[D. A. 111 . 1.: ER. II DECOR AND PROPRIETOR VOL. XVII.-23.t POETRY. For the Star and Banner :73]J`TE 'ROBES. A white robe for an infant! To speak of God 'tis given; For of such, the holy page hath said, The kingdom is, of heaven, In its innocence and purity, 'Tis like the untinged snow A white robe for an infant ! Ere sin hath stained its brow. • A white robe for the maiden When her young and joyous heart By the world's touch bath nicer been Or pierced by sorrow's dart. In the light of mirth and gladness She culls life's flowers now ; A white robe for the maiden ! lire its the/ )is have torn her brow A tvhike robe for a bridal! For love and joy arc there, Dark raiment is not fitting, It would mar a scene so lair. And the bride's low voice is music As she breathes her solemn vow; A white robe lbr a bridal ! When the orange wreathes the brow White robes for the departed ! Whom earth will stain no more, For all their toils are ended, Their %%eary match is o'er. And sad and broken-hearted .We yield them up to God ; White lobes for the depot ted ! rre n•e lay them 'neath the sod White robes for spirits ransotned By the Bedeemer's blood ! Who have passed throtigh I leaven's portals, To the "great white throne" of God. Unknown is every sorrow, Death, sin and suffering past; White robes for ransomed spirits May sec all wear at last. Getty,burg, Aug. 15, 1S•1 For the ••S'rnr and ;fanner. ' A ID D Dedichted to the . Lathes of Gett y sburg. Women arc but r. coquette ,how , For man's thilusi on gi% en, Their smiles of joy, their tears of wo, Deceitful shine. deceitful flow— There's nothing false as woman. And false the words of woman's tongue, As fading hues of even, • And love, hope, and protestations long, Are poisons, mingled full and strong,— There's nothing false as Woman. Poor worshippers of a fickle thing! From love to lose we'itle driven Our Lips they kiss and l'or us sing, Vet all their fondness bears a stingy There nothing false as woman POLITICAL. • R EM A RKS OF HON. ANDREW STEWART, CONCLUDED. BENEFITS OF TII►: TARIFF TO FAR TIER-4. Gentlemen dwelt entirely 'upon the benefits of foreign trade. 'l'hey went altogether in labor of importing foreign goods, and creating a market fur the benefit of foreigners. Would our own agri culture be benefited by a process like this ? No thing could more elli2ctually divert the benefit troin our own people and pour it in a constant stream upon tbreign labor. No American inter est was so much benefited by a protective system as that of ogri,tillure. The foreign market was nothing, the home market was every thing to thwt ; it was one hundred to one. The Tariff gaVe us the great home market, while the gentle man's scheme was to secure us, at best, but the chance of a market abroad, while it elketually de• stroyed our secure and invaluable market at ironic. Gentlemen were very anxious to compute with the pauper labor of Europe. I will tell them one fact : With all the protection we now enjoy, Great Britain sends into this country eight dollars' worth of her agricultural productions to one dollar's worth of all our agrteultural productions (save cotton and tobacco) that she takes from us. This I will prot:e by the returns furnished by Mr. Walker himself in support of the bill which he has laid before the Committee of Ways and Me a ns. Now I assert, and can prove, that more than half the value of the British merchandise imported into this country consists of agricultural products, changed in form, converted and manufactured into ' goods— And I invite a thorough analysis of the facts. I challenge gentlemen to the scrutiny.— Take down all the articles in a store, one after another—estimate the value of the raw material, the bread and meat, and other agricultural pro ducts, which have entered into their fabrication, and it will be found that one half and more of their value consists of the productions of the soil—agri cultural products in its strictest SellEe. Now, by reference to Mr. Walker's report, it will be seen that, for twelve years back, we have imported from Great Britain anti her dependencies annually 5:23 millions of dollars worth of goods, but call it 31) millions, While she took of all our agricultural prodticts, save cotton and tobacco. less than two and a half millions of dollars' Worth.— Thos, then, assuming one-halt' the value of her goods to be agricultural, it gives us -25 millions of her agricultural produce to :23 millions of ours taken by her, which is just ten to one ; to avoid cavil, 1 put it at eight to one. To test the truth of his position, lie7Was prepared, if time permit ted, to refer to numerous facts. But for the infor mation of gentlemen who are such great friends to the poor and oppressed farmers, I will tell them that we have im ported yearly, for twenty-six yeats, (so says Mr, Walker's report,) more than ten mil lions of dollars' worth of woollen goods. Last year we imported $10,6611,176 worth. Now, one hall, and more of the value of this cloth was made up of wool, the subsistence of labor and other agricultural productions. The general estimate is, that the wool alone is half. The universal custom among farmers, when they had their, wool manufactured on the shares, was to give the manufacturer half the cloth. Thus we inr• port, and our farmers have ro pay, for five mil lions of-dollars worth of foreign wool every year in the form •of cloth, mostly the production of sheep feeding on the grits and grain of Great . Britain, while our own wool is worthless for want of a market ; and this is the policy gentlemen re- commend to American farmers. Yes, sir; and not satisfied' with fire frontons, they Wish to in- Crease it to ten millions,a ye.i,r for . eign wool Will gentlemen deny this 1 ;liter not. They 'inported Mr. War.;;er's br:!.. reducing the dirties! wodelil nearly pun WO a v:•_w to or• crease the revenue; of course, the imports must be doubled, making the import of cloth twenty millions instead of ten, and of wool ten instead of live mill inns of dollars per annum. This was the plan to favor the farmers, British ?armors, by giving them the American market. Their plan was to buy every thing, sell nothing, and get rich. (A. laugh.) What was true as t., cloth was epially true as to every thing else.— Take a hat, a pair of shoes, a yard of silk or lace, analyze it, resolve it into its constituent eleMentl, and you will find that-the raw material, and the substance of labor, and other agricultural products, constituted inure than one hall.its entice value.— The pauper labor• of Europe employed in manu facturing silk and lace got what it eat, no more; and this is what you pay tbr when you purchase their goods. Break up your home manufactures, and home markets, import every thing you eat and drink and wear, (or the brarfil of the farmers. Oh, what friends these gentlemen are to the far mers and mechanics and laborers of the country— no, sir, I am wrong, of Great. Britain. Asa still stonger illustration of In argument, Mr. S. referred to the article of iron. Last year, acconling to Mr. Walker's Report, yve,inip/rted 59,043,3f1iti WO rib of foreig n iron, and its manufac tures, mostly from Great Britain, fourdiflis of the value of winch, as every practical man knew, con sisted of agricultural produce-nothing else.— Iron is made of ore and coal ; and what is the ore and coal buried in your mountains worth ? No thing—nothing at all, unused. What gives it val ue', The labor of horses, oxen, mules and men: And what sustained this labor but corn and oats. hay and straw for the one, and bread and meat and vegetables of every kind for the other. These agricultural products were purchased and Coll,tl - and this made up nearly the whole price of the iron which the manufactuier received and paid over to the farmer again and again, as often as the process was repeilted., Iti ell, is not iron made in England of the same materials that it is made of here Certainly ; then is not lour fifths of the value of itish iron made up of Brit ish agricultural produce? And if we purchase Mire millions of dollars of British Iron a year, do we not pay six or seven millions of this sum for the produce of British tanners—grain. hay, gia-s. bread, meat, and other provisions for Wall and beast—sent here for sale in the form of iron? Ile _put it to the gentleman from Virginia. (Mr.BAYI.I) to say if this was not true - to i the letter. Ile hinged him to deny it, or disprove it, if he chub!. The gentleman's plan was to break down these great and growing markets for our d'wn farmers, and give our markets to the British ; and yet he ip-,!frsscd to be a friend to American farmers ! !— "From such'fiiends goad Lord deliver thcrn!'— One remark - more on this topic. Secretai'Y \Val. ker informs us that the present duty on iron is 75 per cent., which he proposes to reduce to 30 per cent., to increase the revenue. To do this. must he not then double the imports of iron'? Clearly; he must. Then we must add ten or twelve muillious a year to our present imports Mirror, and of court e destroy that amount of our domestic supply to make room for it. Thus, at a blow, in the single article of iron, this bill is intended to destroy the American markets for at least eight millions of dollars worth of domestic agricultural produce to be supplied from abroad ; and this is the Amin i can—no! the British—system of policy which is now attempted to be imposed upon this country by this British-hating Administration ! Let them do it, and in less than two years there will not be a specie-paying bank in the country. The people and the Treasury will be again bankrupt, and the scenes and suffering:3 of 15.10 will return; and with it, as a necesary consequence, the politi cal revolutions of that period. REPEAL OF 'IIIE (OR'S LAW—ITS EF- KAPPA But the congratulates the West on the.prospect of an early repeal of the corn laws.— But, in his opinion, if the corn laws were repealed, the. people 01 the West would scarcely get a bush el of their grain into England on any terms, (Mr. BAs LT. Do you mean what you say, that not one bushel will go there?) 711 r: STEwawr. 1 will answer the gentleman by giving him Lord Ashburton's speech in the House of Lords a few days ago. He states that nine-tenths of the grain now imported in Great Britain is supplied from the north of Europe, al though they pay a tax of 15 shillings the quarter: while that from Canada, and the U. States passing through Canada, pays but four shillings. Repeal the duty of fifteen shillings, agd will they not sup• ply the whole? Most clearly they will. The act is notorious, that most of our grain and flour now goes Ito England, through her colonial ports, and at • coloniabduties, thus wading the operation of the cOrnlaWs, while the grain and, flour from the north ot ; Europe must always pay the highest dirties imposed by the corn laws. hence Lord Ashburton very justly argues, that we must be overwhelmed if the corn laws are repealed, and this great advantage now enjoyed by Canada and the U. States, of importing flour and grain at a bout one-fourth of the duty paid by importers from the Baltic and Black spa. Repeal the corn laws —put them on an equal footing with us, and is not the qestion settled, and the market lost to our grain and flour in all time to come 1 Nothing can he'ckarer. And yet gentlemen exult in the pros pect of the repeal of the corn laws, and are ready to sacrifwe the whole of our manufactures and home markets to bring it about. Such will be the operation of the repeal of the corn laws on Agriculture, and such is the statement of Lord' Ashburton, who perhaps knows as much about the matter as even the learned gentleman from Virginia. But this is not all. This opinion of Lord Ashburton is sustained by the most intelli gent merchants in Great Britain. Such is the u niform tenor of the testimony recently taken be. fore a select committee of the Mouse of Commons on this subject. Henry Cleaver Chapman, one of the witnesses, and one of the most intelligent men in the kingdom, says : "Repeal the corn laws, and the growing trade with Canada and the lf"cstcr•u Stairs of .Imerira will be crushed by the cheaper prodrictions'of the 13altic and Black sea; come qirently," Ire adds, '•.lrncrira, Canada, and British shipping, would receive a severe and decisive blow by the repeal of the corn laws.' But still the gentleman from Virginia exults in the pros pect of the repeal of the corn laws, and boasts of the market it will open to our Western farmers. to whom, however, he, will not give one dollar for their rivers and improvethents—not a cent—but is anxious to seduce them into this British free trade trap; but he worth! say to the West, “timeo Halmos," trust your friends and beware of your enemies. Look at the boasted foreign market, what is it I Comparatively nothing. Look at facts. The agricultural productions of tire United States, exclusive of cotton and tobacco, rule esti mated at one thousand millions per year. Our exports to all the world amounted last year $ll,- 195,515. Of this, G. Britain took about two and a half. All the rest was consumed at home. So the foreign marketsof the world amounted to 11 Millions, arid the home market to 989 millionsl— Net the gentleman had just pronounred the for eign markets every thing to the farmers ; and the home markets comparatively nothing. We are told by the gentleman, a well at by the `.'ecretaiy GETTYSBURG, PA, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 21, 15,16. of the Treasnry,that if we will reduce our Tariff, England will repeal It - fr corn laws, and open her ports to our breadstutTh to enrich our farmers.