LEWIS J3Y 0. N. WOKDEN & J. R. CORNELIUS. II. C. IIICKOK, Corresponding EniTon. ""IFdiv, ipmi. 27, IK.V.J BAjtonal Correspondence of Lewisbnrg Chronicle. State Convention. IIarkisw.ro, April 15, 1 51 55. Tho Slate Convention of County Super intendents of the Common School, met in the Supreme Court room iu the State Capitol, on Wednesday last, the 11th inst., at 12 o'clock, noou. The at tendance was quite large, some forty -one County Superintendents, among whom, I noticed, the superintendent of your coun ty, was ptcscut. An eloquent nd for cible opening address was delivered by Mr. Cl-rtin, State Superiutcudeut. The com mittee appointed at an informal meeting in the morning, reported the following as the permanent officers of tho Couvcotbn: President TlloMAS NICUOLSO.V, of Beaver county. Vice l'residenfs-IJev. XT Si. A. Good, Berks county, ltev. W.M. J. GlBSO.v, of Centre county. Secretaries E. M. Co.KLl.o,Montour county, John Ku or., Lebanou county. An Executive Committee was then ap pointed to prepare business for the Con vention. Committees were also appoiuted to invite tho Legislature and the Gover nor to be preseut at the session? cf the Convention,aud to invite Dr. MTlixtock, of tho Senate, Chairman of the Committee on Education, to make an address before the Convention. Ths Convcution then tdjourncd to meet in the Hall of the House of JAcprescntatives, and it was ordered that verbal reports should be heard from Coun ty Superintendents, of their operations iu their several eouuties, until the Executive Committee should report and other busi ness would bo prepared for transaction. In the evening, the Convention met in the Senate Chatubir. Professor Hart de livered a lecture and explained the archi tectural construction of the Philadelphia High School. The verbal reports of Su perintendents were aio continued. The Executive Committee reported the following items of business,4"U which Com mittees were respectively appointed : 1. What have been the effects, thus far, of the County Superintendency on public feeling in regard to education, on Direc tors, on Tearhera aud on Schools J 2. By what means can the local super vision of Schools be most iuiproved.whelh cr by paying the present number of direc tors for the time necessarily occupied ic the discharge of their official duties ; by reducing their number and paying them, Or by the eppoiutment by them of a De puty Superintendent with a reasonable Compensation for visiting the schools In accordance with their instructions? 3. Would the adaption of a uniform series cf text bojks in each county, be in accordance with the existinj; Common School Law ; be promotive of the true ob-! iects of the Common School System of! Education, or conducive to tho efficiency of the schools? 4. Should provisional certificates con tinue to be issued, if so under what cir cumstances and for what time? 5. For what reasons should Teachers Certificates be annulled, and in what man ner, and how should the annulment Le made known? 6. Bhould Stato Certificates be issued to Teachers ; what degree of qualification and experience should be possessed to ob tain them, and in what manner, aud by whom should they be examined? The Committees appointed on these sub jects made able and interesting reports, which became the subjects of discussion during the sessions of the Convention. The Committee on Provisional Certificates reported favorably to their continuance for the present with a scale of gradations. The report on the second item, was dis cussed at some length. It was generally Conceded that Directors ought to have some compensation for their services ; that on account of the time spent and the expen ses necessarily incurred by directors in attending to the discharge of their offi cial duties, especially in districts in the country, it would be nothing more than right that they should receive some reasonable remuneration for tho time and Services thus rendered for the general good. The report was finally recommitted to the Committee with the request to report again at the next meeting of the Conven tion. On Thursday evening addresses wore de livered by Gov. Polwck, Dr. M'Clhi ?ock, of the Senate, Col. Cubtix, Super intendent, and also by the Deputy Su perintendent, and at 11 o'clock, P. M., the Convention adjourned to meet at the eall of the State Superintendent, which it h understood will be at Reading, in Sep tember next. Sat fa Ltvlibunj Chronicle. Mr. Editor : 1 am pleased to learn from 'S. II. F." that the sore disease, Hatrr.il .ivu U . IU1UAD UMO long been epidemic, especially in our cities, 1. r . ... uow vi umacr type man it was twenty 7ars ago. In this opinion I fully agree .th "S. II. F." The war of the Ilevo I'Hi&n, and that of 1812, woold of course leave fame e inspiration of reeling ; but, i'Jf'y, men if tense wont Vtt the suns cf a qua ter of a century "go down upon their wrath." And as "S. II. F." and 1 is afflicted "community" are gettiug bctter,I have no prescription to make. llowbcit, 'S. II- F.t" like many another ins.mo pa tient, fancies himself the doctor, and prescribes Lobelia to bis disinterested ledical adviser. Such hallucinations are very common with sick people ; and for tunately, very harmless. Ou the Cuban question, I would say wHh all seriousness, that if our govern ment could purchxse the island for a fair price, and if iu the treaty of purchase, there could be inserted a judicious article providing for tho emancipation of all the slaves, I would have no objection to such peaceful, lawful acquisition of the inland. But are those who are now clamoring for the acquisition of Cuba, friendly to the cause of emancipation ? Do they not rather wish to obtain the island io order to prevent emancipation ? Look at the character of the leading Filibusters, and then judge. Read the late famous Mani festo from Ostend, and then decide. Without doubt, slavery under Spanish rule is as fatal to its victims as slavery under American rulo ; aud perhaps more so. But under such an administration as our present one, thcro would be far less hope for emancipation than there would be under the government of Spain, con trolled as Spain must over be by British influence and British policy. Let slavery be abolished, under tho Banner of Eng laud, rather than made perpetual under the Stars aud Stripes ; aud if any land must iucur the guilt aud the 6bamc of perpetuating human bondage, let not that laud be ours 1 1 Is not the plague spot on the face of our fair Republic al ready large enough ? Are not their lli'jh .Wanmsscs the Slave Oligarchy, already sufficiently arrogant and overbearing ? Mu:t more blood, and more treasure be expended to insure the utter insignifi cance of Frcdtem, aJ f 'he North ? "S. II. &" intimates that "Sam" goes in strongly for acquiring Cuba. Now 1 claim no authority to ? peak for Sam ; but I have heard that Sam is a strong, keen, active young fellow, who intensely bates oppression, and Popery, and foreipn influ ence ; but according to ' S. II. 1'." Sam is likely to fare as badly as a certain girl I once heard of. She (the girl aforesaid) had declared loudly aud on all occasions, ... i - .i l : ,.. ,.l.i I auu a luoueuuu iiiin-s vei, .u cue Huut never marry a red-headed man, aud that she would never marry an Irishman, and that she would never marry a weaver. But, alas, for her 1 "Manifest Dcstiuy" got hold of her one day, and tho next morning she awoke to Cud herself the lawful wedded wife of a red headed Irish weaver 1 1 All three objects of her utter detestation, wrapped, blended, twisted into one thrust into her bosom, tied to her for life, to torture her loathing heart for ! ever, and to tinge the current of her Mood ; through the long flow of couutiess genera tions. ' Even so, according to "S. II. F.," Sam j must swallow the enormous dose of spite-j ful hostile foreign Popery which is the ; main characteristic of the Cuban popula- j tion ; and this dose is to be sweetened by the delectable reflection that ho thus per-1 petuatcs the meanest, foulest system ofj oppression that ever cursed the earth, or insulted the majesty of Heaven. tf I were as young, as active, and as powerful as I take Sam to be, I would horse-whip any man who should dare thus to traduce mycharacter. Anglo American. TIIK LIFE-GAUGE. Thev err who measure life by years, With false or thoneMleiS lonpue ; Sume hearts grow old before their lime ; Others are always young ! 'Tis not the number of the lines On life's laM-fillinj pa-re. 'Tis not the fulse's acl.ied throbs, Which constitute our age. Some souls are serfs among the free. While others nobly strive ; They stand just where their fathers's stood, Dead, even while they live! Others, all spirit, heart and sense Theirs the mysterious power To live, in thrills of joy or woe, A twelvemonth in an hour ! Seize, then, the minutes as they piss The woof of life is thought .' Warm up the colors, let them glow, By fire or fancy fraught 1 Live to some purpose make thy life A gift of use to thee joy, a good, a golden hope, A heavenly argnsy! Abbt Ai.uk. High Prices. The indications are that the present high prices for bread stuffs will soon deeliue. They aro already drooping in New York ; and it is expect ed that they will materially decline on the opening of the Erie Canal, which is to take place on the 10th of May. We ad vise all holders of grain or dour to cell without delay. The present prices are high enough to meet the grasping hanker of a miser ; and any ono who is not satis fied with them will not merit much sym pathy if they hold on and take lower ones. InJrpendent Whig. Three Southern towns have been near ly destroyed by Are within a short time past, vis : Grenada in Mississippi, Gaines ville, in Alabama, and Sandersville, iu Georgia BURG rihijs at A POEM, IklicerctI Irorf t-V hurnutm Literary FocUfy nf Lewuburg I niwiity March 3, Ui5. A He for iniTi ! Law hn h tillt'f iVM. For tmw men? intuitu- that lit Ml tni'Lt yield, Ami it It In- uitixl, (.thru grJcii ot UimJ.J dig in dMrkii-', whi-u tic uuirjit have In! S iqiv iH'bltT Hpht-re, Mvi Ml liiruvlf a tuuuf, l..kv Or. Ut-rsi'lit il, io a !nha Irwin. A in! U. at -utli id called to die m won, Kr tliii.k it rut.nt, till lie lirut aHst-tl (tis noon. A Iilm ! ni.1.1 tl, that it 'hottt J eVr I f y.ti i, i titit jcr:iy IijUh l!ti.Ft.m on a hollow I;. -ad. May litis lafc .:. U- lr-li rr coii.-'tru. J, Kr t natty wine. Tti r-t. umi Wfll n I'm J; Mny i'si-Ii nrrr -.'iUi nl is uow Uun, Hy N,uri J l r nth I wafi- J F&fWy tm. HtMVrn lure tli- m on, till laml ami climr afar hliall !c thv glitnm'ri. vt i!njirCvi-io'nt n'ar, I'll) uiftital iK'Wer, with ninny a 'i'-ar bought cpotl, iha!I crtwn aiuliton for a lile of toil. -r thin great t-nl tin- iit int-n live prayed; r tin. tfri-ait Mid Mcn-ti HTf m:di; fr' r thin nnt end ihey mt from jvar to year; Kr tlii ilium-, .Ufjimis are hr. -..ur yennt am. t ti ifoiiHr of tlii bund Ki-ieiTi-d ltd rij-nrt ftxim it author' baud; Four yar n,'. a tuau of hoary hairs, C'alh'j it F.ucpi&n, thr nam'' it U-ar. Fnrth tht n tan nuJ. aud nrriauiriit th come 'ill. rry xbrxMMi, a mighty tiling at hutne, W ' tti-u w. r- ilrivcn l' that t-nintnon rars To niukr aivanruifitt with the KWt-llii; age, FT fu-J of tuli.on. tli.-md of ri-Jf ; If f.i-liifti di, 'twTf h.-tter man had tiJ. Four Tfarn njn, tiin "Ututf r mt. For eathriuz du-, cvincnl -fItuil pter: Four yi-nr' havf iafs-J, and tho' tht-y ni uiayMem A v;i;ue and -uipty w a it hit' dri'itm, V.'t. when w make f:om thin h-nit rund of dayfl, Our hartado t-iiU tut lottier nrtr of raiao. ithin our hall, our nam e iw brhold, Trai--d o'it in mas-;i- dviraftfM of g,wl, F:t ti Vi, in omtly wurk o !. And chairs on pivot", ornament Hip plaiNi; Our t.r of txM'tt, 1 al.-o fiailly IaU, In now itiPreain at a raytd rat" ; Ix: h rw are (r whii h w m .y wifrty fr'rt, And loid.lt ii )( hoHK wbifh i ttrth may roIU. Ah, here h youth, all rit: fr futun- ysra, T" hrar- liV ntoroi-. ri'irar(IIK." f it tfttrs ; As .-ilishcl arrows frnni thf full N-iit ht.w, llmh shall lh-y iwtr. and plilt.-r a they go, Fr no Fti-p;au wnul 1 :Uim at will An honon-d riatiou. that he rtuitd not fill; H or ask for f.u. like him nf n-.Rst-d s-nsef Vhow it.,rts wit o-tMo hi lfti- ni-, V h'-m rtn, al-n, ha tationil iu thii van A i uIHuc huml ii-, f.-r a rI man; Ah n-i! 'tis n-A n itui.h a, and f If will wait, Ttil lindf-w il' nt rankn him with tht prat. A pik firt utriKes wlit-re winifr htoiifii r laid, S j-twr mut Fjrinir, fr-ui !tui:tU IfiritiiiMi uiude. Faint nvn- ourrff rt-. h-n uum-m-d ly youth, In i-ur tirft !' w- trxri o-uid ttc tin- trulli, Y.-t, a1 th windi that fr-m tin .-phr cpriukf, Incrt-a m "itT, arid U-inrtlVn .tut th- wing, Jiw!! t.. th storm, and wi'ti n.-iJt bliiSt L'n-hiMtU thnr thund-r. anl lit ir liclituiDgs cat, duib- ."wrs oi riir-' Ku;i:is rrr-tw, Sal.- h.nv-t at--, and hiiJt. thrartb brlow. Th wt-ri'l baJJ firfif. th.t hari a nam to lire, That always ak, hut n-v.r d-iirn to ten; Tlu-v iir think th:it hr who win mn-l fight, Toil hnr l hy "1 Vv n,l l1"'' I"tm at n:t(ht ; Hut flunk Hint eirth alone rfeiuarxlft a T'aft tt him iiom t"i has (i-thi-d to hf mirt; Thtr-M hare none; -ath in lui p!ar i tnutid, And th it crc.tt wh-l f rnterpriw gfv rouud. To-day it mov-'s and I-1 it still inotp on, Tiil laurfl wreath aihl holy crowns ar won : Till frmn lik.- h.ills, id frutn th (Wan' shore, The world aH tsr-ft an ofit(.r uno m.re. 1 i.'-n if a thi"-f, to whom the pnwr i LM-n, T- thrash 1W1 s urates, ami ravage nil hut ht-aren; h-, eTtr warring in if-tori''U strif-, In eTr ott-alinic fracuientu of our hfj. Ati. vl old Tim-, that took th propheta hence, fMll'cfts hi fiTln at tr world- expeno; Hithin hit hand the awful tritlent clows That rru-hes hopts with iinpxp'd Muwr; Thrive, like tin- stnn, wlirn faithful "ti'e8 aiood K-Qi-nth the flerr, sm'ins mount "f Uo-1, llai this, our club, by licit ob I urate hand. j:e. n ru lely (tit, and scattL-nd o'er the laud, lint mark, as f tney. o'er a Ta.it etpans) f we.-t.Tn worl-1. tt:rrif, cn:ne willi a clsnc), 'MM-t rattling hammern, and th dm of art. It p,mfn tin-re to greet a kindied heart; Ttn-rc. )y the twinklimr t the midnight oil, OiT nbstrtife theories the voune may toil, Ta-ie. swiltly WMktnf fnin obhrfourt night A 11 hall, a e.ttlrtn, s urt e - f holy lii;ht. Perppui'lest s'ntry lah-riHl here to lind 1 he part component of a mighty ntlnd. U-t fri-a r n; he hohj- a a''r-. trut ; Let other.- t ii till rlaim-t I" mother dust Ai Xi'iii's watelimau, or in State af;r. Wield p.-m pewer, or thunder at th bar: bene ure our broUiers. dri)hl and tutor Thero, To shine as aev'nvntn in a brighter wpVre. Mark fney now, an harnewd wiih Die mn, IlKif round the cloe. with lihtninp nped hath ran, hen lol a fouttall from lt owti bright stranl 1 beard to echo in a foreign land : i', i-iKf-ieed of gems from Wisdom ' rh"'icrnt fltor, A H.' K9i a nrrapes the eastern world for nlora. O ni y we ail thuiearnetUly he brought To a-ek the a-me. of unfettered th'juuht. Ilearen hbM Kuepians in heart andntorsi Till si j: Us haTeoaased, aud wants are wants tioiwnre- KlfcllAN. PoliUcal Influence of Aliens. Our largo cities are crowdoJ with a large foreign bora vote. New York, Bos ton, rhilailt'lpbia, Cincinnati, Baltimore-, ?t. Louis, New Orleans, anl oilier large cities, of;cn decide the political contests io the several States iu which tbey are loca tedoften hold the balance of political power. In almost all of these large towns this foreign vote, banded togethcr,controIh the muuicipal suffrage. Therefore, in all closely contested elections, f reign born voters not only exert a powerful nnd im portant influence on tlie local result?, but also on State elections. The following sta tistics will serve to illustrate these remarks: Natives. Foreisnerj. Baltimore, (hicaso, Cincinnati, Net Orleans, N'.-w York, Albany, Detroit, Miltratikic, Louisville, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Newark, Ji. J. 130.481 P.918 I3.fi!)3 50,470 277,75'J 3!.lfi2 11. OS 5 7,11 25,07!) 2H6.316 35.6S9 26 .SOI 35,4 SS 46,tifi7 15.033 S4.54 1 4S,(101 235,733 16.591 3,927 12,782 12,401 121.099 3S.397 12,322 8,088 Mobile, The Detroit Atlvrrtirrt on this subject, remarks, tliat no one who considers the matter for an instant can fail to sec the political power which is in tho hands of aliens in the United States. Were they scattered throughout the land in country towns, they would bo shorn of their influ ence ; but, by collecting together in large cities, arid moving as en cnit, they wield a power that is mighty, and which may, if unchecked, elect in tho future, as it has done in the past, Presidents nnd Gover nors. Are the fears, then, which are en tertained, respecting foreign influence, groundless ? No ; on the contrary, there is the strongest foundation for them. Ali ens have taught Americans a good lesson. If immigrants already in the country band together as one body, and by concentrat ing together in large cities, control toe votes of States, it is certaiuly time to check the growing evil beforo it gets beyond our control. Tho movement is on foot, and has gained a strong' foothold, which will wrest the political power of the country from the hands of foreign-born ertixcns. Ame ricans will rulo America. Fhilad. Sun. Gen. Houston, is something of a wag as Well a a 5exican fighter. In speaking of the chaotic state of political parties on a recent occasion, be remarked that the whigs were like sheep without the shep herd, and the democrats like a eVp herd without shwp fcurislmrfl, Union (Honntn, Kewp your Childrenemloyed. Idleness and want of some regular em ployment, often pave tie way to the gates of her whose guosta are ia the depths of perdition. The idle are ge nerally disso lute. It is an bid maxim, as true as it isH old, and not all too simple aud undignified for those who would Le too wise to Lear, that "PrUii find. Rome tnisfh'f rtill, Fur idle bands to do." Parents can iu no way bo easily and in fallibly rear their Bons to be profligates, and inmates of brothels and proficients id all kinds of vice, as by teaching them not to work, and permitting tbeiu to com mand their own time. Let the parent but regard labor as dishonorable; let him teach his son that gentility consists of leisure and amusement ; let him furnish Lini no absorbing business for cither bend oi hands ; let him choose his own compani ons, and spend his time without question where he pleases : let him pass his even ings away from the parental fireside, and especially let him Lave a supply of money to demonstrate his respectability and dis play bis generosity, and command the va rious sensual indulgence that solicit his scnscs,and with almost infallible certainty such a course will securo the prostitution of his virtue, and send Lira forth a beggar of all respect, and all peace, and all hopes, into the miduight darkness of eternity. The California Condor. The high mountains of California arc frequented by a species of condor, which, although somewhat inferior in izc to the condor of the Andes, is probably the larg. est bird to be found within the confinra of the Golden State. A full grown Califor nia condor measures upward of thirteen feet from tip to the tip of its wings, and when in its favorite element, the air, is as graceful and majestic as any bird in the world. They tnnke their homes upon the edges of lofty rocks, or in the old deserted nests of bawns and eagles, npon tho tipper branches of lofty tres. Their eggs are each about twelve ounces in weight, and are said to be excellent eating. The barrels of the Jwing feathers of the condor are ! about four inches long and three-eights ofj an inch in diameter, and arc ised by the inhabitants of Northern Mexico to keep gold dust in. The Nebraska Legislature, which ad journed on the ICth ultimo, enacted a general system of laws chiefly borrowed from Iowa ; provided for an efficient orga nization of counties ; passed a good school law providing for free schools for all ; pas sed a stringent prohibitory liquor law ; chartered three universities ; incorporated a medical society, and provided for taking a new census the ensuing fall, by the mar shal, from which a new apportionment of representatives is to be made by tho Go vernor. TIIK FAItM : The Ourdrn Tlie Ortharal. Written for the Lewiaburg Chronicle. How to make the Gardsn Patch profitable. This can hardly be done, to the fullest extent, at once. Taking ground of the quality which wo ordinarily find, it will take some time, mt?re than & ycaf, to bring it into the condition most desirable for the purposes of gardening. But with the principles clearly in mind, on which success depends, wc may do something towards it at once, and bo continually bringing our practice towards perfection. These principles must be obvious on a little reflection. Tho garden is a veritable manufactory. The materials therefore, out of which veg etables aro made, m ust be furnished it. Plants do not come of course, even though their seeds be put into the ground, as every body knows. The Great Creator himself does not here "mako something out of nothing" but it may not have been equally considered by all that the most perfectly barren saud or pounded rock, may have such additions made to it as to render it capable of sustaining an abendant vegetable growth. The plants which we wish to bring for ward in our gardens must havo the cle menU supplied out of which they are to be built up in such abundance and ia such position as they severally require. These elements are contained, partly in the ground iuelf, and partly in the air we breathe, from which they are washed out and carried down to the roots of plac(s. But to make those more useful plants which we cultivate flourish luxuriantly,we can not in onr climate and soil, depend on the slowly elaborated nourishment thus derived, by which the vegetable kingdom Las gradually been stocked. We are offered mostly from the results of former vegcta tion, such profusion of material, in a sol Able stato, that onr plants may not even have to look around, so to speak, fof food, but only to take it and grow and come to maturity, within the few thort weeks or month, which tbey Lave for perfecting a crop. Hence the necessity for abundant loatrufing. But not dung merely, what ever can enter into tho composition of a plant is manure. And whatever Las re sulted direetly or indirectly from vegeta m mj ejn'ribute it ?nin Thns CHROf pennsnloanio. our soil is rich, if at all, from tho effects of former growth. All decaying veg!a- blcs, all that is made from the consuinp- tion of vegetables, or flesh, blood, bone, hair, skin, feather?, ie., all animal excre- ments, are the material of new plants,and if carefully husbanded to this end, our land instead of becoming impoverished, would be continually growing more fur tile. Let any family save t'ao waste of what flesh, grain and vegetables tbey con sume and thry have the m Meruit fur grow inn at murh more. Different plants require, indeed, different kiuds of manure, a truth into the particulars of which we can not now enter, only remarking that if we give all that which is good lor the best, we can not make any serious mistake. But this manure must not only be in the ground, it must be in the piece rhere : ing the land as with it, and therefore, why the plant wants it. This is not near tho j should such a practice be longer tolerated surface, but mainly at a considerable by American farmers. The Chinese, who depth. Many of our vegetables we culti-1 are noted fur the superiority of their Agri vate entirely for the root, which ohviously J culture, have not found it difficult to keep ought to Lave a chance to become long I up the fertility of their soil by annually and large, as it can not unless the ground ! growing heavy crops, without giving it any is mellow. Some go deeper than ethers, rest. In the best cultivated portions of but there are none, perhaps which do not i England farms and even whole parishes naturally go below the depth to which we ! are in great abundance in which the yield are in the habit of digging. And when of wheat, extending over a long period of the roots are encouraged to descend for j years has equalled forty bushels per acre, the manure, they reach a region of perpet- j and during the whole course of cropping a ual moisture which renders them indepen-' naked fallow has not been made. Indeed, dent of the drought of our hot summers 1 the enlightened and scientific portion of a point of no slight importance. Thus ' market gardeners find it necessary to ; loosen their ground two or three spits deep, and fill it with manure, to make it produce in the manner described by Cob bet in our extract last week. On these two points, deep digging and heavy ma or three spits ; nuring, their results as compared with those of ordinary agriculture, maiuly dc- pend. We seo it stated in a late number : cure this objcet.and at the same time Kccp of the London Quarterly llcvicw, that the j ing in ruiud the climate, the soil, high gardeners about "the Wen" carry Lack a ' price of labor, scarcity of capital tc be em load of manure from the city for every 1 ployed in agriculture as compared with one of vceetables which thev brinj: in.and j Great Britain and some portions of the that they apply this nianurr, (meaning we suppose, a one horse cart load to every 30 square feet of ground,') le;-), JU 36?, lhan six feet square. Of the practicability of raising several crops siinultzneously, as mentioned by Cobbit. we must speak egain. For tho present wo only ask our readers to try once laud well pulverized and manured j of our very best farmers, with whom on to the depth of two feet, and gee if it does i many tt'aer points of husbandry we pcr not exceed iu produce six rods dug sis j foct!y agree,acd the contributions of whose inches deep. Bastard Fallows. The system of making summer fallows, by allowing land to lay a whole year in a naked and unproductive state, for the pur pose of preparing it for autumn wheat, is extensively practiced in all the wheat grow ing districts of the United States. The process of making naked fallows, when tbe loss of a whole year's rent of laud cr in terest on the value thereof is taken into account, under the most favornblc circum- stances is expensive, and may in most ca- . 1, .lism.i.sed with, without in the most triflino. d..,rree detracting from the annual productiveness of the soil. If this propo- sition can be sustained in practUc, by the entire mass of the wheat growers of our .i .1.. . !.,,i couuirj, lueu luajr mo u.t.-vyu.,. i nns nf h urone have connuence in oeitip . .. : ... able at all times to get a supply of bread- stuffs from America, Naked fallow", are expensive and useless, and that a much more profitable system of m:.nnrrina land fop wheat can be adonted. nr nrir.i'nn birh nrn ra:ninr pround. c and are believed by many of the most cn- i: l. i e .i.: nnnr Ti. great bulk of the farmers, however, Lave not given the subject much consideration, nor do they yet understand the Lest and cheapest method of keeping up the fertil ity of their soil, anil at the sime time in creasing iu annual products without sub jecting their land, in periods of four or five years, and in some instances much more frequently, to the old fashioned and extravagant practice of summer fallows. With a view of promoting the interests of agriculture, an attempt will be made by the writer, to minutely discuss the subject In all iU bearings, during the succeeding six or eight numbers of the Farmer. The ordinary practice of taaking fal lows cost at least eight dollars per acre ; in this calculation is included the rent of land a twelve month, and the plowing and harrowing required to bring tho laud into a clean state of culture. The expense of manuring, draining, laying the ground in to ridges, and seed, ic, would be tbe same in ono case as the other, and therefore on the score cf expenditure or economy need not be included in the calculation. Iu the term bastard fallows may be included the various modes of preparing land for fall wheat by which tho loss of a whole sum mer or crop is not required to effect that object. It Las already been shown that if land be strmmer fallowed, a direct charge of about eight dollars per acre must be put against the wheat crop, and as will be pre sently proved to tho satisfaction of every reflective mind, without affordi&g an equi valent return for such a extravagant out lay. The system proposed to be practiced will be based upon the soundest principles' of economy, nor will it require a large ca pital to carry if oot throughout tb rafl- TWELFTH YEAR $1.50 per Year, j ous ramifications of.a well managed arable j farm. One of the most important features j of the system is this : the greea or other I crop grown upon the land with a view of preparing it for fall wheat will be of such a d(.scr:ption,nl grown npon such a scale, ! that in most cases tae proceeds thereof will pay the rent of land and the entire expense of managing both the summer and winter crops thus leaving the latter clear profit to the cultivator. The average yield of alitat, extending over a period of ten or fifteen years,on the best managed wheat j farms in this country docs not exceed thirty bushels per acre. Now, it is quite certain that even when this bigh average is ob tained by superior cultivation an4 by the aid of naked fallows, quite as groat a yield of wheat nay had without summer fallow- the farmers of Great Britain have long i , ... since exploded the gem.-barbarous prw-; tice of makiu! naked tallows, ana tacrc appears to be no valid reasons, why a si milar view of this important question should not be favorably received by the wheat growing farmers of America. To enlighten public opiuion regarding the va- rious systems of cultivation adapted to se- continent of Europe, and ctber prominent features that have an influence to a greater ; and probably disease. The disease pro or less decree Upon the character of Arae-1 dueed from the f..reg"ing peculiar State of rican Agriculture, re the real grounds that have induced the writer to take a bold stand in discussing this somewhat intricate rubject, which in many of its features will bo found opposed to the practice of many pens we shall be pleased to receive, on this or other subjects, whether their opi nions and practice correspond with ours or not. Without further prefatory remarks, we shall briefly at this time take up the subject in a tangible point of view, and in our nevt risumc it in several of its prao rfcal bearings. INDIAN CORN. The maize plant may be profitably cul tivated in nearly every portion of this great Republic. In the most northern sections, , where it is grown as a preparative crop lor I fall wheat, an early variety should be se- ... . c i lected, and by liberally manuring the land, j and clean culture, it may be pushed for- ward to full maturity by the first week iu September, after which it should be cut ; nn and drawn oil. and the land rloweanu , -i - 1 f. j.t,.. T!,. ..Uiilliir. tho ' f"- "t ijl j t 0 bills of corn in rows about four feet apart both ways, and by passing me sieei wmu cultivator twice iu each direction between those rows, the land will be in as good a ' condition for fa.l wheat as it it tad been ! summer fallowed. Besides, tho manure , . .. t i r .1 :t! ' applied to tt.e lano. lor me coru crop m ' have cassed through its various stages of fermentation, and the juices Lavicg been partially absorbed or citra-tcd in giving strength and vigor to the maize plant!, there is but little apprehension on the score cf having a fallen or rusted crop, as would probably have been the case had the manure been applied to the land whilst being summer fallowed. This iufljence however operates only on soils where there is a great depth of decayed vegetable mat ter on the surface, and where a strong and luxuriant growth of straw is produced without extraordinary means being used to secure that result. There are but few soils on which unfermented barn-yard ma nure can be applied immediately before the sowing of wheat, without doing more or less injury to that crop. On soils where this is not the case, it will be found that human or vegetable mold forms a very small proportion of their ingredients, and doubtless on soils of this kind, cru Jo and unferniented barnyard manure may be applied without producing the foregoing results. In those cases where vegetable deposits form a small proportion of the a live soil, unferi.jented barn yard manure, buried in the soil to a depth of six or nine inches with the plow, will aid materially in bringing into action soeh inert proper ties as Will promote a vigorous growth of plants and vegetables. Manure thus ap plied Las a powerful mechanical action on siils, and the beneficial or prejudicial in Caence produced, may be attributed as much to this agency as to that of afford ing a direct supply of food for their sus- tenatree. Tbe mechanical action of manures on Is, of course grMtly depend npon tW I" 0 IE 6 WHOLE KU-MBEE, 57C. always in Advance. tbey are intended to act. Tbi. fact should be duly considered in connection with th manuring of the land for the wheat crop1. The wheat plant is dtcidei'y the isosl precarious to cultivate, of the cereal plaottt, aud hence a greater degree of judgment should be employed by those who engage extensively in its cultivation. In northern, Europe, the heat cf summer is less severe) than in the same degree of latitude on this continent, and conseq lently a much Ioog t period is given the wheat crop to mature and ripen, and hence the Crease known, among us by theapel'ationof nut'a scarce ly known in the best wheat growing dis tricts of Europe. It is well kctiwn by all wheat growers, that cool dry weather dur ing the month of July, and up to the pe riod of whc.it harvest or from the time that the wheat plants come into eir, uo'.il they arrive to full maturity Is moat fa vorable for an abundant harvest of wheat Such weather has to:' the opposite influ ence with Indian Corn and most of tha other cereal plants. The eau:e of this somewhat strange phenomenon, may be tolerably correctly reconciled by eianr.n ing the peculiar habits and constitution of the wheat plant. A minute enquiry into) this matter, will probdb'.y be made in dis cussing another branch of this subject and in the mean time the fact should be remembered, that the plants of wheat have strong roots, which strike to a great depth into the ground, and send forth an abun- l uuntsuppiyoi iooa mrougu ine lap vesseaj wuicu ihjjm timer a ueauuy or aicaij growth, just ic ratio with iu Quality and adaptation for this class of plants. Warm humid weather is the most favor able for a vigorous growth, just in ratiii with its quality and adaptation for thia class of plants. Warm humid weather ia the most favorable fr a vigorous growth of plants, and vegetables when weathef of this kind prevails to a considerable ex tent, between the periods that the wheat crop conies into ear and ripens, the conse quence will be a strong growth of strawj the atmosphere would be either mildew or rust. The latter, by far tbe most preva lent cn this continent, is mainly engend ered by too great a flow of juices or food through the sap vessels of the wheat plants. The cuter covering of the straw being of very weak structure, when tho sap vessel become overcharged with food, rupture aud premature decay immediately follows. The State of the atmosphere and climato doubtless has much to do in effecting thii work,but tbe soil also has a great iufluenscj in preventing or promoting thi3 disease. It is for tliis reason that Indian Corn may be profitably grown as a preparative crop for eithbr fall or spring wheat The manure applied to the soil for th com crop, will have undergone a thorough state of fermentation during the process oi cultivation, and as the maize plant requi res a different quality of food io briug it forward to maturity than is required by j the wheat platt, tbe latter will be more- apt to be free from disease, if sown afier a j well calculated crop of Indian Corn, than j it the land Eat Deen summer u.ioweu : nurooseiv lor mat crop. Aciover or ti - mothy sod well plowed, and liberally ma nured, is the best possible state that th soil can be in for Indian Corn. If tba hills be planted in rows four feet apart both ways, there will be no difficulty ia cultivating this crop entirely with thi horse cultivator, and shovel plow. By tho '. r .t .!. I iree use oi u. ... pHw ... may be made as clean as if it bad been summer fallowed, and besides the profit of the corn erop will pay the who'.o expense incurred in the cultivation and manag mcnt of the wheat crop. An acre of Indian Com mauaged in tba ir.anner proposed, will yield in an average of cases upwards of 40 bushels of market able grain per acre. This at the lowest calculation is rorth 0 cents per bushel, as an article of export, which, in addition, to the corn stalk f r winter provender for horned cattle, would give a rlet profit of twelve dollars per acre. When it ia in tended to sow wheat after corn, the latter crop should in all cases be harvested ani drawn off the ground, a short time befora the crop is thoroughly rip, by which means more time will be given to prepare the land for the wheat crop, and the fod der will also ba much mire valuable than if allowed to get dead ripe before Ljin Larvested. When the proper soason ar rives for the practical operation on the farm,suited for tbe cultivation of the maiiei plant, full directions will be given, for the proper performauco of the business id all iU details. In our next issue, the cultivation of the) clover plant as a preparative erop for fall rhetrt will probably receive attention! at our bands. Genesee Farmer. Early Veoftables at the Sotnif. The Charleston Courier of Monday last, gaya : We saw on Saturday, on efia gent leman's farm, over fifty bushels of floe1 peas that will ba ready to be picked ia ' day or two. Tlioso swindling nd demoralising eon-' trivance. Ud lotteries; are near
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