taught tlie relative rights of the Ruler and the
ruled, in the continual correspondence he has kept
up -with his adopted father, General
ton the hero and the statesman,
«« Who with enlightened patriots met,
" On Schuylkill's banks in close divan,
" And wing'd that arrow Cure as fate,
44 Which " afcertain'd the rights of man.''
August 9. Baron de Bezenval is to be tried
immediately. He is in fafe custody. He was ge
neral of the King's troops in the district of Paris
at the time of the revolution ; was in all the se
crets of the court party, and was the person who
wrote to the Governor of the Baftile to defend the
garrison but for twelve hours, and all would be
iafe. The people are most inveterateagainft him.
M. de Bezenval was second in command under
M.deßroglio, a particular favorite of the Queen,
with whom he had the confidence to remain until
the King returned from Paris. It was this gentle
man who peevishly observed to his uiajefty, that
as there was no further occasion for him, he would
call his carriage, and go home ; to which an old
nobleman replied, " Your carriage ! apoft-chaife
and eight you mean." It now appears, that for
his own fafety he should have followed the old
veteran's advice.
According to letters from Nantz, received on
Thursday, eleven vellels arrived there from Ame
rica, the 29th of last month, laden with wheat and
other corn. Their cargoes were disposed of the
morning after their arrival, and the ihips were
unlading as fact as poflible,to return home for frefh
cargoes, grain being verv plentiful in the Ame
rican States.
August 10. Accounts from Brest, transmitted
to the National Afl'einbly, mention that the in
habitants, uniting with the military and the ad
miralty, guard that valuable dock and harbour
with the utmost vigilance, as well as thefea ports
on the coasts of Brittanny and Normandy ; not
from apprehension of their friends the generous
En<difh, but to prevent any black acT: of treachery
on the part of their wicked and implacable inter
nal enemies. They request a chief to be sent them,
and express awifhthatit lhouldbe M. D'Eftaing.
The Aflembly have consequently seconded their
defice by a deputation to the King.
All advices from Vienna agree that the revolu
tion in Franee has entirely changed the politics
of the imperial cabinet, and a speedy peace is now
the general expe«ftation; the flame of freedom is
spreading faftinthe Low Countries, and it is high
time for Joseph to look at home.
The inquisition is now the only grand engine
of tyranny remaining in Europe. But that is very
far from pofleffing the power it formerly had :
the late King abridged them so far, that every
proceeding is obliged to be laid before him, and
no person punished without full proof of the
fact.—By a gentleman who lately resided in Spain,
we are allured that the inquisition is now little
more than a bugbear ; there has been no Auto-de-
Fe for many years. The last one worth mention
ing was above a century ago, in the year 1680.
N E W-Y O R K, October 17.
By the SANDWICH PACKET, Capt. , who
left Falmouth the 7th ult. we have received
Papers to the First September—from which we
have time to fele<flonly the following articles.
PARIS, August 27.
WE are come to the fatal crisis at last—bread is very scarce :
To have a two pound loaf, or half a four pound one, the
maids are forced to go and stand before the bake-houses at four
o'clock in the morning, and wait there in. their turn ; each of them
receives a number, according to priority of time. So equal a
diftin&ion now prevails in the anti-rhambers of men in power,
or diftinguiftied personages ; if any body, for instance, presents
himfelf to the Marquis de la Fayette, a number is given him, and
he is obliged to wait till that number is called. It has lately hap
pened that a person has been three days before his turn came : Such
has been the hurry of business with that General, whofc esteem
and admiration are daily increasing.
Mr. Brissot de Warvilie has presented to the Hotel de
Ville his new plan for the municipality of the town of Paris.
The plan of municipality has been read to all the districts, and
with some few exceptions appears to be generally approved of.
Children, always driving to imitate grown persons, are con
stantly parading on a Sunday or holiday, the streets and gardens
fcf Paris, in a kind of militia-patrole. In order to have every
thing compleat, they were carrying last Sunday in the Luxemborg
'wo dead cats fixed on poles.
The celebrated painter, M. David, has been advised not to
fend his picture of Brutus, facrificing his two sons, to the exhibi
tion this year. The fame advice has been given to M. Barbier,
who has drawn the portrait of the Grenadier who hoiftcd the
colors on one of the Baftile-towers.
Some balls have been found in the walls of the Baftile, levelled
against that tremendous castle, by the great Conde, in fche minor
ity of Lew is XlVth. They have been sent, by the engineers, to
the Marquis de la Fayette, with the following compliments—
The present we offer you, Sir, is worthy of you only ; it is neither
gold, nor jewels : It is 'iron and balls ; balls that have been dis
covered in the ruins of the cave of despair, and the dun
cion of grief and bondage : Vouchlafe to accept them; the
spoils of despotism are the noblefl: trophies one can dedicate to
tiie citizen, and the hero, whom public liberty has found for a
defender in both hemispheres."
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, Augujl 23.
Thei6th, 17th, and 18th articles of the Declaration ef Rights,
from the 6th bureau, contained the liberty of religious opinions.
These were examined this morning. All the members agreed
that opinions ought to be free; the difficulty was, to know how
far public worlhip should be so. The fallowing questions were
debated with great warmth, and rendered the arguments extreme
ly interesting on both fides :—Cau opinions be free when the pub
lic worftiip is not ? Or is that free when liberty is not equal for
\ a ll ? Can there be a predominancy or preference of a part,without
there being some obftruclion or servitude in the other ?" Viscount
Mi r abe au was of opinion, that the liberty of religious opinions
(honld be separated fronj wiiat concerns the public worship ; the
former to be mentioned m th~ Declaration of Rights, the latter
in the Conftitutiou. The Ke'lorof Vieu'C Posflange laid, a
religion, which was charity itlelt, ought to be inclined to tolera
tion, and was even for admitting different manners of Worship,
provided they did ncjt trouble the public order. M. Raband de
St. Edennf. rose, and refling hisargument on the very firit words
of the Declaration of Rights, " Men are born and remain equal in
rights," concluded thatthey had an equal right to,the liberty of
their opinion, and public worship. There can be no liberty, fays
he, without that of opinions, nor anv liberty of religious opinions
without that ol worship. If the predominant worship dominates
otherwifc than by truth and persuasion, all others are oppreflTed
and no longer free." The Bishop of Lyda spoke very sensibly
on toleration, but (hewed the neceflity of setting some bounds
to if. He introduced the examples of England and Holland,
wheie Protestantism was the predominant religion, in the mid ft of
liberty which is highly refpetted. " How is that liberty highly
refpecked in England, fhrcwdlv remarked a member, when a man
who celebrates a mass is hung ?" There would be no end were
we to report all the changes, alterations, and even new articles
that were proposed. The Prcfident read the following article,
which forms the tenth of the Declaration, and was approved of by
a majority of the members. " No person js to be molelled for
his opinions, not even for his religious ones, provided his manifeft
ing them does not trouble the public ones established by the law."
The amendments constituted two thirds of the sentence. Religious,
was the firft ; even the second ; provided his manifefling them does
not trouble the public order, thethird : and ejlablijhid by the law, the
fourth. Theie difcuflions plainly evince that the Clergy, aremaft
ers of the field now, and in a specious manner they can get any
amendment pafled, one after another.
M. N T ECKARdid not go to the Aflembly vefterdav, on account
of hi< health. He sent the following apology : I had presumed
too much, Mr. President, on my strength and my health, in an
nouncing to you that I (hould wait this day on your honorable
aflembly. I shall address to you to-morrow the rcfle&ions I in
tended to read. Deign, Sir, to accept the homage of my excuses,
and bethe inter preter of my regret."
M. de Montmorency proposed the 13th article for the De
claration, containing a power of changing the Constitution after a
limited time, as Solon and Locke were of opinion. The debates
on this fubjett were postponed till the next meeting.
L O tt D O N* Sept. I*
Let those who indulge themselves in ridicule of the French As
sembly consider, firit
That they have abolished the game laws that still difgface Bri
tain.
Thatthey have abolished tythes, that in every part of the south
ern kingdoms, as welt as in Ireland, grind the industrious yeo
manry, and oppress agriculture.
That they have abolished all pensions, except those conferred
for a&ual services rendered to the country.
That they have made it an article that no Minister nor civil
placeman (hall be permited to fit and vote in the National Aflen^bly.
Thatthey have abolished all heriots, fines, recoveries, and other
rights of fuperiority,,which are still in this kingdom the fubjett
of inceflant hardship and litigation.
That they have declared every citizen, whatever may be his re
ligious persuasions, eligible to every office of State, and to every
honor in the gift of the crown.
Without refering to the grand revolution which they have ac
complished, who will aflert that these things are frivolous ?
DIFFERENCE OF TIMES.
In 1655, w h?n the Parliament of Paris were a (Tern bled on ac
count of some edicts, Louis XIV, who was at that time not above
seventeen years of age, went from Vincennes in a hunting dress,
attended by his whole Court, and entering the Parliament cham
ber in jack boots and a whip in his hand, made use of these very
words, accompanied by such a look, that, as a French historian
remarks, " his eyes spoke more fenlibly than his mouth."
" The mifchietsyour Ademblv produces are well known. I
command von to break up those you have begun upon my edi£ts—
and, Mr. President, I forbid you to permit these Aflemblies, and
any of you to demand them."
The command or conttow/that Louis XV I. hasonthe Three Estates
of the Kingdom, is too well known to need any comment.
The King has given fix thousand muskets to the city guard of
Paris.
The papers further state that the Prince de Cobourg has gained
a victory over the Turks, in which thev left 1600 dead on the
field. The Turks also loft 100 waggons loaded with military
stores. That two capital houses have failed at Peterfburgh, for
one million roubles. That the National Aflembly of France
have agreed to a bill of rights, arid resolved that all inferior officers
of government should be equally responsible as the heads of it ; and
that the Chief should be alone excepted. That Count Lally
had proposed, the Aflembly of 1200 members being unweildy,
that it would beadvifeable to reduce the whole representation to
300 or 400 members. That the Swedes have beat the Ruffians
in the late naval engagement. —Buckles, rings, &c. arc made in
Paris, set with ftoncs takeh from the ruins ot the Baftilc ; and are
called " Conjlitution buckles, &c. The triumph of liberty in France
is now conndered as certain: —That she is spreading her benign in
fluences—The fubje&s ol the Bilhop of Liege has demanded and
obtained a recognition of their rights.—The inhabitants of A
vignon request to be treed hom the dominion of Rome—The
cities and towns in the Austrian Netherlands talk of uniting them
selves with France.
That Spain also from its renowned honor, forefight, and deli
berate courage, may be expe&cd to begin a political reformation.
Repeated accounts from Seville, Barcelona and Lisbon prove be
yond a doubt that the feeds of liberty are planted in the opinions
of the gentry, nobility, and common people of those places.—
Two thirds of the Baftile are down, and 700 men labor from fix
in the morning to fix in the evening to demolish the remainder.
The King of France has lately had a suit of cloaths made which
are the Paris militia uniform.-—.The funds of St. Luke's Hofpita),
London,amount to ninety thousand eight hundred sixty four pounds
two (hillings and ten pence, cxclufive of the buildings, See. The
Grand Vizier has lately been beheaded at Constantinople, and his
property, amounting to one million sterling, confifeated : His
wife, mother, brother, and filler, were put to the torture, in order
to discover their riches ! ! May theJire ojf LibertyJoon be enkindled in
this region of infernal despotism : Great disturbances and outrages
appear to have taken place in various parts of France, but then
they appear to have been perpetrated by a banditti of stragglers :
The provinces are taking effectual measures to fupprefsthem : The
provincial aflemblies are pouring in their addrefles to the National
Aflembly; and heartily joining them in all their plans for efta
bliihing the freedom of the country ; and eradicating every
vestige of feudal tyranny.
BOSTON, OCTOBER 10.
A letter from a gentleman, a native of Halifax, to his friend
inthis town, Sept. 16. 1789, shews, in the following observations,
that even in the chilly regions of Nova-Scotia, the ideas of liberty
are beginning to be entertained, viz.—" By the papers we find,
that the French are making (till greater and more rapid strides
towards a revolution. What a glorious political light have the
Americansticld forth to the benighted Europeans, hitherto (tum
bling in the darkness of bigotry—that fatal veil, which has long
prevented the bright beams of knowledge from visiting their
minds. The bieflings of American freedom seem already to spread
its influence far and wide ; doubtless its national chara&er will be
held in high estimation by all succeeding age?, and its name rc-
Cered by generations yet unborn." «
The regiment Which piques itfelf on being the oldest military
corps not only in France, but in the world, claiming to have ex
isted as a body since the days ot Pontius Pilate, to whom the re
giment had served as guards, has rcfufed to serve against the peo
ple. When questioned on that head by their officers, they laid,
" Our regiment has always borne the glorio6s nnme of the regi
ment without spot orftain; and it ihall be our care never to make
it forfeit so honorable a name, by imbruing our hands in the blood
of our countrymen.
We read, in a London paper of the Bth of August, that Mr.
Sheridan has openly acrufed Mr. Pitt of having employed
more than two millions in fomenting the intestine div.fions ot
France If the Miniftcr is thus accused, and can not shew how
that sum has been employed which is deficient in the trealury, it
will be no longer difficult to account for the very great anxiety of
the Duke of Dorset.
NEW-YORK, OCTOBER 17.
Last Thurlday morning the President of the United States
fat out OTI his tour east, in his chariot and four, accompanied by
T. Lear, Esq. and Major Jackson, two of his Secretaries, on
horseback;
The Chief Justice of the United States, the Secretary of the Trea
sury, and the Secretary at War efcortcd the Prclidcnt a lew miles
on his journey.
To the innumerable instances of more than paternal attention to
the intercftsofthe United States, theprefent journey is now added ;
and the universal approbation of the meaiure, expressed by all
ranks of citizens, affords the happiest prefagesol its being attend
ed with those salutary confequenccs, the hope of which 01 iginated
the design.
Not for the purposes of empty parade, or to acquirc the ap
plaufeof gaping multitudes—Not for the display of royal pageantry
and courtly niagnificencc—Not to exa£l the homage ot a depressed
and impoverished people, or the blind adulation of a host
of slaves—Not to interrupt the labors of the industrious iri
their fcvcral occupations, or to disturb the tranquility of domestic
life, by being attended with a splendid mefcenaly military guard.
—No.—Far other objects give rife to the prelent excursion. Salem
theprote&ion of Heaven, and the affe£lionsof a grateful people,he
wants, he has no other guard ; being attended only by his Secreta
ries, and a few fcrvants; and though the spontaneous and affe£fion
ate relpe&s of an.enlightened community arc the richcft reward of
patrioufm, yet we have every reafonto suppose, that the President
will receive it as the highell evidence of attachment to his person
for the people todilpenle with every species of parade that may
prove inconvenient to themselves, or may interfere with the prune
obje£l of his journey.
fcxtratt oj a letter from Richmond, Virginia, Oil. 7.
We had a feverc froft here on the night of the lft inft. wliich de
stroyed the greatest part of the Tobacco which was not cut : Some
suppose there will be near halt the crop loft through the State.
" Let the public be forewarned that the
time is now come, in which jealousy will begin to
throw out her fufpicionsi There have been al
most innumerable applicants for public otfices,
many of them men of no genius, and generally
of 110 induflry ; who wished to live an easy life
on public support. All these are disappointed,
and will wish 10 revenge themselves, by inlinua-'
tions against the deligns of government, and the
favored persons who manage our great inrerefts.
Like an honefl people, let us despise every attempt
of this nature, until the government hath had
time to operate, we shall then know its excellen
cies, and can remedy itsdefecfts if there be any."
It maybe of service toooferve the different operations ot the
human mind,with refpeft to the fimeobjeft. While the friends to
the new Constitution are anticipating every benign effe&from its
influence and operation, its enemies paint to their frighted imagi
nation?, a horrible group of tyrants, state locusts and all the con
comitants of slavery.
Education has always been an objeel of the firft
consideration with the nioft enlightened nacions-
Duringthe existence of the degrading feudal fyf
teni, the importance of Education was loft, for the
commonalty being the property oft heir chieftains,
it became the interest of their imperious lords to
keep their vaflals in a state of ignorance : When
mankind began to emerge into day, and learning
acquired its pofleflors influence and reipecft, the
wealthy found means to appropriate its advanta
ges to themselves—Hence rose the institutions of
expensive colleges, and universities, from which
the poor derived little or no advantage—and by
the help of superior endowments of mind, the
rich added to their immense wealth, and perpe
tuating the remains of feudal tenures, kept the
people ftillin a state of slavery. This fyftemdid
not however long continue, for learning soon
spread its benign influences among the inferior
orders, and in its progress opened the way for
freedom : Ignorance andflavery are not more in
timately conned.ed, than knowledge and liberty.
The institution of inferior schools for the benefit
of the people at large, must depend on the will of
an enlightened majority of the people : In a free
country therefore, the people must look to them
selves for those institutions with which their own
particular advantages are most intimately connetTt
ed : The rich, as they have it in their power, can
always avail themselves of the means of learning
fortheir own children, and if the people are neg
ligentand remiss, they must fuffer the confcquen
ces. Ido not know any reason that can be alfign
ed, why colleges, which are supported by all,
fliould be so constituted, that the rich only can
be benefitted by them—or why there fhouldToe
any particular place, or city, in the United States,
where there is no public provifionfor the educa
tion of the poor.
DlED—at JierJin, on the id of June, in the $Qth year of his ageo
Baron Knaphausen, the Hejfian General in America.
ARRIVALS NEW-YORK.
Wtdnefday, Ship Hudson, Folgicr, Dieppe, 50 days.
Brig Friends, Moore, Liverpool, 66 days.
BrigSandwicb, Butler, Trinidad, 36 days.
Friday, Packet Sandwich, Falmouth, 39 days.
Bchooner Betsy, Duggins, Honduras, 31 days.
Brig Industry, Conkhn, Cape Francois, 28 days.
C- 3 W ANTED, to complete Files of this paper, numbers 30,40, 43,
44, 46. and 48 .• Six pence each will be paid for either of those numbers
at the office of the Editor. October 1;,