The RIGHT CONSTITUTION of a COMMON WEALTH EXAMINED, (in continuation.) OUR author is 110 where so weak as in this reason, or under this head. He attempts to prove his point by reason and examples, but is equally unfortunate in both. First, by reason. '• The " people," fays he, " mult belefs luxurious than " kings, or great ones, becaul'ethey are bounded " within a more lowly pitch ofdelire and ima " gination : Give them but panem et tircenfes, " bread, sport and ease, and they are abundantly " latisfied." It it to be feared that this is too goad a charaifter for any people living, or that have lived. Ihe difpolition to luxury is the fame, tho the habit is not, both in plebeians, patricians and kings. When we fay their delires are bounded, we admit the desires to exist. Ima gination is as quick in one as in the other. It is demanding a great deal to demand " bread, and " sports, and ease." No one can tell how farthefe termsntay extend. If by bread is meant a fub fiitence, a maintenance in food and clothing, it will mount up very high ; if by sports be meant cock-fighting, horse-racing, theatrical represen tations, and all the species of cards, dice, and gambling, no mortal philosopher can fathom the depth of this article; and if with " bread" and " sport" they are to have " ease" too, and by ease be meant idleness, an exemption from care and labor, all three together will amount to as much as ever was demanded for nobles or kings, and more than ought ever to be granted,to either. But let us grant all this for a moment; wefliould be disappointed ; tliepromifed " abundant satis " faction," would not be found. The bread muftfoonbe of the fineft wheat; poultry and gib bier mull be added to beef and mutton ; tertainments would not be elegant enough after a time ; moreexpence mult be added :—lnlhort, contentment is not inhuman nature ; there is no pallion, appetite, or affection for contentment. To amuse and Hatter the people with compliments of qualities that never exilted in them, is not the duty or the right of a philosopher or legislator ; he mull forma true idea and judgment of man kind, and adapt hisinllitutions to farts, not com pliments. An ESSAY on FREE TRADE and FINANCES. (Continued from No. LI1I.) THE fell erne of ifluing any more continental money, I take for granted, no body will think of, and therefore I conclude, that all the ways and means which have hitherto beentryed, have proved utterly inefficient for the purpose : And 1 further conceive, that it will be allowed, that the mode I propose, if put into practice, would be lufficient. I further contend, that no other mode within our reach, is or can be equally eafv to the people, and equally productive of Ef ficient money for the various purposes of our uni on ; this is then the only practicable way our union can be supported, and of course the union depends on it, and without it, mult inevitably fall to pieces. To fay all this, may be thought ■very prcfumption in an individual; be it so, ft ill I am fafe, for 110 man can contradi«ft me, who is not able to find and explain some other way of supply, equally easy to the people, and equally productive of all the money which the support of the union requires : But in as much as the eagerness of enquiry for several years past has not been able to discover any such other mode, I conclude there is 110 fucli, and of course, the one I have proposed is the only one that can be adopted, to faveourunion from diilolution ; and Wilder the impression of this full persuasion, may I be permitted to address our public administra tion, not only in Congrcfs, but in all the states, in the ftronglanguage of Lord Chatham ; set me down as an ideot, if you do not adopt it, or rue your neglecft ; and 'tis not certain that, our pof tei ity in the next age, and all our neighbours in the present, will not set you down for ideots, if you don't adopt it fooy, before the mifchiefs it is designed to obviate, lhall grow up to such de cree cf magnitude and strength, as to become incapable of remedy ; for what can they think when they fliall fee that you fuffer our union' which is committed to your care, to fall topieces under your hands, because you will not attempt it that support, which to fay the least of it, is inlts nature practicable, and the due prac tice of which would produce the great remedy required. But you will fay perhaps, we admit your prin ciple to be just and good, but we cannot raise our ideas up tv your height of scale or degree of im pojl ; your tax is too high, it grafts too mi<ch, and is thereby in danger of lofntg all, it will scare our people out of their wits. I don't think muchof this, if the wits which the people now have, are not fufficient for tlieir salvation, it matters little how soon they are feared out of them ; but 'tis not certain that their wits are so volatile, their is at least a possibility, a chance that they may have wit enough to adopt the reniedv, that will prevent those which (if iiot prevent ed) will soon drive them out of their fecuriry their property —their national honor—their