.
, .
... .
• • A. - •-! - 1.; . . - . --
4,. . , ,.,.. ../
~,....,
.? ~ • .•.,
~ . A, •,. , • A....,
' t4l. 14, .ii / '.•
„"/„... , 1 x ... 1' 4 • •.;(: 1: ~..
--t1„ . ' 4% #4 . D‘, A
;ev ' 1 1 . . - , • -
'..
'
-it ..•
...Lb
;.' • ' .1 ...." ‘.%.
4 t + 1
....-
... ..a . ' 4 . .
ti ~`'.. - ,
,;.,,, f , . - . 1. i t
s -,. , ~,
,1,,• ls i. /a a. ' ei .
4. • :: 4' .: 4 ' . ... zi4. f y"
.:47 4 ,• ; ,„• ' - . f".
-,-.. ;
.1. 0 P., .{ •:4' ~N. r..,. k - ,..,, ; - . ,..)
. r ; •-,, 4 1
, ..-,. ~., •• •
4.1.1 - . r 7 . ~4. t. .... '
,
. .
•
0 .
4
.., . .
D. A. BUEHLER, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR
,VO,L,
POETRY.
THE EEIVUTIFUL LAN D.
ny 111031 AS MACKELLAII,
There is a land immortal,
The beautiful of lands ;
Beside the ancient portal
A sentry grimly stand.;.
He only can undo it,
Anil open wide the door;
And mortals who pass through it,
Are mortals never more.
That p,loriiitis !mulls ITeaven,
And Death the sentry grim
The Lord therefore has given
The opening keys to hirn.
And ransomed spirits sighing
And sorrowful for sin,
Do pass tiw gate in dying,
And freely enter in.
Though dark and drear the passage
That I( adeth to the gate,
i'et grace comes with the meFsage,
To souls that watch and wait
And, at the time appointed,
A messenger conies down,
And leads the Lord's annointed
From th' cross to glory's crown,
Their sighs are lost in singing,
They're bles-ed in their tenr,(;
Their journey hea‘eliwaril winging (
They leave to earth their fears.
Death like an angie seerneth;
"We welcome thee," they e ry;
Their lace with glory heasneth,_
'Tis life for then( to (lie.
POLITI CA L
11.E . 111A IRKS OF
HON. ANDREW STEWART,
OF PENNSYLVANIA,
In deftnec of the Protective Policy—dc
livered in the House of Ryiesen . latives,
on 1-Ith Alarch and 271 h Jlay, 1816.
Mr. S TI:WAtIT said he regretted that this great
question of national protection, the most import
ant-that could possibly occupy the attention of
American statesmen, was constantly resolved by
gentlemen on the other side into a mere question
.of party. Separated from the pernicious itillucn
ces of piny, lie was sure there could be but one
opinion 111)01) the subject. The contest was i'or
the ./Imerfran Iturrkel. For, ignerr, and ospecially
the British, wets the parties on the one side, tind
the .Ihiori , mis on the other ; and the only question
was, ‘vhich side should NN 0 take? Ily adopting
" frer-tra de - We give our market to Fm-cipiers—by
adhering to l'rotcctiott. we secure both to our peo
ple. Disguise it as you will, this is the tree and
only question -to be decided,. and the fate oc it)).
country depo-'"" •
i •••-
.``!'"".. 1 1!)
tletnen . •vould decide n lavor o f their own country
of theft - own farmers, mechanics, and la
nolin); men—that they would protect their 01111
people employed in the fields and in the wink
shops, and . in the conversion of our 01%11 :12,Tielii111-
ral produce into articles Mr use, instead of import
ing them from abroad; Mr it was demonstrable
that more than one-half of the hundred millions of
'dollars annually sent abroad to purchase foreign
goods, went to pay for foreign agricultural pm
duce worked up in these goods by labor employed
and ltd in foreign countries instead of our own.
Mr. S. begged gentlemen upon this great Amer
ican question to separate themselves from party
prejudice, and come up to Its Coll,ldellllloll in 0
true American spirit. It was a question that
soared liar above and beyond the reach of mete
party interests and p aty considerations. Why,
then, these party appeals l \\ - as it becaose gen
tlemen were atraid to meet the question on its
own intrinsic and independent merits—was this
the motive of these appeals to the poor, pitiful and
paltry purposes 01 party politics No. Let this
great question of protecting• American Industry be
discussed on great, broad American principles
and it would be so discussed by every one who had
a title American heart in his bosom.
Mr. S. said he would now proceed to answer
the arguments that lint been urged aga.inst Pro
tection and in thvor of Frce-trade, and then give
his own views as to the hue Atneiican policy
to be adopted ;mil maintained by this country;
and in doing so, he would study clearness tint sim
plicity. for "truth needs not the, foreign aid of or
nament ;" he would state facts—facts which he
was prepared to establish by official or other con
clusive evidence, with the in,ferences dednci
ble I . rom them--and he would submit them with
confidence to the candor and good sense , of this
llouse and of the American people.
In the first place, then, he would notice some
of the arguments urged upon all occasions against
protection, and just now repeated by the gent leman
from Alabama, (Mr. Payne,)avho had spoken last.
THE EITECT pROTEcTiv E DUTIES
ON PRICES
The first argument of the gentleman had been
the position that the effect of a protectiVe tariff
was oppressive, especially on the poor, and on the
interests of agriculture. and labor. }low *as it
oppressive upon these ! No other interest in the
country was half as much benelitted by the taritf
as the farmeis, and mechanics, and won]; inemcn.
The gentleman said that it injured them by in
creasing the price of mannfitetured commodities ;
for the gentleman's first assertion was, that pro
tection did inVariahly increase the price of the ar
tieles protected. Now, in reply, Mr. S. would
distinctly put forth this assertion, to which he
challenged contradiction, viz : that Mete never was
protective duty levied in this country on any
article which we could and did mantilacture ex
tensively, Which bad not resulted in bringing down
the t•rice of that article; and he challenged gen
tlemen to point him to a single instance in refi,r
ence to which this was not true. The prices of
commodities, instead of being raiFed by protection,
had been reduced to one-third, one-fou'rth, and even
to one-tenth and one-twelfth of what had been'
paid for them when imported from abroad. The
gentleman, if he had - walked up to the Fair, might
there have seen . American cotton, such as huh cost, when the enormous minimums wen first im
posed for its protection by Mr. Lowndes and Air.
Calhoun, S 5 cents a yard. now ready to .be deliv
ered -in-any' quantity_,_ond of better quality, at 7
cents ; and wool ten. sold in IS 10 at tin,
selling, of superior quality, _for :15 cents; and
these articles :Acme siihject to the very:highest du
ties id the whole catalogue—proving, di.:fyond all
coittc.stat.om the truth of the proposition denoun
ced as an absurdity by the gentleman, that thei
highcst duties. often produce the lowest prices,
when !evict! Upon articles which we can supply
to the intent o f our 'own w :out Here was fuel
result of American industry. skill, and improve
lett free to ....et out their own energie , ..;
,wenpy, fully IN 4 arphipri•:
07c it t h!”-at 1 to. di:tufting tied deLtruc
'tire c o m p e titi on of the 'ma t ter labor of Europe.' noose pot together. In the case of vested capi- I The gentleman asked whether all this
Mr. s. had mentioned the article of cotton. because tat the tariff It done its work;' it had built the ibenefit did not grow out of a tax Upon the,
it afforded a striking illustration of the general manalactories np ; it had introduced improved
(r
:;30eti ? 'Ali% S. would answer the etitle
dortriii.2, show i n ., t h at t h e m inimums , the highest machinery and increased skill ;it bad done ail i . . s,
protective duties, had produced the greatest reduc- that fixed capital required. vested capital was man; i f these factories were built by go v
lion of prices. B u t the same thing was true, to a not.: ot: its left—it could get along without help. ernment, then this might, to sonic extent,
greater or less extent, with respect to every pro- They had exported•during the last year bettveen be true. Batt they were built not by Gov
tected article in the entire list. .:11r. S. stated t o , f our an d ii v ,, million:, of dollars worth of cotton
erunient, but by individual enterprise ; and
controvertible matters of fart. Ile challin ghl cloth ; they had beaten the lhitish out of their W hat
sort of a lax was it upon the South to
contradiction—he courted investigation—he defied own markets. The great manufacturers of these • 1 ,
They had gi . ye tn , ein netter goods for one-fourth the
gentlemen to disprove an stout of what he had as- goods temed no foreign competition ; ,
seated. And , to put this truth in the strongest overcome that, ;mil Great Brm i i n was compe ll e d Pi laT tneV formerly paid. Mr. S.
caul
.
light, he repeated that the highest and m ost oh. to impose disciiminating duties in her East India that he was very sorry that hrs excellent
noxious duties, those abhorred niiiiim nos, against colonies on American cottons—fits S, then to, friend from S. Carolina should feel such
which gentlemen had wasted such furious dentin-
and finally I 5 and Q 0 per cent., to enable het man- ' d eep regret at the prosper i ty o f N . Eng
. eiations, presented precisely the very cases Where tiracturers to keep the possession of her own col
' laud. tflie thought .N. England was get
the reduction of price had been the greatest.— ritual markets. Our manufacturers h aul thus ; .
Tho::e dmies, it had been said, now amounted to beaten down British eompetion in the Chinese i ling rich by manufactures, he would ad
-2 and :Pm per cent. ad valorem. And why' Ile- and other Ibreign markets. What invested eapi- , vise him to go hoMe and do likewise—to
cause 'they were fixed specific duties. They re- rat now frilled, teas American competition at folloW their example, and grow rich- also.
stained stationary h owe v er pr i ces m i g h t c h ange; home. But gentlemen exultingly sa y, it you can i 'l'he gentleman said that the planters of the
;1:1(1, of course, as the price went (Imam, the duty beat the foreigner, what do you want with pro-
Smith were workinrr the whole year for a
bore a larger and still l arg er proportion to it. At tection I I answer, the invested capital in these •
nrobt o lour orfive per
first, the, duty was , say, half the price of t h e ar id. branches don't want it. But I want it, not to fa- , . f . ''cent., while the
.. manufactin n• •of v i ew 1 turland were de ; as the price declined ; the duty bec(llite equal. vor them, but to encourage further investmen,s,l . 1 .. ':' •t,
get
to the price ; then it became greater than the and build up competion elsewhere. The p rotec .; ling forty or fifty. This was a great
,Cr
price: then double the price; aid at length !midi; ; tire tartitaked a g ainst them that very compidi- F roe—but, if true, was it not a free country?
,
and then ”eutlemen exclaimed in horror, -What lion. While advocaling, therefore, the contam- ; Who gavi! New England - exclusive privi
an abominable duty! It is Tin p er cen t. on 0, atter: of Mir existing tariff, sod resisting its redue , - , 1 ., , ,, T ,, ? w hy
total value of the article I V(' hat horrible pro fi ts, Belo, Mr. S. was working in the most direct an d
t -
".
, , ~
did not the South cirrivre
flow the duty most raise the mice l - -when all , efficient manner for the interests of American la- In th e , 8:111 /e furty or fifty per cent. bust
the while the duty remained the sanie. aid its et . - bor—he was re ' , sting foreign ; h e w a s go i ng f or ' ness Instead of five i working on at four or •
reel had been, not to increase, but to Ming dot, it the interests of American tarmers•alof the Arnett- i Why did not they continence with coarse
the price to one-third of what it was—li tt II .li I
.' Can laborer , . and not flit t h e i nterests o f J ar* , fahrivs, matie from their Own cotton., just
dOwn to to cents per y.trd ; and this sy.t. lohbely vested c(ipitill ; he went to destroy extslio Lt inn- as New 1.7.a,,.tand had done before them ?
and plunder! And still the gentleman said it was nopoly, by increasing investments and comp,..ti. lint .\.,.. 1. ,
of , .
an absurdity, which no man could sW;illow, to say Don—the only thing that could destioy it. It ,II ;1 . 110 IVas now passing - front that
that the lighter the pro Metive ditty the Inner the ' was the gentlemen, and those who acted with n
. stage, and gom,g Into the higher and finer
price. Now Mr. S. would venture to say, that if them. by keeping up this tariff agitation—who' branches. The South, he was glad to
the duty on iron and its manutactures Isere i t ! O . "' aijiti!! vested capital. This agitation opera- learn, were now commencing. True, they
creased tomnirow nied per cent. the rapid lush of toil to check new- investments, and of course to I were
capitalinto that business. and the vast increase or pi omote and s ec uie monopoly. Those were.ho wei yet in the A. 13 C of the business ;
, they were in their infancy ; they wanted
supply would be such, and the consequent icilue. eolnemplatin: the investment or new eapitai
(ion of price so groat, that the U. ;states NVOldll would deter it. (hie would say to another, "Don't i " - , • • •
the losterinir care rind protection of Gov
soon supply the wallet with iron, its Capacity fo r ' build a new mill or furnace now, the tarilliS go-; Crllffielli. The tarifr on the coarse fabrics
i t ,., prOtilWliOn boif): , 11011Mited. li e l i „d sla t e d , tot ; t o he ti•,l:lct.l. - MT. S. iiiww this to be true• !. was now for ther benefit. New England
faats, showing' 111;11 high dmies had produced lOW I I.? had heard of twelve largo companies who had I w
: anted'it no longer on the coarse, but (Th
rice:4. Can the gentleman de( y them ? There intended to build furnaces in PennsylVania Ilii,.
,
' tuev stand on impregnable foundations, firm as sluing, but had suspended their purpose till they , - 1
D,- on the higher and finer fabrics, in which
. .
the hills! Let the gentleman coil his frkialsdis. should sot what Congress would do with the tariff Lie:: were now struggling wart foreigners,
. ve them as they can. ' That such is the prat -1 at the p re s to t session. Did this hurt thus,, %dm l who were endeavoring to break them down
tical operation o f th e s y s k in i, folly ~d ah li Nh e d already owned mannfactming establishment, ? I by flooding - our markets with these articles
liv the filet that whilst manufactures of various Ceitaiialyan , t ; it wlts the very thing; to aid them iat an under-while ; hoping to indemnify them
kinds had declined to one-fourth of their honer' This g;ii e Ne 'X England a 11)011011k,ly ; it secured ; seiro „ e n ._
1 r temporary losses hy future ex
price, agrieuThwal produce and the wages. of labor in her hands that which the people in' rennsylva- I , `-','-'.•
had underaone tittle or no reduction, owin g to the Ilia and the pro of the south most wanted.— 1 norbit . ant (irices,.extorted from us when
roil-A.lmb/ increasing home deniand for both, re- , They wanted p r otection—New
slitting from 1
t, ie p rotec tiv e p o lt iiv . 1 i i , s „h th i ffe d witionit it. Virginia wanted it, North C aolina , stroyed.
England could do American competition is put down and de
it as a waiter of fact, knott nto et cry man, wo., wanted i t , so did South Carolina. and Georgia. and Mr. s.: (:nirl lie had been greatly amused
in;ols and child, in the country, whet , : 100111 ' 1 'w - all (he We s t * l ' i wY wanted protection to build i 1 iis the ingenious but sophisti
tures exist. that they paid lets,, 1111.• Mannl',.icturol 01C111 ill) ; l'll Ni•W 'England 11)e tariff hail do ne it s ;
e; - 11 r
*Tentleman who had gone
goods. and ro fired more for their labor and their WOlk—it had lulfilled its office. New Englandi . re
might now say to this Government, "Father lain ' oh:lllations to prove that
produce, owing to no Met etted demand. Yet, in nit° e:
the face of diese - universally admitted facts, sic II O IS of age; I tin on my own feet ; I ca u l make , enttol' lures were now realizing
are told every day on this floor, that the tariff in. my way through the N% Odd : I have met dohn 100 p tear profits, annually—yes,
. - .
creases prices, and robs and plunders the farintrs! Bull and beat him ; I thank you very. such for
; what on have done for me t and I will be a bur
ll'ut Mr. S. wished to be understood correctly.
now take care of the
Ile did not say that the elket of all duties was to 1 den 00 3 ,. °11 I.') longer;
dinmiish prices; on P -- - • ••-•,,..- •o• , -- ......" , Yotr i t Cr g Di 111CP.'"', '"' "'" ''''''"".Y•".
lc ,rnt of l ire country was comparati vel y
that I s w a s the eff e ct of sortie ditties to increase I
prices. nut
what he
said
was this : that dillies young in manufactures. They still ..needed the
let ied on articles we could make to the extent of helping hand cf . government ; they wanted pro
our own wants, and with a view to protect and t " ti°ll iii their in, patrt tancY*,
oti N eivc ; a p e m Engl'."ill,ll
ieu to was
increase our own mantilactlires, did in all cases ' magnanimous an d
operate, in the end, to lower prices, by increasing set., other portions of the country prosper by
her example; when the ;smith and
capital, competition. and simply. Ditties imposed , followin g
~,,West supplied, as they could, the coarser goods.
on IM•ingn articles which we could not make our
selves.
woidd
generally increase the
prices, be. ! she would go to work on the finer fabrics.
, Did not ;4entlernen see that by reducing the cause they did not increase the supply by increas
%%ere checking investments in their ou n
tar
ing home competition. Ills position was this : 1 Er I/I° Y
country and in mine, ill the Smith and V. and
duties bawd jar reiTllllf CM ill tit It'S Wr' enroll! her,- seeming a mintopoly and high profits to
'tore, I;eneruily inrreapq 'wiles; whilst pi o'C'elil'e
ve, , ted capital. wherever it existed. tx Melt could
antics. (tried en articles err run turd ill) pilidierf, (11-
be 'educed by enlarg , al competition at home?
trays, in Ihe end, diminished ri ices. The truth of °III Y
both these
propositions
was
proved by
podepid _ Was not this true! Was it not col - 11111On reuse? ,
lie put it to every man's understanding. It was '
le facts, and by all experience. And the reason
not. only common sense, but, what was more, it
was just as obvious as alio fact. When the Sllpp!V
WitS proved by universal experience. I
°ran article teas not equal to the deMand, he itd
mined the immediate elk et of a high duty toi-ilit To show the practical operations of the
for the moment increase the price and profits of proteetive policy, lie would lake by way
its inanulactimi, but this very iticre;fse induced of illustration, the neighboring iron works
capital to rush into it, and the competition acid in• at Mount Sat - t o re, near Cumberland. That
crea,ed supply resulting, soon brought dowmthe ei , tablish t I I. b • 1 within q
price and profits to like lowest rates, proving the , r • y ears.wen '''s ) , e . en 11111 u : ' w ' '
Some time before it was cum
troth of the proposition. that the -higher the du-
felt ,
inenceo land could be bought there for two
ty, the lower the price." The imposition of a
duty on an article produced here, gave an i m _ ! and three dollars an acre, which could not ,
poke to A lIICI ican enterprise; the machine' v ran- now he purchased under twenty or thirty i
ployed in its production was studied and iinProv- 1 dollars ; and mineral lands had lately been
cd: an increased supply was the natural causes! I at Immo -1- cos of d o ll ar:?
per acre, which
(pence ; and incteased Fupply, ii Ili le the 110111;111d ! sold n
ie niained the Nam 0, most ;th% ays diminish p i ices. i a few yettrs buthre these improvements
Would the gentleman undertake to deny that the were made were comparatively Worthless.
proportion between demand and supply regulated Such were the effects of the protective pol
prWe ? Air. S. lial. , lly thought that lie would go . joy. Was this system hurtful to agrieul
so tar as that. But, a; the gentleman had assert- • titre ? Then let gentlemen look at the
ed that duties raised prices, be was: bound to prose I L a u re l
The : , F ac t ory, not far from this city :
the truth of his position by quoting facts.
proprietor of that factory lately bought,
man N‘dio asserted a thing to be a 'fact was bound t q e
to prove it, in court or omit of court. As a law- 1 the grot p ul on which it stood. for live dol
yer the gentleman knew this to he so. Now Mr. l
lays an acre ; and the same proprietor was
S. challenged the gentleman to put his I• linger on now trying to purchase land in the neitrlt
one solitary case %%here his assertion was true —i 1 i • i -• •
I )or loot at tiny, and could not get It. .11 his
What one proiccied article, the product of' Ame •-
i r n l . was the edi'c't of giving the farmers a mar
can skill and industry, had been permanently
creased in price, after the duties, however high, , ket• Manufacturing establishments al
lead been first imposed for its protection ? Mr. S. ' ways multiplied the value of farms in their
had challenged gentlemen, one and all, to point ' vicinity often ten, twenty, and sometimes,
out ill single article, a pin or tt needle, the Rice of ' mineral binds ' an hundred fold. And what
which hail been increased alter the imposition of , , Ole • o. upon labor ? Did it not in
hail
protective duty. They had failed to do it. Ile
was i t s
bad called on them at the comm crease the price of labor ? What raisedencement of the
session to hunt up some article. Nearly six prices but an increased ~ demand ? What
months had elapsed, yet they hail failed to find depressed prices but the destruction of em
one ; and he now called on gentlemen to point : pl o y men t, f The protective policy, by la
wn one if they contd. Ile bested no answer. No cre a sing the muuber of ntanufacturing es
la, r p t i i c n l e ti c :
a o i l t! i t e l
e b ( t: 1 I I. l. ) h t l i e tt d e And y
llr . 0
n ; y a e n t d , g t i l l e i t l ‘ e v t i t l i i e l i , i l f , --1: k i l o i d l
tahlishments, of course increased the num
advanced the position that protective ditties al- , ber of persons employed in dint), thereby
ways increased prices. Mr. S. made his appeal • Creating ii greater demand and higher rya-',
to facts. Let the gentlemen meet him with facts. ' ges for labor. Laborers of all description
They could not; they dealt altogether in riser- doek to the furnaces—coal dirrgers, chop
s
tilm agaist facts. Now M
if, as r. S. had }moved, '
pet's, teionsters, and a thousand others.— i
protective duties had not Me/cased, but redu , ol
prices iflnit became of all this Clamor about high
Now, lose the gentleman should quit I
prices, robbery, oppression, and plunder? It van„ his agitation, make no more appeals to par- .
!
fished into thin air; it had nn,foundation to sand ty, and no more anti-tariff speeches, what
on : and gentlemen were bound by their own ; Would be the effect?. Would not others go
principles :to go for the protective policy, which' to building up new establishments? and
((Alec(' the price of manufactured goods by in- I
cieaFiterthesmmly ;whilst, on the other hand, it , , 1-- '
woulf . l not that furnish new ma rkets for :
ul
increased the price by increasing the demand for fitraliursi and employment forlabor of*lan
agricultural produce, and ' enhanced the wages of , sorts t The Mount Savage works Cm
labor by increasing its employments. o
! ployed in various way, on theroround and
TILL EFFECT OF This TARIFF ON LABOR, in the neighborhood, four or five thousand
ANL) 1N VES'I'EII CAPITAL. ; men, Let three or four more such estab-
Pot gentlemen said, that while the tariff was op- ; ii ihments
go up in that vicinity, and you
pressive on the interests of ag,rictiliiire and labor, 4
it was highly beneficial to invested capital, to the would have at once a demand for three or
f
rich monopolists, the lords of the loom. Now four times as many hands, and for all sorts -
Mr. S. raid thatjust the reverse of this ,was true. of agricultural produce in the same propor-
While protection greatly benefited both ngricul- lion. ..11oyv, then, could gentlemen assert
tare and labor, it was but a tritill advantage,ifany,
that the protective Policy favorei
d nvested
to rested eappat The gentleman and his friendri, capital, and was oppressive io labor. and,
x‘itiiout knowin g it, were in filet doing moisture
the benefit of t•,:sterl toirital, by . keeping up this - RgriClilliird ? f,
! 1
agitation and opposition to the tariff and ••[Mr. [loin P. , , of S. C., put a goe: - .tion 'to Mr.
i •
thereby'estabbAing a monopoly by i 'cheekii.g. Sr. NV %TIT: Wll.tilC7 all this was not done hi tax•
contretitien, than all the tariff taco ill flint in; the `.•cath far the benefit of Ne.,..• En P alan'- 7 . ) •
MitTISBURG, PA. FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 11, 1816.
0
"FEARLESS AND FREE."
exact • cent. Yet the fact was
notor a itt all the eastern papers—
that I . of those very ilianufactu
ii cuts were selling every
day, often below par. WOuld
men .• „ , :10 per cent. sell their stock
wide • mild other capitalists stif
fer it tints to Ile sold t Besides, if these cal
dilations of gentlemen be correct, do they
not see, at a glance, that all the capital of
the country. On capital is quick and clear
sighted,) would rush at once into this 100
per cent. business—capital from England
and all Europe, would soon be into it, and
what then ? The business would soon be
overdone—and dien what? It would be
come the very worst business iii the world.
Gentlemen must be very credulous them
selves, or think others so, to indulge in such
absurdities. Business was like a pendu
lum—if you give it a strong impulse in
one direction, the reaction was sore to car
ry it as far in the opposite direction. If
any branch of business, by protection or
otherwise, become highly profitable, the
rush of capital into it would soon bring it
down, to the very lowest rates'of profit.
POLICY 01"1.11F,
How was it that Southern gentlemen
could shut their eyes to the result of their
own unwise policy ? Let them look how
they stood,' and then look at the North.—
The North plied their shoulder to the
w ; they went to work to better their
condition ; they husbanded their own re
sources ;. they employed and diversified
their labor ; they lived upon their own
means ; kept their money at home to re
ward their own industry instead of foolish-
ly sending it abroad to purchase what they
could so well and so prolitahly supply at
home? But South Carolina and her South-1
ern sisters would touch neither hammer
nor shuttle. They sent away their money
to New England or to Old England. And,
what was the consequence of these two
opposite systems ? S o uth Carolina was
poor and dependent, while New England
was prosperous and independent. Saudi
Carolina, when the rederal Constitution!
was adopted, had five representatives ; N.
Carolina five, and Virginia ten representa
tatives On this floor. They all cherished ;
a deadly hostility to every tiling connected
with the manufactures, internal improve- I
went, and progress of every kind. They
denied to this Government the power of
self-protection and self-improvement; they
went for the stand-still, lie-down, go-to- ;
sleep, lel-us-alone, do-nothing policy; they
had tried to live on whip syllabub, political
metaphysics, and constitutional abstrac-,
dons, until it had nearly starved them to'
death, while the Northern States had wise
ly pursued the opposite policy ; and what
had been the effect on theiryelativepros
perity New York began with six repre
sentatives in that hall ; now she had thir
ty-four ; Pennsylvania began with eight;
now she had twenty-four ; Virginia, with .
North and South Carolina, had commenc
ed with twenty representatives, and now
they have altogether but thirty. Such
are the fruit' of the opposite systems of
policy adopted by the North and South.--:
Judge the, tree by its fruits. Will men
never learn wisdom by, experience. He
would rejoice to see the South 'as praspe
r‘ui ;IA as happy as the North. They
had all theglemeuts of wealth and prosper-
ity in profusion around them—the raw
material and bread stuffs, minerals, and wa
ter-power in abundance, running to waste.
If they would allow him to oiler them ad.
vice, it would be to abandon an exploded
and ruinous policy; follow the example
of the North. and share in their prosperity.
&stead of coming here repining and com
plaining that the North was rich and pros
perous, making forty or fifty per cent. pro
fit on their capital, while the south realized
but four or five, just turn round, quit your
;
your or five per cent. profits, and go to tvork,
lat what you alledge yields forty or fifty.
If the Tariff was confined to the North,
von might complain ; but it was free to all
!alike—North and South, East and West.
Go to the hammer and the loom, the fur
-1 pace and the forge, and become prosperous
in your turn. All these blessings are within
your reach, if you will but put forth your
!hand to grasp them ; they are offered free
ly to your acceptance. You enjoy great
I tidy:images. You have not only all the
advantages enjoyed by the North for man
' u facturi lig, but you have others superadded ;
you supply the raw material, and above all,
' you have labor without wages, perfectly
aiyilable for such purposes; the hands of
thie young and old, that are now use
! less in the field, might, in factories, be
' come flighty profitable and productive
I operatives. Take hold, then, on the
same industry which has made New Eng
land great and especially on those Urancht
es of it which New England now could
and would spare. Then South Carolina
Would be, thus far, independent Both. of N.
England and of all the world. She could
no longer hope to compete with Texas
and the rich lands of the Southwest in the
Noduction of cotton. • iler worn-out fields
'must sink in the contest with the virgin
soil of the new States. Then let her ail
' dress .hersell to manufactures. The gen
" denim from S. Carolina-seemed-to observe,
I with grief and envy, that New England
was enjoying profits of from forty to 'fifty
per cent. That was not true ; but what
if it was ? If she gave that to South Caro:
for six cents per yard which South
Carolina. once could not get from abroad
under thirty-six, the question for Carolina
to look at was, not what profits New Eng
! land made, but, what prices she charged
her. That, gentleman wanted his State to
go to old England for all dm required.—
We were all to depend on Europe for our
manuthotured articles. Foreign countries
were to enjoy exclusively the profitable
business yielding forty and fifti per cent.
while we were all to turn farmers, and join
the gentleman in working, as he said, for a
profit or four and five per cent. (and when
all became farmers it would be ten times
worse.) CoMpetition hating ceased, old
England would again make the gentleman
pay twenty-five cents a yard for what New
England now offered them for six. Was
I not this patriotic ? Was it not a noble,
an enlarged American policy ; England
was to be allowed to monopolize all the
profitable business, the result Of labor-sa
ving machinery, while we were to content
ourselves with the plough and the hoc, and
profits at the rate of two or three per cent.
Was that the policy for America to pur
sue ? They might be Americans•who re
contended it, but they were certainly play
ing into the hands of our transatlantic com
petitors. It' manufacturing was such pro
fitable business as these gentlemen repro
rented it to be, why not let Americans have
it rather than foreigners I Why not keep
our money and our profits to ourselves, in,
stead of giving both to the labor of Great
Britain. The profits •of -manufacturing
were chiefly owing to an enlarged market,
and to the use and constant improvement
of labor-saving machinery. 'The saving of
labor and the increase of human power
produced in this manner was almost incal-
culttlile. By its aid one feeble woman or
child was enabled to accomplish more in a
dad• than would pay for the productions of
forty able-bodied, hard-handed men with
out it. Did gentlemen desire, .and was it
their policy, to let England enjoy all this
benefit, and keep it to herself as a monopo-
ly ; It was this labor-saving machinery,
•
and this alone, that kept the British Gov-
ernment from bankruptcy
source of wealth and power enabled the
British people to stand up under a debt of
four thousandllions of dollars and to
pay taxes to the government amounting to
morc than two hundred and filly millions
This was the result of her
every year.
initnen;ic labor-saving machinery, estima
ted toy-be equal to the labor of eight millions
of men. Was it the policy of gentlemen
to let England hare this profitable busineis
of manufacturing all to herself.
seemed to be the ‘ poliey of the Secretary
of the Treasury. Indeed, he had avowed
it in his report Id he his settled policy to
break. down the manufacturers of our own
country, and derive his revenue from Brit
ish and other foreign goods. His policy
-was, in his own words, to prevent the "sub
siltation of domestic rivalproductsfor
ported articles."' This policy of Sulistitu
ting, American for foreign goods,Aie says,
is injurious to the revenue and must be ar
rested by reducing. the duties so as to,
let in the productions of foreign labor,
and thus tweak down,American mechan-
ics and manufactul'ers, and put an end. to
this' growing evil of"subs tituting American
rival products for foreign goods." This
sentiment the Secretary has repeated sev-
era' times in hie report., See pages 3 and
5. 14.1 s policy was to increase the revenue
by increasing ' importatibna ; and, as he
w reduce - the nverige .of duties to one
TERMS-TWO DOLLARS
third, of course, to get the saihe amount of
revenue, we must add i to our irhports.—
This was manifest and undeniable. Our
present imports amounted to one Kindred
milions ; to carry out the Secretary's plan
we must raise them to ono hundred and .
fifty millions. Our exports wore about
one hundred millions, and of course fifty
millions in specie would be required annu
ally to pay the balance. The whole spa- ,
cite of the country had never been estimsA)
ted at more than eighty millions. How,
then, was his policy to work? flow was
he to make, up this deficit ? Not from the
banks, for they would be broken up within
the very first year of such a system ; and
then what was Mr. Secretary going to do
for his revenue ? The duty on foreign.
iron, he tells us, is 75 per cent. Ho was .
for reducing it to 30 per cent.—less than
one half. We must,of course, import more
than &Able the amount of foreign iron togot
the present amount of revenue, and to that
extent break up the American supply. Now,
it was impossible to make our people double
their consumption, and so the .result must
necessarily be to get them to take foreign
goods where they now took domestic, thus
supplying the demand from abroad, and
of course destroying the domestic article_
to that extent. - Was not all this plain ?
j Could any man in his senses denyit?— ~
lAndthen, besides, where was the Secretary
going to get the money to . pay for all - these •
foreign goods? There was the rub. The
'gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Bailey)
talked about exporting potatoes to - Ireland.
Export potatoes to Ireland ! Ho would
tell that gentleman that last year we int.•
ported 211,327 bushels paying a duty of
ten cents per bushel-15,045 from Ireland,
while Ireland. tookof all our grain only 790
bushels of corn, not a barrel of flour; corn
meal, or a bushel of grain, or its produc
tions in any other form. , The whole of
our mighty exports of breadstuffsto Eng- •
land, Scotland and Ireland, amounted •to
' less than $224,000, less than one fourth - of
a million—less than could be furnished by
a single Western county. Potatoes wore
cheaper in Ireland thaii in the United
, Stales, Yet the people arEr.starving, because.
they had' no protection against England, no
money, no _employment. .This was the
effect of "free wade with England, and it
was peciselv the condition into which free
trade with England would soon bring this
country, if it were adopted. . "Free trade'-
with England reminded him ofan aneedots
of an Irishman, who, when complaining of
starvation in Ireland, was asked whether
potatoes were not very cheap ? He an
swered,,,Chape ! the Lord love ye,they're ,
but saxpence a bushel." "How is it, then,
you are starving ?" "Just because ws
have no work, and cant get the sixpence."
[A. laugh.] Such were the fruits of ex
changing agricultural products for mantt=
factured goods—the products of manual
labor for the products of -machinery— -:
working the hoe against the loom. Such
had been and always would be the result
of this miserable system of policy, when
ever and wherever adopted. . ..
TAXATION. ~ .
Next, the gentleman complained of tax
ation. If protective du ties, as he had proved,
reduced prices, where was the taxation t
But suppoie it be admitted that the duties
on foreign goods are added to the price.—
Then I ask what tax did farmers now pay
the United States ? Nothing. Many of •
them used nothing but domestics. They
bought no foreign goods except tea and,
lcoffee, and they were free. Thottsande
and hundreds of thousands of our people
I don't pay a dollar a year into the National
Treasury, and thousands not a cent. How
would it be under a' system of direct taxa
tion ? The burdens of the Federal Goy
eminent would fall on farmers and labor
ers more heavily than the • heaviest State
1 taxation. Under a system of direct tax
the proportion of Pennsylvania would be
three millions a year—more than double
her present State taxation. But all those
burdens put together are nothing compared
to the taxes imposed on us by the British.
To, form an idea of its extent, let every
gentleman ascertain the number of stores
selling British goods in his district. These
merchants are all tax-gatherers for England,'
taking millions and tens of millions of
specie from our farmers fur British agri
cultural produce, wool, and every thing
else converted into goods, and sent here
and sold to our farmers, who have those
very materials or, their hands rotting for
want of a Aarket ; and this is 'the ruinous
system recommended to our farmers by
these. "free-trade" advocates. The far
mers understand it, and, they will let gen. ,
denten know it 'at the polls. They will
let gentlemen know what they think. of
this ~ b ud every thing and sell nothing,
policy." They know that the farmer; who
sells more than ho buys gets rich, and he
who buys more than he sells gets poor; anti
they know that the same theory is true
with regard to nations; they know - lhat,
to sell more and buy less is the way to
Wealth, and that the opposite course ii the
road to bankruptcy and ruin. A striking
illustration of . the truth of - this may be
found in the fact that during the reduction
of these duties under the compromise ;Mt
our imports exceeded our exports upttraTdl
of three hundred millions, and the woe- -
titmice was that our specie was all experk . •
ted, our banks broken, thtiresettry empty,
people impoverished, and two hundred ~
millions of State sit per tent. bond( plat le_
Europe lo pay this unfavorable hele)tte-e- Of'
trade, where they 'still_ remafe; 0044 -•
Away our specie to 1 , 4 the iettettipt
ii
This prolific
IWIIOLE N 0.584.
AritiUM.]