. , . ... . • • A. - •-! - 1.; . . - . -- 4,. . , ,.,.. ../ ~,...., .? ~ • .•., ~ . A, •,. , • A...., ' t4l. 14, .ii / '.• „"/„... , 1 x ... 1' 4 • •.;(: 1: ~.. --t1„ . ' 4% #4 . D‘, A ;ev ' 1 1 . . - , • - '.. ' -it ..• ...Lb ;.' • ' .1 ...." ‘.%. 4 t + 1 ....- ... ..a . ' 4 . . ti ~`'.. - , ,;.,,, f , . - . 1. i t s -,. , ~, ,1,,• ls i. /a a. ' ei . 4. • :: 4' .: 4 ' . ... zi4. f y" .:47 4 ,• ; ,„• ' - . f". -,-.. ; .1. 0 P., .{ •:4' ~N. r..,. k - ,..,, ; - . ,..) . r ; •-,, 4 1 , ..-,. ~., •• • 4.1.1 - . r 7 . ~4. t. .... ' , . . • 0 . 4 .., . . D. A. BUEHLER, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR ,VO,L, POETRY. THE EEIVUTIFUL LAN D. ny 111031 AS MACKELLAII, There is a land immortal, The beautiful of lands ; Beside the ancient portal A sentry grimly stand.;. He only can undo it, Anil open wide the door; And mortals who pass through it, Are mortals never more. That p,loriiitis !mulls ITeaven, And Death the sentry grim The Lord therefore has given The opening keys to hirn. And ransomed spirits sighing And sorrowful for sin, Do pass tiw gate in dying, And freely enter in. Though dark and drear the passage That I( adeth to the gate, i'et grace comes with the meFsage, To souls that watch and wait And, at the time appointed, A messenger conies down, And leads the Lord's annointed From th' cross to glory's crown, Their sighs are lost in singing, They're bles-ed in their tenr,(; Their journey hea‘eliwaril winging ( They leave to earth their fears. Death like an angie seerneth; "We welcome thee," they e ry; Their lace with glory heasneth,_ 'Tis life for then( to (lie. POLITI CA L 11.E . 111A IRKS OF HON. ANDREW STEWART, OF PENNSYLVANIA, In deftnec of the Protective Policy—dc livered in the House of Ryiesen . latives, on 1-Ith Alarch and 271 h Jlay, 1816. Mr. S TI:WAtIT said he regretted that this great question of national protection, the most import ant-that could possibly occupy the attention of American statesmen, was constantly resolved by gentlemen on the other side into a mere question .of party. Separated from the pernicious itillucn ces of piny, lie was sure there could be but one opinion 111)01) the subject. The contest was i'or the ./Imerfran Iturrkel. For, ignerr, and ospecially the British, wets the parties on the one side, tind the .Ihiori , mis on the other ; and the only question was, ‘vhich side should NN 0 take? Ily adopting " frer-tra de - We give our market to Fm-cipiers—by adhering to l'rotcctiott. we secure both to our peo ple. Disguise it as you will, this is the tree and only question -to be decided,. and the fate oc it)). country depo-'"" • i •••- .``!'"".. 1 1!) tletnen . •vould decide n lavor o f their own country of theft - own farmers, mechanics, and la nolin); men—that they would protect their 01111 people employed in the fields and in the wink shops, and . in the conversion of our 01%11 :12,Tielii111- ral produce into articles Mr use, instead of import ing them from abroad; Mr it was demonstrable that more than one-half of the hundred millions of 'dollars annually sent abroad to purchase foreign goods, went to pay for foreign agricultural pm duce worked up in these goods by labor employed and ltd in foreign countries instead of our own. Mr. S. begged gentlemen upon this great Amer ican question to separate themselves from party prejudice, and come up to Its Coll,ldellllloll in 0 true American spirit. It was a question that soared liar above and beyond the reach of mete party interests and p aty considerations. Why, then, these party appeals l \\ - as it becaose gen tlemen were atraid to meet the question on its own intrinsic and independent merits—was this the motive of these appeals to the poor, pitiful and paltry purposes 01 party politics No. Let this great question of protecting• American Industry be discussed on great, broad American principles and it would be so discussed by every one who had a title American heart in his bosom. Mr. S. said he would now proceed to answer the arguments that lint been urged aga.inst Pro tection and in thvor of Frce-trade, and then give his own views as to the hue Atneiican policy to be adopted ;mil maintained by this country; and in doing so, he would study clearness tint sim plicity. for "truth needs not the, foreign aid of or nament ;" he would state facts—facts which he was prepared to establish by official or other con clusive evidence, with the in,ferences dednci ble I . rom them--and he would submit them with confidence to the candor and good sense , of this llouse and of the American people. In the first place, then, he would notice some of the arguments urged upon all occasions against protection, and just now repeated by the gent leman from Alabama, (Mr. Payne,)avho had spoken last. THE EITECT pROTEcTiv E DUTIES ON PRICES The first argument of the gentleman had been the position that the effect of a protectiVe tariff was oppressive, especially on the poor, and on the interests of agriculture. and labor. }low *as it oppressive upon these ! No other interest in the country was half as much benelitted by the taritf as the farmeis, and mechanics, and won]; inemcn. The gentleman said that it injured them by in creasing the price of mannfitetured commodities ; for the gentleman's first assertion was, that pro tection did inVariahly increase the price of the ar tieles protected. Now, in reply, Mr. S. would distinctly put forth this assertion, to which he challenged contradiction, viz : that Mete never was protective duty levied in this country on any article which we could and did mantilacture ex tensively, Which bad not resulted in bringing down the t•rice of that article; and he challenged gen tlemen to point him to a single instance in refi,r ence to which this was not true. The prices of commodities, instead of being raiFed by protection, had been reduced to one-third, one-fou'rth, and even to one-tenth and one-twelfth of what had been' paid for them when imported from abroad. The gentleman, if he had - walked up to the Fair, might there have seen . American cotton, such as huh cost, when the enormous minimums wen first im posed for its protection by Mr. Lowndes and Air. Calhoun, S 5 cents a yard. now ready to .be deliv ered -in-any' quantity_,_ond of better quality, at 7 cents ; and wool ten. sold in IS 10 at tin, selling, of superior quality, _for :15 cents; and these articles :Acme siihject to the very:highest du ties id the whole catalogue—proving, di.:fyond all coittc.stat.om the truth of the proposition denoun ced as an absurdity by the gentleman, that thei highcst duties. often produce the lowest prices, when !evict! Upon articles which we can supply to the intent o f our 'own w :out Here was fuel result of American industry. skill, and improve lett free to ....et out their own energie , ..; ,wenpy, fully IN 4 arphipri•: 07c it t h!”-at 1 to. di:tufting tied deLtruc 'tire c o m p e titi on of the 'ma t ter labor of Europe.' noose pot together. In the case of vested capi- I The gentleman asked whether all this Mr. s. had mentioned the article of cotton. because tat the tariff It done its work;' it had built the ibenefit did not grow out of a tax Upon the, it afforded a striking illustration of the general manalactories np ; it had introduced improved (r :;30eti ? 'Ali% S. would answer the etitle dortriii.2, show i n ., t h at t h e m inimums , the highest machinery and increased skill ;it bad done ail i . . s, protective duties, had produced the greatest reduc- that fixed capital required. vested capital was man; i f these factories were built by go v lion of prices. B u t the same thing was true, to a not.: ot: its left—it could get along without help. ernment, then this might, to sonic extent, greater or less extent, with respect to every pro- They had exported•during the last year bettveen be true. Batt they were built not by Gov tected article in the entire list. .:11r. S. stated t o , f our an d ii v ,, million:, of dollars worth of cotton erunient, but by individual enterprise ; and controvertible matters of fart. Ile challin ghl cloth ; they had beaten the lhitish out of their W hat sort of a lax was it upon the South to contradiction—he courted investigation—he defied own markets. The great manufacturers of these • 1 , They had gi . ye tn , ein netter goods for one-fourth the gentlemen to disprove an stout of what he had as- goods temed no foreign competition ; , seated. And , to put this truth in the strongest overcome that, ;mil Great Brm i i n was compe ll e d Pi laT tneV formerly paid. Mr. S. caul . light, he repeated that the highest and m ost oh. to impose disciiminating duties in her East India that he was very sorry that hrs excellent noxious duties, those abhorred niiiiim nos, against colonies on American cottons—fits S, then to, friend from S. Carolina should feel such which gentlemen had wasted such furious dentin- and finally I 5 and Q 0 per cent., to enable het man- ' d eep regret at the prosper i ty o f N . Eng . eiations, presented precisely the very cases Where tiracturers to keep the possession of her own col ' laud. tflie thought .N. England was get the reduction of price had been the greatest.— ritual markets. Our manufacturers h aul thus ; . Tho::e dmies, it had been said, now amounted to beaten down British eompetion in the Chinese i ling rich by manufactures, he would ad -2 and :Pm per cent. ad valorem. And why' Ile- and other Ibreign markets. What invested eapi- , vise him to go hoMe and do likewise—to cause 'they were fixed specific duties. They re- rat now frilled, teas American competition at folloW their example, and grow rich- also. stained stationary h owe v er pr i ces m i g h t c h ange; home. But gentlemen exultingly sa y, it you can i 'l'he gentleman said that the planters of the ;1:1(1, of course, as the price went (Imam, the duty beat the foreigner, what do you want with pro- Smith were workinrr the whole year for a bore a larger and still l arg er proportion to it. At tection I I answer, the invested capital in these • nrobt o lour orfive per first, the, duty was , say, half the price of t h e ar id. branches don't want it. But I want it, not to fa- , . f . ''cent., while the .. manufactin n• •of v i ew 1 turland were de ; as the price declined ; the duty bec(llite equal. vor them, but to encourage further investmen,s,l . 1 .. ':' •t, get to the price ; then it became greater than the and build up competion elsewhere. The p rotec .; ling forty or fifty. This was a great ,Cr price: then double the price; aid at length !midi; ; tire tartitaked a g ainst them that very compidi- F roe—but, if true, was it not a free country? , and then ”eutlemen exclaimed in horror, -What lion. While advocaling, therefore, the contam- ; Who gavi! New England - exclusive privi an abominable duty! It is Tin p er cen t. on 0, atter: of Mir existing tariff, sod resisting its redue , - , 1 ., , ,, T ,, ? w hy total value of the article I V(' hat horrible pro fi ts, Belo, Mr. S. was working in the most direct an d t - ". , , ~ did not the South cirrivre flow the duty most raise the mice l - -when all , efficient manner for the interests of American la- In th e , 8:111 /e furty or fifty per cent. bust the while the duty remained the sanie. aid its et . - bor—he was re ' , sting foreign ; h e w a s go i ng f or ' ness Instead of five i working on at four or • reel had been, not to increase, but to Ming dot, it the interests of American tarmers•alof the Arnett- i Why did not they continence with coarse the price to one-third of what it was—li tt II .li I .' Can laborer , . and not flit t h e i nterests o f J ar* , fahrivs, matie from their Own cotton., just dOwn to to cents per y.trd ; and this sy.t. lohbely vested c(ipitill ; he went to destroy extslio Lt inn- as New 1.7.a,,.tand had done before them ? and plunder! And still the gentleman said it was nopoly, by increasing investments and comp,..ti. lint .\.,.. 1. , of , . an absurdity, which no man could sW;illow, to say Don—the only thing that could destioy it. It ,II ;1 . 110 IVas now passing - front that that the lighter the pro Metive ditty the Inner the ' was the gentlemen, and those who acted with n . stage, and gom,g Into the higher and finer price. Now Mr. S. would venture to say, that if them. by keeping up this tariff agitation—who' branches. The South, he was glad to the duty on iron and its manutactures Isere i t ! O . "' aijiti!! vested capital. This agitation opera- learn, were now commencing. True, they creased tomnirow nied per cent. the rapid lush of toil to check new- investments, and of course to I were capitalinto that business. and the vast increase or pi omote and s ec uie monopoly. Those were.ho wei yet in the A. 13 C of the business ; , they were in their infancy ; they wanted supply would be such, and the consequent icilue. eolnemplatin: the investment or new eapitai (ion of price so groat, that the U. ;states NVOldll would deter it. (hie would say to another, "Don't i " - , • • • the losterinir care rind protection of Gov soon supply the wallet with iron, its Capacity fo r ' build a new mill or furnace now, the tarilliS go-; Crllffielli. The tarifr on the coarse fabrics i t ,., prOtilWliOn boif): , 11011Mited. li e l i „d sla t e d , tot ; t o he ti•,l:lct.l. - MT. S. iiiww this to be true• !. was now for ther benefit. New England faats, showing' 111;11 high dmies had produced lOW I I.? had heard of twelve largo companies who had I w : anted'it no longer on the coarse, but (Th rice:4. Can the gentleman de( y them ? There intended to build furnaces in PennsylVania Ilii,. , ' tuev stand on impregnable foundations, firm as sluing, but had suspended their purpose till they , - 1 D,- on the higher and finer fabrics, in which . . the hills! Let the gentleman coil his frkialsdis. should sot what Congress would do with the tariff Lie:: were now struggling wart foreigners, . ve them as they can. ' That such is the prat -1 at the p re s to t session. Did this hurt thus,, %dm l who were endeavoring to break them down tical operation o f th e s y s k in i, folly ~d ah li Nh e d already owned mannfactming establishment, ? I by flooding - our markets with these articles liv the filet that whilst manufactures of various Ceitaiialyan , t ; it wlts the very thing; to aid them iat an under-while ; hoping to indemnify them kinds had declined to one-fourth of their honer' This g;ii e Ne 'X England a 11)011011k,ly ; it secured ; seiro „ e n ._ 1 r temporary losses hy future ex price, agrieuThwal produce and the wages. of labor in her hands that which the people in' rennsylva- I , `-','-'.• had underaone tittle or no reduction, owin g to the Ilia and the pro of the south most wanted.— 1 norbit . ant (irices,.extorted from us when roil-A.lmb/ increasing home deniand for both, re- , They wanted p r otection—New slitting from 1 t, ie p rotec tiv e p o lt iiv . 1 i i , s „h th i ffe d witionit it. Virginia wanted it, North C aolina , stroyed. England could do American competition is put down and de it as a waiter of fact, knott nto et cry man, wo., wanted i t , so did South Carolina. and Georgia. and Mr. s.: (:nirl lie had been greatly amused in;ols and child, in the country, whet , : 100111 ' 1 'w - all (he We s t * l ' i wY wanted protection to build i 1 iis the ingenious but sophisti tures exist. that they paid lets,, 1111.• Mannl',.icturol 01C111 ill) ; l'll Ni•W 'England 11)e tariff hail do ne it s ; e; - 11 r *Tentleman who had gone goods. and ro fired more for their labor and their WOlk—it had lulfilled its office. New Englandi . re might now say to this Government, "Father lain ' oh:lllations to prove that produce, owing to no Met etted demand. Yet, in nit° e: the face of diese - universally admitted facts, sic II O IS of age; I tin on my own feet ; I ca u l make , enttol' lures were now realizing are told every day on this floor, that the tariff in. my way through the N% Odd : I have met dohn 100 p tear profits, annually—yes, . - . creases prices, and robs and plunders the farintrs! Bull and beat him ; I thank you very. such for ; what on have done for me t and I will be a bur ll'ut Mr. S. wished to be understood correctly. now take care of the Ile did not say that the elket of all duties was to 1 den 00 3 ,. °11 I.') longer; dinmiish prices; on P -- - • ••-•,,..- •o• , -- ......" , Yotr i t Cr g Di 111CP.'"', '"' "'" ''''''"".Y•". lc ,rnt of l ire country was comparati vel y that I s w a s the eff e ct of sortie ditties to increase I prices. nut what he said was this : that dillies young in manufactures. They still ..needed the let ied on articles we could make to the extent of helping hand cf . government ; they wanted pro our own wants, and with a view to protect and t " ti°ll iii their in, patrt tancY*, oti N eivc ; a p e m Engl'."ill,ll ieu to was increase our own mantilactlires, did in all cases ' magnanimous an d operate, in the end, to lower prices, by increasing set., other portions of the country prosper by her example; when the ;smith and capital, competition. and simply. Ditties imposed , followin g ~,,West supplied, as they could, the coarser goods. on IM•ingn articles which we could not make our selves. woidd generally increase the prices, be. ! she would go to work on the finer fabrics. , Did not ;4entlernen see that by reducing the cause they did not increase the supply by increas %%ere checking investments in their ou n tar ing home competition. Ills position was this : 1 Er I/I° Y country and in mine, ill the Smith and V. and duties bawd jar reiTllllf CM ill tit It'S Wr' enroll! her,- seeming a mintopoly and high profits to 'tore, I;eneruily inrreapq 'wiles; whilst pi o'C'elil'e ve, , ted capital. wherever it existed. tx Melt could antics. (tried en articles err run turd ill) pilidierf, (11- be 'educed by enlarg , al competition at home? trays, in Ihe end, diminished ri ices. The truth of °III Y both these propositions was proved by podepid _ Was not this true! Was it not col - 11111On reuse? , lie put it to every man's understanding. It was ' le facts, and by all experience. And the reason not. only common sense, but, what was more, it was just as obvious as alio fact. When the Sllpp!V WitS proved by universal experience. I °ran article teas not equal to the deMand, he itd mined the immediate elk et of a high duty toi-ilit To show the practical operations of the for the moment increase the price and profits of proteetive policy, lie would lake by way its inanulactimi, but this very iticre;fse induced of illustration, the neighboring iron works capital to rush into it, and the competition acid in• at Mount Sat - t o re, near Cumberland. That crea,ed supply resulting, soon brought dowmthe ei , tablish t I I. b • 1 within q price and profits to like lowest rates, proving the , r • y ears.wen '''s ) , e . en 11111 u : ' w ' ' Some time before it was cum troth of the proposition. that the -higher the du- felt , inenceo land could be bought there for two ty, the lower the price." The imposition of a duty on an article produced here, gave an i m _ ! and three dollars an acre, which could not , poke to A lIICI ican enterprise; the machine' v ran- now he purchased under twenty or thirty i ployed in its production was studied and iinProv- 1 dollars ; and mineral lands had lately been cd: an increased supply was the natural causes! I at Immo -1- cos of d o ll ar:? per acre, which (pence ; and incteased Fupply, ii Ili le the 110111;111d ! sold n ie niained the Nam 0, most ;th% ays diminish p i ices. i a few yettrs buthre these improvements Would the gentleman undertake to deny that the were made were comparatively Worthless. proportion between demand and supply regulated Such were the effects of the protective pol prWe ? Air. S. lial. , lly thought that lie would go . joy. Was this system hurtful to agrieul so tar as that. But, a; the gentleman had assert- • titre ? Then let gentlemen look at the ed that duties raised prices, be was: bound to prose I L a u re l The : , F ac t ory, not far from this city : the truth of his position by quoting facts. proprietor of that factory lately bought, man N‘dio asserted a thing to be a 'fact was bound t q e to prove it, in court or omit of court. As a law- 1 the grot p ul on which it stood. for live dol yer the gentleman knew this to he so. Now Mr. l lays an acre ; and the same proprietor was S. challenged the gentleman to put his I• linger on now trying to purchase land in the neitrlt one solitary case %%here his assertion was true —i 1 i • i -• • I )or loot at tiny, and could not get It. .11 his What one proiccied article, the product of' Ame •- i r n l . was the edi'c't of giving the farmers a mar can skill and industry, had been permanently creased in price, after the duties, however high, , ket• Manufacturing establishments al lead been first imposed for its protection ? Mr. S. ' ways multiplied the value of farms in their had challenged gentlemen, one and all, to point ' vicinity often ten, twenty, and sometimes, out ill single article, a pin or tt needle, the Rice of ' mineral binds ' an hundred fold. And what which hail been increased alter the imposition of , , Ole • o. upon labor ? Did it not in hail protective duty. They had failed to do it. Ile was i t s bad called on them at the comm crease the price of labor ? What raisedencement of the session to hunt up some article. Nearly six prices but an increased ~ demand ? What months had elapsed, yet they hail failed to find depressed prices but the destruction of em one ; and he now called on gentlemen to point : pl o y men t, f The protective policy, by la wn one if they contd. Ile bested no answer. No cre a sing the muuber of ntanufacturing es la, r p t i i c n l e ti c : a o i l t! i t e l e b ( t: 1 I I. l. ) h t l i e tt d e And y llr . 0 n ; y a e n t d , g t i l l e i t l ‘ e v t i t l i i e l i , i l f , --1: k i l o i d l tahlishments, of course increased the num advanced the position that protective ditties al- , ber of persons employed in dint), thereby ways increased prices. Mr. S. made his appeal • Creating ii greater demand and higher rya-', to facts. Let the gentlemen meet him with facts. ' ges for labor. Laborers of all description They could not; they dealt altogether in riser- doek to the furnaces—coal dirrgers, chop s tilm agaist facts. Now M if, as r. S. had }moved, ' pet's, teionsters, and a thousand others.— i protective duties had not Me/cased, but redu , ol prices iflnit became of all this Clamor about high Now, lose the gentleman should quit I prices, robbery, oppression, and plunder? It van„ his agitation, make no more appeals to par- . ! fished into thin air; it had nn,foundation to sand ty, and no more anti-tariff speeches, what on : and gentlemen were bound by their own ; Would be the effect?. Would not others go principles :to go for the protective policy, which' to building up new establishments? and ((Alec(' the price of manufactured goods by in- I cieaFiterthesmmly ;whilst, on the other hand, it , , 1-- ' woulf . l not that furnish new ma rkets for : ul increased the price by increasing the demand for fitraliursi and employment forlabor of*lan agricultural produce, and ' enhanced the wages of , sorts t The Mount Savage works Cm labor by increasing its employments. o ! ployed in various way, on theroround and TILL EFFECT OF This TARIFF ON LABOR, in the neighborhood, four or five thousand ANL) 1N VES'I'EII CAPITAL. ; men, Let three or four more such estab- Pot gentlemen said, that while the tariff was op- ; ii ihments go up in that vicinity, and you pressive on the interests of ag,rictiliiire and labor, 4 it was highly beneficial to invested capital, to the would have at once a demand for three or f rich monopolists, the lords of the loom. Now four times as many hands, and for all sorts - Mr. S. raid thatjust the reverse of this ,was true. of agricultural produce in the same propor- While protection greatly benefited both ngricul- lion. ..11oyv, then, could gentlemen assert tare and labor, it was but a tritill advantage,ifany, that the protective Policy favorei d nvested to rested eappat The gentleman and his friendri, capital, and was oppressive io labor. and, x‘itiiout knowin g it, were in filet doing moisture the benefit of t•,:sterl toirital, by . keeping up this - RgriClilliird ? f, ! 1 agitation and opposition to the tariff and ••[Mr. [loin P. , , of S. C., put a goe: - .tion 'to Mr. i • thereby'estabbAing a monopoly by i 'cheekii.g. Sr. NV %TIT: Wll.tilC7 all this was not done hi tax• contretitien, than all the tariff taco ill flint in; the `.•cath far the benefit of Ne.,..• En P alan'- 7 . ) • MitTISBURG, PA. FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 11, 1816. 0 "FEARLESS AND FREE." exact • cent. Yet the fact was notor a itt all the eastern papers— that I . of those very ilianufactu ii cuts were selling every day, often below par. WOuld men .• „ , :10 per cent. sell their stock wide • mild other capitalists stif fer it tints to Ile sold t Besides, if these cal dilations of gentlemen be correct, do they not see, at a glance, that all the capital of the country. On capital is quick and clear sighted,) would rush at once into this 100 per cent. business—capital from England and all Europe, would soon be into it, and what then ? The business would soon be overdone—and dien what? It would be come the very worst business iii the world. Gentlemen must be very credulous them selves, or think others so, to indulge in such absurdities. Business was like a pendu lum—if you give it a strong impulse in one direction, the reaction was sore to car ry it as far in the opposite direction. If any branch of business, by protection or otherwise, become highly profitable, the rush of capital into it would soon bring it down, to the very lowest rates'of profit. POLICY 01"1.11F, How was it that Southern gentlemen could shut their eyes to the result of their own unwise policy ? Let them look how they stood,' and then look at the North.— The North plied their shoulder to the w ; they went to work to better their condition ; they husbanded their own re sources ;. they employed and diversified their labor ; they lived upon their own means ; kept their money at home to re ward their own industry instead of foolish- ly sending it abroad to purchase what they could so well and so prolitahly supply at home? But South Carolina and her South-1 ern sisters would touch neither hammer nor shuttle. They sent away their money to New England or to Old England. And, what was the consequence of these two opposite systems ? S o uth Carolina was poor and dependent, while New England was prosperous and independent. Saudi Carolina, when the rederal Constitution! was adopted, had five representatives ; N. Carolina five, and Virginia ten representa tatives On this floor. They all cherished ; a deadly hostility to every tiling connected with the manufactures, internal improve- I went, and progress of every kind. They denied to this Government the power of self-protection and self-improvement; they went for the stand-still, lie-down, go-to- ; sleep, lel-us-alone, do-nothing policy; they had tried to live on whip syllabub, political metaphysics, and constitutional abstrac-, dons, until it had nearly starved them to' death, while the Northern States had wise ly pursued the opposite policy ; and what had been the effect on theiryelativepros perity New York began with six repre sentatives in that hall ; now she had thir ty-four ; Pennsylvania began with eight; now she had twenty-four ; Virginia, with . North and South Carolina, had commenc ed with twenty representatives, and now they have altogether but thirty. Such are the fruit' of the opposite systems of policy adopted by the North and South.--: Judge the, tree by its fruits. Will men never learn wisdom by, experience. He would rejoice to see the South 'as praspe r‘ui ;IA as happy as the North. They had all theglemeuts of wealth and prosper- ity in profusion around them—the raw material and bread stuffs, minerals, and wa ter-power in abundance, running to waste. If they would allow him to oiler them ad. vice, it would be to abandon an exploded and ruinous policy; follow the example of the North. and share in their prosperity. &stead of coming here repining and com plaining that the North was rich and pros perous, making forty or fifty per cent. pro fit on their capital, while the south realized but four or five, just turn round, quit your ; your or five per cent. profits, and go to tvork, lat what you alledge yields forty or fifty. If the Tariff was confined to the North, von might complain ; but it was free to all !alike—North and South, East and West. Go to the hammer and the loom, the fur -1 pace and the forge, and become prosperous in your turn. All these blessings are within your reach, if you will but put forth your !hand to grasp them ; they are offered free ly to your acceptance. You enjoy great I tidy:images. You have not only all the advantages enjoyed by the North for man ' u facturi lig, but you have others superadded ; you supply the raw material, and above all, ' you have labor without wages, perfectly aiyilable for such purposes; the hands of thie young and old, that are now use ! less in the field, might, in factories, be ' come flighty profitable and productive I operatives. Take hold, then, on the same industry which has made New Eng land great and especially on those Urancht es of it which New England now could and would spare. Then South Carolina Would be, thus far, independent Both. of N. England and of all the world. She could no longer hope to compete with Texas and the rich lands of the Southwest in the Noduction of cotton. • iler worn-out fields 'must sink in the contest with the virgin soil of the new States. Then let her ail ' dress .hersell to manufactures. The gen " denim from S. Carolina-seemed-to observe, I with grief and envy, that New England was enjoying profits of from forty to 'fifty per cent. That was not true ; but what if it was ? If she gave that to South Caro: for six cents per yard which South Carolina. once could not get from abroad under thirty-six, the question for Carolina to look at was, not what profits New Eng ! land made, but, what prices she charged her. That, gentleman wanted his State to go to old England for all dm required.— We were all to depend on Europe for our manuthotured articles. Foreign countries were to enjoy exclusively the profitable business yielding forty and fifti per cent. while we were all to turn farmers, and join the gentleman in working, as he said, for a profit or four and five per cent. (and when all became farmers it would be ten times worse.) CoMpetition hating ceased, old England would again make the gentleman pay twenty-five cents a yard for what New England now offered them for six. Was I not this patriotic ? Was it not a noble, an enlarged American policy ; England was to be allowed to monopolize all the profitable business, the result Of labor-sa ving machinery, while we were to content ourselves with the plough and the hoc, and profits at the rate of two or three per cent. Was that the policy for America to pur sue ? They might be Americans•who re contended it, but they were certainly play ing into the hands of our transatlantic com petitors. It' manufacturing was such pro fitable business as these gentlemen repro rented it to be, why not let Americans have it rather than foreigners I Why not keep our money and our profits to ourselves, in, stead of giving both to the labor of Great Britain. The profits •of -manufacturing were chiefly owing to an enlarged market, and to the use and constant improvement of labor-saving machinery. 'The saving of labor and the increase of human power produced in this manner was almost incal- culttlile. By its aid one feeble woman or child was enabled to accomplish more in a dad• than would pay for the productions of forty able-bodied, hard-handed men with out it. Did gentlemen desire, .and was it their policy, to let England enjoy all this benefit, and keep it to herself as a monopo- ly ; It was this labor-saving machinery, • and this alone, that kept the British Gov- ernment from bankruptcy source of wealth and power enabled the British people to stand up under a debt of four thousandllions of dollars and to pay taxes to the government amounting to morc than two hundred and filly millions This was the result of her every year. initnen;ic labor-saving machinery, estima ted toy-be equal to the labor of eight millions of men. Was it the policy of gentlemen to let England hare this profitable busineis of manufacturing all to herself. seemed to be the ‘ poliey of the Secretary of the Treasury. Indeed, he had avowed it in his report Id he his settled policy to break. down the manufacturers of our own country, and derive his revenue from Brit ish and other foreign goods. His policy -was, in his own words, to prevent the "sub siltation of domestic rivalproductsfor ported articles."' This policy of Sulistitu ting, American for foreign goods,Aie says, is injurious to the revenue and must be ar rested by reducing. the duties so as to, let in the productions of foreign labor, and thus tweak down,American mechan- ics and manufactul'ers, and put an end. to this' growing evil of"subs tituting American rival products for foreign goods." This sentiment the Secretary has repeated sev- era' times in hie report., See pages 3 and 5. 14.1 s policy was to increase the revenue by increasing ' importatibna ; and, as he w reduce - the nverige .of duties to one TERMS-TWO DOLLARS third, of course, to get the saihe amount of revenue, we must add i to our irhports.— This was manifest and undeniable. Our present imports amounted to one Kindred milions ; to carry out the Secretary's plan we must raise them to ono hundred and . fifty millions. Our exports wore about one hundred millions, and of course fifty millions in specie would be required annu ally to pay the balance. The whole spa- , cite of the country had never been estimsA) ted at more than eighty millions. How, then, was his policy to work? flow was he to make, up this deficit ? Not from the banks, for they would be broken up within the very first year of such a system ; and then what was Mr. Secretary going to do for his revenue ? The duty on foreign. iron, he tells us, is 75 per cent. Ho was . for reducing it to 30 per cent.—less than one half. We must,of course, import more than &Able the amount of foreign iron togot the present amount of revenue, and to that extent break up the American supply. Now, it was impossible to make our people double their consumption, and so the .result must necessarily be to get them to take foreign goods where they now took domestic, thus supplying the demand from abroad, and of course destroying the domestic article_ to that extent. - Was not all this plain ? j Could any man in his senses denyit?— ~ lAndthen, besides, where was the Secretary going to get the money to . pay for all - these • foreign goods? There was the rub. The 'gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Bailey) talked about exporting potatoes to - Ireland. Export potatoes to Ireland ! Ho would tell that gentleman that last year we int.• ported 211,327 bushels paying a duty of ten cents per bushel-15,045 from Ireland, while Ireland. tookof all our grain only 790 bushels of corn, not a barrel of flour; corn meal, or a bushel of grain, or its produc tions in any other form. , The whole of our mighty exports of breadstuffsto Eng- • land, Scotland and Ireland, amounted •to ' less than $224,000, less than one fourth - of a million—less than could be furnished by a single Western county. Potatoes wore cheaper in Ireland thaii in the United , Stales, Yet the people arEr.starving, because. they had' no protection against England, no money, no _employment. .This was the effect of "free wade with England, and it was peciselv the condition into which free trade with England would soon bring this country, if it were adopted. . "Free trade'- with England reminded him ofan aneedots of an Irishman, who, when complaining of starvation in Ireland, was asked whether potatoes were not very cheap ? He an swered,,,Chape ! the Lord love ye,they're , but saxpence a bushel." "How is it, then, you are starving ?" "Just because ws have no work, and cant get the sixpence." [A. laugh.] Such were the fruits of ex changing agricultural products for mantt= factured goods—the products of manual labor for the products of -machinery— -: working the hoe against the loom. Such had been and always would be the result of this miserable system of policy, when ever and wherever adopted. . .. TAXATION. ~ . Next, the gentleman complained of tax ation. If protective du ties, as he had proved, reduced prices, where was the taxation t But suppoie it be admitted that the duties on foreign goods are added to the price.— Then I ask what tax did farmers now pay the United States ? Nothing. Many of • them used nothing but domestics. They bought no foreign goods except tea and, lcoffee, and they were free. Thottsande and hundreds of thousands of our people I don't pay a dollar a year into the National Treasury, and thousands not a cent. How would it be under a' system of direct taxa tion ? The burdens of the Federal Goy eminent would fall on farmers and labor ers more heavily than the • heaviest State 1 taxation. Under a system of direct tax the proportion of Pennsylvania would be three millions a year—more than double her present State taxation. But all those burdens put together are nothing compared to the taxes imposed on us by the British. To, form an idea of its extent, let every gentleman ascertain the number of stores selling British goods in his district. These merchants are all tax-gatherers for England,' taking millions and tens of millions of specie from our farmers fur British agri cultural produce, wool, and every thing else converted into goods, and sent here and sold to our farmers, who have those very materials or, their hands rotting for want of a Aarket ; and this is 'the ruinous system recommended to our farmers by these. "free-trade" advocates. The far mers understand it, and, they will let gen. , denten know it 'at the polls. They will let gentlemen know what they think. of this ~ b ud every thing and sell nothing, policy." They know that the farmer; who sells more than ho buys gets rich, and he who buys more than he sells gets poor; anti they know that the same theory is true with regard to nations; they know - lhat, to sell more and buy less is the way to Wealth, and that the opposite course ii the road to bankruptcy and ruin. A striking illustration of . the truth of - this may be found in the fact that during the reduction of these duties under the compromise ;Mt our imports exceeded our exports upttraTdl of three hundred millions, and the woe- - titmice was that our specie was all experk . • ted, our banks broken, thtiresettry empty, people impoverished, and two hundred ~ millions of State sit per tent. bond( plat le_ Europe lo pay this unfavorable hele)tte-e- Of' trade, where they 'still_ remafe; 0044 -• Away our specie to 1 , 4 the iettettipt ii This prolific IWIIOLE N 0.584. AritiUM.]
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