coun try and wits too ; at least I think it needless for you to loofc your wits, for fear the people will loose theirs. But I would ask you seriously, do you think thatalefs scale of tax than that which I propose, would be fufficiently productive for the publick service, or thefupportof the union ? I think you mult probably fay no, on the bare pre fujnption, (for the produce of an untryed tax, can't be reduced to a certainty) to what purpose then, I further ask, would it be to set on foot so expensive and troublefonie an operation, which when computed, would be utterly inadequate to its purposes ; or what funds have you, out of which you expe<ft to draw the deficiency ? If there is any wisdom or effort in our councils and plans, tliey mull reach through ; they must connect the means with the end, and make the one adequate to the other. Would you not laugh at a sailor, who should moor a fliip with an inch rope, and so loose the fliip, for fear his owners should find fault with him for wetting a cable. Where means are inadequate to their end, they become ridiculous, especially when adopted in matters of consequence, people lose all confi dence in their effects, and therefore lose all cou rage and inducement to ufeftrong efforts to make them operate. lam clearly of opinion, if our people have loft their confidence in our public councils, and are backward in pushing them into practice, the re a foil is, not becaufethey areftupid and blind to their interelts, or wanting in zeal to promote them, but because their courage is all worn out and their patience exhausted, by a seven years course of visionary, ineffectual, ill contriv ed and half digested plans, which promised lit tle in theory, but constantly in practice, proved the baseless fabricks of avifion, and vanished at last, not only without use, but with consequences very detrimental to our national character of integrity and wisdom, as well as to the interests and morals of our people ; not the least discourag ing of all which, was this constant effect which they all had, viz. that thofeftates or individuals, which promoted them with molt zeal, ardor and effort, always loft most by them. (To be continued.) NEW-YORK, OCTOBER 17. L AST Tuefdaya Deputation from the Society of Friends, waited on the President of the United States, and presented him with the following Addrefu ° The Address of the Religious Society called Qjuikers, Jrom their yearly meeting for Pen-nfylvanin, New Jersey, Delaware and the vieflern farts of Mary land and Virginia— To the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES. BEING met in this our annual Assembly, for the well ordering the affairs of our religious so ciety, and the promotion of universal righteous ness, our minds have been drawn to consider, that the Almighty, who rulcth in Heaven, and in the kingdoms of men, having permitted a great re volution to take place in the government of this country ; —we are fervently concerned that the Rulers of the People may be favored with the counfe! of God—the only sure means of enabling theni to fulfil the important trust committed to their charge ; and in an especial manner, that divine wifdoin and grace,vouchsafed from above, may qualify thee to fill up the duties of the ex alted station to which thou art appointed. We are sensible thou haft obtained great place in the elteem and affections of people of all de nominations over whom thou prefideft; and ma ny eminent talents being committed to thy trust, we much desire they may be fully devoted to the Lord's honor and l'ervice—that thus thou mayll be an happy instrument in his hand, for the fup preffionof vice, infidelity and irreligion, and e very fpccies of oppreflion on the persons or con sciences of men, fothat righteousness and peace which truly exalteth a nation, may prevail throughout the land, as the onlyfblid foundation that can be laid for the prosperity and happiness of this or any country. 1 he free toleration which the citizens of tliefe States enjoy in the public worship of the Almigh ty agreeable to the dilates of their confidences we esteem among the choicest of blellings ; and as we desire to be filled with fervent charity for those who differ from us in matters of faith and pravflice, believing that the general aflembly of Saints is composed of the sincere and upright heart ed of all nations, kingdoms and people so we trust, we may justly claim it from others ; and in a full perfuafiop that the divine principle we profefs, leads unto harmony and concord, we can take no part in carrying on war on any occasion or under any power, but are bound in conscience to lead quiet and peaceable lives, in godliness and lionefty, amongst men, contributing; freelv our proportion to the indigencies of the poor and to the neceilary support of civil government' acknowledging thofethat rule well to be worthy of double honor ; and if any profeffmjr with us are or have been of a contrary difpofieion or con duct, we own them not therein, havino- never been chargeable from our firft establishment as a religions society, with fomenting or couiuenanc ing tumults or coufpiracies, or difrefp e « t0 tU , who are placed in authority over us. We wiih not improperly to intrude on thy time or patience, nor is jt our practice to offer aduh tion to any, but as we are a people whose p,-i, pies and conduct have been mifreprelented ami traduced—we take the libertv to allure thee tint we leel our hearts affectionately drawn toward, thee and those in authority over us, with prayers that thy Preiidency may, under the bleiW of Heaven, be happy to thy fell" and to the people that through the encreafe of morality and true religion, divine Providence may condescend to look down upon our land with a propitious eve and bless the inhabitants with the continuance of peace, the dew of Heaven, and the fatnels of the earth; and enable us gratefully to acknowledge his maniiold mercies ; and it is our earnest con cern, tliathe may be pleased to grant thee every neceflary qualification to fill thy weighty and im portant station to his glory, and that finally, when all tenelliul honors shall tail and pals away, thou and thy refpecftable consort may be found Worthy to reccive a crown of unfading righteousness in the mansions of peace and joy forever. Signed in and 071 behalf of the said netting, held in Philadelphia by adjournments from thei&tb of the <)th month, to the id day of the loth ,/tonth in clupve, 1789. RICHARD WALN, Clerk. The A/ij-wer of the President of the United St ates, to the Ad dress of the religious Society called (Quakers, from their yearly meeting far Pcnnjylvania, NNew-Jerseyy y Delaware, g.ni tbi ■wejteru parts of Maryland and Virginia. G ENILEMEN, I RECEIVE with pleasure your affectionate address, and thank you for the friendly fentiwents andgood wiflies which you express fortheluccefs of my adminilh ation and for my perfoual hap. pinefs. We have reason to rejoice in the prospect, that the national government which hy the favor of divine Providence was formed by the common councils, and peaceably eltablifhed with the com mon consent of the people, will prove a bleffiug to every denomination of them ; to render it luch my belt endeavors shall not be wanting. Go vernment being among other purposes inliituted to protedl the persons and consciences of men from opprellion, it certainly is the duty of rulers not only to abstain from it themfelves,but accord ing to their ltations to prevent it in others. The liberty enjoyed by the people of these States of worlhiping Almighty God agreeably to their consciences is not only among the choicelt of their bleflings, but also of theirrights—whilemen perform their social duties faithfully, they do all that society or the State can with propriety ex petft or demand, andremain refponlible only to their Maker for the religion or mode of faith which they may prefer or profefs. Your princi ples and condud: are well known to me, audit is doing the people called Quakers no more than justice tofay,that (except their declining to lhare with others the burthen of the common defence) thereis no denomination among us who are more exemplary and ufeful citizens I allure you ve ry explicitly that in my opinion the conscientious scruples of all men fliould be treated with great delicacy and tendernefs,and it is my wiih and de sire that the laws may always be as extensively accommodated to them as a due regard to the protection and ellential interests of the nation may juftify and permit. (Signed) E WASHINGTON. HEALTH. MANY pcrfons fuffer in their health from causes which might easily be avoided : Bad air is vefy deftru&ive to health. I will mention a circumstance but little attended to : Many complain that their cellars will not keep meat, butter, &c.—tbe reason generally is, that there is no circulation of air in their cellars; con fined air corrupts, and will corrupt meat or vegetables if put into it; therefore to remove the air complained of, every cellar should have windows to admit a conflant flream of frelh air ; in summer the windows should be the northern fide the house; in winter lef* air is necefTary, but some mull be admitted. The greatest evil arising from corrupted air in cellars is, it ls constantly mixing with the air in the house, and by its poisonous effluvia endangers the health of the family. From thiscaufe un doubtedly fatal sickness has often been produced. PRICE CURRENT. NEW-YORK. Jamaica Spirits, - sfy- Antigua Rum, - 4^o. St. Croix, do. - 4/6. Country, do. - - 2/10. MolafTes, - 2J2. 0 2JI. Brandy, * $fg. a 6f. Geneva, ... sfo. Do. in cases, - • 28/T a 2gf. Muscovado Sugar, - - Sojl a 7 2 f> Loaf, do. - - y3 m Lump, do. - - y l g* Pepper, - - - 3.f: Pimento, - St/ 2, a 2/. Coffee, - - xfo, o- l j9* Indigo, (Carolina) - - 31- a Rice, - - 24J. o- 2 3f- Superfine Flour, - 4 %/' Common do. - - 43/ a 4.5> Rye do. - 26f. 0. 27/ Indian Meal, - 1 ' R\e, - - 49/ pr. bush. Corn, (Southern) Do. (Northern,) - 4/j- a iJ ' Beef, firft quality, - - 4. a Pork, firfl quality, - I Publiihed by JOHN FENNO, No'. 9, Maiden* Lan e, wear the Ofecgo-Market, l' r ' &
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