i4. .S ; The whole art ok Government consists in the art op being honest. Jefferson. STROUDSBURG, MONROE COUNTY, 1A., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1848. .No. 20 VOL 9. published by Theodore Schoclt. -o dollars per annum in advance-Two dollars TEaM-Tfli.caryandif not paid before the endof aui a lrtcr, ruii . an'd a half T,ll)ge who ruceivt. lheir the year, 1 " or slage dnvers employed by the proprie- i PPers.,,i.? hkreed 37 1-2 cents, per year, extra. tor, i fT"-nntinued until all arrearages are pam, except No p.tper u'SCI "" E(lllor atf fK-menls not exceeding one square (sixteen lines) irTAJverilSwi"-'" , " -,,n,. . tu.-fmtv.five L..Tn. imerie-1 inreo vicuna iui uhcuui, -7 -i fur crerv subsequent insertion, mccnarge jur vwu three insertions the same. A liberal discount made to yearly r?AU letters addressed to the Editor must be post-paid. JOB PRINTING. i ...,...,t nfi-.rtTivolfraiit.rlaiii andorna llIiS' bc nronamd to CXeCUle CVCrV description of Cards, Circulars, Bill Meads, Notes, . XsiaiiK Abecuci&, JUSTICES, LEGAL AND OTHER BLANKS, PAMPHLETS, &c. printed with neatness and despatch.on reasonable terms AT THE OFFICE OF THE Jefferaouian Republican. Love laughs at Locksmith. he truthof this old adage was exemplified in Phil- delphia the other day, in a novel manner. The sto- y as related in the Pennsylvanian.i3 that Mr Drake, wealthy tobacconist ol that city had a charming aughter,Amy by name, who had given her heart to young journeyman carpenter, named EL Hughes, , ., .i hi- j., rT,i.:.-. iot overouraeneu wun inis worm s n"UU3, A",a Ir. Drake had a decided objection to, and follow- .1 1 J - in c-.ml, r'lCOa llO ldoL-pH M 15S fig UlC Olll CAptJlWCIIV 111 out.ll kiiiis, t"- ...w.. my up to keep her away from her loving carpen- urninjj home, met a colossal son of Africa at his oor with a large roll of bedclothes on his shoul- er. Ebony enquired of him if he was the gentle- .... . . an who bought the bedding at some place in . , fV 41 .1 outh sheet. " JNo take yourseii on, was me iarp reply. " I don't buy second hand at tides South street," being somewhat indignantly add , " This is not yours, then," suggested the dus- y gentleman. " No be oft with your dirty lug- ige" responded the labacconist, ending the col quy, and the porter hastened to convey the "dir luggage" lo Mr. Hughes, who received it with Via-,..,,. ,fo1 irrra fin nnrrilirno the cnunterDanB ,1Ca,4 -p ir i . - , i ., i ri ihich covered the parcel, a very snug piece ol loods answering the description ot Miss Amy; )rake was found inside. Ihe young lady had oncerted this scheme, and with the assistance of( Wejsh wnhin hese four or five ageSf and wi,h ier maid, had contrived to roll herself in the bed,,he more unciv,iizefi p,rl 0f ,he Highlanders uilts and thus be conveyed to her lover. Matri- (VVI, , our 0wll u,r,e8. And even at no great gonial arrangements were being perfected, but . he the twain could be made one, the indignant ather arrived with two police officers and arres d Mr. Huhes for the theft of a counterpane. fhe Mayor, however, discharged the case. Thi3 ettainly is the very latest style of elopement, and Lould be speedily patented. The Pass-word. Mr. Lover tells a good anecdote of an Irishman ntnir tne pass-word at tne Dauie 01 rontenoy, at lie time tne ureal oaxe was mar.snai. .1 . f- ! . 1 'The pass-word is Saxe ; now dorrt forget it," jiJ the colonel to Pat. ' Sacks ! Faith and I will not. Wasn't my ather a miller V " Who goes there V1 cried the sentinel, after he Srrired at the post. Pat looked as confidently as possible, and in a tft of a whispered howl, replied : " Bags ! yer honor.' A Sermon jor Young Ladies. Dow, Jr.,' in s of his late sermons, gives the following ad- ice to young ladies : "My young maidens I know you all want ;get married as soon a you enieryour teens; it it is better to remain single and live upon cold soup of solitude, than to marry misery to wed woe. 1 have but a poverty stricken Nun f the majority of my sex. They are rrupted by the miscalled refinements of the so inflated by pride, so fooled by fashion. proud for naught, o afraid of the soil on ich they live, so given to cultivating whis- and mustaches, while their morals are in lost wretched state for want of weeding, and jover-growu with heir, vanity and laziness, scarcely one in twent' is worth being en isled with a wife." normous Chain. Probably ihe largest chain it sent out bi Sierbridge, England, was man- titireo by Messrs. Baily. chain rnanufactur , from whose warehouse ii was removed on e.day week, to the wharf, consigned to a p. in Ijivftrpooi. u wa, a cn3m anj in. ded for the use of an incline : its leiiPth was N of a mile, and its weight alim. i 14 i,.... Ii' " 'aiu,i v ia.net uiuip unii on nii nilft- removed to the wharf in a wapnn drawn ight horses. I : the following advenibefmeitt' appears in the fny Express : " Wanttin abTe-b,odled nn ii Krll m :r.'. . t. ' .v. uuiu uij who a loiigue, sne ana i De finable to keep it stills" On the Antiquity and use ot Beds. It wan universally practice, ;in the first agen, fur mankind to sleep upon ttkins of beasts. It was originally the custom of the Greeks and Romans. It was particularly the custom of the ancient Billons before thp Roman invasion; and these ikins were spread onr fthe , floor of their apartments. Afterwards they were changed for loo.se rushes and heather, as the Welsh a few yeara ago lay on the former, and the High landers of Scotland sleep on the Utter to this present moment. In process of time the Ro mans suggested lo the interior Britons the us,e, and the introduction of agriculture supplied them with the means, of the neater convenient :y of straw beds. The beds of the Roman gen try at this period were generally filled with leathers, and those of the inn with soft down tif reeds. But for many ages the beds of the, Italians had been constantly composed of titraw; U still formed those of the soldiers and officers at the conquest of Lancashire ; and from both our countrymen learnt their use. But it appears to have been taken up only by the gentlemen, as the common Welsh had their beds thinly stuffed with rushes as late as the conclusion of ihe twelfth century; and with the gentlemen it continued many ages afterward. Straw was used even in tjve royal chambers of England as late as the close of the thirteenth. Most of the peasants about Manchester lie on chaff at pres ent, as do likewise the common people all over Scotland; in the Highlands, heath also is very generally used as bedding even by the gentry; and the repose on a heath bed has been cele brated by travellers as a peculiar luxury, supe rior to that yielded by down ; in France and liiily straw beds remain general to this day.--But afier the above period, beds were no lon ger suffered to rest upon the ground. The bei ier mode that had anciently prevailed in he east, and long before been introduced into Italy was adopted in Britian, and they were rupw mounted on pedestals. This, however was equally confined to the gentlemen. Th,e,bed still continued onthe flpor among t.he common people., t;Andthe gross ,custom.that had. pre vailed from the beginning was retained by the ! lower Britons to he last ; and these, ground , . , , v , - , . 1 UCU9 wgig laiu aiunt: mv nan 111,111(11. iiuujuj, - a , - fpu c ,J . . , J. . f . . f . distance from Manchesler, in the neighboring Buxton, and within ihese fifty, or seventy years, the persons that repaired to the bath. are all. 'said to have slept in one long chamber together tne upner part being; alotted.to tne. ladies, .anu t i i - , -i the lower.to ihe, gentlemen, and only parii- iiotifd fro.m each other by a curtain. . The dining or discubitory beds, on which the ancients lay at meals, were four or five feet high. Three iof th8se beds were ordinarily ranged by a square table, (whence bojh. the ta ble aiid.the room where they eat, were called tridui!um,)'tu such a manner that one of the vide of the table remained open, and accessi ble to the waiters. Each bed would, hold three or four, rarely fie, persons. The.se beds were unknown before the becoud Punic, war ; the Romans, till then, set down to eat .oil plain wooden benches, in imitation of the heroes of Homer, or, as Varro expresses it, after the manner of the Lacedermouians and Creia'ns.-4-Scipio Africantis first made an innovation. He had brought from Carihage Kome of these little beds called pumcani, or archaici ; being of a wood common enough, very low, stuffed only with straw or hay, and covered with goat or sheepskins, baedinis strati. In reality, there was no great difference, as to delicacy, between these new beds and the ancient benches'; but the custom of frequent,.bathingt which began then to obtain, by softening and relaxing the body, put men on trying to rest themsejvea more coinmodiously by lying along than by sit ting down. For the ladies it.did not seem at first consistent wiili their modesty to adopt the mode of lying ; accordingly ..they .kept 10 the old custom all the time of the commonwealth ; but, from the first Caesars, they eat , on their beds. For the youth, who had not yet put on, the toga virilis, ihey were long kept to4 the an cient discipline. When they were admitted to table ihey only sat on the edge of the, beds .of their nearext relations. Never, says Suetonius, did ihe young Caesars, Caius and, Lucius, eat at the table of Augustus ; but hey were set in imo Toco, or, as Tacitus expresses it, ad lecli fulcra. F'rom the greatest simplicijythe Ro- I ' .1 . 1 .1 ? J. f 1- mans ny uegrees carriea tneir uining-oeus io ihe moat surprising magnificence. Pliny as sures us ii was no new thing to see them cov ered over with plates of silver, adorned with (he softest mates and the richest counterpanes. Lampriilius, speaking of Heliogabulus, says he had beds of solid silver splida argcnlo habait lectos and Iricliniarcs, and cubitulare. We may add that Pompey, in his third triumph, brought in beds of gold. The Romans had also peas wnereon usey iuuicu,ou))ucui, nyci oun the dead were carried to the funeral pile. American An.tiquities L The first yolume.of the Smithsonian Institution, entitled "Ancient. !lonumehis of the United States," contains the following account of a curious earth work in Ohio : The Gr6at Serpent, Adams Coujjty, Ohio. Probably the most extraordinary earth-work thus far discovered at the West, is the Great Serpent, of which a faithful delineation is givenjn the plate. It is situted on Brush Creek, at a point known as " Three Forks," on entry l,0l4, near the north, line of Adams countv, Ohio, No plan or, description has hitherto been published ; ndr does the fact of its exj'stance appear to have been known beyond the vicinity in which it occurs. The notice first received by the authors of these researches, was exceedingly vague and indefinite, and led to the conclusion that it was a work of defence, with basiio.nsat regular intervals a feature so ex traordinary as to induce a visit, which resulted in the discovery here presented. .The true character of the work is apparent on the first inspection. ' : ?. f It is situated on a, high crescentiformv hill or spur of Und, rising 150 feet .above the level of Brush Creek, which washes-. its base. The side of the hill next the stream presents a per pendicular wall of rock, while the other sub sides rapidly, though it is not so steep as . to preclude cultivation. , The top of the hill is not level, but slightly. convex, and, presents a very even surface, 150,-feet wide by 1000 feet Jong, measuring from its exiremity-to the point where it connects with the table iand. , Conforming to the curve of the hill and occu pying its very summit, is the serpents its,, head resting near the point and: its body winding back for 700 feet in graceful,,- undulations, ter minating in a triple coil at the tail.-The entire length, extended, would not be les ihan 1,000 feet. The accompanying plan laid down fiom accurate survey, can alone gir,e .an adequate conception of the outline of ihe work, which is clearly and boldly defined. . ) m .The embankment is upwards of five feet in height .by .thirty. feet, base, at the centre of the body.jdiminiahing to.ward the head and the tail. The ,neck of the Serpont-ia, stretched out and slightly curved, and. its mouihjwide, as if in tho act of, swallowing or .ejecting an- oval figure, which rests, partially within (ho distended fin i f jaws l nis ovel is tormeU'by an embankment of the earth, without any perceptible opening, is four feet in height, and is-perfectly regular in outline, its transverse and conjugate diame ters being 160 and 180 feetrepectively! The ground within the oval is slightly elevated ; a small circular elevation of large stones much burned. once existed inj its: centre,- but these have all been, thrown down, and scattered by some ignorant visitor,uuder the prevailing im pression, probably, that, gold was bidden, be-neath-iheui. The point of. the hill,, within which this egg-shaped figure rests, seems- to have been artificially. cut tq conform -to its out line, leaing a smooth platform 10 -feat, wide and,somewhat inclined inward, all-around it. . Upon either side, of the Serpent's, .head ex tend two. small triangular elevatiops ten or twelve feet over. . They are. not-high, and al though too distinct io .be overlooked are yet too. much obliterated to be satisfactorily tiaced. Besides a platform or level oval te.rrace, and a large mound in the centre of the Isthmus- con necting the hill with the table land beyond, there. are no ather remains, excepting a few mounds, wiihin.six or eight, miles none,;per haps, nearer than ihe entrenched hill irt High land county, ihirteen miles distant. t. There are a. number, of, work; lower down on Brusji Creek, towards its mouth, but their character is not yet known. , - , The point on v.hich. this curiosity occurs commands an extensive pro.-pect, overlooking the "bottoms" at the junction of the three prin cipal tributaries of, creek. .The .alluvial terraces are here quite extensive,, and it is, a matter of surprise that ho works occur upon them. . The Serpent, separate or in combination with the circle, egg or globe, has been a pre dominant,, symbol among primitive nat!oiis.-T-It prevailed in Egypt, Greece and. Assyria.,, and entered widely, into the superstitions oT the Celts, the Hindoos, and the Chinese. , It even penetrated in America ; and was conspicuous in the mythology of the ancient Mexicins,,,al t hough its significance doea not seen to have materially differed from that which it possessed in the Old World., The fact that jhe ancient Celts, and perhaps other nations of the old con tinent, erected temple structures in the form of the 8ejpentM!s, one,, of high interest.,. ? 01 this description is the temple of Aubiy,.,in Eng land,, in many respects the mosi imposing an cient monument, of the British islands. U is impossible, iii.thi connection, to trace the analogjeswhjch the Ohip structures exhibit to the serpent temples of England, or to , point out the extent lo yf bi.ch the, symbol was applied in America, art investigation fraijghi wjiji i.be greatest interest, both in respect to the, lijjht which jt reflects oirth'e, prjmiye;super.HiuijHis of remoiely' separated people, and especially in the origin of the American race. published by request; Dyniohd's Essays on the Principles of Morality. i. ,, INSOLVENCY. ; ! " Why is a man obliged to pay his debts 1 It is to be hoped that the morality, of few -.persons is lax enough to reply Because the, law compels him. But why, , then, is he .obliged tojpayjhem,! Because the Mora) Law requires it. That -.this .is the primary-ground.-of the obligation is evident; otherwise the payment of any debt which, a vicious or corrupt legislature resolved to cancel, would cease to be obligatory upon the debtor. ; A man becomes insolvent and is made a bank ruut : he pays his creditors ten shillings, instead of twenty, and obtains his certificate.. The law.r therefore, discharges him from the obligation. to pay mor,e.. The bankrupt receives ajarge legacy, or he engages in business and acquires property. Bejng iheja able tq pay the remainder of his debts, does the .legal discharge exempt him from the ob ligation to pay them.? .JSo: and, fur this reason that the legal discharge is not amoral discharge ; that as the duty to pay at all was not .founded pn-. marily on the law, the law cannot wariant him in withholding a part.; ;. , -. ; . , It is however said, that the. creditors ;have re-, ljn'quished their right to the remainder by s;gning, the certificate. B,ut why did ;they accept half their demands instead of the whole h - Because they were obliged to. do it ; theyjcould get no more As to granting the qertificate they do it because, to w.ijhhold it would be only an act. of- gratuitous unkindness. It would be preposterous to say that creditors relinquish iheir claims voluntarily ;. for no one would, give up his'claim to twenty shillings on the receipt often, if he could.get the other ten by.refusing. f It might. as. reasonably be said that a man parts with a limb voluntarily, because, haVr ing incurably laceraled it, he.submits to an ampu tion. It, is, to be,,remembered, .too, that the-neces-sary reljnguishment of half the .-demand -is occa sioned by the debtor himself: and it seems very manifest, that when a man, by his owm-act, de prives another of his property, he cannot allege the consequences of that act .as a justification of withholding it. after restoration is in, his power. The mode in .which an insolvent man obtains a discharge, does not appear to affect .his subse quent duties. Compositions -and bankruptcies, and discharges by an insolvent act are in-ithis re- spect alike. The acceptance of a part instead of the whole is not voluntary, in either ease ; and neither case, exempts the debtor from the obliga- gatlyo pay iQie can. , 5 , . , If it.shquld be urged.ihat when, a person intrusts property tot another, he knowingly undertakes the risk of that other's insol.vensy, and that, if the con tingent looss happens, he..has no claims to justice on the other, the answer is this i that whatever, may be thought, of. these claims, they are not the grounds upon which the debtor is obliged to.-pay. The debtor. always engages to pay, and the erv gagementis- enforced -by morality: the., engage ment therefore is binding, whatever risk another man may,incur.hy relying upon it. .The causes which have, occasioned a person's. insolvency al though ihey greatly affect his character do,not af fect his obligations; the dutyjtoiepay when. he has the power, is the same, whether the ,insolven cy were occasioned hy. his fault or his misfortune. In all cases, the reasoning that applies to the debt, applies also to the- interest that accrues upon it.; although, with respect to the acceptance of both, and especially of interest, a creditor should exer cise a considerate .discretion. ,A man who has failed pf paying his debts.oughtalways to live w:ilh frugality, .and carefully to economise, such, money as he gains. He should. .reflect that he is a, trusT . " r t tee. for rjis creditors, and that, all the needless money which he expends, is not his, but theirs. , The aniount of,property which the, trading part of a commercial .natioa.Joses by, insolvency,, is great enough to constitute a. considerable nation al evil. .The fraud, tqo, i.that is practised under. cover of insolvency, isoubtless the;,most extern 3i"ye of ajl spe.cics of .private -robbery. The pro fligacy of some of these cases, is well known lo.be extremq. He who is a bankiu.pt to-day, ,riojs in the luxuries of.afrlueoce to-morrpw ; baws to- the creditors .whose money he is spending, ?and -exults in the sucrjesn and th impunity of. his w4ck edness-j Qf such, conduct,! we should, not speak, or thin,H, but .jWith.detestatj.on. , We . should t0; more, sit at, the tab. lq, oriake the handt of such- a man, tliqn if, ha kpey he had got his rhoneif last nignpn ,tne, Jtugnway i njsjr,e is a- wiceoness, in aoipe Jiankruptcies jo .which the guilt of ordinary robbers, approaches but at a distance. Happy, u such wickedness could not j)8 practiced with ler gal impu.nity ! Happy tJif Ppblic Opinion suppled the deficiency ,pf the law, and held the iniquity in rightful abhorrence ! . , j ,: j.i1 Perhaps, nothing wquld ,tend;s,9;ejpaci6usly to dl.irunish the general e(y;lsofjrj8b"lvency , as a sound. State pj ,jmPUC( opinion xespecuug mo uuugnuuti to pay our debts. The insolvent who, with the; means of paying, retains th? money in hjs'op pockety is, andf he should, be regarded :as being, a dislionest man. If Public Opinion, held such con duct to be of the same character as theft, proba' bly a. more powerful motive to avoid insolvency would be established than any which now exists. Who would not anxiously (and therefore, In almost all.case.Sj successfully) struggle against insolvent cy, whea he knewthat it would be followed, if not by permanent poverty, by .permanent disgrace I If it should-be said that to act upon such a system wouldr overwhelm, an insolvent's energies, keep hinvin perpetual inactivity anjd depriveiiis family of the benefit of his exertions I answer that the evil, supposing jt to impend, would ba much less extensive-ihan may be imagined. The calamity being. foreseen, would prevent men from becoming insolvent ;. and it-is certain thatihe majority might have-avoided insolvency by sufficient care.-' He-, sides,- if.a man?s iprinciples are such that,he would rather sink intoiinactivity. than exert himself in or der to be just, it is not necessary to mould public. opinion. to his character. The question. too is, not whether some men would not-prefer indolence to the calls of justice, but whether.the public should judge-accurately respecting what those calls are The state, and especially a family might lose oc casionally by this reform of opinion and so they;, do by sending a man to .New South Wales; bui who would think this a good reason for setting criminals at large ,.And after all. much, more would.be gained, by.' preventing insolvency, than lostsbyithe-.ill consequences upon the few who failed to pay their debts. . r . It .is cause of satisfaction that, respecting this rectified state of opinion, andrespectingi-integrity of private virtue some examples are offered. There is one community of Christians which ;holds its members obligedtto pay their debts whenever they possess the ability, without regard to the legal,, discharge.? . By this means,. there is -thrown over the character of; every .bankrupt who possesses property, a shade which nothing but payment caa. dispel, r. The effect (in conjunction we may hope with, private, integrity. of principle) is good good, both in instituting a new- motive tovavoid insol vency, and in inducing some of thos,s who do Jp,e-,. come, insolvent, subsequently to pay all their debls . - ... .y: Of this latter effect r:many honorable instances might be given r two which, have fallen under, my observation, I would briefly mention. Amaahad become insolvent, Lbelieve in early life ; his cred itors divided his property amongst ihem, and gav him a legal; discharge. He appears to have formed the resolution to pay the remainder, if his own ex ertionsishould enable him to do it- He procured employment, by which however he never gained rnoreahan Uventy shillings a week ; and. worked industriously and lived frugally for eighteen years.. At the expiration of this time, he found he had ac cumulated enough to pay the remainder, and he . sent the. money. ,to his creditors. Such a man, I think, might hope(to derive,-during the remainder,, of his life, greater satisfaction from.the conscious-, ness of integrity,, than he would have derived from expending the money on himself It should be, told that many .of his creditors, when they heard the circumstances,,decIined;to receive the mopey, or voluntarily presented it to hirn again. One pf. these was my neighbour :, he had been little? .ac-' customed. to exemplary virtue, and the proffered money astonished him : -He talked in loud, com mendation of what to him was unheard-of. intetr rity ; signed a receipt for the amount, and sent it back as a present to the debtor. The" other in stance may furnish hints of a useful kind. It wai the case of a female, who had endeavored to sup-. port herself by the profits of a shop, i She however became insolvent, paid some dividend, and re ceived a discharge..-. She again entered into busi ness, and in the.coqrse of years had accumulated . enough to pay the remainder- of her debts. But , the infirmities of age were now coming on, and the annual income from her savings, was just sufficient for the wants of declining years. Betn thus at .present unable to discharge.her.obligations. without subjecting herself to the. necessity of ob taining; relief from others; ?he executed a will, directing that at her death the" creditors should bo t paid the remainder of their demands; and when she died they were paid accordingly. Jt" Where anyhave. injured other in their prop-, erty, the greatest'frugality should be .observed byy themselves arid -their families ;-and although the.' nray have ;a-legal discharge from-their crrdin?,V, bb,tl equity nd. opr Christian: profession demand, that none, when, they have it in their power, should rest- satisfied omtiria just restitution be made to those who have suffered by them." 'And it is the-judgment of this rneoting, that mohthIy,and other meetings ought not.uo receive cnUecllons or bequests for the uso of the poor, or any other services of the Society, of persons who have fallen short in thapayment of jheir just debts, though legally discharged by their creditors: forr until such perspns have paid the. deficiency, their, possessions cartnot in equity be considered as their , own. Official Documents uf the Yearly Meeting 'of tht Spciety of Fttepdsv. i ;
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers