taught tlie relative rights of the Ruler and the ruled, in the continual correspondence he has kept up -with his adopted father, General ton the hero and the statesman, «« Who with enlightened patriots met, " On Schuylkill's banks in close divan, " And wing'd that arrow Cure as fate, 44 Which " afcertain'd the rights of man.'' August 9. Baron de Bezenval is to be tried immediately. He is in fafe custody. He was ge neral of the King's troops in the district of Paris at the time of the revolution ; was in all the se crets of the court party, and was the person who wrote to the Governor of the Baftile to defend the garrison but for twelve hours, and all would be iafe. The people are most inveterateagainft him. M. de Bezenval was second in command under M.deßroglio, a particular favorite of the Queen, with whom he had the confidence to remain until the King returned from Paris. It was this gentle man who peevishly observed to his uiajefty, that as there was no further occasion for him, he would call his carriage, and go home ; to which an old nobleman replied, " Your carriage ! apoft-chaife and eight you mean." It now appears, that for his own fafety he should have followed the old veteran's advice. According to letters from Nantz, received on Thursday, eleven vellels arrived there from Ame rica, the 29th of last month, laden with wheat and other corn. Their cargoes were disposed of the morning after their arrival, and the ihips were unlading as fact as poflible,to return home for frefh cargoes, grain being verv plentiful in the Ame rican States. August 10. Accounts from Brest, transmitted to the National Afl'einbly, mention that the in habitants, uniting with the military and the ad miralty, guard that valuable dock and harbour with the utmost vigilance, as well as thefea ports on the coasts of Brittanny and Normandy ; not from apprehension of their friends the generous En<difh, but to prevent any black acT: of treachery on the part of their wicked and implacable inter nal enemies. They request a chief to be sent them, and express awifhthatit lhouldbe M. D'Eftaing. The Aflembly have consequently seconded their defice by a deputation to the King. All advices from Vienna agree that the revolu tion in Franee has entirely changed the politics of the imperial cabinet, and a speedy peace is now the general expe«ftation; the flame of freedom is spreading faftinthe Low Countries, and it is high time for Joseph to look at home. The inquisition is now the only grand engine of tyranny remaining in Europe. But that is very far from pofleffing the power it formerly had : the late King abridged them so far, that every proceeding is obliged to be laid before him, and no person punished without full proof of the fact.—By a gentleman who lately resided in Spain, we are allured that the inquisition is now little more than a bugbear ; there has been no Auto-de- Fe for many years. The last one worth mention ing was above a century ago, in the year 1680. N E W-Y O R K, October 17. By the SANDWICH PACKET, Capt. , who left Falmouth the 7th ult. we have received Papers to the First September—from which we have time to fele<flonly the following articles. PARIS, August 27. WE are come to the fatal crisis at last—bread is very scarce : To have a two pound loaf, or half a four pound one, the maids are forced to go and stand before the bake-houses at four o'clock in the morning, and wait there in. their turn ; each of them receives a number, according to priority of time. So equal a diftin&ion now prevails in the anti-rhambers of men in power, or diftinguiftied personages ; if any body, for instance, presents himfelf to the Marquis de la Fayette, a number is given him, and he is obliged to wait till that number is called. It has lately hap pened that a person has been three days before his turn came : Such has been the hurry of business with that General, whofc esteem and admiration are daily increasing. Mr. Brissot de Warvilie has presented to the Hotel de Ville his new plan for the municipality of the town of Paris. The plan of municipality has been read to all the districts, and with some few exceptions appears to be generally approved of. Children, always driving to imitate grown persons, are con stantly parading on a Sunday or holiday, the streets and gardens fcf Paris, in a kind of militia-patrole. In order to have every thing compleat, they were carrying last Sunday in the Luxemborg 'wo dead cats fixed on poles. The celebrated painter, M. David, has been advised not to fend his picture of Brutus, facrificing his two sons, to the exhibi tion this year. The fame advice has been given to M. Barbier, who has drawn the portrait of the Grenadier who hoiftcd the colors on one of the Baftile-towers. Some balls have been found in the walls of the Baftile, levelled against that tremendous castle, by the great Conde, in fche minor ity of Lew is XlVth. They have been sent, by the engineers, to the Marquis de la Fayette, with the following compliments— The present we offer you, Sir, is worthy of you only ; it is neither gold, nor jewels : It is 'iron and balls ; balls that have been dis covered in the ruins of the cave of despair, and the dun cion of grief and bondage : Vouchlafe to accept them; the spoils of despotism are the noblefl: trophies one can dedicate to tiie citizen, and the hero, whom public liberty has found for a defender in both hemispheres." NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, Augujl 23. Thei6th, 17th, and 18th articles of the Declaration ef Rights, from the 6th bureau, contained the liberty of religious opinions. These were examined this morning. All the members agreed that opinions ought to be free; the difficulty was, to know how far public worlhip should be so. The fallowing questions were debated with great warmth, and rendered the arguments extreme ly interesting on both fides :—Cau opinions be free when the pub lic worftiip is not ? Or is that free when liberty is not equal for \ a ll ? Can there be a predominancy or preference of a part,without there being some obftruclion or servitude in the other ?" Viscount Mi r abe au was of opinion, that the liberty of religious opinions (honld be separated fronj wiiat concerns the public worship ; the former to be mentioned m th~ Declaration of Rights, the latter in the Conftitutiou. The Ke'lorof Vieu'C Posflange laid, a religion, which was charity itlelt, ought to be inclined to tolera tion, and was even for admitting different manners of Worship, provided they did ncjt trouble the public order. M. Raband de St. Edennf. rose, and refling hisargument on the very firit words of the Declaration of Rights, " Men are born and remain equal in rights," concluded thatthey had an equal right to,the liberty of their opinion, and public worship. There can be no liberty, fays he, without that of opinions, nor anv liberty of religious opinions without that ol worship. If the predominant worship dominates otherwifc than by truth and persuasion, all others are oppreflTed and no longer free." The Bishop of Lyda spoke very sensibly on toleration, but (hewed the neceflity of setting some bounds to if. He introduced the examples of England and Holland, wheie Protestantism was the predominant religion, in the mid ft of liberty which is highly refpetted. " How is that liberty highly refpecked in England, fhrcwdlv remarked a member, when a man who celebrates a mass is hung ?" There would be no end were we to report all the changes, alterations, and even new articles that were proposed. The Prcfident read the following article, which forms the tenth of the Declaration, and was approved of by a majority of the members. " No person js to be molelled for his opinions, not even for his religious ones, provided his manifeft ing them does not trouble the public ones established by the law." The amendments constituted two thirds of the sentence. Religious, was the firft ; even the second ; provided his manifefling them does not trouble the public order, thethird : and ejlablijhid by the law, the fourth. Theie difcuflions plainly evince that the Clergy, aremaft ers of the field now, and in a specious manner they can get any amendment pafled, one after another. M. N T ECKARdid not go to the Aflembly vefterdav, on account of hi< health. He sent the following apology : I had presumed too much, Mr. President, on my strength and my health, in an nouncing to you that I (hould wait this day on your honorable aflembly. I shall address to you to-morrow the rcfle&ions I in tended to read. Deign, Sir, to accept the homage of my excuses, and bethe inter preter of my regret." M. de Montmorency proposed the 13th article for the De claration, containing a power of changing the Constitution after a limited time, as Solon and Locke were of opinion. The debates on this fubjett were postponed till the next meeting. L O tt D O N* Sept. I* Let those who indulge themselves in ridicule of the French As sembly consider, firit That they have abolished the game laws that still difgface Bri tain. Thatthey have abolished tythes, that in every part of the south ern kingdoms, as welt as in Ireland, grind the industrious yeo manry, and oppress agriculture. That they have abolished all pensions, except those conferred for a&ual services rendered to the country. That they have made it an article that no Minister nor civil placeman (hall be permited to fit and vote in the National Aflen^bly. Thatthey have abolished all heriots, fines, recoveries, and other rights of fuperiority,,which are still in this kingdom the fubjett of inceflant hardship and litigation. That they have declared every citizen, whatever may be his re ligious persuasions, eligible to every office of State, and to every honor in the gift of the crown. Without refering to the grand revolution which they have ac complished, who will aflert that these things are frivolous ? DIFFERENCE OF TIMES. In 1655, w h?n the Parliament of Paris were a (Tern bled on ac count of some edicts, Louis XIV, who was at that time not above seventeen years of age, went from Vincennes in a hunting dress, attended by his whole Court, and entering the Parliament cham ber in jack boots and a whip in his hand, made use of these very words, accompanied by such a look, that, as a French historian remarks, " his eyes spoke more fenlibly than his mouth." " The mifchietsyour Ademblv produces are well known. I command von to break up those you have begun upon my edi£ts— and, Mr. President, I forbid you to permit these Aflemblies, and any of you to demand them." The command or conttow/that Louis XV I. hasonthe Three Estates of the Kingdom, is too well known to need any comment. The King has given fix thousand muskets to the city guard of Paris. The papers further state that the Prince de Cobourg has gained a victory over the Turks, in which thev left 1600 dead on the field. The Turks also loft 100 waggons loaded with military stores. That two capital houses have failed at Peterfburgh, for one million roubles. That the National Aflembly of France have agreed to a bill of rights, arid resolved that all inferior officers of government should be equally responsible as the heads of it ; and that the Chief should be alone excepted. That Count Lally had proposed, the Aflembly of 1200 members being unweildy, that it would beadvifeable to reduce the whole representation to 300 or 400 members. That the Swedes have beat the Ruffians in the late naval engagement. —Buckles, rings, &c. arc made in Paris, set with ftoncs takeh from the ruins ot the Baftilc ; and are called " Conjlitution buckles, &c. The triumph of liberty in France is now conndered as certain: —That she is spreading her benign in fluences—The fubje&s ol the Bilhop of Liege has demanded and obtained a recognition of their rights.—The inhabitants of A vignon request to be treed hom the dominion of Rome—The cities and towns in the Austrian Netherlands talk of uniting them selves with France. That Spain also from its renowned honor, forefight, and deli berate courage, may be expe&cd to begin a political reformation. Repeated accounts from Seville, Barcelona and Lisbon prove be yond a doubt that the feeds of liberty are planted in the opinions of the gentry, nobility, and common people of those places.— Two thirds of the Baftile are down, and 700 men labor from fix in the morning to fix in the evening to demolish the remainder. The King of France has lately had a suit of cloaths made which are the Paris militia uniform.-—.The funds of St. Luke's Hofpita), London,amount to ninety thousand eight hundred sixty four pounds two (hillings and ten pence, cxclufive of the buildings, See. The Grand Vizier has lately been beheaded at Constantinople, and his property, amounting to one million sterling, confifeated : His wife, mother, brother, and filler, were put to the torture, in order to discover their riches ! ! May theJire ojf LibertyJoon be enkindled in this region of infernal despotism : Great disturbances and outrages appear to have taken place in various parts of France, but then they appear to have been perpetrated by a banditti of stragglers : The provinces are taking effectual measures to fupprefsthem : The provincial aflemblies are pouring in their addrefles to the National Aflembly; and heartily joining them in all their plans for efta bliihing the freedom of the country ; and eradicating every vestige of feudal tyranny. BOSTON, OCTOBER 10. A letter from a gentleman, a native of Halifax, to his friend inthis town, Sept. 16. 1789, shews, in the following observations, that even in the chilly regions of Nova-Scotia, the ideas of liberty are beginning to be entertained, viz.—" By the papers we find, that the French are making (till greater and more rapid strides towards a revolution. What a glorious political light have the Americansticld forth to the benighted Europeans, hitherto (tum bling in the darkness of bigotry—that fatal veil, which has long prevented the bright beams of knowledge from visiting their minds. The bieflings of American freedom seem already to spread its influence far and wide ; doubtless its national chara&er will be held in high estimation by all succeeding age?, and its name rc- Cered by generations yet unborn." « The regiment Which piques itfelf on being the oldest military corps not only in France, but in the world, claiming to have ex isted as a body since the days ot Pontius Pilate, to whom the re giment had served as guards, has rcfufed to serve against the peo ple. When questioned on that head by their officers, they laid, " Our regiment has always borne the glorio6s nnme of the regi ment without spot orftain; and it ihall be our care never to make it forfeit so honorable a name, by imbruing our hands in the blood of our countrymen. We read, in a London paper of the Bth of August, that Mr. Sheridan has openly acrufed Mr. Pitt of having employed more than two millions in fomenting the intestine div.fions ot France If the Miniftcr is thus accused, and can not shew how that sum has been employed which is deficient in the trealury, it will be no longer difficult to account for the very great anxiety of the Duke of Dorset. NEW-YORK, OCTOBER 17. Last Thurlday morning the President of the United States fat out OTI his tour east, in his chariot and four, accompanied by T. Lear, Esq. and Major Jackson, two of his Secretaries, on horseback; The Chief Justice of the United States, the Secretary of the Trea sury, and the Secretary at War efcortcd the Prclidcnt a lew miles on his journey. To the innumerable instances of more than paternal attention to the intercftsofthe United States, theprefent journey is now added ; and the universal approbation of the meaiure, expressed by all ranks of citizens, affords the happiest prefagesol its being attend ed with those salutary confequenccs, the hope of which 01 iginated the design. Not for the purposes of empty parade, or to acquirc the ap plaufeof gaping multitudes—Not for the display of royal pageantry and courtly niagnificencc—Not to exa£l the homage ot a depressed and impoverished people, or the blind adulation of a host of slaves—Not to interrupt the labors of the industrious iri their fcvcral occupations, or to disturb the tranquility of domestic life, by being attended with a splendid mefcenaly military guard. —No.—Far other objects give rife to the prelent excursion. Salem theprote&ion of Heaven, and the affe£lionsof a grateful people,he wants, he has no other guard ; being attended only by his Secreta ries, and a few fcrvants; and though the spontaneous and affe£fion ate relpe&s of an.enlightened community arc the richcft reward of patrioufm, yet we have every reafonto suppose, that the President will receive it as the highell evidence of attachment to his person for the people todilpenle with every species of parade that may prove inconvenient to themselves, or may interfere with the prune obje£l of his journey. fcxtratt oj a letter from Richmond, Virginia, Oil. 7. We had a feverc froft here on the night of the lft inft. wliich de stroyed the greatest part of the Tobacco which was not cut : Some suppose there will be near halt the crop loft through the State. " Let the public be forewarned that the time is now come, in which jealousy will begin to throw out her fufpicionsi There have been al most innumerable applicants for public otfices, many of them men of no genius, and generally of 110 induflry ; who wished to live an easy life on public support. All these are disappointed, and will wish 10 revenge themselves, by inlinua-' tions against the deligns of government, and the favored persons who manage our great inrerefts. Like an honefl people, let us despise every attempt of this nature, until the government hath had time to operate, we shall then know its excellen cies, and can remedy itsdefecfts if there be any." It maybe of service toooferve the different operations ot the human mind,with refpeft to the fimeobjeft. While the friends to the new Constitution are anticipating every benign effe&from its influence and operation, its enemies paint to their frighted imagi nation?, a horrible group of tyrants, state locusts and all the con comitants of slavery. Education has always been an objeel of the firft consideration with the nioft enlightened nacions- Duringthe existence of the degrading feudal fyf teni, the importance of Education was loft, for the commonalty being the property oft heir chieftains, it became the interest of their imperious lords to keep their vaflals in a state of ignorance : When mankind began to emerge into day, and learning acquired its pofleflors influence and reipecft, the wealthy found means to appropriate its advanta ges to themselves—Hence rose the institutions of expensive colleges, and universities, from which the poor derived little or no advantage—and by the help of superior endowments of mind, the rich added to their immense wealth, and perpe tuating the remains of feudal tenures, kept the people ftillin a state of slavery. This fyftemdid not however long continue, for learning soon spread its benign influences among the inferior orders, and in its progress opened the way for freedom : Ignorance andflavery are not more in timately conned.ed, than knowledge and liberty. The institution of inferior schools for the benefit of the people at large, must depend on the will of an enlightened majority of the people : In a free country therefore, the people must look to them selves for those institutions with which their own particular advantages are most intimately connetTt ed : The rich, as they have it in their power, can always avail themselves of the means of learning fortheir own children, and if the people are neg ligentand remiss, they must fuffer the confcquen ces. Ido not know any reason that can be alfign ed, why colleges, which are supported by all, fliould be so constituted, that the rich only can be benefitted by them—or why there fhouldToe any particular place, or city, in the United States, where there is no public provifionfor the educa tion of the poor. DlED—at JierJin, on the id of June, in the $Qth year of his ageo Baron Knaphausen, the Hejfian General in America. ARRIVALS NEW-YORK. Wtdnefday, Ship Hudson, Folgicr, Dieppe, 50 days. Brig Friends, Moore, Liverpool, 66 days. BrigSandwicb, Butler, Trinidad, 36 days. Friday, Packet Sandwich, Falmouth, 39 days. Bchooner Betsy, Duggins, Honduras, 31 days. Brig Industry, Conkhn, Cape Francois, 28 days. C- 3 W ANTED, to complete Files of this paper, numbers 30,40, 43, 44, 46. and 48 .• Six pence each will be paid for either of those numbers at the office of the Editor. October 1;,
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