The whole art ok Government consists in the art of reing honest. Jefferson.
VOL 5.
STROUDSBURG. MONROE COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 1845.
No. 3G
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AT THE OFFICE OF THE
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The PoorGod help them.
BY MRS. MARV E. HKWI'fT.
Old Winter hath come with a stealthy tread,
O'er the fallen Autumn leaves,
And shrilly he whistleth overhead,
And pipeth beneath the eaves.
Let him come ! We care not amid our mirth
For the driving snow or rain ;
For little we reck of the cold, dull hearth,
Or the broken window pane.
Tis a stormy night, but our glee shall mock
At the winds that loudly prate,
As they echo the moan of the poor that knock
With their cold hands at our gate.
The poor! We give them the half-picked bone,
And the diy and mildewed bread ;
Ah! they never, God help them! know the pain
Of being over fed.
Till rounctagain with the cheering wine,
White the fire grows warm and bright;
And sing me a song, sweet-heart of mine,
Ere you whisper the words 'Good night!'
You never will dream, 'neath the covering warm
Of your soft and curtained bed,
Of the scanty rug and the shivering form,
And the yawning roof o'erhead.
The poor! God p-ty them in their need!
We've a prayer for their every groan ;
They ask us with unstretched hands for bread,
And we give unto them a stone-
God help them ! God help us ! for much we lack,
Though lofty and rich we be,
And open our hearts unto all that knock
With the crv of cnARiTr !
Oar Population in 1900.
A curious and interesting table has been pub
lished in the National Intelligencer, in relation to
cur population and its progress. It is from the
pen of Mr. Darby, and we learn that the first idea
of constructing such a table, was suggested by
the results of a process undertaken from mere cu
riosity. That process was performed by taking
the sum of the first census of 1790, and allowing
an increment of three per cent annually; thus, 3,
929,827, in ten consecutive operations, on the prin
ciple assumed, gave for 1800, 6,281,408, which
differed only 23,475 in deficit from the actual re
turns by the census of the latter year. He then
carried on the process up to 1840, and found that
while the real census showed a population of 17,
003,337, his mode of computing by, the three per
cent annual increase, showed a population of 17,
217,706. The mean ratio during the fifty years
from 1790 to 1840 inclusive, as shown by the der
cennial census, comes out to a very near fraction,
4,312. This ratio used to deduce the decennial
numbers through the subsequent half century, will
give the United States a population of 102,810,
01 in the year 1900, L e. about 50 years Irom this
lime, Mr. Darby's conjectural ratio of increase give
us a population at the same time of 101,553,377.
Mr. Darby says of this prodictous number:
'Even well-informed persons, but who have not
paid particular attention to the subject, may be
excusably startled when they read the future in
crease and enormous mass of population stated op
posite the year 1900, at the foot of either column.
The tables, however, contain internal evidence, of
accuracy, as far as the case can admit, and espe
cially by showing that, in the previous half centu
rv to 1844, the population hd more than quadru
pled. Further, that the so established increase
vns made under difficulties, some of which are al
together removed and all lessened in their deterio
rating effects, whilst on ihe other side facilities of
transportations by land and wntpr, by steam, roads,
ai'd other improved means, are multiplied and mul
'iplying beyond all human anticipation. The once
Jernlile danger of savage warfare is now only a
latter of history. In brief, the elements of civil
,?ed life are indefinitely increased in number and
i wer.'
WlA3XSKkJ'Z MISTS
From "The Friend."
Column's Reports.
(continued.)
"In some parts of the country, as in Lincoln
shire for example, twice a year, in the spring and
autumn, are held, in some principal market towns,
statute fairs, vulgarly called 'statties,' where
young men and women wanting service assemble,
and persons wanting labourers or servants go there
to supply their wants. Such arrangements have
certainly many advantages ; but they have also
their evils, and the assembling of large numbers of
men and women, in such cases with, not unfre
quently, the usual accompaniments of a fair5are
said to lead to much dissoluteness and dissipation.
This is to be expected. This arrangement serves
to average the rate of wages, and must be to all
parties a great saving of time. In the present con
dition of female labour in the United States, there
could be none but the worthless to offer themselves
in this way ; but with respect to young men seek
ing employment, there would be great advantages
in having a day and place fixed in some principal
town, when and where persons wishing for em
ployment might be found by persons wishing to
employ them ; and such an 4 Exchange' might be I
annually held to advantage. An arrangement of j
this kind has often recommended -itself to my
mind for its convenience, and 1 have, before this,
urged its adoption.
It is a painful, though not an unheard of an
omaly, that, in the midst of the greatest abundance
of human food, immense numbers of those by
whose labour this food is produced are actually
T
suffering and perishing from hunger ; that where I whose toil we live, and the moral improvement of
ten millions of acres of improvable lands, capable those, upon whom as well as upon their more fa
of being made productive lands, lie uncultivated, ! voured brethren, God has equally impressed his
millions of hands, which might subdue, enrich and j
beautify this waste, from necessity remain unem
ployed ; and that in a country, where the accumu
lations of wealth surpass the visions of oriental
splendour and magnificence, there exist on the
other hand, such contrasts of want, destitution,
privation auu misery, as wouiu surpass oen u..U
1 .1 ? .1 J . -r. .1
a 3 - u . I i : - r i '
aeiy me power oi me imagination, uunorine sup-
port of incontrovertible and overwhelming evi
dence. Under the present institutions of the c'oun-
I try, a perfect remedy is hopeless, ai:d0'an allevia
tion of these evils is all which can be looked for.
An entire revolution in the institutions of the coun
try, in the forms of society, and in the condition
of property, could only be effected by violence;
and the consequences of such a revolution it would
be frishtful to contemplate. But should a revolu-
revolu- j
tion occur, and the frame-work of society be bro-;
ken up, and its elements be thrown into a state ot ;
chaotic confusion, what sagacity could predict
the results, and what security is there that in any
re-arrangernent these evils would be rectified, and
the rights of labour, any better protected? I say
the rights of labour, for who, under any circum
stances, will presume to deny tha't they, by whose
labour the earth is mude to yield her fruits, and all
accumulations of wealth are obtained, have not,
indeed, in common justice, a perfect claim to a
full share of the products of their own toil.
'"I am not disposed to quarrel with any of the
institutions of this gieat and enlightened country
great and enlightened, as a whole, beyond al
most any precedent. I am not disposed, in any
offensive form, to profess my own preferences for
institutions, to which birth nd education may
have strongly attached me ; but, to my mind, it is
obvious that no great improvement can take place
in the character and condition of the labouring
population, while they remain a dislinctand ser
vile class, without any power of rising above their
condition. At present the most imaginative and
sanguine see no probability of their rising above
their condition, of being anything but labourers, or
of belonging to any other than a servile and de
pendent class. The low state of their wages ab
solutely forbids the accumulation of any property.
They cannot own any of the soil which they cul
tivate. The houses which they occupy belong not
to themselves, and they may at any time be turned
out of them.
' 1 believe it is impossible for a man who lives
in a state of entire dependence upon others to
have the spirit of a man; and who, in looking out
upon the beautiful and productive earth, where
God has placed him, is compelled to feel that
there is not a foot of soil, which, under any cir
cumstances, he can claim for himself; that there
is not a tree nor a shelving rock by the road side,
where he can shelter himself and gather under his
wing the little ones whom God may have cast
upon his care, but he is liable to be driven away
at the will of another ; that the use of his own
hands and limbs are not his own; that he cannot,
but at the will of another, find a spot of ground
where ho can apply them ; and that oven the gush
ings from the lock in the wilderness, and the man
na which descends from heaven, are intercepted
in their progress to him, and doled out lop often in
reluctant and scanty measure.
44 This will not be pronounced an exaggerated
cr coloured picture of tLe con li ion of the agri
cultural labouring population of"England. I sup
pose that, with the exception of some few rights
of common, where some miserable mud hut has
been erected and the possessor has a, kind of al
lowed claim during his life, few instances can be
found of a labourer's owning, in fee simple, a cot
tage, or so much as a rood of land. . I recollect,
in passing through a part of Derbyshire, in a re
gion which I was told afterwards was, from the
contiguity of several large estates, called the 4Du
keries,' the coachman, by whose side I was seat
ed, said to me that this was the Duke of Devon
shire's village, and this the Duke of Rutland's,
and this the Duke of Norfolk's, and so on; and I
could not help asking myself, with some sinking
of heart, where is the people's own village 1
" There are persons who see in this condition
no evil nor hardship. I am not about to expatiate
upon its evils or hardships,- if evils or hardships
there be in it. If, in the present condition of soci
ety, pecuniary gain is to be the only worthy object
of pursuit, and a pecuniary standard the only rule
bywhich the goods of life are to be measured, and
the human frame is to be regarded only as so much
organized flesh and bone, to be worked up at our
pleasure into the means of wealth and luxury, their
the improvement of the character and condition of
the labouring classes is not a subject to attract the
attention of the political economist, excepting so
far as the perfection of the machine may conduce
to the increased amount of the work to be accom
plished by it. But, if a belter rule is to prevail,
and men are to feel their moral responsibility to
each other, and the physical comfort of those by
image, are to be cared for, the condition o( the la-
hourinc: classes deserves the most cordial interest
of every man who has a spark of patriotism, pub
lic spirit, or philanthropy in his bosom.
"The census of Great Britain reports the num-
ber of labourers employed in agriculture, at S87,-
l r!f onl tKckA n'i; li t ti i i r rimliac rnmnncp n nnn. t
.m ., - r-r .
nliAii nrnnl I n t iron ml limn U'a h II n ri rfti ,
umuuu - " ,
rr c .i ti i r
tie-fifth of the whole population of!
m, r i . ,v I
The wanes of laoour, according to
-
1 - t 1 . - 1 . f - 1 1 1 I . - l
thousand, or or
the kingdom
the reports of the committees of Parliament, vary,
in different counties, from seven shillings sterling
to twelve shillings per week; and the rent of their
cottages may be said to average about one shil
ling and sixpence sterling per week."
As a farther illustration of the great poverty of
this numerous body of people, Colman makes a
fe;v extracts from a "Treatise on Cottage Econo-I
my," published in the Journal of the Royal Agn
cultural Society, and which certainly contains
many valuable suggestions for the poor cottager.
" 4 The liquor in whicti meat is boiled should al
ways be saved for the .making of soup, and the
bones even offish should also be preserved ; for
although quite bare of meat, yet if stewed down
for several hours they will yield a species of broth,
which along with peas or oatmeal, will make good
soup. A lot of boijes may always be got from the
butcher's for two pence, and they are never scraped
so clean as not to have some scraps of meat ad
hering to them.
44 4 This done, the bones are to be again boiled
in the same manner, but .for a longer time, and the
broth" may be made the next day into a stew with
rice.
4,:Nor is this all; for the bones if again boiled
for a still longer time, will once more yield a nour
ishing broth, which may be made into pea-soup ;
and when thus done with, may either be sold to
the crusher or poundod by yourself, and used as
manure for your garden.' "
Colman exclaiius at the 44 coolness with which
the writer descants upon a single sheep's head and
pluck making four savory dinners for a family ;
and a pasty made of any kind of meat or fruit roll
ed up in suet or lard, with a couple of ounces of
bacon, and half a pound of raw potatoes slightly
seasoned, carried in a man's pocket when he goes
to work a good distance from home, being' ample
for his dinner; and upon potatoes having the great
advantage over bread of better filling the stomach;
and the advice respecting the cooking of the same
bones again and again, three successive days,"
and contrasts this meagre diet with the bill of fare
of the Council of that same Royal Agricultural
Society at the banquet at Derby in 1843, where at
the first course were displayed sixteen dishes of
fish arid twenty-six tureens of turtle and other
costly soups, followed by a second course of ven
ison, turkics, &c, to the ainount of fifty-eight
dishes, and a third course of ducks, rabbits, lob
sters, &c, with ninety-six puddings, making up
wards of twenty different kinds of preparations,
and closing with a fourth course of grapes, pine
apples, peaches, nectarines, &c. &c, and wines
at pleasure He adds: 44 In these comparisons
most certainly Tmean no disrespect to any human
bdnir. Hut the contrast here presented between
the condition of the producer and the consumer
cannot fail to read a most important and instruc
What its moral uts are, I think no,
tive leeon.
fair and reflecting mind will be at a loss to per
ceive. 1 shall not therefore write the moral at
the bottom
" As I have before remarked, it is much more
easy to point out and deplore an evil, than it is to
suggest a remedy. Yet the inquiry is one which
deeply concerns religion and humanity. It is on
ly just likewise to remark, and I do it with the
highest pleasure, that the subject is now interest
ing innumerable benevolent persons in the highest
ranks and in the middle conditions of life, to a de
gree never perhaps before known ; and that many
of the brightest minds are now concentrating their
energies upon its investigation and cure. It is
with equal pleasure that I can say that I have
found among many of the landlords the most watch
ful attention to the welfare of their labourers, and
every kind provision for themln sickness, decay,
or misfortune. Alas! that there are so many, who
do not come within the reach of this provision, and
so many, who refuse or neglect to make it."
I . .
A Yasak.ee Editor's Apology.
If we had a subscriber on our list that we tho't
would not take the following as a sufficient excuse
for the want of a single line, we would erase his
name therefrom :
' The business of the editor has been too multi
farious this week to admit his paying much atten
tion to the editorial department of his paper. Our
journeyman and devil have both been drunk, and
we (that is ourself,) have been compelled to set
most of the types and do the press work for the
paper. It is known that we are a practising phy
sician, and that our calls are unusually prolific
this week. Our sister's nurse has been sick, and
we have been compelled to spend a considerable
portion of our time in rocking the cradle. This
would appear a sufficient excuse for any reasona
ble man, but it is not all. A beautiful black eyed
girl came to town- last Saturday, and we had no
sooner seen her than we were half dead in love :
we have, during the week, wooed and won the
' dame, and ahall (if no lawful objection be madej
j d at th(J Melh0dist church to-morrow.
Are our patrons satisfied?
f
may be doomed to a hie ot
, , r ,
1 I l..kA I n linn tr
ntrnn sat;sfied i If not. we hone thev
rut M..ww ' &
celibacy, or if married
to all the horrors of a hen pecked husband!'
Afiiecdote.
When Dr. Rush was a young man, he had been
invited to dine in company with Robert Morris,
Esq., a man celebrated for the part he took" in the
American Revolution. It so happened that the
; romnanv na(i Vaite
aited some time for Mr. Morris,
wljQ ofJ his a.jpearr
appearance apolocized for detaining
them, by saying that he had been engaged in rea -
dino- a sermon of a clergyman who had just gone
to England to receive orders. " Well, Mr. Mor
ris," said the Doctor, " how did you like the ser-
t i , i iri.i 11 1 1 Wl,t.
mon J l nave nearu u wgnry eAium.-u. ,
j Doctori said he, " 1 did not like-it at all. It's too
j sm00th an(i tanio for me." "Mr. Morris," replied
the Doctor, " what sort of a sermon do you like!"
"I like, sir," replied Mr. M., "that kindof preach
ing which drives a man into the corner of his pew,
and makes him think the devil is after him."
The Portland Bulletin tells a good story of a
certain good Deacon, whose hat blew off and led
him a long race after it through the street. At
length the Deacon became exhausted in the race,
and pulled up against a post by the sidewalk. A
gentleman came along, o whom the Deacon ad-
i ,.i I'm.. r: 1 T .m fi Annr.ntx.
dressed mmsen inus: viy muiiu, a ui --.
and it is very wrong for me to swear; you will
therefore greatly oblige me if you will just d n
that hat for we.'
4 What's the matter, Ephraim V
1 O, I'm sick of this confounded influenza
I'm
dead.'
4 Why on earth don't you go and get a coflm,
thei,!'
4 Thank you, I've been troubled enough with
coughin, lately.'
Appearances ake Deceitful. Under this cap
tion somebody discourses thus : 4 It is no sign be
cause a man eats bull-frogs, that he can jump a
ten rail fence, nor because he dines on snails oc
casionally, that he should travel slow.'
Comparison. Those who indulge in splendor
of dress and equipage, beyond the amount of their
incomes, are truly compared to houses on fi re
which shine by that which destroys them.
A correspondent of the Newark (N. J ) Adver
tiser, writing from Havre, (France) says:
4 The horses here are of a large Normandy breed,
much larger than the Pennsylvania horse. I saw
one to-dav eointr apparently with much ease,
drawimr on a truck, like those at Boston, two
hogshead of molasses and five boxes of sugar, a
half of which in Boston.b a load for two horses.'
ifk
4 Measures,' says the Boston Yankeo, 4arc to be
taken immediately to prevent tlfelrNiagara I'alls
from roaring on the Sabbath.'
GOV22RHOS& SSSJJiVSC'S
INAUGURAL ADDRESS.'
Friends and Fellow Citizens: I appear before
you in obedience to the will of the freemen of
Pennsylvania, to give the solemn pkdge prescribed
by the Constitution, and to enter upon the office
of Governor.
When I contemplate the interest of our Com
monwealth, as an independent sovereignty, and -a
a member of the community of American States ;
the multiplied relations over which it exerts a su
pervising guardianship, and the peculiarly weigh
ty obligations that press upon it at the present mo
ment. I feel how imperfectly I am qualified to
discharge, and even to comprehend aright, the ar
duous and complicated duties to which I have
been called. To Him who watches over the des
tinies of States, as well as men, and whose favor
is light and strength, I look upwards with humblo
trust, that He will overrule my errors and give ef
ficiency to my honest efforts for the public good.
Happily the principles which should regulate
the administration of the State, have been long
since declared and established by our republican
fathers. They are few and clear. That equal
and exact justice should be. administered to men
of all parties in politics, and of all persuations in
religion that our public faith should he kept sa
cred under all circumstances that freedom of re
ligion, of suffrage, and of the press, should be held
inviolate that general educatio"h is essential to
the preservation of liberty that the separate, rights
and powers of the executive, legislative and judiT
cial departs of the Government, sTiould be strictly
maintained that the Government should be faith
fully, but frugally administered, and all to whom
it is entrusted held to frequent and strict account
abilitythat particular mischief should be cor
rected by general rather than by special laws
that the grant of exclusive privileges to some, is
repugnant to our whole system the intent of which
is to make firm the equal lights of all that men
associated for gain, should, in common with oth
ers, be liable individually for all their joint en
gagements, and that the obedience of the public
aoent to the will of his constiuents is essential to
a rijjht administration of the Government, and to
the preservation of freedom.
These are the leading principles by which I
propose to be guided in the performance of my
official duties. They are all of them primary
truths, affecting the basis of our government, and
needing no better confirmation of their value than
is to be found every where in the history of our
pmintrv.
j Th far act()n of QUr system iias illustrated
i h ach of man for self government, and has
shown that entrusted with his own political des
tinies, and unincumbered by bad laws, he advan
ces steadily in knowledge and true happiness.
Tire doubts at first entertained of its adequacy to
meet all the contingencies which arise in the af
fairs of nations, have been dissipated by experi
ence. The practical operation of the governments
of the States and of the Union, in advancing the
welfare of the inhabitants of our extended and ex
tending country, demonstrate their utility. This
is the result of that simple and natural organiza
tion, founded upon the assent of the people, by
which their sovereign will rules in their local af
fairs is extended to the State governments, and
a jiappy combination gives direction to the go
vernment of the Union. Their competency to go
vern themselves is confirmed by the peace, happi
ness and prosperity which their government has
secured to the citizens of these States, and is an
assurance that in their hands the welfare of all
will be, as it has been, guarded and advanced.
Fellow-citizens of the Senate and House of Rep
resentatives : It has not been my purpose to en
ter at this time upon the consideration of particu
lar topics, which may more properly be reserved -
for other communications. There is, however,
one subject of such vital interest to the honor and
well-being of the Commonwealth, as to challenge
the very earliest expression of my views respect
ing it. I allude, of course, to the condition of our
public debt.
If there is one distinguishing trait of character
in our citizens, it is that of living within their
means, and honestly paying their debts; and if
there is one certnin result in the working of one
representative system, it is, that the character of
the government is identical with that of the peo
ple. By the application of thU truth, which in
equally simple and certain, cur duty under existing
circumstances is rendered as plain as it is obliga
tory. The credit of our State must be redeemed.
We are urged to the performance of this duty, not
only by our fidelity as representatives, but also by
the piinciples of sound morality, by our honest
pride as Pennsylvanians, and by our obligations
to the Union to maintain and elevate the national
character.
I shall, of course, not he understood in these re
marks, as expressing any opinion on the question
of the immediate ability of tho State Treasury to
resume its payments of interest. This question
r