— Now, sir, I beg farmers to look at official facts sent to us by this Secretary a few days Entre.— ' Look at the report on commerce and navigation and you will be astonished to see that England, Scotland, and Ireland last year took front the U. States f..f,Olubt , s•hr/s! of wheat, and 35.;.;55 barrels of flour, equal in all to 178,785 bushels of wheat —not equal to the production of a single county in Pennsylvania or Ohio. England imports about eighteen millions of bushels of wheat yearly. For six years prior to IS-13, she imported annually more than twenty millions, and of this only 178,- 875 from the U. States—not a hundredth part of her foreign supply. What an immense market fur our bread-stuff! ' And would the repeal of the corn laws help you Clearly not. It will favor other countries just as much as it will favor you: if the duty is taken off of your grain, it is taken off of theirs. So it leaves you just where you are nay, worse. For we now get a large *amount of , grain to England through the Canadian ports at d shillings ditty. while the wain of Europe now I pays 18. Repeal the corn laws, and this advan tage is lost f.rever, and our trade through the col-1 onial ports is at an end. Clearly, then the repeal' of the corn laws will be an injury, and a great in jury. to our farmers on the Canadian frontier, IA out in the least favoring any body else. East year Crteat Britain and Ireland took of all the giain and Mead-stuffs of the U :states, wheat rye. oats, corn, flour, awl meal of all kinds, 3 -, 1 dollars worth, not a quarter of million ; I we took from her `;•l'. , ,lfS-1. 4 t5t) worth of her nearly fifty millions of dollars. These ate official ntets, yet the Seen:tars - of the Treasury who com municates them says, if we don't reduce our tariff and take more British goods, England will base to pay us specie Gar our bread-.stuffs. ‘t hat an absurdi v. Bhe asks one-fourth of a million of our bread hilt>,:nut sve take fifty millions of her goods_: pet she must pay specie for our bye id stuff, !! But Great Britain took in the same year worth of cotton, yet this CO,'loii-gTow- Secretaty is not satisfied. We of the IVe , t must break op our markets. send our spe a r to Eng land to purchase wool and other agricultural pro duce. converted into goods, and support labor, fed by British Mend and meat, so that England may have plenty 01 specie to pay high priers for .Ir. Walker's cotton. Farmers of the West, what say you to•this f Will you submit? If you do, you are slaves and you deserve it. But another liwt. Our exports of manufacture last year, including those of wool amounted to $13,4:29.10;. Assu ming as in the case of British manufactures, that one-half of their value is: made: up of American agricultural jiroduce, then we export nearly scent millions of dollars worth of agricultural produce in the form of mallut - actures, which does not glut or injure the foreign Markets. for our dour and grain, in its original form. To use a familiar il lustration : Western farmers send their corn, hay, and oats. thousands of dollars worth, every ,year. to the Eastern market, nut in its rude and origi nal fqrm, Litt in the forM of hogs and horses; th e y rive th e ir hay stacks life and legs. and make them trot to market with the farmer on their back. .[A laugh So the British converted their produce, not into hogs or horses, but into cloth and iron, :nul send it here for sale. And viewing the sub ject in this hgln, he could demonstrate that there was lint a State in the Union that did not consume fire dollars worth of British agricultural moduce to one dollars worth she consumes: of theirs. Time would not peirnit him to go into details; but he would furnish the elements from which any one could make the calculation. Assuming that con stimption and 6-porta/ion are in proportion to pop ulation, then we import 30 millions of British goods, and 2:i millions—one-half— is agricultural produce. We export to England agricultural pro duce [excluding cotton and tobacco] 2A millions. pividethese sums, 23 and 23 millions, by 2.21, the number of Representatives and it gives I 1:2,- 11)S as the amount of British agricultural produce consumed in the form of goods in each Compess• ional district ; and 11;210 as their export to G. Britain of agricultural produce. This gives the proportion of ten to one. Yet gentlemen are not satisfied. and wish still further to increase the im port of British goods, and still further prostrate and destroy the American farmer, and mechanic, and laboring man to favor foreigners. EFFECT UPON CURBENCY. To show the effect upon currency, as well as agriculture, suppose the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. BAYLY] wants a new coat ; lie goes to a British importer and pays him 20 dollars, hard money, and hard to get. England takes none of your rag money. [A laugh.] Away it goes, in quick time. We see no more of it ; as far as circulation is concerned, the gentleman might as well have thrown it into the tire. I want a coat. Igo to the American man ufacturer and buy $2O worth of American broadcloth. Ile wore no other, and he would compare coats with gentlemen on the spot. [A laugh.] Well, the manu facturer, the next tlay,.gave it to the farmer for wool; he gave it to the shoemaker, the hatter, and blacksmith ; they gave it back to the farmer for meat and bread; and here it went from one to another. You might perhaps see his busy and bustling $2O note live or six times in the course of a day.— This made money plenty. But where was the gentleman's hard money ? Van ished ; gone to reward and enrich the wool growers and farmers, shoemakers, hatters and blacksmiths of England. Now, Igo for supporting the American farmers and mechanics, and thy_ gentleman goes for the British—that's the difference. Can the gentleman deny it ? There are but two sides in this matter, the British and the dmerican side ; and the simple question is, which side shall we take ? The great struggle is between the British and ./Itner lean farmers and mechanics for the Amer ican market, and we must decide which shall have it. 1311TIs11 INFLUENCE AND SIR ROBERT PEEL'S POLICY EXPOSED Mr. S. would here take occasion to state afaet that would startle the American peo ple. - The British numfacturcrs have, at this moment, possession of this capitol.— Yes, sir, I tell you and the countryone of the principal committee rooms in this house is now, and has been for weeks past, occupied by a gentleman formerly residing in Manchester, England, who has a vast number; perhaps hundreds of specimens of good's sent from Manchester [priced to suit the occasion - 1 to be exhibited to meat- "F E IILESS AND I' hers of Congress to enlighten their judg ments, and in the language of his letter of instruction front Manchester of the 3d of January, '4O, accompanying these speci mens. to enable them [members of Con gressj "to arrive at just conclusinns in re gard to the proposed alterations in the pres ent tariff." Yes, sir, agents, specimens, and letters from G. Britain instructing us how to make a tariff to suit the British. Speaking of the President's message,. this Manchester letter-writer calls Mr. Polk „ a second Danicl come to judgement, a I second Richard Cobden ;" and so delighted ; were they with Mr. Walker3's celebrated free-trade report, that it was ordered to be printed by the House of Lords. After all this, having our President and Secretary i on their side, they ought to have been con tent, without sending their letters of in structions here to direct us what kind of a ! tariff they wish us to pass. But if their chancellor had sent us a revenue bill, he could not have furnished one to suit Great' Britain better than the one furnished by the Secretary of the Treasury. went would pass it by acclamation. Sir Robert Peel understands his business ; he • proposes to take the duties off bread-stuffs and raw materials of all kinds used by their manufacturers, and remove every burden, so as to enable them to meet us and beat us in our own markets, and itt the markets of the world, where Yankee competition is beginning to give them great uneasiness. Last year we exported hundreds of thou samls of dollars worth of cotton goods into the British East Indies, and boat the ilrit ish in their own markets, after pavina dis . criminating duties imposed to keep us out, first 8, then 1U , finally fifteen pet. cent.— In this grit struggle, Sir Robert Peel conies to ftc rescue ; he repeals the duty on cotton ae l wool, and bread and meat, and every thing used by British manufae turrs, to enable them to go ahead in this struggle with Americans. Ile understands the great interests of his country., and, like a great and true statesman, lie takes care of them. Ile sees a new crisis, and he meets it like a man. lie sees that the man ufactures of Great Britain, the great pillars of her national prosperity, are tottering to their fall; he sees that powerful rivals are springing up in dig U. States and in Eu rope, who are not only supplying them selves, but threatening to drive G. Britain out of the markets of the .world. meot tins t • :Ind fearful crisis, what does he do ? lie addresses the lords and landhold ers of England, with whom he had been ! always politically identified, thus: "Gen-' denten, stern necessity now demands that I you surrender some temporary advantages to save your country and yourselves. Our manufactures are threatened with destruc tion ; they are Your great Si only markets ; they consume, carry abroad, and sell one hundred and tzvent . ztlive ni idiot's of. your agricultural produce annually—thus ma king England the greatest agricultural ex porting country in the world. Bin if you suffer your.• Manufactures to be destroyed by foreign competition, what becomes of you ? W here arc your markets ? Can you carry your bread and meat, your wool and other prod ets abroad in a raw and unmanufactured form? Our manufactu rers are giving way; last year the U. States sold in the foreign markets more than thirteen millions of manufactured goods, and the question is now presented,willyou sustain your manufactures in this struggle by cheapening their living, or will you hold on and break them down, and with them your country and youselves?'"rhis no ble and patriotic appeal had its effect; the cern laws were repealed, and what does Mr. Walker du? Just the reverse. lie proposes to take off all protective duties, and imposes heavy burdens on the raw ma terials, dye-sniffs, Sze.,used by our man ullicturers so as effectually to prostrate and break them down. Sir Robert Peel takes burdens' off his steed, while Sir Robert Walker piles bags of sand on his—then crack their whips—clear the road—a fair race ! [A laugh.] Such is the difference between British and American policy.— Sir Robert Peel's present system furnish es powerful arguments for adhering to our protective system—his object is, not to fa vor, but to beat us ; and our course is, not to defeat, but to favor his purpose. This trill not only be the effect of the 'tariff pro= posed by our Secretary, but it is its open and avowed purpose and design. Is it not the proelaiMed purpose of the message and report to incrcrease the importation of British goods, and of course, to that extent,, destroy American supply ? .Does not the I Secretary propose to reduce the protective duties on most articles more than one-half for the purpose of increasing revenue; and if the revenue is increased by reducing du tics one-half, must not the import be more than doubled ? T his is self evident; and \ if you double your imports of foreign goods, must you not destroy to that extent Amer ican supply ? Most certainly unless the' Seeretaryamn, in his wisdom, devise a plan to'make people eat, drink, and wear dou ble as much as they now do. But where will we find money to pay for them ? But,: startling and extraordinary as it may ap-: pear, our Secretary, for the first time in the history of the world, has boldly and' openly avowed it as the object of the Gov- eminent to break down and destroy its own manufactures, for the purpose of making way for those of foreigners. In the very • first paragraph of his argumentative report, he sets out with . stating that the revenue of the first quarter of this year is two , lions less than the first quarter of the last, and that this has been occasioned by the substitution of highly protective .dmericuu manufactures for foreign imports; and this evil, this terrible evil, this dmerican Secretary proposes to remedy by reducing the protective duties, and thus breaking up this abominable business of "substituting domestic products," made by ✓lmcrican labor out of ✓lmerican produce, for Brit ish. goods, made by British labor out of Il;•itish produce. Oh, but he hates the British. Now, sir, this is not only the doctrine of his test, but it runs through his whole sermon of 957 pages. No wonder it was printed by the House of Lords; and let our Secretary carry through this bill, & Queen Victoria would gladly transfer the seals front Sir Robort Peel to Sir Robert Walker, for he will have rendered her a greater service than any tither man, dead or li ring. But this is not only the doctrine of the Treasury report, but of the message itself. The revenue standard laid down in the message aims a death blow at all American industry. It suggests a kind of "sliding scale" so that when anti• branch of American industry begins to beat the foreigner, and supply the market, and thereby diminish imports and revenue, this is evidence that die duty is too high, and ought to be redu ced, so as to let in the foreign rival produc tions ; but let the ['resident speak for him self--here is his revenue standard in his own words : “The precise point in the ascending scale of duties at which it is ascertaibed from experience that the revenue is greatest, is the maximum rate of duty which can be laid for the bona fide purpose of collecting money for the support of Government.— To raise the duties higher than that point, and thereby diminish the amount collected, is to levy them lot protection merely, and not for revenue. As long, then, as Con gress may ;gradually increase the rate of duty on a given article, and the revenue is increased by suck increase of duty, they are within the revenue standard. When they go beyond that point, and as they in crease the duties the revenue is diminish ed or destroyed, the act ceases to have for its object the raising of money to support Government, but is lir protection merely.” What is this but a rule to favor foreign ers and break down Americans ? The mo nient the American by his superior indus: try and skill begins to succeed, and by sup plying the market diminish imports and revenue, then the duty must come down so as to increase foreign imports and revenue. This is the plain, and inevitable operation of the rule, and who would go into manu facturing under such an anti-American rule as this, making the penalty—death by the law—certain and inevitable. And yet we • are told that this system is to be perina nent—a system based upon fluctuations and continual change, is to be permanent! It was "a sliding scale," working by leg i s - lotion. The President says, continue to increase the duty so long as it increases the revenue, but reduce it when it is so high as to reduce revenue. - What would be the practical result ? The President', runs up- his revenue duty on articles we do not now produce ; these duties at length induce investment of capital ; machinery and labor go to work and supply the mark et ; imports and revenue consequently fall oil'; then down with the duties till you destroy American competition and supply. This done, and again the Pres ident puts up his revenue duties till he again starts competition ; then down with the duties again ; and so on forever.— Such must be the praCtical working of the system. Vet it is recommended as a per manent saystcm, to put ai rest the agita tions of the Tariff! So far from it, Con gress would have to remain in session' permanently to watch and adjust this Ex-1 eeutive "sliding scale," to suppress and I F.mploFents, Shoemakers, . - 'l'ailors, - . _ I3laeksmiths, • Hatters, - - Tanners, - . . Iron makers, - ~ . Miners of coal, . Glass makers, • ... Paper makers, - - Hemp, Cordage, &c. - • Lead, . - Pins, - - .. Nails and spikes, • . .Manufactures of Wool, - Do. cotton, - Do. silk, - ' - Salt, • . • Sugar, - - Brandy and Epirits distilled from 'griin, &c Wool,- - - Blankets, - - • - Potatoo,:, The question, then. is distinctly pre ed to all these mechanics, manufacturers and farmers, whether they are prepared to submit to these reductions in their prices and wages, or give up the mullet to for eigners f One or the other they must do why ? Mr. Walker says, t ri in crease the revenue ; but this is manifestly not true ; for when. you take all the in crease of imports Mr. Walker himself es timates, and assess on these the proposed reduced duties, there will be, on his own showing, a loss /instead of a gain of reve nue. Th'en-'l..Thy the proposed reduction! FERNS-TWO DOLLARS PER A51I")1.1 W HOLE NO. 585. keep down American labor, and secure to foreigners the undisputed possessiotrof the American market. In the language oldie Secretary, to prevent the "substitution of American rival fabrics for foreign goods ;" and this system was certainly admirably calculated to accomplish this, its avowed object. EFFECTS OF AD VALOREM DUTIES Ad valorem duties had been universally rejected throughout the world, and when ever specific duties could he adopted; they were substituted - for ad valorems. And why ? Because all experience had proved that they led to all kinds of frauds and eva sions, and were utterly inadequate to the purposes of either revenue or protection.— They made out and swore to their invoice nt any price they pleased, thus cheating the revenuem hilt they broke down our hon est shippers, mechanics and manufacturers. For these destructive effects there was no remedy. On the other hand, specific du ties, levied on the thing, and not its price, must be fairly and honestly paid. Another.pernieions effect of ad valorem duties was this—theygave protection when it was nut wanted, and took it away when it teas—thus when goods went doWn itt price abroad, and consequently run into our markets, the duties went down with the prices, but when the prices raised so high abroad that they could not be import. ed, then the duties were high in propor. lion ; for instance, when iron was $6O per ton abroad, and,coUld not be imported; then 30 per cent. ad valorem would. be $lB per ton ; but if iron fell to what it was a few years ago, 25 per ton, when it' could and would be imported to the ruin of our man ufacturers, then the duty, 30 per cent., ad valorem would fall from $lB to $7 50 per ton; thus making dear goods dearer and cheap goods cheaper-,-giving high protec tion when none was wanted, and no pro. tection at all when it was. These were a few of the many objections to this miser able and ruinous system of ad valcirems, adopted here when cast oIT and rejected every where else ; but this was in perfect harmony with the Secretary's whole scheme, which was avowedly to prevent "the substitution of American manufactures for British goods." Its purpose was to favor the British and break down the A mericans, and it would answer its purpose. It was playing - into the hands of Sir Rob ert Peel, and carrying out the policy of this British-hating Administration. Giving up Oregon was nothing; but giving up our national independence, and reducitg us a. gain to the condition of colonies, was too bad. The remedy is with the people, and they must apply it. If gentlemen desired an appropriate title for their bill, he would furnish one, and move it as an amendment of the bill passed, viz : bill to reduce the Antics on luxurie‘ .. of the rich, and to increase them on the necessaries of the poor ; to bankrupt the treasury, strike down American farmers, mechanics, and working men; to make way for the products of foreign agriculture and foreign labor; to destroy American competition, threby establishing a foreign monopoly in the American market ; and, by adopting the principles of freetrade, to re duce the now prosperous labor of this coun try to the degraded level of the pauper la bor of Europe, and finally destroy the pros perity and independence of,these United States, and again reduce them to the condi- " tion of colonies and dependencies of Great Britain." THE PRACTICAL EFFECTS OF THIS BILL, The operation of this bill upon the na tional industry will be seen from the fol lowing examples, assuming that the reduc tion of wages will always be in proportion to the reduction ofprotection, and that, as home consumption cannot be increased, home production must be diminished to the extent of the increased importations : c., 0.-• i tn . : I/1 0 0 ta tn E•; Ig . . 2 S'• 1 , 7 o. L . .) I ' • i• . • • 1 '' 0 . 8 ' 7- .. - :?, 0 . "' tn S . i C •-• P." . = .--• : ' t 14 0 . < L, .?, .i .. :2 J "F 2 I X. • .v . ~. _ ~. = —si i 03 •E a., -z .... r.,-,: 8 i ,V, 8 E . E -a, P- P. i •;..-. sE ~ ! Fh' ...., a, I 1••• ~. i f cl.- ; 812,250 I 843,000 43 pec.ct. 1 30 per ct. ) 1,173,028 j 200,000 50 " 30 2011,000 y 61 gg I 30 gg 16,616 110,1100 49 " 1 30 " 128,277 ; 100.000 ! 40 " 1 20 " 4,460,553 1,185,01)0 75 " I 30 " 223,919 i 5,156,000 , I 30 ,C 106,905 I 100,000 90 " I 25 " 51,724 I 150,000 1 75 g; ; 30 355,873275,000 1 65 " I 25 " 1j 92 "1 . 20 " 45,078 1 50,000 70 " 20 " I 66 " 1 20 ", 10,037,875 2,000,000 I 40 " 30 " —j 90 " 25 " 1 42 25 " 898,663 1,000,009 I 76 " 20 ' 4 4,780,355 , 630,000 1 gg 30 " 180 " 100 40 " 30 I 30 " , 20 " 35 " i 20 " 1,650,79.1 i 200,000 I 56,9.0 i 150,000 ent- To substitute foreign for American fabrics, as declared in Mr. Walker's report. To favor foreigners by breaking down Ameri can mechanics, manufacturers, enti_far mers ; and this Anii,lynerican measure is to be passed under the party lash of this Administration, and to be approved bTflie people. We shall sm.! ' But gentlemen were in love with the scheme, width° party had ordained that it shouldbe tried. Let its advocates go home and tell the shoemakers, and carpen ters, and blacksmiths, and tannersotindhall ters, that they had voted to take 20 peer
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