i4.
.S ;
The whole art ok Government consists in the art op being honest. Jefferson.
STROUDSBURG, MONROE COUNTY, 1A., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1848.
.No. 20
VOL 9.
published by Theodore Schoclt.
-o dollars per annum in advance-Two dollars
TEaM-Tfli.caryandif not paid before the endof
aui a lrtcr, ruii . an'd a half T,ll)ge who ruceivt. lheir
the year, 1 " or slage dnvers employed by the proprie-
i PPers.,,i.? hkreed 37 1-2 cents, per year, extra.
tor, i fT"-nntinued until all arrearages are pam, except
No p.tper u'SCI "" E(lllor
atf fK-menls not exceeding one square (sixteen lines)
irTAJverilSwi"-'" , " -,,n,. . tu.-fmtv.five
L..Tn. imerie-1 inreo vicuna iui uhcuui, -7
-i fur crerv subsequent insertion, mccnarge jur vwu
three insertions the same. A liberal discount made to yearly
r?AU letters addressed to the Editor must be post-paid.
JOB PRINTING.
i ...,...,t nfi-.rtTivolfraiit.rlaiii andorna
llIiS' bc nronamd to CXeCUle CVCrV
description of
Cards, Circulars, Bill Meads, Notes,
. XsiaiiK Abecuci&,
JUSTICES, LEGAL AND OTHER
BLANKS,
PAMPHLETS, &c.
printed with neatness and despatch.on reasonable terms
AT THE OFFICE OF THE
Jefferaouian Republican.
Love laughs at Locksmith.
he truthof this old adage was exemplified in Phil-
delphia the other day, in a novel manner. The sto-
y as related in the Pennsylvanian.i3 that Mr Drake,
wealthy tobacconist ol that city had a charming
aughter,Amy by name, who had given her heart to
young journeyman carpenter, named EL Hughes,
, ., .i hi- j., rT,i.:.-.
iot overouraeneu wun inis worm s n"UU3, A",a
Ir. Drake had a decided objection to, and follow-
.1 1 J - in c-.ml, r'lCOa llO ldoL-pH M 15S
fig UlC Olll CAptJlWCIIV 111 out.ll kiiiis, t"- ...w..
my up to keep her away from her loving carpen-
urninjj home, met a colossal son of Africa at his
oor with a large roll of bedclothes on his shoul-
er. Ebony enquired of him if he was the gentle-
.... . .
an who bought the bedding at some place in
. , fV 41 .1
outh sheet. " JNo take yourseii on, was me
iarp reply. " I don't buy second hand at tides
South street," being somewhat indignantly add
, " This is not yours, then," suggested the dus-
y gentleman. " No be oft with your dirty lug-
ige" responded the labacconist, ending the col
quy, and the porter hastened to convey the "dir
luggage" lo Mr. Hughes, who received it with
Via-,..,,. ,fo1 irrra fin nnrrilirno the cnunterDanB
,1Ca,4 -p ir i
. - , i ., i ri
ihich covered the parcel, a very snug piece ol
loods answering the description ot Miss Amy;
)rake was found inside. Ihe young lady had
oncerted this scheme, and with the assistance of( Wejsh wnhin hese four or five ageSf and wi,h
ier maid, had contrived to roll herself in the bed,,he more unciv,iizefi p,rl 0f ,he Highlanders
uilts and thus be conveyed to her lover. Matri- (VVI, , our 0wll u,r,e8. And even at no great
gonial arrangements were being perfected, but .
he the twain could be made one, the indignant
ather arrived with two police officers and arres
d Mr. Huhes for the theft of a counterpane.
fhe Mayor, however, discharged the case. Thi3
ettainly is the very latest style of elopement, and
Lould be speedily patented.
The Pass-word.
Mr. Lover tells a good anecdote of an Irishman
ntnir tne pass-word at tne Dauie 01 rontenoy, at
lie time tne ureal oaxe was mar.snai.
.1 . f- ! . 1
'The pass-word is Saxe ; now dorrt forget it,"
jiJ the colonel to Pat.
' Sacks ! Faith and I will not. Wasn't my
ather a miller V
" Who goes there V1 cried the sentinel, after he
Srrired at the post.
Pat looked as confidently as possible, and in a
tft of a whispered howl, replied :
" Bags ! yer honor.'
A Sermon jor Young Ladies. Dow, Jr.,' in
s of his late sermons, gives the following ad-
ice to young ladies :
"My young maidens I know you all want
;get married as soon a you enieryour teens;
it it is better to remain single and live upon
cold soup of solitude, than to marry misery
to wed woe. 1 have but a poverty stricken
Nun f the majority of my sex. They are
rrupted by the miscalled refinements of the
so inflated by pride, so fooled by fashion.
proud for naught, o afraid of the soil on
ich they live, so given to cultivating whis-
and mustaches, while their morals are in
lost wretched state for want of weeding, and
jover-growu with heir, vanity and laziness,
scarcely one in twent' is worth being en
isled with a wife."
normous Chain. Probably ihe largest chain
it sent out bi Sierbridge, England, was man-
titireo by Messrs. Baily. chain rnanufactur
, from whose warehouse ii was removed on
e.day week, to the wharf, consigned to a
p. in Ijivftrpooi. u wa, a cn3m anj in.
ded for the use of an incline : its leiiPth was
N of a mile, and its weight alim. i 14 i,.... Ii'
" 'aiu,i v ia.net uiuip unii on nii nilft-
removed to the wharf in a wapnn drawn
ight horses.
I :
the following advenibefmeitt' appears in the
fny Express : " Wanttin abTe-b,odled
nn ii Krll m :r.'. . t. '
.v. uuiu uij who a loiigue, sne ana i De
finable to keep it stills"
On the Antiquity and use ot Beds.
It wan universally practice, ;in the first
agen, fur mankind to sleep upon ttkins of beasts.
It was originally the custom of the Greeks and
Romans. It was particularly the custom of the
ancient Billons before thp Roman invasion; and
these ikins were spread onr fthe , floor of their
apartments. Afterwards they were changed
for loo.se rushes and heather, as the Welsh a
few yeara ago lay on the former, and the High
landers of Scotland sleep on the Utter to this
present moment. In process of time the Ro
mans suggested lo the interior Britons the us,e,
and the introduction of agriculture supplied
them with the means, of the neater convenient
:y of straw beds. The beds of the Roman gen
try at this period were generally filled with
leathers, and those of the inn with soft down
tif reeds. But for many ages the beds of the,
Italians had been constantly composed of titraw;
U still formed those of the soldiers and officers
at the conquest of Lancashire ; and from both
our countrymen learnt their use. But it appears
to have been taken up only by the gentlemen,
as the common Welsh had their beds thinly
stuffed with rushes as late as the conclusion of
ihe twelfth century; and with the gentlemen it
continued many ages afterward. Straw was
used even in tjve royal chambers of England as
late as the close of the thirteenth. Most of the
peasants about Manchester lie on chaff at pres
ent, as do likewise the common people all over
Scotland; in the Highlands, heath also is very
generally used as bedding even by the gentry;
and the repose on a heath bed has been cele
brated by travellers as a peculiar luxury, supe
rior to that yielded by down ; in France and
liiily straw beds remain general to this day.--But
afier the above period, beds were no lon
ger suffered to rest upon the ground. The bei
ier mode that had anciently prevailed in he
east, and long before been introduced into Italy
was adopted in Britian, and they were rupw
mounted on pedestals. This, however was
equally confined to the gentlemen. Th,e,bed
still continued onthe flpor among t.he common
people., t;Andthe gross ,custom.that had. pre
vailed from the beginning was retained by the
! lower Britons to he last ; and these, ground
, . , , v , - , . 1
UCU9 wgig laiu aiunt: mv nan 111,111(11. iiuujuj,
- a
, - fpu c ,J . .
, J. . f . . f .
distance from Manchesler, in the neighboring
Buxton, and within ihese fifty, or seventy years,
the persons that repaired to the bath. are all.
'said to have slept in one long chamber together
tne upner part being; alotted.to tne. ladies, .anu
t i i
- , -i
the lower.to ihe, gentlemen, and only parii-
iiotifd fro.m each other by a curtain. .
The dining or discubitory beds, on which the
ancients lay at meals, were four or five feet
high. Three iof th8se beds were ordinarily
ranged by a square table, (whence bojh. the ta
ble aiid.the room where they eat, were called
tridui!um,)'tu such a manner that one of the
vide of the table remained open, and accessi
ble to the waiters. Each bed would, hold three
or four, rarely fie, persons. The.se beds were
unknown before the becoud Punic, war ; the
Romans, till then, set down to eat .oil plain
wooden benches, in imitation of the heroes of
Homer, or, as Varro expresses it, after the
manner of the Lacedermouians and Creia'ns.-4-Scipio
Africantis first made an innovation. He
had brought from Carihage Kome of these little
beds called pumcani, or archaici ; being of a
wood common enough, very low, stuffed only
with straw or hay, and covered with goat or
sheepskins, baedinis strati. In reality, there
was no great difference, as to delicacy, between
these new beds and the ancient benches'; but
the custom of frequent,.bathingt which began
then to obtain, by softening and relaxing the
body, put men on trying to rest themsejvea
more coinmodiously by lying along than by sit
ting down. For the ladies it.did not seem at
first consistent wiili their modesty to adopt the
mode of lying ; accordingly ..they .kept 10 the
old custom all the time of the commonwealth ;
but, from the first Caesars, they eat , on their
beds. For the youth, who had not yet put on,
the toga virilis, ihey were long kept to4 the an
cient discipline. When they were admitted to
table ihey only sat on the edge of the, beds .of
their nearext relations. Never, says Suetonius,
did ihe young Caesars, Caius and, Lucius, eat
at the table of Augustus ; but hey were set
in imo Toco, or, as Tacitus expresses it, ad lecli
fulcra. F'rom the greatest simplicijythe Ro-
I ' .1 . 1 .1 ? J. f 1-
mans ny uegrees carriea tneir uining-oeus io
ihe moat surprising magnificence. Pliny as
sures us ii was no new thing to see them cov
ered over with plates of silver, adorned with
(he softest mates and the richest counterpanes.
Lampriilius, speaking of Heliogabulus, says he
had beds of solid silver splida argcnlo habait
lectos and Iricliniarcs, and cubitulare. We
may add that Pompey, in his third triumph,
brought in beds of gold. The Romans had also
peas wnereon usey iuuicu,ou))ucui, nyci oun
the dead were carried to the funeral pile.
American An.tiquities
L The first yolume.of the Smithsonian Institution,
entitled "Ancient. !lonumehis of the United States,"
contains the following account of a curious earth
work in Ohio :
The Gr6at Serpent, Adams Coujjty, Ohio.
Probably the most extraordinary earth-work thus
far discovered at the West, is the Great Serpent,
of which a faithful delineation is givenjn the plate.
It is situted on Brush Creek, at a point known as
" Three Forks," on entry l,0l4, near the north, line
of Adams countv, Ohio, No plan or, description
has hitherto been published ; ndr does the fact of
its exj'stance appear to have been known beyond
the vicinity in which it occurs. The notice first
received by the authors of these researches, was
exceedingly vague and indefinite, and led to the
conclusion that it was a work of defence, with
basiio.nsat regular intervals a feature so ex
traordinary as to induce a visit, which resulted
in the discovery here presented. .The true
character of the work is apparent on the first
inspection. ' : ?. f
It is situated on a, high crescentiformv hill or
spur of Und, rising 150 feet .above the level of
Brush Creek, which washes-. its base. The
side of the hill next the stream presents a per
pendicular wall of rock, while the other sub
sides rapidly, though it is not so steep as . to
preclude cultivation. , The top of the hill is not
level, but slightly. convex, and, presents a very
even surface, 150,-feet wide by 1000 feet Jong,
measuring from its exiremity-to the point where
it connects with the table iand. ,
Conforming to the curve of the hill and occu
pying its very summit, is the serpents its,, head
resting near the point and: its body winding
back for 700 feet in graceful,,- undulations, ter
minating in a triple coil at the tail.-The entire
length, extended, would not be les ihan 1,000
feet. The accompanying plan laid down fiom
accurate survey, can alone gir,e .an adequate
conception of the outline of ihe work, which is
clearly and boldly defined. . ) m
.The embankment is upwards of five feet in
height .by .thirty. feet, base, at the centre of the
body.jdiminiahing to.ward the head and the tail.
The ,neck of the Serpont-ia, stretched out and
slightly curved, and. its mouihjwide, as if in tho
act of, swallowing or .ejecting an- oval figure,
which rests, partially within (ho distended
fin i f
jaws l nis ovel is tormeU'by an embankment
of the earth, without any perceptible opening,
is four feet in height, and is-perfectly regular
in outline, its transverse and conjugate diame
ters being 160 and 180 feetrepectively! The
ground within the oval is slightly elevated ; a
small circular elevation of large stones much
burned. once existed inj its: centre,- but these
have all been, thrown down, and scattered by
some ignorant visitor,uuder the prevailing im
pression, probably, that, gold was bidden, be-neath-iheui.
The point of. the hill,, within
which this egg-shaped figure rests, seems- to
have been artificially. cut tq conform -to its out
line, leaing a smooth platform 10 -feat, wide
and,somewhat inclined inward, all-around it.
. Upon either side, of the Serpent's, .head ex
tend two. small triangular elevatiops ten or
twelve feet over. . They are. not-high, and al
though too distinct io .be overlooked are yet
too. much obliterated to be satisfactorily tiaced.
Besides a platform or level oval te.rrace, and a
large mound in the centre of the Isthmus- con
necting the hill with the table land beyond,
there. are no ather remains, excepting a few
mounds, wiihin.six or eight, miles none,;per
haps, nearer than ihe entrenched hill irt High
land county, ihirteen miles distant. t. There are
a. number, of, work; lower down on Brusji
Creek, towards its mouth, but their character
is not yet known. , - ,
The point on v.hich. this curiosity occurs
commands an extensive pro.-pect, overlooking
the "bottoms" at the junction of the three prin
cipal tributaries of, creek. .The .alluvial
terraces are here quite extensive,, and it is, a
matter of surprise that ho works occur upon
them.
. The Serpent, separate or in combination
with the circle, egg or globe, has been a pre
dominant,, symbol among primitive nat!oiis.-T-It
prevailed in Egypt, Greece and. Assyria.,, and
entered widely, into the superstitions oT the
Celts, the Hindoos, and the Chinese. , It even
penetrated in America ; and was conspicuous
in the mythology of the ancient Mexicins,,,al
t hough its significance doea not seen to have
materially differed from that which it possessed
in the Old World., The fact that jhe ancient
Celts, and perhaps other nations of the old con
tinent, erected temple structures in the form of
the 8ejpentM!s, one,, of high interest.,. ? 01
this description is the temple of Aubiy,.,in Eng
land,, in many respects the mosi imposing an
cient monument, of the British islands.
U is impossible, iii.thi connection, to trace
the analogjeswhjch the Ohip structures exhibit
to the serpent temples of England, or to , point
out the extent lo yf bi.ch the, symbol was applied
in America, art investigation fraijghi wjiji i.be
greatest interest, both in respect to the, lijjht
which jt reflects oirth'e, prjmiye;super.HiuijHis
of remoiely' separated people, and especially
in the origin of the American race.
published by request;
Dyniohd's Essays on the Principles of
Morality.
i. ,, INSOLVENCY. ; ! "
Why is a man obliged to pay his debts 1 It is
to be hoped that the morality, of few -.persons is
lax enough to reply Because the, law compels
him. But why, , then, is he .obliged tojpayjhem,!
Because the Mora) Law requires it. That -.this .is
the primary-ground.-of the obligation is evident;
otherwise the payment of any debt which, a vicious
or corrupt legislature resolved to cancel, would
cease to be obligatory upon the debtor. ;
A man becomes insolvent and is made a bank
ruut : he pays his creditors ten shillings, instead
of twenty, and obtains his certificate.. The law.r
therefore, discharges him from the obligation. to
pay mor,e.. The bankrupt receives ajarge legacy,
or he engages in business and acquires property.
Bejng iheja able tq pay the remainder of his debts,
does the .legal discharge exempt him from the ob
ligation to pay them.? .JSo: and, fur this reason
that the legal discharge is not amoral discharge ;
that as the duty to pay at all was not .founded pn-.
marily on the law, the law cannot wariant him in
withholding a part.; ;. , -. ; .
, It is however said, that the. creditors ;have re-,
ljn'quished their right to the remainder by s;gning,
the certificate. B,ut why did ;they accept half
their demands instead of the whole h - Because
they were obliged to. do it ; theyjcould get no more
As to granting the qertificate they do it because,
to w.ijhhold it would be only an act. of- gratuitous
unkindness. It would be preposterous to say that
creditors relinquish iheir claims voluntarily ;. for
no one would, give up his'claim to twenty shillings
on the receipt often, if he could.get the other ten
by.refusing. f It might. as. reasonably be said that
a man parts with a limb voluntarily, because, haVr
ing incurably laceraled it, he.submits to an ampu
tion. It, is, to be,,remembered, .too, that the-neces-sary
reljnguishment of half the .-demand -is occa
sioned by the debtor himself: and it seems very
manifest, that when a man, by his owm-act, de
prives another of his property, he cannot allege
the consequences of that act .as a justification of
withholding it. after restoration is in, his power.
The mode in .which an insolvent man obtains
a discharge, does not appear to affect .his subse
quent duties. Compositions -and bankruptcies,
and discharges by an insolvent act are in-ithis re-
spect alike. The acceptance of a part instead of
the whole is not voluntary, in either ease ; and
neither case, exempts the debtor from the obliga-
gatlyo pay iQie can. , 5 , . ,
If it.shquld be urged.ihat when, a person intrusts
property tot another, he knowingly undertakes the
risk of that other's insol.vensy, and that, if the con
tingent looss happens, he..has no claims to justice
on the other, the answer is this i that whatever,
may be thought, of. these claims, they are not the
grounds upon which the debtor is obliged to.-pay.
The debtor. always engages to pay, and the erv
gagementis- enforced -by morality: the., engage
ment therefore is binding, whatever risk another
man may,incur.hy relying upon it. .The causes
which have, occasioned a person's. insolvency al
though ihey greatly affect his character do,not af
fect his obligations; the dutyjtoiepay when. he
has the power, is the same, whether the ,insolven
cy were occasioned hy. his fault or his misfortune.
In all cases, the reasoning that applies to the debt,
applies also to the- interest that accrues upon it.;
although, with respect to the acceptance of both,
and especially of interest, a creditor should exer
cise a considerate .discretion. ,A man who has
failed pf paying his debts.oughtalways to live w:ilh
frugality, .and carefully to economise, such, money
as he gains. He should. .reflect that he is a, trusT
. " r t
tee. for rjis creditors, and that, all the needless
money which he expends, is not his, but theirs.
, The aniount of,property which the, trading part
of a commercial .natioa.Joses by, insolvency,, is
great enough to constitute a. considerable nation
al evil. .The fraud, tqo, i.that is practised under.
cover of insolvency, isoubtless the;,most extern
3i"ye of ajl spe.cics of .private -robbery. The pro
fligacy of some of these cases, is well known lo.be
extremq. He who is a bankiu.pt to-day, ,riojs in
the luxuries of.afrlueoce to-morrpw ; baws to- the
creditors .whose money he is spending, ?and -exults
in the sucrjesn and th impunity of. his w4ck
edness-j Qf such, conduct,! we should, not speak,
or thin,H, but .jWith.detestatj.on. , We . should t0;
more, sit at, the tab. lq, oriake the handt of such- a
man, tliqn if, ha kpey he had got his rhoneif last
nignpn ,tne, Jtugnway i njsjr,e is a- wiceoness, in
aoipe Jiankruptcies jo .which the guilt of ordinary
robbers, approaches but at a distance. Happy, u
such wickedness could not j)8 practiced with ler
gal impu.nity ! Happy tJif Ppblic Opinion suppled
the deficiency ,pf the law, and held the iniquity in
rightful abhorrence ! . , j ,: j.i1
Perhaps, nothing wquld ,tend;s,9;ejpaci6usly to
dl.irunish the general e(y;lsofjrj8b"lvency , as a sound.
State pj ,jmPUC( opinion xespecuug mo uuugnuuti
to pay our debts. The insolvent who, with the;
means of paying, retains th? money in hjs'op
pockety is, andf he should, be regarded :as being, a
dislionest man. If Public Opinion, held such con
duct to be of the same character as theft, proba'
bly a. more powerful motive to avoid insolvency
would be established than any which now exists.
Who would not anxiously (and therefore, In almost
all.case.Sj successfully) struggle against insolvent
cy, whea he knewthat it would be followed, if not
by permanent poverty, by .permanent disgrace I
If it should-be said that to act upon such a system
wouldr overwhelm, an insolvent's energies, keep
hinvin perpetual inactivity anjd depriveiiis family
of the benefit of his exertions I answer that the
evil, supposing jt to impend, would ba much less
extensive-ihan may be imagined. The calamity
being. foreseen, would prevent men from becoming
insolvent ;. and it-is certain thatihe majority might
have-avoided insolvency by sufficient care.-' He-,
sides,- if.a man?s iprinciples are such that,he would
rather sink intoiinactivity. than exert himself in or
der to be just, it is not necessary to mould public.
opinion. to his character. The question. too is, not
whether some men would not-prefer indolence to
the calls of justice, but whether.the public should
judge-accurately respecting what those calls are
The state, and especially a family might lose oc
casionally by this reform of opinion and so they;,
do by sending a man to .New South Wales; bui
who would think this a good reason for setting
criminals at large ,.And after all. much, more
would.be gained, by.' preventing insolvency, than
lostsbyithe-.ill consequences upon the few who
failed to pay their debts. . r
. It .is cause of satisfaction that, respecting this
rectified state of opinion, andrespectingi-integrity
of private virtue some examples are offered. There
is one community of Christians which ;holds its
members obligedtto pay their debts whenever they
possess the ability, without regard to the legal,,
discharge.? . By this means,. there is -thrown over
the character of; every .bankrupt who possesses
property, a shade which nothing but payment caa.
dispel, r. The effect (in conjunction we may hope
with, private, integrity. of principle) is good good,
both in instituting a new- motive tovavoid insol
vency, and in inducing some of thos,s who do Jp,e-,.
come, insolvent, subsequently to pay all their
debls . - ... .y:
Of this latter effect r:many honorable instances
might be given r two which, have fallen under, my
observation, I would briefly mention. Amaahad
become insolvent, Lbelieve in early life ; his cred
itors divided his property amongst ihem, and gav
him a legal; discharge. He appears to have formed
the resolution to pay the remainder, if his own ex
ertionsishould enable him to do it- He procured
employment, by which however he never gained
rnoreahan Uventy shillings a week ; and. worked
industriously and lived frugally for eighteen years..
At the expiration of this time, he found he had ac
cumulated enough to pay the remainder, and he .
sent the. money. ,to his creditors. Such a man, I
think, might hope(to derive,-during the remainder,,
of his life, greater satisfaction from.the conscious-,
ness of integrity,, than he would have derived from
expending the money on himself It should be,
told that many .of his creditors, when they heard
the circumstances,,decIined;to receive the mopey,
or voluntarily presented it to hirn again. One pf.
these was my neighbour :, he had been little? .ac-'
customed. to exemplary virtue, and the proffered
money astonished him : -He talked in loud, com
mendation of what to him was unheard-of. intetr
rity ; signed a receipt for the amount, and sent
it back as a present to the debtor. The" other in
stance may furnish hints of a useful kind. It wai
the case of a female, who had endeavored to sup-.
port herself by the profits of a shop, i She however
became insolvent, paid some dividend, and re
ceived a discharge..-. She again entered into busi
ness, and in the.coqrse of years had accumulated .
enough to pay the remainder- of her debts. But ,
the infirmities of age were now coming on, and
the annual income from her savings, was just
sufficient for the wants of declining years. Betn
thus at .present unable to discharge.her.obligations.
without subjecting herself to the. necessity of ob
taining; relief from others; ?he executed a will,
directing that at her death the" creditors should bo t
paid the remainder of their demands; and when
she died they were paid accordingly.
Jt" Where anyhave. injured other in their prop-,
erty, the greatest'frugality should be .observed byy
themselves arid -their families ;-and although the.'
nray have ;a-legal discharge from-their crrdin?,V,
bb,tl equity nd. opr Christian: profession demand,
that none, when, they have it in their power, should
rest- satisfied omtiria just restitution be made to
those who have suffered by them."
'And it is the-judgment of this rneoting, that
mohthIy,and other meetings ought not.uo receive
cnUecllons or bequests for the uso of the poor, or
any other services of the Society, of persons who
have fallen short in thapayment of jheir just debts,
though legally discharged by their creditors: forr
until such perspns have paid the. deficiency, their,
possessions cartnot in equity be considered as their ,
own.
Official Documents uf the Yearly Meeting 'of
tht Spciety of Fttepdsv.
i ;