The whole art ok Government consists in the art of reing honest. Jefferson. VOL 5. STROUDSBURG. MONROE COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 1845. No. 3G PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY SCHOC2I & PEKING. TERMS. Two dollars f-er annum In advance Two dollars snla quarter, half yearly and if not p ud before the end of ilie year. Two dollars and a half. Tho?c who receive their raicr by a carrier or stage drivers employed by the proprie tors will be charged 37 1-2 cts. per year, extra. No papers discontinued until all arrearages are paid, except at the option of the Editors. ID" Advertisements not exceeding one square (sixteen lines) will be inserted three weeks for one dollar: twenty-five cents fir even- subsequent insertion : larger ones in proportion. A liberal discount will be made to yearly advertisers 1L7A11 letters addressed to the Editors must be post paid. .tob printing. ' Having a general assortment of large elegant plain and orna mental Type, we are prepared to execute every description of Cavds, Circulars, Bill Heads, Wotes, Blank Receipts, JUSTICES, LEGAL AND OTHER BLANKS, PAMPHLETS, &c. Printed with neatness and despatch, on reasonable terms AT THE OFFICE OF THE .Tcffersonian Republican. The PoorGod help them. BY MRS. MARV E. HKWI'fT. Old Winter hath come with a stealthy tread, O'er the fallen Autumn leaves, And shrilly he whistleth overhead, And pipeth beneath the eaves. Let him come ! We care not amid our mirth For the driving snow or rain ; For little we reck of the cold, dull hearth, Or the broken window pane. Tis a stormy night, but our glee shall mock At the winds that loudly prate, As they echo the moan of the poor that knock With their cold hands at our gate. The poor! We give them the half-picked bone, And the diy and mildewed bread ; Ah! they never, God help them! know the pain Of being over fed. Till rounctagain with the cheering wine, White the fire grows warm and bright; And sing me a song, sweet-heart of mine, Ere you whisper the words 'Good night!' You never will dream, 'neath the covering warm Of your soft and curtained bed, Of the scanty rug and the shivering form, And the yawning roof o'erhead. The poor! God p-ty them in their need! We've a prayer for their every groan ; They ask us with unstretched hands for bread, And we give unto them a stone- God help them ! God help us ! for much we lack, Though lofty and rich we be, And open our hearts unto all that knock With the crv of cnARiTr ! Oar Population in 1900. A curious and interesting table has been pub lished in the National Intelligencer, in relation to cur population and its progress. It is from the pen of Mr. Darby, and we learn that the first idea of constructing such a table, was suggested by the results of a process undertaken from mere cu riosity. That process was performed by taking the sum of the first census of 1790, and allowing an increment of three per cent annually; thus, 3, 929,827, in ten consecutive operations, on the prin ciple assumed, gave for 1800, 6,281,408, which differed only 23,475 in deficit from the actual re turns by the census of the latter year. He then carried on the process up to 1840, and found that while the real census showed a population of 17, 003,337, his mode of computing by, the three per cent annual increase, showed a population of 17, 217,706. The mean ratio during the fifty years from 1790 to 1840 inclusive, as shown by the der cennial census, comes out to a very near fraction, 4,312. This ratio used to deduce the decennial numbers through the subsequent half century, will give the United States a population of 102,810, 01 in the year 1900, L e. about 50 years Irom this lime, Mr. Darby's conjectural ratio of increase give us a population at the same time of 101,553,377. Mr. Darby says of this prodictous number: 'Even well-informed persons, but who have not paid particular attention to the subject, may be excusably startled when they read the future in crease and enormous mass of population stated op posite the year 1900, at the foot of either column. The tables, however, contain internal evidence, of accuracy, as far as the case can admit, and espe cially by showing that, in the previous half centu rv to 1844, the population hd more than quadru pled. Further, that the so established increase vns made under difficulties, some of which are al together removed and all lessened in their deterio rating effects, whilst on ihe other side facilities of transportations by land and wntpr, by steam, roads, ai'd other improved means, are multiplied and mul 'iplying beyond all human anticipation. The once Jernlile danger of savage warfare is now only a latter of history. In brief, the elements of civil ,?ed life are indefinitely increased in number and i wer.' WlA3XSKkJ'Z MISTS From "The Friend." Column's Reports. (continued.) "In some parts of the country, as in Lincoln shire for example, twice a year, in the spring and autumn, are held, in some principal market towns, statute fairs, vulgarly called 'statties,' where young men and women wanting service assemble, and persons wanting labourers or servants go there to supply their wants. Such arrangements have certainly many advantages ; but they have also their evils, and the assembling of large numbers of men and women, in such cases with, not unfre quently, the usual accompaniments of a fair5are said to lead to much dissoluteness and dissipation. This is to be expected. This arrangement serves to average the rate of wages, and must be to all parties a great saving of time. In the present con dition of female labour in the United States, there could be none but the worthless to offer themselves in this way ; but with respect to young men seek ing employment, there would be great advantages in having a day and place fixed in some principal town, when and where persons wishing for em ployment might be found by persons wishing to employ them ; and such an 4 Exchange' might be I annually held to advantage. An arrangement of j this kind has often recommended -itself to my mind for its convenience, and 1 have, before this, urged its adoption. It is a painful, though not an unheard of an omaly, that, in the midst of the greatest abundance of human food, immense numbers of those by whose labour this food is produced are actually T suffering and perishing from hunger ; that where I whose toil we live, and the moral improvement of ten millions of acres of improvable lands, capable those, upon whom as well as upon their more fa of being made productive lands, lie uncultivated, ! voured brethren, God has equally impressed his millions of hands, which might subdue, enrich and j beautify this waste, from necessity remain unem ployed ; and that in a country, where the accumu lations of wealth surpass the visions of oriental splendour and magnificence, there exist on the other hand, such contrasts of want, destitution, privation auu misery, as wouiu surpass oen u..U 1 .1 ? .1 J . -r. .1 a 3 - u . I i : - r i ' aeiy me power oi me imagination, uunorine sup- port of incontrovertible and overwhelming evi dence. Under the present institutions of the c'oun- I try, a perfect remedy is hopeless, ai:d0'an allevia tion of these evils is all which can be looked for. An entire revolution in the institutions of the coun try, in the forms of society, and in the condition of property, could only be effected by violence; and the consequences of such a revolution it would be frishtful to contemplate. But should a revolu- revolu- j tion occur, and the frame-work of society be bro-; ken up, and its elements be thrown into a state ot ; chaotic confusion, what sagacity could predict the results, and what security is there that in any re-arrangernent these evils would be rectified, and the rights of labour, any better protected? I say the rights of labour, for who, under any circum stances, will presume to deny tha't they, by whose labour the earth is mude to yield her fruits, and all accumulations of wealth are obtained, have not, indeed, in common justice, a perfect claim to a full share of the products of their own toil. '"I am not disposed to quarrel with any of the institutions of this gieat and enlightened country great and enlightened, as a whole, beyond al most any precedent. I am not disposed, in any offensive form, to profess my own preferences for institutions, to which birth nd education may have strongly attached me ; but, to my mind, it is obvious that no great improvement can take place in the character and condition of the labouring population, while they remain a dislinctand ser vile class, without any power of rising above their condition. At present the most imaginative and sanguine see no probability of their rising above their condition, of being anything but labourers, or of belonging to any other than a servile and de pendent class. The low state of their wages ab solutely forbids the accumulation of any property. They cannot own any of the soil which they cul tivate. The houses which they occupy belong not to themselves, and they may at any time be turned out of them. ' 1 believe it is impossible for a man who lives in a state of entire dependence upon others to have the spirit of a man; and who, in looking out upon the beautiful and productive earth, where God has placed him, is compelled to feel that there is not a foot of soil, which, under any cir cumstances, he can claim for himself; that there is not a tree nor a shelving rock by the road side, where he can shelter himself and gather under his wing the little ones whom God may have cast upon his care, but he is liable to be driven away at the will of another ; that the use of his own hands and limbs are not his own; that he cannot, but at the will of another, find a spot of ground where ho can apply them ; and that oven the gush ings from the lock in the wilderness, and the man na which descends from heaven, are intercepted in their progress to him, and doled out lop often in reluctant and scanty measure. 44 This will not be pronounced an exaggerated cr coloured picture of tLe con li ion of the agri cultural labouring population of"England. I sup pose that, with the exception of some few rights of common, where some miserable mud hut has been erected and the possessor has a, kind of al lowed claim during his life, few instances can be found of a labourer's owning, in fee simple, a cot tage, or so much as a rood of land. . I recollect, in passing through a part of Derbyshire, in a re gion which I was told afterwards was, from the contiguity of several large estates, called the 4Du keries,' the coachman, by whose side I was seat ed, said to me that this was the Duke of Devon shire's village, and this the Duke of Rutland's, and this the Duke of Norfolk's, and so on; and I could not help asking myself, with some sinking of heart, where is the people's own village 1 " There are persons who see in this condition no evil nor hardship. I am not about to expatiate upon its evils or hardships,- if evils or hardships there be in it. If, in the present condition of soci ety, pecuniary gain is to be the only worthy object of pursuit, and a pecuniary standard the only rule bywhich the goods of life are to be measured, and the human frame is to be regarded only as so much organized flesh and bone, to be worked up at our pleasure into the means of wealth and luxury, their the improvement of the character and condition of the labouring classes is not a subject to attract the attention of the political economist, excepting so far as the perfection of the machine may conduce to the increased amount of the work to be accom plished by it. But, if a belter rule is to prevail, and men are to feel their moral responsibility to each other, and the physical comfort of those by image, are to be cared for, the condition o( the la- hourinc: classes deserves the most cordial interest of every man who has a spark of patriotism, pub lic spirit, or philanthropy in his bosom. "The census of Great Britain reports the num- ber of labourers employed in agriculture, at S87,- l r!f onl tKckA n'i; li t ti i i r rimliac rnmnncp n nnn. t .m ., - r-r . nliAii nrnnl I n t iron ml limn U'a h II n ri rfti , umuuu - " , rr c .i ti i r tie-fifth of the whole population of! m, r i . ,v I The wanes of laoour, according to - 1 - t 1 . - 1 . f - 1 1 1 I . - l thousand, or or the kingdom the reports of the committees of Parliament, vary, in different counties, from seven shillings sterling to twelve shillings per week; and the rent of their cottages may be said to average about one shil ling and sixpence sterling per week." As a farther illustration of the great poverty of this numerous body of people, Colman makes a fe;v extracts from a "Treatise on Cottage Econo-I my," published in the Journal of the Royal Agn cultural Society, and which certainly contains many valuable suggestions for the poor cottager. " 4 The liquor in whicti meat is boiled should al ways be saved for the .making of soup, and the bones even offish should also be preserved ; for although quite bare of meat, yet if stewed down for several hours they will yield a species of broth, which along with peas or oatmeal, will make good soup. A lot of boijes may always be got from the butcher's for two pence, and they are never scraped so clean as not to have some scraps of meat ad hering to them. 44 4 This done, the bones are to be again boiled in the same manner, but .for a longer time, and the broth" may be made the next day into a stew with rice. 4,:Nor is this all; for the bones if again boiled for a still longer time, will once more yield a nour ishing broth, which may be made into pea-soup ; and when thus done with, may either be sold to the crusher or poundod by yourself, and used as manure for your garden.' " Colman exclaiius at the 44 coolness with which the writer descants upon a single sheep's head and pluck making four savory dinners for a family ; and a pasty made of any kind of meat or fruit roll ed up in suet or lard, with a couple of ounces of bacon, and half a pound of raw potatoes slightly seasoned, carried in a man's pocket when he goes to work a good distance from home, being' ample for his dinner; and upon potatoes having the great advantage over bread of better filling the stomach; and the advice respecting the cooking of the same bones again and again, three successive days," and contrasts this meagre diet with the bill of fare of the Council of that same Royal Agricultural Society at the banquet at Derby in 1843, where at the first course were displayed sixteen dishes of fish arid twenty-six tureens of turtle and other costly soups, followed by a second course of ven ison, turkics, &c, to the ainount of fifty-eight dishes, and a third course of ducks, rabbits, lob sters, &c, with ninety-six puddings, making up wards of twenty different kinds of preparations, and closing with a fourth course of grapes, pine apples, peaches, nectarines, &c. &c, and wines at pleasure He adds: 44 In these comparisons most certainly Tmean no disrespect to any human bdnir. Hut the contrast here presented between the condition of the producer and the consumer cannot fail to read a most important and instruc What its moral uts are, I think no, tive leeon. fair and reflecting mind will be at a loss to per ceive. 1 shall not therefore write the moral at the bottom " As I have before remarked, it is much more easy to point out and deplore an evil, than it is to suggest a remedy. Yet the inquiry is one which deeply concerns religion and humanity. It is on ly just likewise to remark, and I do it with the highest pleasure, that the subject is now interest ing innumerable benevolent persons in the highest ranks and in the middle conditions of life, to a de gree never perhaps before known ; and that many of the brightest minds are now concentrating their energies upon its investigation and cure. It is with equal pleasure that I can say that I have found among many of the landlords the most watch ful attention to the welfare of their labourers, and every kind provision for themln sickness, decay, or misfortune. Alas! that there are so many, who do not come within the reach of this provision, and so many, who refuse or neglect to make it." I . . A Yasak.ee Editor's Apology. If we had a subscriber on our list that we tho't would not take the following as a sufficient excuse for the want of a single line, we would erase his name therefrom : ' The business of the editor has been too multi farious this week to admit his paying much atten tion to the editorial department of his paper. Our journeyman and devil have both been drunk, and we (that is ourself,) have been compelled to set most of the types and do the press work for the paper. It is known that we are a practising phy sician, and that our calls are unusually prolific this week. Our sister's nurse has been sick, and we have been compelled to spend a considerable portion of our time in rocking the cradle. This would appear a sufficient excuse for any reasona ble man, but it is not all. A beautiful black eyed girl came to town- last Saturday, and we had no sooner seen her than we were half dead in love : we have, during the week, wooed and won the ' dame, and ahall (if no lawful objection be madej j d at th(J Melh0dist church to-morrow. Are our patrons satisfied? f may be doomed to a hie ot , , r , 1 I l..kA I n linn tr ntrnn sat;sfied i If not. we hone thev rut M..ww ' & celibacy, or if married to all the horrors of a hen pecked husband!' Afiiecdote. When Dr. Rush was a young man, he had been invited to dine in company with Robert Morris, Esq., a man celebrated for the part he took" in the American Revolution. It so happened that the ; romnanv na(i Vaite aited some time for Mr. Morris, wljQ ofJ his a.jpearr appearance apolocized for detaining them, by saying that he had been engaged in rea - dino- a sermon of a clergyman who had just gone to England to receive orders. " Well, Mr. Mor ris," said the Doctor, " how did you like the ser- t i , i iri.i 11 1 1 Wl,t. mon J l nave nearu u wgnry eAium.-u. , j Doctori said he, " 1 did not like-it at all. It's too j sm00th an(i tanio for me." "Mr. Morris," replied the Doctor, " what sort of a sermon do you like!" "I like, sir," replied Mr. M., "that kindof preach ing which drives a man into the corner of his pew, and makes him think the devil is after him." The Portland Bulletin tells a good story of a certain good Deacon, whose hat blew off and led him a long race after it through the street. At length the Deacon became exhausted in the race, and pulled up against a post by the sidewalk. A gentleman came along, o whom the Deacon ad- i ,.i I'm.. r: 1 T .m fi Annr.ntx. dressed mmsen inus: viy muiiu, a ui --. and it is very wrong for me to swear; you will therefore greatly oblige me if you will just d n that hat for we.' 4 What's the matter, Ephraim V 1 O, I'm sick of this confounded influenza I'm dead.' 4 Why on earth don't you go and get a coflm, thei,!' 4 Thank you, I've been troubled enough with coughin, lately.' Appearances ake Deceitful. Under this cap tion somebody discourses thus : 4 It is no sign be cause a man eats bull-frogs, that he can jump a ten rail fence, nor because he dines on snails oc casionally, that he should travel slow.' Comparison. Those who indulge in splendor of dress and equipage, beyond the amount of their incomes, are truly compared to houses on fi re which shine by that which destroys them. A correspondent of the Newark (N. J ) Adver tiser, writing from Havre, (France) says: 4 The horses here are of a large Normandy breed, much larger than the Pennsylvania horse. I saw one to-dav eointr apparently with much ease, drawimr on a truck, like those at Boston, two hogshead of molasses and five boxes of sugar, a half of which in Boston.b a load for two horses.' ifk 4 Measures,' says the Boston Yankeo, 4arc to be taken immediately to prevent tlfelrNiagara I'alls from roaring on the Sabbath.' GOV22RHOS& SSSJJiVSC'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS.' Friends and Fellow Citizens: I appear before you in obedience to the will of the freemen of Pennsylvania, to give the solemn pkdge prescribed by the Constitution, and to enter upon the office of Governor. When I contemplate the interest of our Com monwealth, as an independent sovereignty, and -a a member of the community of American States ; the multiplied relations over which it exerts a su pervising guardianship, and the peculiarly weigh ty obligations that press upon it at the present mo ment. I feel how imperfectly I am qualified to discharge, and even to comprehend aright, the ar duous and complicated duties to which I have been called. To Him who watches over the des tinies of States, as well as men, and whose favor is light and strength, I look upwards with humblo trust, that He will overrule my errors and give ef ficiency to my honest efforts for the public good. Happily the principles which should regulate the administration of the State, have been long since declared and established by our republican fathers. They are few and clear. That equal and exact justice should be. administered to men of all parties in politics, and of all persuations in religion that our public faith should he kept sa cred under all circumstances that freedom of re ligion, of suffrage, and of the press, should be held inviolate that general educatio"h is essential to the preservation of liberty that the separate, rights and powers of the executive, legislative and judiT cial departs of the Government, sTiould be strictly maintained that the Government should be faith fully, but frugally administered, and all to whom it is entrusted held to frequent and strict account abilitythat particular mischief should be cor rected by general rather than by special laws that the grant of exclusive privileges to some, is repugnant to our whole system the intent of which is to make firm the equal lights of all that men associated for gain, should, in common with oth ers, be liable individually for all their joint en gagements, and that the obedience of the public aoent to the will of his constiuents is essential to a rijjht administration of the Government, and to the preservation of freedom. These are the leading principles by which I propose to be guided in the performance of my official duties. They are all of them primary truths, affecting the basis of our government, and needing no better confirmation of their value than is to be found every where in the history of our pmintrv. j Th far act()n of QUr system iias illustrated i h ach of man for self government, and has shown that entrusted with his own political des tinies, and unincumbered by bad laws, he advan ces steadily in knowledge and true happiness. Tire doubts at first entertained of its adequacy to meet all the contingencies which arise in the af fairs of nations, have been dissipated by experi ence. The practical operation of the governments of the States and of the Union, in advancing the welfare of the inhabitants of our extended and ex tending country, demonstrate their utility. This is the result of that simple and natural organiza tion, founded upon the assent of the people, by which their sovereign will rules in their local af fairs is extended to the State governments, and a jiappy combination gives direction to the go vernment of the Union. Their competency to go vern themselves is confirmed by the peace, happi ness and prosperity which their government has secured to the citizens of these States, and is an assurance that in their hands the welfare of all will be, as it has been, guarded and advanced. Fellow-citizens of the Senate and House of Rep resentatives : It has not been my purpose to en ter at this time upon the consideration of particu lar topics, which may more properly be reserved - for other communications. There is, however, one subject of such vital interest to the honor and well-being of the Commonwealth, as to challenge the very earliest expression of my views respect ing it. I allude, of course, to the condition of our public debt. If there is one distinguishing trait of character in our citizens, it is that of living within their means, and honestly paying their debts; and if there is one certnin result in the working of one representative system, it is, that the character of the government is identical with that of the peo ple. By the application of thU truth, which in equally simple and certain, cur duty under existing circumstances is rendered as plain as it is obliga tory. The credit of our State must be redeemed. We are urged to the performance of this duty, not only by our fidelity as representatives, but also by the piinciples of sound morality, by our honest pride as Pennsylvanians, and by our obligations to the Union to maintain and elevate the national character. I shall, of course, not he understood in these re marks, as expressing any opinion on the question of the immediate ability of tho State Treasury to resume its payments of interest. This question r
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers