FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. MR. FEN NO, I AM not a negociator, neither have I ever bought or fold a cer tificate—but, Sir, my feelings are not injured, nor is my envy excited at the prosperity of thole characters who havebeen fuccefi fully employed in the business of [peculation. Many of those persons have been benefactors to the original holders of public paper ; and to my knowledge have often given more to the soldier for his securities, than those who now declaim againflthcm would give at the fame time. The forming an open market, for public paper, was done by some Tefpeftable brokers ; by which means the highelt pi ice wasalwdys to be obtained—-and a great increase in the price was occaho led bv the competition thereby produced: before that time many unprincipled persons, among whom were fecrct, fqua re-toed, hoary [peculators, who imposed on the credulous and unwary,and obtained their securities for a fon^. It is the genuine effufion of malice and envy therefore, to brand a set of men as knaves, cheats and pick-pockets, among which are as rcfpe£table chara&ers for honor, integrity, henevolcnce and hu manity, as any in the community.—Sir, I have known some bro kers who made it a constant practice to advise the oflicers and so!- diers to retain their paper, and wait if pollible for the time when they should realize its value from the jfilhce of their country ; and when they have been determined to part with it, have al ways given a higher pricc than any perfou not m the business ot a Broker would give. V E R I T A S. Philadelphia, July 16. By the arrival of the brig Peter, Capt. Brooks, at New-York, in 55 days from London, news papers are received to the 16th of May—Tliey inform—That the Ruffians under the command of Prince Gallitzin have defeated a body of 8000 Turks on the banks of the Danube, killing 3000 thousand and taking as many more prison ers—While this was doing, the Ottoman (hips of war experienced a severe defeat, the admiral of the Ruffian Flotilla having taken and funk a great number of them, with very litrle loss to his own squadron—Great tumults subsist in Con ftanrinople ; the city being frequently set on fire by the incendiaries, the infurredjons were frequent, and a revolution hourly expected— Great preparations are making in England to carrv 011 the war against Russia—Prince Potem kin has accepted the offer of having a palace built for him at the public charge—The Nation al Affeiwbly of France has palled a decree for is suing affignats of five l'tvres each to the amount of one hundred millions, money to an equal amount is at the fame time to be coined for the payment of them. Great rewards have been given by the Assem bly to all who have contributed to the detection of those desperate offenders, who went from France to England for the purpofeof forging af iignats to the amount of a million sterling—The magistrates of Bow-street, London, exerted themselves on the occasion, and through their exertions alone it was owing that the culpiits were difcovered—Caglioltro is to be immured in the eaftle of Angelo as a heretic, a judicial astrologer, a magician and a freemafm ! Crimes somewhat singular at the latter end of the 181h century! General Meadows, it is reported at the India House, has taken several of Tippo's Forts and killed 5000 of his troops —Lieutenant Riou has arrived in England—Mr. Paine's pamphlet has been translated into French, German and Italian—The multitude in Paris on the 4th of May burnt the Pope in effigy in the Palace Royal—Several of the fetftions in Paris, of which there are 48, have parted refolutioris highly cri minative of the conduct of the Sieur de la Fay ette, particularly for dilbanding and disarming a Grenadier company without trial or judicial procedure of any kind—for resuming the com mand of the National Guards without being pro perly re-eletfted—but especially for exerting himfelf to prevail 011 the Guards to fire on the people, who opposed the King's departure to St. Clouds. M. Bailly, the Mayor, is involved in the 1 all charge. The Englilh pnpers alfogivean account of the firlt pitched battle to which the Frcnc'h revolu tion has given rife; it was fought near Carpen rras, between 10,000 pnti iors and about 7000coun ter-revolntionills. The latter were coniplerely routed, and Carpentras, in which was a garrison of 4000 men inverted by the patriotic troops On the 21 it of April a capitulation was proposed by the besieged. Yesterday the Commiflioners appointed to receiveSubfcriptions to the Bank, of the United States, began to issue their receipts to the Subscriber?. Extradoj a Utter from Pittsburg, July 7, 1791 " This moment we have a well authenticated account, that General Scott, with his party, have returned, having compleatly surprized the Wabafh Towns.—He has brought in thirty Indi an men's fcalos, fifty prisoners, and two hundred horses, loaded with peltry, and other articles taken from tke towns, and he has effe&ed all this with a very incoafideiable loss eithe*- of men or property. The above is confirmed, with the particulars, that General Scott is (lightly wonnded in the thigh, and that three only of our men are killed. The General has sent back ten ot the oldest men amongst his prisoners, with a meflagetothc Indians, that it they do not immediately fend in every one of our prisoners amongst them, he will put the other 40 prisoners to death with the mod excruciating tortures." Accouuts from theEaftern States concur in one general senti ment of exultation, Joy and feftivity on the late anniversary of independence.—lnßollon a public oration is annually delivered at the requcft of the town—This year the orator was Mr. Thomas Crafts, whose performance was received with applaule by his follow citiicn*. The Oration to the Cincinnati of that (late was delivered by William Euftis, which was highly and de fervedly applauded.—The day was also celebrated at Wdrce&cr and Braintree with uncommon fellivity. -Similar accounts from the Southern States are received—all which fully confirm this fentirnent, that Independence, Freedom and Government aie dear to the citizens of this great Republic—That the Presi dent and Vice-President of the union enjoy, as they justly merit, the love and confidence of the people, that the general go vernment is dear to the citizens, and that the laws ena£ted under it, receive their approbation —all which is abundantly evident from the trulv patriotic toasts and fentirnent* expicfled at a time when genuine benevolence and philanthropy absorbing the af fections, exclude every meaner consideration. The rapidity with which the fubfeription to the National Bank was filled* far furpalfed the most sanguine expectations. Such facility to deposit so large a sum of specie, evinces the wealth of the country, while the astonishing eagerness to sub scribe is a proof of the high estimation in which the plan of the Bank is held by the public. The fliarc- .ire already fold at a great advance, and must rife, when foreigners come forward to purchase. Many citizens who have been unfortunately exclu ded, desirous of being stockholders will also become purchasers. With the aid of a Bank organized as this is, the fifcal operations will move with ease and celerity* and the establishment of branches frdm the Parent-Bank will gradually dtffufe wealth throughout the Union. We may therefore anticipate the time when the credit of this country will not yield to that of any other, when order will be completely established in the finances of every state as well as of the union, and every species of pub lic security have a known, determinate and fixed value. Even should individual states neglect to make Adequate provision for particular description* of paper, the government ot the United States will be imprefled with the expediency of doing away the disgrace resulting to the national chara&er from the exigence of any depreciated paper trash ; altho' the United States should make the most ample provision for their own debts, it is evident that the hawking about other public securities In a very depre ciated state reflets discredit on the American reputation, parti cularly in the eyes of foreign nations, who will naturally con found one species of paper with another. When it is considered at what little expence to the union this may be accompliftiea, we may reasonably entertain an expe&ation of so desirable an event. A people poffefling the spirit, enterprising genius and resources ot this country, will ere long be difiatisfied at feeing its honor tarnished by the low value of some of its certificates now float : ng in the market in a fort of amphibious state, and the growing prosperity of the nation will dailj? add to that ho nest and noble pride, which cannot brook the-flighteft imputation of injustice. A Georgia correspondent observes, that a treatise on the culti vation of the vine, and the process of making wines, would be a very ufeful addition to our agricultural stock of information : the vine is a native of our foil, and from the nature of the cli mate, and the goodness of the wild grape, he doubts not that wines of a good quality may be made in various parts of the United States, particularly in Georg"t%. Says a correspondent, I'ome persons who have set themfelvcs up to adtnoriilh and reform, and who at the fame time are known to be inveterate enemies to public credit arid oppofld to the pay ment of the national debt, are constantly finding fault with every perion and measure anyways connefled with the finances. It is lather outre to obfeive one person in particular perpetually de claiming in print and out of print againlt speculators, when it is well known, that scarcely any methods have been uneffayed by this infallible monitor, /peculation, deep and Juperjicial specula tion not excepted, to make a fortune. The colonial afl'embly of the citizens of Chan dernagore, in the Ealt-Indies, have protelted againlt the condudt ofthe Englilh Government of Bengal, which has not only encouraged the a riitocrnti in their opposition to ihc revolution in that quarter, and given fancSuary to foine of their refugees, but has alio rescued others, by attacking with a superior force tlie veflel which was transporting them to France. The pi oteltalfo complainsof commercial injultice and impolition. The following refers to Bilhop Seabury, and is copied from the New-Hamplhiie Gazette.— While every polite attention was paid to this eminent person by the citizens of this town, it is with pleasure repeated, that the utmofl de corum was observed and 1110 ft serious attention paid, by crowded and refpeftable audiences, to the various duties performed on the occasion bv him, who is at the head of Episcopal affairs in the United States, as the eldell on the bench of Bishops. In a (peculation entitled " Occurrences on a journey in 1791," published in the Maryland Herald, is an attack on the Pofl-Office Depart ment, forirregularity in the tranfiniUion of News papers. Fatfls should be Hated that the public opinion may not be milled. Agreeably to the re gulations of Congress under which the Poll-Office is now conducted, the Post-Master General is at liberty to charge for his trouble in transmitting Newspapers ; —he has not done it. Papers cir culate free of all expence, and the Poll-Offices are open for the reception of them from every quarter. This is an indulgence which the Prin ters owe to the Department. But so important an objetft as a free circulation of Newspapers for the information of the inhabitants in every part of these states, fhonld certainly not red 011 the will, and depend on the indulgence of the offi cers in any department. The public have a right to expect from their Representatives in Congress, and will no doubt obtain some regulations at the next felfion, which will put the business upon a footing to be depended on : For it cannot be de nied that Newspapers now deposited in the seve ral Poft-Offices, do nor always reach the place of their dellination, for want of such regulations as would require expence, aijd are therefore out of the reach of the department as it is now organiz ed. One adertion in the speculation above al luded to, is entirely unfounded it is said, that while we were dependent on the Britilh govern ment, Newspapers found their way regularly through every part of the Continent;—this was not the cafe generally, and the few that did cir culate were entirely independent of thePolt-Of 'fice, and were carried by the Poll-riders at their ipleafnre, and on their own private account. 91 Gen. Adv EXTRACTS, The inftrtiiftions, delivered by the people of France to their Representatives in the National AfTembly, are a faithful portrait of their fenti nients. They form a collection of the most in terelling state papers, that ever were written. They recommend the forming of high-ways and canals ; the improvement of agriculture, and encouragement of commerce; a provision for the adminifti ation of justice: They paint out the most falutavy reftrnints on arbitrary power; on the expenditure, and application of the national revenue: They are ditftated with a spirit unpa ralleled in history ; a spirit at present utiiverfal in France. They prove inconteftably, that the fun of liberty and science has arifenin the land, by which the clouds of despotism mult finally be difpelied. Accidents, perhaps, may occur, which for a while, may prevent these effects ; but fol low they unavoidably must. So long as the pre sent habits and femimeuts of the nation Continue, so long must it befr'ee. The maxim, " That all government is founded on opinion," is undeni ably just. Amidst opinions, therefore, udiver fally favorable to liberty, despotism cannot pos sibly subsist. Virtue, knowledge, and freedom, are the grand requisites of national happiness. Without these, no society ever poflefled comfort :—with them, none was ever unhappy. On the last, however, the two firft wholly depend. Liberty, founded on equitable laws, is intimately connec ted with all that is estimable or' worthy in hu man nature. No sooner are men's persons and property secured, than industry and opulence are diffufed in society. When their cirfcumftan ces are easy, and their minds unfettered by ty ranny, they recover the life of their faculties. Pleasure attends every exercise of the under fland ing. The human mind will always be improved where it is not overawed by authority. This will still more infallibly happen, iffuch improve ment leads to conlideration and preferment in the community. The qualities ofthe heart are no less interested. here. Freedom is the parent of virtue, as well as of knowledge. Treat a man unworthily, and he will soon become less virtuous. Every gene rous and manly sentiment languishes, in a Hate of oppreflion. Revenge, cowardice, diffimula~ tion, every passion vuihich can torment the heart, and render life a enrfe, is the natural produc tion of such a condition. An enlightened citi zen, in the pofleffion of wealth and independ ence, is farther removed from the condition of a slave, trembling under the rod of his master, than the latter is from a beast. They arc in the two opposite extremes of the scale of human hap piness. The truth of this reasoning is not founded in speculation ; it is confirmed by the experience of every age, and the concurring testimony of all nations. Compare the splendor and happiness of the free, enlightened inhabitants of ancient Greece and Italy, with the mean and wretched Hate of their abjetfl posterity ; and you must be convinced, that the mere abuses of government xan convert the most fertile fields in a barren de sert. They can change heroes into slaves, and patriots into monks. Samuf.l Osgood, Elquire, hal resigned his office of Pofl- Maller-General of the United States. TO CORRESPONDENTS. ££3" " Gracchus," "Henry," and other favors, in out next. From PELOSI's MARINE LIST. ARRIVALS at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA. Brig Esther, Bufluiell, , Sloop Rose and Hetty, Bags, Polly, Burke, Sally, Lawrens, Orange, Rhodes, Lemon, Hall, Schooner Hardy, Green, — Sally, Lounfburv, Isabella, Anderfon, PRICE CURRENT.— PUBLIC SECURITIES. FUNDED DEBT. 6 pr. Cents 18/6 18/9 pr. £ 3 pr. Cents io/6 ioJg Defered 6 pr. Cents 10/6 10/9 UNFUNDED DEBT. Final Sett!. and other Certificates 17JS 17/988J Indents lof 6 10/9 53^ N. and S. Carolina debts, 15J6. Bank Subscriptions, 45 1048 Dollars, Six pei Cents, weie fold, for cacti, in New-York, at 19/2, on the 1 qtli instant. TAKE NOTICE. THE Manage r s of the Newark Bridge Lottery will begin paving the Prizes drawn in the First Class on Mondav the nth of July, by which time the Tickets in the Second Class will be ready to deliver to applicants agreeable to the scheme.— To accommodate holders of Tickets undrawn in the First Class. the fame numbers in the Second Class will be lodged, if conveni ent, i n ihe fame places where the firft were fold, as soon as poflible, and if not, such holders must apply to the Manager who Hgned their Tickets. Such persons wil! please to take notice, that appli cation for renewal in the Second Class must be made before the i ith of August next. JOHN N. CUMMING,) JF.SSF. BALDWIN, C Managers. JOffN D. ALVF.Y, ) of Ncw-Brunfwick. (iaw lm) Newark, June *7, 1791 Virginia, do. do. Nevis. Cape-Francois. St. Euftatia. Cape-Francois. St. Euftatia. do. 93J pr. cent. 53i do bii io. do. do.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers