FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
MR. FEN NO,
I AM not a negociator, neither have I ever bought or fold a cer
tificate—but, Sir, my feelings are not injured, nor is my envy
excited at the prosperity of thole characters who havebeen fuccefi
fully employed in the business of [peculation. Many of those
persons have been benefactors to the original holders of public
paper ; and to my knowledge have often given more to the soldier
for his securities, than those who now declaim againflthcm would
give at the fame time.
The forming an open market, for public paper, was done by some
Tefpeftable brokers ; by which means the highelt pi ice wasalwdys
to be obtained—-and a great increase in the price was occaho led
bv the competition thereby produced: before that time many
unprincipled persons, among whom were fecrct, fqua re-toed,
hoary [peculators, who imposed on the credulous and unwary,and
obtained their securities for a fon^.
It is the genuine effufion of malice and envy therefore, to brand
a set of men as knaves, cheats and pick-pockets, among which are
as rcfpe£table chara&ers for honor, integrity, henevolcnce and hu
manity, as any in the community.—Sir, I have known some bro
kers who made it a constant practice to advise the oflicers and so!-
diers to retain their paper, and wait if pollible for the time when
they should realize its value from the jfilhce of their country ; and
when they have been determined to part with it, have al ways given
a higher pricc than any perfou not m the business ot a Broker
would give. V E R I T A S.
Philadelphia, July 16.
By the arrival of the brig Peter, Capt. Brooks,
at New-York, in 55 days from London, news
papers are received to the 16th of May—Tliey
inform—That the Ruffians under the command
of Prince Gallitzin have defeated a body of
8000 Turks on the banks of the Danube, killing
3000 thousand and taking as many more prison
ers—While this was doing, the Ottoman (hips of
war experienced a severe defeat, the admiral of
the Ruffian Flotilla having taken and funk a
great number of them, with very litrle loss to
his own squadron—Great tumults subsist in Con
ftanrinople ; the city being frequently set on
fire by the incendiaries, the infurredjons were
frequent, and a revolution hourly expected—
Great preparations are making in England to
carrv 011 the war against Russia—Prince Potem
kin has accepted the offer of having a palace
built for him at the public charge—The Nation
al Affeiwbly of France has palled a decree for is
suing affignats of five l'tvres each to the amount
of one hundred millions, money to an equal
amount is at the fame time to be coined for the
payment of them.
Great rewards have been given by the Assem
bly to all who have contributed to the detection
of those desperate offenders, who went from
France to England for the purpofeof forging af
iignats to the amount of a million sterling—The
magistrates of Bow-street, London, exerted
themselves on the occasion, and through their
exertions alone it was owing that the culpiits
were difcovered—Caglioltro is to be immured
in the eaftle of Angelo as a heretic, a judicial
astrologer, a magician and a freemafm ! Crimes
somewhat singular at the latter end of the 181h
century! General Meadows, it is reported at the
India House, has taken several of Tippo's Forts
and killed 5000 of his troops —Lieutenant Riou
has arrived in England—Mr. Paine's pamphlet
has been translated into French, German and
Italian—The multitude in Paris on the 4th of
May burnt the Pope in effigy in the Palace
Royal—Several of the fetftions in Paris, of which
there are 48, have parted refolutioris highly cri
minative of the conduct of the Sieur de la Fay
ette, particularly for dilbanding and disarming
a Grenadier company without trial or judicial
procedure of any kind—for resuming the com
mand of the National Guards without being pro
perly re-eletfted—but especially for exerting
himfelf to prevail 011 the Guards to fire on the
people, who opposed the King's departure to
St. Clouds. M. Bailly, the Mayor, is involved in
the 1 all charge.
The Englilh pnpers alfogivean account of the
firlt pitched battle to which the Frcnc'h revolu
tion has given rife; it was fought near Carpen
rras, between 10,000 pnti iors and about 7000coun
ter-revolntionills. The latter were coniplerely
routed, and Carpentras, in which was a garrison
of 4000 men inverted by the patriotic troops
On the 21 it of April a capitulation was proposed
by the besieged.
Yesterday the Commiflioners appointed to receiveSubfcriptions
to the Bank, of the United States, began to issue their receipts to
the Subscriber?.
Extradoj a Utter from Pittsburg, July 7, 1791
" This moment we have a well authenticated account, that
General Scott, with his party, have returned, having compleatly
surprized the Wabafh Towns.—He has brought in thirty Indi
an men's fcalos, fifty prisoners, and two hundred horses, loaded
with peltry, and other articles taken from tke towns, and he has
effe&ed all this with a very incoafideiable loss eithe*- of men
or property. The above is confirmed, with the particulars, that
General Scott is (lightly wonnded in the thigh, and that three
only of our men are killed. The General has sent back ten
ot the oldest men amongst his prisoners, with a meflagetothc
Indians, that it they do not immediately fend in every one of
our prisoners amongst them, he will put the other 40 prisoners
to death with the mod excruciating tortures."
Accouuts from theEaftern States concur in one general senti
ment of exultation, Joy and feftivity on the late anniversary of
independence.—lnßollon a public oration is annually delivered
at the requcft of the town—This year the orator was Mr. Thomas
Crafts, whose performance was received with applaule by his
follow citiicn*. The Oration to the Cincinnati of that (late was
delivered by William Euftis, which was highly and de
fervedly applauded.—The day was also celebrated at Wdrce&cr
and Braintree with uncommon fellivity. -Similar accounts from
the Southern States are received—all which fully confirm this
fentirnent, that Independence, Freedom and Government aie
dear to the citizens of this great Republic—That the Presi
dent and Vice-President of the union enjoy, as they justly
merit, the love and confidence of the people, that the general go
vernment is dear to the citizens, and that the laws ena£ted under
it, receive their approbation —all which is abundantly evident
from the trulv patriotic toasts and fentirnent* expicfled at a time
when genuine benevolence and philanthropy absorbing the af
fections, exclude every meaner consideration.
The rapidity with which the fubfeription to the National
Bank was filled* far furpalfed the most sanguine expectations.
Such facility to deposit so large a sum of specie, evinces the
wealth of the country, while the astonishing eagerness to sub
scribe is a proof of the high estimation in which the plan of the
Bank is held by the public. The fliarc- .ire already fold at a
great advance, and must rife, when foreigners come forward to
purchase. Many citizens who have been unfortunately exclu
ded, desirous of being stockholders will also become purchasers.
With the aid of a Bank organized as this is, the fifcal operations
will move with ease and celerity* and the establishment of
branches frdm the Parent-Bank will gradually dtffufe wealth
throughout the Union. We may therefore anticipate the time
when the credit of this country will not yield to that of any
other, when order will be completely established in the finances
of every state as well as of the union, and every species of pub
lic security have a known, determinate and fixed value. Even
should individual states neglect to make Adequate provision for
particular description* of paper, the government ot the United
States will be imprefled with the expediency of doing away the
disgrace resulting to the national chara&er from the exigence
of any depreciated paper trash ; altho' the United States should
make the most ample provision for their own debts, it is evident
that the hawking about other public securities In a very depre
ciated state reflets discredit on the American reputation, parti
cularly in the eyes of foreign nations, who will naturally con
found one species of paper with another. When it is considered
at what little expence to the union this may be accompliftiea,
we may reasonably entertain an expe&ation of so desirable an
event. A people poffefling the spirit, enterprising genius and
resources ot this country, will ere long be difiatisfied at feeing
its honor tarnished by the low value of some of its certificates
now float : ng in the market in a fort of amphibious state, and
the growing prosperity of the nation will dailj? add to that ho
nest and noble pride, which cannot brook the-flighteft imputation
of injustice.
A Georgia correspondent observes, that a treatise on the culti
vation of the vine, and the process of making wines, would be a
very ufeful addition to our agricultural stock of information :
the vine is a native of our foil, and from the nature of the cli
mate, and the goodness of the wild grape, he doubts not that
wines of a good quality may be made in various parts of the
United States, particularly in Georg"t%.
Says a correspondent, I'ome persons who have set themfelvcs
up to adtnoriilh and reform, and who at the fame time are known
to be inveterate enemies to public credit arid oppofld to the pay
ment of the national debt, are constantly finding fault with every
perion and measure anyways connefled with the finances. It is
lather outre to obfeive one person in particular perpetually de
claiming in print and out of print againlt speculators, when it
is well known, that scarcely any methods have been uneffayed
by this infallible monitor, /peculation, deep and Juperjicial specula
tion not excepted, to make a fortune.
The colonial afl'embly of the citizens of Chan
dernagore, in the Ealt-Indies, have protelted
againlt the condudt ofthe Englilh Government of
Bengal, which has not only encouraged the a
riitocrnti in their opposition to ihc revolution in
that quarter, and given fancSuary to foine of
their refugees, but has alio rescued others, by
attacking with a superior force tlie veflel which
was transporting them to France. The pi oteltalfo
complainsof commercial injultice and impolition.
The following refers to Bilhop Seabury, and
is copied from the New-Hamplhiie Gazette.—
While every polite attention was paid to this
eminent person by the citizens of this town, it
is with pleasure repeated, that the utmofl de
corum was observed and 1110 ft serious attention
paid, by crowded and refpeftable audiences, to
the various duties performed on the occasion bv
him, who is at the head of Episcopal affairs in
the United States, as the eldell on the bench of
Bishops.
In a (peculation entitled " Occurrences on a
journey in 1791," published in the Maryland
Herald, is an attack on the Pofl-Office Depart
ment, forirregularity in the tranfiniUion of News
papers. Fatfls should be Hated that the public
opinion may not be milled. Agreeably to the re
gulations of Congress under which the Poll-Office
is now conducted, the Post-Master General is at
liberty to charge for his trouble in transmitting
Newspapers ; —he has not done it. Papers cir
culate free of all expence, and the Poll-Offices
are open for the reception of them from every
quarter. This is an indulgence which the Prin
ters owe to the Department. But so important
an objetft as a free circulation of Newspapers for
the information of the inhabitants in every part
of these states, fhonld certainly not red 011 the
will, and depend on the indulgence of the offi
cers in any department. The public have a right
to expect from their Representatives in Congress,
and will no doubt obtain some regulations at the
next felfion, which will put the business upon a
footing to be depended on : For it cannot be de
nied that Newspapers now deposited in the seve
ral Poft-Offices, do nor always reach the place of
their dellination, for want of such regulations as
would require expence, aijd are therefore out of
the reach of the department as it is now organiz
ed. One adertion in the speculation above al
luded to, is entirely unfounded it is said, that
while we were dependent on the Britilh govern
ment, Newspapers found their way regularly
through every part of the Continent;—this was
not the cafe generally, and the few that did cir
culate were entirely independent of thePolt-Of
'fice, and were carried by the Poll-riders at their
ipleafnre, and on their own private account.
91
Gen. Adv
EXTRACTS,
The inftrtiiftions, delivered by the people of
France to their Representatives in the National
AfTembly, are a faithful portrait of their fenti
nients. They form a collection of the most in
terelling state papers, that ever were written.
They recommend the forming of high-ways and
canals ; the improvement of agriculture, and
encouragement of commerce; a provision for the
adminifti ation of justice: They paint out the
most falutavy reftrnints on arbitrary power; on
the expenditure, and application of the national
revenue: They are ditftated with a spirit unpa
ralleled in history ; a spirit at present utiiverfal
in France. They prove inconteftably, that the
fun of liberty and science has arifenin the land,
by which the clouds of despotism mult finally be
difpelied. Accidents, perhaps, may occur, which
for a while, may prevent these effects ; but fol
low they unavoidably must. So long as the pre
sent habits and femimeuts of the nation Continue,
so long must it befr'ee. The maxim, " That all
government is founded on opinion," is undeni
ably just. Amidst opinions, therefore, udiver
fally favorable to liberty, despotism cannot pos
sibly subsist.
Virtue, knowledge, and freedom, are the
grand requisites of national happiness. Without
these, no society ever poflefled comfort :—with
them, none was ever unhappy. On the last,
however, the two firft wholly depend. Liberty,
founded on equitable laws, is intimately connec
ted with all that is estimable or' worthy in hu
man nature. No sooner are men's persons and
property secured, than industry and opulence
are diffufed in society. When their cirfcumftan
ces are easy, and their minds unfettered by ty
ranny, they recover the life of their faculties.
Pleasure attends every exercise of the under fland
ing. The human mind will always be improved
where it is not overawed by authority. This
will still more infallibly happen, iffuch improve
ment leads to conlideration and preferment in the
community.
The qualities ofthe heart are no less interested.
here. Freedom is the parent of virtue, as well
as of knowledge. Treat a man unworthily, and
he will soon become less virtuous. Every gene
rous and manly sentiment languishes, in a Hate
of oppreflion. Revenge, cowardice, diffimula~
tion, every passion vuihich can torment the heart,
and render life a enrfe, is the natural produc
tion of such a condition. An enlightened citi
zen, in the pofleffion of wealth and independ
ence, is farther removed from the condition of a
slave, trembling under the rod of his master,
than the latter is from a beast. They arc in the
two opposite extremes of the scale of human hap
piness.
The truth of this reasoning is not founded in
speculation ; it is confirmed by the experience of
every age, and the concurring testimony of all
nations. Compare the splendor and happiness
of the free, enlightened inhabitants of ancient
Greece and Italy, with the mean and wretched
Hate of their abjetfl posterity ; and you must be
convinced, that the mere abuses of government
xan convert the most fertile fields in a barren de
sert. They can change heroes into slaves, and
patriots into monks.
Samuf.l Osgood, Elquire, hal resigned his office of Pofl-
Maller-General of the United States.
TO CORRESPONDENTS.
££3" " Gracchus," "Henry," and other favors, in out
next.
From PELOSI's MARINE LIST.
ARRIVALS at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA.
Brig Esther, Bufluiell,
, Sloop Rose and Hetty, Bags,
Polly, Burke,
Sally, Lawrens,
Orange, Rhodes,
Lemon, Hall,
Schooner Hardy, Green,
— Sally, Lounfburv,
Isabella, Anderfon,
PRICE CURRENT.— PUBLIC SECURITIES.
FUNDED DEBT.
6 pr. Cents 18/6 18/9 pr. £
3 pr. Cents io/6 ioJg
Defered 6 pr. Cents 10/6 10/9
UNFUNDED DEBT.
Final Sett!. and other Certificates 17JS 17/988J
Indents lof 6 10/9 53^
N. and S. Carolina debts, 15J6.
Bank Subscriptions, 45 1048 Dollars,
Six pei Cents, weie fold, for cacti, in New-York, at 19/2, on
the 1 qtli instant.
TAKE NOTICE.
THE Manage r s of the Newark Bridge Lottery will
begin paving the Prizes drawn in the First Class on Mondav
the nth of July, by which time the Tickets in the Second Class
will be ready to deliver to applicants agreeable to the scheme.—
To accommodate holders of Tickets undrawn in the First Class.
the fame numbers in the Second Class will be lodged, if conveni
ent, i n ihe fame places where the firft were fold, as soon as poflible,
and if not, such holders must apply to the Manager who Hgned
their Tickets. Such persons wil! please to take notice, that appli
cation for renewal in the Second Class must be made before the
i ith of August next.
JOHN N. CUMMING,)
JF.SSF. BALDWIN, C Managers.
JOffN D. ALVF.Y, )
of Ncw-Brunfwick.
(iaw lm)
Newark, June *7, 1791
Virginia,
do.
do.
Nevis.
Cape-Francois.
St. Euftatia.
Cape-Francois.
St. Euftatia.
do.
93J pr. cent.
53i do
bii io.
do.
do.