11 E The whole art ok Government consists in the art of being honest. Jefferson. It-il I II fl III lFfiXiiM'ilil .ri " ' I. VOL 5. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY SCIIOCII & SPSRIISG. llie " . . . . ( -.w j 4IIUJ piper5 by a carrier or stage drivers employed by ihc proprie papers discontinued until all arrearages are paid, except at tlie option of the Editors-. IE? Advertisements not exceeding one square (sixteen lines) nni be inserted three weeks for one dollar : twenty-five cents (,ir eicrv subsequent insertion : larger ones in proportion. A ' rC?AU letters addressed to the' Editors must be post paid. JOB PRIiWIITO. Having a ccncral assortment of large elegant plain and orna- menu" i jic, u ui; piuiiai un iu cjluuulu every description of Cards, Circulars, Bill Heads, Rotes, Klauk Iteccipts, JUSTICES, LEGAL AND OTHER BLANKS, PAMPHLETS, &c. Printed with neatness and despatch, on reasonable terms AT THE OFFICE OF THE .Tc $ f e rs o u i a it R op b I i ca n . The Dreamer's SoKg. I dream of ihee at morn, Whan all the earth is gay. Save I, who live a life forlorn, And die through a long decay. 1 dream of thee at noon, When the summer sun is high, And the river sings a sleepy tune, And the woods give no reply. I dream of thee at eve, Beneath the fading sun, When e'en the winds begin to grieve, And I dream till day is done. I dream of thee at night, When dreams, men say, are free.: Alas! thou dear, too dear delight, When dream I not of thee ! From "The Friend." Column's Reports (continued.) In the season of harvest immense numbers of Irish come over to assist in the labour, and this presents almost the only opportunity which they have, in the course of the year, of earning a little money to pay the rent of their cabin and potato patches. Nothing can exceed the destitution and squalidncss in which they are seen; starved, rag ged, and dirty beyond all description, with the tat ters hanging about them like a few remaining : leathers upon a plucked goose. At their first j coming they are comparatively feeble and ineffi cient; but, after a week's comfortable feeding, they recover strength, increasing some pounds in j weight, and, if they are allowed to perform their work by the piece, they accomplish a great deal. "I lound in one case on two farms which, though under two tenants, might be considered as a joint concern more than lour hundred labour ers employed during the harvests, a large propor tion of whom were women, but not exclusively Ir ish. The average wages paid the men in this j case was one shilling, or 24 cents! per day and j food, which was estimated at about 18 cents per j day. Their living consisted of oatmeal-porridge J for breakfast; 1 pound of wheaten bread, and 1 1-2 pint of beer at dinner; and at night, a supper re sembling the breakfast, or 2d. in lieu of it. I was curious to know how so many people were lodged it night. In some cases they throw themselves down under the stacks, or upon oome straw in the sheds, or out-buildings of the farm; but in the case to which I refer above, I was shown into the rattle-stalls and stables, the floors of which were -ined with straw; and here the men's coats and the women's caps and bonnets upon the walls, in iica;pd that it was occupied by both parties pro--roiscuously. This was indeed the fact. Each Person, as far as possible, was supplier! with a blanket, and those were the whole accommoda tions and the whole support. This was rf&t a sin gularinstance. I am unwilling to make any com ment upon such facts as ihese. They speak for themselves. Theyaie maltersof general custom, and seemed to excite no attention. The employ ers, in tfus case, were persons of respectable char acter and condition., and their families distinguish- 'J fcr refinement. Jt presents .one among many . "istanres in which habit and custom reconcile us ti many things which would otherwise -offend;' and iead us to .view some practice's, utterly unjustifia ble in themselves, with a degree of complacency r mdiffercnce;-and as unalterable, because they have been so long established. ''This condition of things should certainly savo ur country from the reproach, if it be one, which jme are disposed to attribute to American -manors, thaj. of treating woman with-too much co'ur '?sy and deference. I cannot bring; myself,- how ler, to view the subject with any lightness what c,er. My confident con victldn is, that the virtue 'f a community depends on nothing more than on tfiu character of tie women. In proportion as TERMS. Two ilollars per annum In advance Two dollars and a quarter, half yearly and if not pud before Ihc end of -. . ...r Turt f1iil!:ii- rn! n hlf Fhot win t-iii 1. gi STROUDSBURG. MONROE COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY, JANUARY 23, 1845. tllPV arn imnnti.n.l 1 . , , ..-i-m.cu, uuu iremco. wun aeierenco on account of their sex, the women are brought to re spect themselves, and the character of the men is directly improved: character itself becomes valu able to both parties. But in proportion as the condition of women is degraded, and they are con sidered and treated as mere animals, self-respect is not known among them; character is of no val ue; and the moral condition of such a class, or ra ther its improvement, is absolutely without hope. Nor is it without its pernicious influences upon the classes in the community above them. Much faull as some persons have been pleased to find with the deference paid to the sex in the United States, I should be very sorry to see it in the smal lest measure abated. ."For a considerable portion of the year, the farm labourers are not allowed any beer. I could not learn that any allowance of whiskey or spirits is ever given them by their employers, or that it is ever carried by them into the fields. The drink ing, in this country, with the lower and labouring classes of people seems, in a great degree, con fined to the licensed houses, of which, certainly, there is nowheie any want. In passing through the village of Glossop, in Derbyshire, a modern and an exceedingly well-built village, in distanco, I should judge, of less than three-fourths of a mile, I counted, as I passed along on the. box of the coach, thirty-five licensed retail shops, most of which were probably for the sale, among other things, of intoxicating liquors. Indeed the num ber of licensed retailers in every village in Eng land is qnito remarkable, and would seem, in ma ny cases, to include almost every fourth house. "I am not disposed to object to the employment j of women in some kinds of agricultural labour. The employment of them in indiscriminate labour' is liable to the most serious objections. Nothing can be more animating, and, in its way, more beau tiful, than on a fine clear day, when the golden and waving harvest is ready for the sickle, to see; t as I have several times seen, a party of more than !. a hundred women and girls entering the field, cut ting the grain, or binding it up after the reapers. In cultivating the turnips they are likewise ex- j trcmely expert. In tending and making hay, and J in various other agricultural labours, thay carry their end of the yoke even ; but in loading and leading out dung, and especially, as I have seen them, in carrying broken limestone in baskets on ' their heads, to be put into the kilns, and in bear- j ing heavy loads of coal from the pits, I have felt that their strength was unnaturally taxed, and that, at least in these cases, they were quite out of 'wo man's sphere.1 I confess, likewise, that my gal lantry has been severely tried, when I have seen them at the inns acting as ostlers, bringing out the horses, and assisting in changing the coach team, while the coachman went into the inn to try the strength of the ale. The natural effect of such employment upon women, is to render tiiern neg ligent of their persons, and squalid and dirty in their appearance: and with th.s neglect of person, they cease to be treated with any deference by the other sex, and lose all respect for themselves. Personal neglect and uncleanlines3 are followed by their almost invariable concomitants, mental and moral impurity and degradation. ''There are two practices in regard to agricul tural labour, not universal, by any means, but pre vailing in some parts of England and Scotland, which I may notice. The first is called the 'Gang system.' In some places, owing to the size of farms being greatly extended, cottages being suf fered to fall into decay and ruin, labourers have been congregated in villages, where have prevail ed all the evils, physical and moral, which are naturally to be expected from a crowded popula tion, shoved into email and inconvenient habita tions, and subjected to innumerable privations. In this case the farmer keeps in permanent and steady employment no more labourers than are ab solutely required for the constant and uninterrup ted operations of the farm; and relies upon the obtaining of a large number of hands, or a gang, as it is termed, whenever any great job is to be accomplished, that he tr.ay be enabled to .-flt'ct it at once, and at the smallest expense. Under these circumstances he applies to a gang-master, as he js termed, who contracts for its execution, and through whom the poor laborers must find employ ment, if they find it at all; and upon whose terms they must wo'fk, or get no work. The gang-master has them completely in his power, taking care to provide well for himself in his own commis sions, which must, of course, be deducted from the wages of the labourers, and subjecting ihcm,. at pleasure, to the most despotic and severe con ditions. It is not optional with theso poor crea ture's to say whQther they will work or not, but whether they will work or die thoy have not oth er resource change their condition they cannot contract separately for their work they cannot, be cause the farmer confines his contiacts 10 the gang-master; and wo may infer from the reports of the commissioners, laid before the governing'. that the system is one of oppression, cruelty, and plunder, and in every respect leading to gross im moralities. The distance to which these labour ers go is often as much as five or six miles, and this usually on foot, and to return at night. Chil dren and girls are compelled to go these distances, and consequently must rise very early in the mor ning, and reach home at a very late hour at night. Girls and boys, and young men and women, work. When the distanco to which they go for work is ten miles, they are sent in carts When the dis tances are great, they occasionally pass the night at the place of work, and then lodge in barns, or anywhere else, indiscriminately together. The general account given of the operations of the sys tem shows an utter profligacy of mind in their general conversation and manners. If they go in the morning, anda.stay only a little while, on ac count of rain, or other good cause, they are paid nothing. The day is divided into quarters, but no fractions of time are in any case allowed to them. Then the persons employed are required, in many cases, to deal with the gang master for the sup pleis they receive, in payment for their labour. The results of such a system are obvious. The work being taken by the piece, the gang-master presses them to their utmost strength. The frag ments of days, in which work is done and not paid for to the labourers, are all to the benefit of the gang-master, who, in such case: gets a large a mount of work done at no cost. But his advanta ges do not end here, for there is no doubt that he gets a high advance upon the goods which he re quires them to purchase of him, and thus their wagca are 1 educed still lower. Children of the ages of four, five, and six, work in the gangs. They earn nincpence a day, the big ones : the small, fonrpence ; children of seven years old, threepence a day. " In some pans of Scotland, what is called the! bothie system, or employment of unmarried men, living together in a bothie or hovel attached to the steading. The wages are paid in money or kind, as may be agreed upon ; and the labourers are furnished with a room, fuel, and bedding ; with two pecks of oat-meal weekly, and with a daily I allowance of new or of sour milk occasionally ' they may have beer and biead fo: dinner instead ; of the porridpe. Nothing more, however, is done ' for thern. They prepare their porridge themselves j in such way as they choose; but this comprehends ! ... r.u:T;..: ir : ir ! ine wooie ui ineir living. . jiavnig niysun visueu a Scotch bothie, I cannot, how much soever the economy of he arrangements may be praised, ve ry much commend the style of housekeeping. In deed it is nut ditiicull to infer that where young men and others are turned into a hovel together, and without any one to look after their lodging or prepare .their meal3, the style of living cannot have the advantages even of the wigwam of a North American savage ; for tiiexe, at least, there fs a squaw to provide the food, and to look after the premises. The wages of a Scotch labourer are about 12 sterling per year, and living as above; and for a woman; as a field labourer, four shil- lings sterling per week, or about eighty-eight els., out of which she provides herself." A Son's vs!it3i:atioa of his IFaiSacr. A gentleman who has lately visited the battle field of Lundy's Lane, narrates the following in regard to a Bon of the late f ren. Hull : "The height whicli Miller stormed is now a grave-yard. In its bosom repose, side by 'side, and in peace till the great trump shall sound, the remains of those who on that field struck at each other's life. A generous warrior spirit gave both equal honors and a common grave. Among the dead of the day theie buried, the name of Hull, a captain in the American army, caught my eye. He fell in the battle, in his S2d ycur, as he desired to fall. He was the son of Gen. Hull, who igno rniniously surrendered Detroit at the commence ment of the war and was sentenced to die a cow ard's death. Deeply did his high-spirited son feel this stain upon his name, and he sought for every opportunity of washing it out, if need be, with his heart's blood. Ho did wash it out ; and here, sword in hand, beneath his country's flag, on the crown of the enemy's works, and in the arms of Victory he died !" A New York paper says that .-.everal tons of brimstone have been ordered to Washington, to cure those loafers stationed there who have an itch' for office. Tun "Oldest Inhabitant," that much talked of individual has been discovered at last. An qlderly chap, speaking of his great knowledge of the western country the other day, said lhat he had "known tho Missisippi river, ever since it was a small cieekl" He's the man. 4 Tom, you seem tp g:fin flesh every day ; the grocery business must agree with you. What did you weigh last V C ' Well, Simon, 1 really forgot now; but it .strikes mo it was a pound 6f butter,' Hon. Roger Itlisiolt Sherman. Hon. Roger M. Sherman, an eminent citizen of Connecticut, died at his residence in Fairfield, on the 30th ult., aged 72 years. He was a distin guished member of the Bar, and in 1840 was cho sen a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, which station he resigned in May, 1842, on ac count of ill health. He was a nephew of Roger Sherman, who signed the Declaration of Indepen dence. Mr. Sherman continued the practice of law for forty-three years, and was, beyond a doubt, en gaged in as great a number of causes as any other lawyer in Connecticut during the present century. In causes of importance, he was frequently called to practice in the courts of other States. In 1814, he became a member of the Upper House of the Connecticut Legislature, and he occupied that seat, by annual election, until 1818. This body of men, in those days, comprised persons of the highest respectability for character and talents ; and among them all Mr. Sherman was distinguish ed for ability, integrity, independence, and a thor ough knowledge of the -policy and interests of the State. Many of the Connecticut statutes relative to the administration of justice, which are now in operation, were drawn up and caused to be passed through the Legislature by him. In the same year (1814), Mr. Sherman was ap pointed, by the Legislature, a delegate to the cel ebrated Hartford Convention. Of his proceedings as a member of that Convention, it is sufficient to say that, although one of the youngest of the as sembly, he maintained his high reputation for learning, judgment and eloquence: and of the Convention itself, it can hardly be inappropriate here to cite what Mr Sherman said on a trial in which the character and objects of that assemblage were in question, and on which trial Mr. Sherman testified, under oath, as a witness : " The Convention met on the 15th of December, 1814. The United States were then at war with Great Britain. They had in their forts and armies twenty seven thousand effective men, of whom on ly about thirteen hundred were employed in New England, although we had a sea-coast to protect of nearly seven hundred miles. By internal taxes, all others having become unproductive by reason of the war, the general government raised large sum3 from the people within our territory. Direct taxation, in the meantime, was the only resource of the State Governments; and this, in Connecti cut, had already been carried to as great an extent as the inhabitants could bear. The banks, which ! furnished all our currency', either withheld their j accommodation or stopped payment, and the peo- j pie were embarrassed by a general stagnation of. business. Powerful fleets and armies lay off our: coast, making and threatening invasion on all parts of our defenceless sea-board. In this emer gency, the New England States were compelled to protect themselves by their own militia, at their own expense. The duration of the war could not be foreseen. Attempts were made to borrow mo ney, without adequate success ; and the national constitution prohibited the emission of bills of credit. At this crisis, while tho Connecticut Le gislature was in session, in October, 1814, a com munication was received from the Legislature of Massachusetts, proposing a convention of dele gates from the New England States, to consult on the adoption of measures for the common safety. Such convention was soon agreed -upon, and the delegates met as already stated. Mr. Otis, from Massachusetts, proposed that it should be recom mended to the several New England Legislatures to present a petition to Congress, praying that body to permit the New England States to unite in defending themselves against the common ene my ; that so much of the national revenue as should be collected in those States should bo appropria ted to that defence ; that the amount so appropria ted should be credited to the United States ; and that the United State3 should agree to pay what ever was oxpended beyond that amount. This proposal was approved by the Convention. Sub sequently, a debate took place as to certain amend ments to the Constitution of the United States, to be proposed bythe State Legislatures. One was, that Congress should not have power hereafter to declare war, without the concurrence of two-thirds of both Houses. It was also recommended to the several Legislatures represented in the Conven tion, to adopt measures for the ptotcction of their citizens from such conscription or impressment as was not authorised by tho Constitution of the United States. This movement was caused by a project laid, before Congress by the Secretary of War, which, I believe, was not adopted. The Le gislatures of Massachusetta"and Connecticut, pur suant to the recommendation of the Convention, sent a delegation to Washington, to lay thoir peti tions before Congress ; but on their arrival, they found peace had boen concluded by tho Treaty of Ghent, and further proceedings bocamo unneces sary. Tiiis is an outline of the origin and pro ceedings of tffe Hartford Convention. It was, no part of the purposes of that Convention to embox- No. 35. rass the government of the United States in pros ecuting the war with Great Britain; its principal object was, on the contrary, a more effectual co operation in that war as to the defence of the. New England States. Much has been said and pub lished to prove that the Convention met for trea sonable purposes; but all this is without founda tion. 1 know the proceedings of the Convention perfectly, and not one of its acts was in any-tanner inconsistent with the obligation of its members to the general government." The following beautiful incident, recorded in a late number of the New York Observer, occurred in the village of Owego, Tioga county. New York, as we learri from the Advortiser, published in that place : A SSeatitifsil Incident. Messrs. .Editors : The following beautiful in cident occurred a few weeks since in a village in one of the Southern counties of our State. It was a warm Sabbath afternoon, and the doors of the village church were thrown open to let in the balmy air from the fields without. The congre gation had assembled, and whilst the minister wn reading the first hymn, a beautiful dove entered the door and came walking up the isle. Such a visiter drew of course universal atten tion. But as the choir rose to sing, he was star ted, and lifting himself on hi3 wings, alighted on the stove pipe above him, where he sat bending his glossy neck and turning his head so as to catch the harmony as it swelled through the temple of God. Whether it was the chorus of voices, or the full-toned notes of the organ that captivated him, I cannot tell ; but he sat the perfect picture of ear nest attention till the music ceased. Waiting a moment as if to hear tho strain com mence again, he started from his perch and sailed to the top of the organ, where he furled his pin ions and sat and looked down on the audience. The young clergyman arose to pray. He is dis tinguished for the earnestness and fervor of his invocation, and as he stood with his hands around the Bible which lay clasped before him, humbly beseeching the Father of all good to send his Ho ly Spirit down, that beautiful bird pitched from his resting place on the organ, and sailing down on level wings the whole length of the church, perched on the Bible directly in front of the cler gyman. It was merely a natural occurrence, but how beautiful the picture. There stood the messenger of God' with his face towards heaven pleading for heaven's blessings the Bible before him, around which his hands were reverently clasped, while on it stood that beautiful and innocent dove. The three thus together formed a group full of interest and symbolising all that is beautiful to man. Tho Word of God was before the people with God's chosen p'mblera. upon it, arid God's herald clasping them as he prayed. What wonder is it if a superstitious feeling ran through the house as the people watched that dove the emblem of innocence and purity and the divine spirit itself standing on the Bible and looking down on them. Beautiful bird, it centered for a time the affections of all on it; and he who. could have injured it there, would have injured hundreds of hearts at the same time. The pres sure of its tiny feet was no sacrilege there, for the expression of its soft eye was innocence and love. The clergyman feeling the presence of thebird4 and fearing it might distract the attention of his hearers, gently passed his hand over the Bible. The dove, unstartled, merely hopped over it on tho cushion where it sat till prayr was ended. It then rose and sailed away. In .former times the dove would have been regarded as a spiritual vis itant from the unseen world, sent on a special mis sion in answer to prayer, and awakened feelings ofawe and reverence. To us it was only a natural but unusual occur rence, awakening simply the sentiment of beauty. It was a new aud accidental figure introduced sud denly into a beautiful picture, giving greater har mony and jperfe-ction to what wo deemed perfect before. The Louisville Journal says that some wag who is tired of the capers of Chivalry, proposes that a big ditch should be cut arourid'lne Palmetto State, and she be pried off and floated to Texas .Tho benevolent projector says the Whigs may -jump, oyer to Georgia or North Carolina. ' Mother, why' does Pa call you honey V MonnMao mv Hnar ho mVPC ma. ""'""""l "V 4 No, Ma, that isn't it.' ' It isn't. What is it then V 4 1 know.' 4 Well, what is it V - ' r' : 4 Why it's because yon have bo much C(imiin your head that's why.' Tho public debt of Mexico, besides what she owes to the United States, is said to be eighty-two millions of dollars, upon which the annual interest is nearly fire millions of dollara.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers