LONG HOLY PLACES Shrines That Are Held in Vener ation by Moslems. All True Followers of Mahomet Eager That Their Last Resting Place Shall Be Near Those of Their Great Apostles. Near to the resting place of the first great apostles of their faith It is the dearest wish of all pious Moham medans to lie after death. The shrines of Najaf, Kerbela and Kazimain, the resting places of All, Hussein, and the seventh and ninth Imams, lie on the edge of the desert In the country British troops now oc cupy in Mesopotamia. One often meets a corpse on the road packed In a long crate or bundle of palm leaves and slung across the back of an ass, says Edmund Chand ler, the press representative in the Mesopotamian forces. The pilgrim be hind is taking his relative to swell the population of the cities of the dead by which these sanctuaries are sur rounded. Of the three shrines, Najaf is the richest, and to some minds the most sacred. Like Kazimain, it is ap proached by a horse car line. The cars are not of the pattern of those that ply In European cities. I believe the few British soldiers who have seen them rank them with the Clock tower In the mosque as first among the lions of Mesopotamia. In peace time the dead come from a wide radius. The donkey with the bundle like a big carpet bag on its Lack, draped in wattle or rich silk, according to the means of the pilgrim, may have come all the way from Bok hara. A few years ago a corpse ar rived from the Persian embassy at Paris. The rich as a rule are buried in zhe shrine itself. The fee for inter ment in the mosque is $250. For burial outside the walls of the city the pilgrim pays anything from four to ten rupee (two to five dollars), ac cording to the distance he lias come. Many pilgrims buy houses in Na jaf, and thus the place is gradually becoming a city of the dead. Nine houses out of ten have graves in them. Sometimes the building is nothing else than a tomb. Najaf has proved impregnable to Wahhabi and Bedouin. It is believed to be fabulously rich. There are two stores of treasure. The old treasury has not been opened since the visit of Shar Nasir-ud-Din, 50 years ago. It Is buried in a vault and built over with brick and lime, with no door or key or window by way of entrance. The new treasure is in the keeping of the kilid dar —gold and silver, and jewels, and precious stones, silks, and shawls, and pearled curtains. One of the first gifts for the shrines to reach Bagdad after our troops en tered the city were four curved swords of gold, with diamonds on the sheath and hilt. They had been dis patched from Constantinople to Bag« dad when the British menace was re garded as a madman's dream, and bore the inscription, "From the servant of all pious Moslems, Enver Bey." No doubt they were intended to symbolize the might whereby the Turks would defend the city against their hated foes, the Christians. Runs Her Own Canteen. Mrs. Scott Lee, an aged negro wom an, Is happy because she has found a j way at last to cheer the soldiers on their way as they pass through Here en route from camp to coast for overseas service, according to an Ashtabula dis*. patch to the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Mrs. Lee, who lives near a railroad track, looked wistfully at the troop trains as they sped through, wondering If there was any way in which she could make a long trip more pleasant for the men. But the trains went through so fast she almost despaired until she finally hit upon a scheme that works to perfection. She got a long pole, and to it she fastens bundles of magazines and lunches, and as the trains wliiz past' she stands on the station platform and reaches her gifts to the men as they lean from tlie car windows. — Carrier Pigeon Mystery. The authorities of Albany, Ore., and everywhere else are trying to decipher this message: "P-n-7-3-a-r-11-w." It was written on a piece of note paper brought here by a strange car rier pigeon, which died very soon after It was found on the street. The bird was identified as a species of California desert quail, not found in any part of Oregon save possibly in the southeastern portion. The bird refused food and water and was ex hausted. A piece of string which bound the znessage to the bird's leg was olive drab In color and might have been un raveled from an army uniform. The Indian's Idea. John Ratt, a full-blood Cherokee In dian of Cherokee county, Okla., being drawn in the draft of selected men, was sent to Camp Travis. Tex., for training. After he had been in camp for several days, he was haled before the adjutant for failing to salute an of ficer, and gave the following explana tion for his default: "Me live at Welling. When me meet man there maybeso speak to him one time. No speak any more to same man all day. Down here me salute it ever? time i.v <uua it *••• • - THIS TELLS HOW TO i FIGURE INCOME TAX Squarely Up to Every individual: to Get Busy by March 15 or Suffer Penalty. "Don't wait until the final due date, March 15th, for paying your Income Tax and making your return. Avoid the last minute rush. Any person can figure out his liability today as well as he can next week, and If there is any point on which he needs advice he can now get in touch with a Revenue man." This word of advice is being given out by Internal Revenue men. Re turns and payments are being col lected in Pennsylvania by the follow ing Collectors of Internal Revenue: Ephraim Lederer, Benjamin F. Da vis, Fred C. Kirkendall and C. Gregg Lewellyn. Every aid of their offices and field forces is being given freely to the public. But the Income Tax men will not pull your door-bell or your coat-tails, according to the Collector's announce ment. It is squarely up to every indi vidual to figure out his own case and to get busy if he comes within the scope of the new Revenue law. Did You Earn This Much? Every unmarried person who recelv- . ed income averaging $19.25 a week j during 1918 and every married couple who jointly received income averaging $38.50 a week should secure at once from the nearest Deputy Collector or the nearest bank a blank Form 1040 A. That form contains the information he will need to enable him to figure his correct net income and any tax that he owes the Government. The law requires that every unmar ried person who had a net income of 81,000 or over and every married per son whose net income was $2,000 or over (including the Income of husband or wife, and the earnings of minor children, if any) must make a return on or before March 15th. And this re quirement does not hinge on whether the person owes a tax. Taxable Income. An Individual must include under gross income all gains, profits and in come derived from salaries, wages, or compensation for personal service of whatever kind and in whatever form paid, or from professions, vocations, business, sales or dealings in property of all kinds, interest, rent, dividends, or profits derived from any source whatever. Very few items of income are exempt. Deductions include ordinary and nec essary business expenses, interest paid I or accrued on indebtedness, taxes of j all kinds except Federal income and excess profits taxes and assessments for iocal benefits, losses actually sus tained, debts ascertained to be worth less, and depreciation on buildings, ma chinery, fixtures, etc., used in business. A further deduction is allowed for con tributions to corporations operated for religious, charitable, scientific or edu cational purposes or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals to an amount not exceeding 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income as computed without the benefit of the contribution deduction. The taxpayer is not allowed to de duct any personal, living or family ex pense, any amount spent for improving property, or any expense of restoring i property or making good its exhaus tion for which an allowance is claimed under depreciation. Figuring the Tax. Before figuring the normal tax the dividends are deducted as credits from net income, together with the personal exemption. As in previous years, divi dends of domestic corporations are ex empt from normal tax when received by the stockholder. The normal tax rates for citizens and residents are as follows: On the first $4,000 of net income in excess of the credits the rate is 6 per cent; on | any further taxable income the rate is 12 per cent. The surtax rates apply to net in come of each individual in excess of $5,000. The personal exemption and the dividends are not deductible before computing surtax. In the case of re- , turns by husband and wife, the net incoiii. tu each is considered separate ly In computing any surtax that may be due. Form 1040 should be used for making returns of net income exceed ing $5,000, and the instructions on that form will show how to figure the sur tax. Business House Returns. Employers and others who paid wages, salaries, rents, interest or sim ilar determinable gains in an amount of $l,OOO or over during 1918 to any person must file an information return with the Government. Blanks may be secured from the Collector. Every partnership must file a return showing its income and deductions and the name and address of each partner, with his share of the profits or losses during the past year. Personal service corporations will tile similar informa tion for 191 S. ★★★*★★★*★★★******* ★ * ★ INCOME TAX PAYS ★ ★ FOR PUBLIC BENEFITS. ★ ★ * ★ "Viewed in its largest and ★ ★ truest sense, the payment of ★ ★ taxes Is payment for benefits ★ ★ received or expected. Only from ★ ★ a narrow and essentially selfish ★ ★ and shortsighted viewpoint can * ★ the individual propose to him- ★ ★ self the evasion of tax liability ★ ★ as a desirable course of action." ★ ★ —Daniel C. Roper, Commission- * ★ er of Internal Revenue. * ★ * j Bfe'S will last much ? BJJfev longer than the original. !| Have them taken j PyH| at the j OEM STUDIO | | 730' Phila. Street, - - Indiana, Pa. j 1 1 Opposite Moore Hotel j Advice for Singers. Sims Reeves, the famous English tenor, is quoted as saying: "A singer who does not recite or read the verses of a song aloud before at tempting the music will never become a great artist." The young singer should memorize a text, should repeat it over and over aloud, testing the matter of emphasis or stress upon each word to determine just where it should be and the proper amount to give the best interpretation to the thought. The Singing Mouse. The singing mouse is not a distinct species. According to descriptions of the common house mouse. "Mus mus culus." Mnd of the American wood mouse. "Hesperomys leucopus," they have been known to acquire the trick or habit of warbling a few notes in a high key and with a shrill wiry tim bre. vocalizing in a manner that might be called singing. \ Appropriate Look. Robert had lost his little pet dog and felt bad about it. His father told him poor little Fido must be dead or he would return home. His mother sent him on an errand, when he met a wom an friend of his mother's who asked him if he was ill, as he had little to say. "Oh. no," he said, "but my little dog is dead and I am wearing a black look." Fats in the Body. Fats in the body occur under the skin in the muscles and around certain organs. They act as a protection for the body against 'njury and serve as a stored supply of fuel, in case food can not be taken. Fats are liquid in the body and are stored in albuminous cells. The Candle in History. The cult of the candle plays a large role In Roman. Jewish and Eastern ecclesiastical history; and many are the customs that have tl:eir birth in some magical or ritualistic use to which the candle has been put. In some parts of Ireland, for instance, it was usual on Christmas eve to burn a large candle which no one was per mitted to snUff except those who bore the name of Mary. Be Slow to Condemn. Why condemn an individual or in stitution before you hear both sides! Does a jury convict or a judge sen tence a prisoner L.efore the evidence is heard? | Ycu Shouted - - Fay! I;—®Jf i rfL i n< * j Wc are behind Lest we forget Sleep and the Brain. It used to be thought that sleep hap pened because the circulation of blood through the brain grew so feeble that this, the sent of consciousness, could work no longer and sleep took place. Many years ago a surgeon study ing the subject watched the failing cir culation of the brnln through a hole in the skull of a sleeping animal. Yet this is only effect, not cause. The brain has less blood because it sleeps; it does not sleep because it has le»» blood. Cleaning Wallpaper. To clean and polish wallpaper, add two tablespoonfuls of ammonia to half a pailful of water, and wash the walls down with a flannel dipped in this. Take half a pailful of water and add two tablespoonfuls of turpentine. Wash the walls a second time with this and wipe as dry as possible. Early American Statesman. Alexander Hamilton, one of our greatest statesmen, was sometimes called "Alexander the Coppersmith," because of the copper cents he had made in 1793. when he was secretary of the treasury. These pennies were very unpopular with the people. He was killed in a duel by Aaron Burr. Rusty Steel. To clean rusty steel, well oil the rusty parts and set aside in this state for two or three days. Then wipe dry with clean rags and polish with emery or pumice stone. When very rusty and a high polish is desired rub the article with a little slack lime. Britisher Has Odd Motor. An English engineer has developed a novel form of rotary motor having four cylinders that operate inside the blades of the propeller. The propeller blades are made of inetal and the ex haust issues from the ends of the blades. Salute to the Flag. The salute to the flag is given by raising the right hand, palm outward until the index finger is even with the lower edge of the forehead, and stand ing at attention. Psychologically Tested. Psychological tests are being used by the United States employment serv ice in New York to aid in determining the work for which applicants are best fitted. Express and Implied Powers of Congress as Interpreted by the U. S. Supreme Court " The express powers of congress are those which are expressly granted by ! the Constitution of the United States and tjie implied powers are whatever ! is nemissary, under the Constitution, to give force and effect to its express powers. In determining what acts are necessary and proper in the exercise of expressly enumerated powers an In- I terpretatiori has been applied by the ! supreme court Itself. Chief Justice Marshall, in an early decision, said: "Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the Constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited but consist with the letter and spirit of the Con stitution are constitutional." Thus the supreme court held that under the taxing and borrowing power congress may charter a federal bank and ex empt its notes from state taxation; or create a system of national banks and levy a prohibitive tax upon the issues of state banks; or issue paper money and make it a legal tender for all debts. Similarly, the power given con gress to regulate commerce has been held to authorize legislation concern ing navigation, pilotage, the transpor tation of goods and passengers be tween the states of the union, the re , stricting or prohibiting of foreign im migration, etc. Thus almost every constitutional grant of express power to congress has been held to carry with it an implied grant of necessary 1 powers to give effect to the express grant. Monster Vessel Had to Be .Turned on Its Side to Pass Through the Welland Canal That ships were cut in two in oraer to get them out of the Great Lakes and into transatlantic service when the war put its tremendous demand on American shipping Is commonly ; known ; but the expedient adopted to get the giant Charles R. Van Ilise through the Welland canal attracted little attention. This vessel was of too wide a beam to pass through the Wel land canal. It was floated through by turning it on its side. The Charles It. Van Hise is a 9,000,- ton freighter, twice as large as any of the other vessels taken from the | Great Lakes. The locks of the Wel land canal are 260 feet long and 44 feet wide. Besides cutting the Van- Hise in two, it was necessary to turn her on her side, and then she had only eight inches of clearance. This plan for handling large ships on the lakes was devised by F. A. Eustis and car ried out by the shipping board en gineers. Six pontoon tanks were placed on the forward section of the Van Hise. The tanks, when filled, held about 500 tons of water. The pumps were put to work, filling the tanks, steam being furnished iby the tugs. It required about five ; hours to fill the tanks, when the bow section of the vessel had rolled over ! perfectly on its side. The forward section was towed from Buffalo to Port Colborne, Canada, the entrance to the Welland canal. She was then towed Into the first lock and the gates were closed, which re vealed the project was a success. Telephone Girls Must Have the Foundation of Singing Voice, Music Teacher Says Has the telephone girl the sweetest singing voice? Judging from inquiries i among well-known singing masters, the opinion seems to be that the telephone, in regard to voice produc | tion and development, is of great I value. "One has only to compare the sing ing of years ago," one of these teach ers said, "with that of the present day to realize this. There may have been much music in the singing of the past, but there was certainly little clearness. People did not realize the value of each word, and the care that should be taken to enunciate each syl lable." Nowadays, when the telephone is one of the pivots of our daily life, the necessity to speak clearly and dis tinctly is obvious. "The telephone girl, who is at her instrument all day, most certainly possesses the founda tion of a good singing voice," said one master, "and probably there are many Melhas and Calves among them." Cleaning Bottles. Small brass shavings found at any machine shop where brass is used. After using with suds, pour water and all into small cloth bag, sugar, salt or tobacco bag, hang up, let dry; they never rust, are always ready, won't 1 scratch, as brass is softer than glass, yet sharp and pointed enough to clean all corners. i li i| SHORT AND SNAPPY ~~~"* Some wives are so averse to mending that they won't even try to patch up quarrels. The man who lives for him self alone Is apt to be neglected by the world at large. Yes, Elizabeth, it rains on the rich and poor alike if they are unable to swipe an umbrella. Love may be blind, but the girl's father and the dog sel dom require the services of an oculist. Africans Always Eager to Don Discarded Finery Cast Off by Notables of London There is a clothes dealer in Lon don who for a long time has made It his specialty to purchase showy cos tumes and discarded uniforms for dis posal in the Orient and Africa. It is said that even the retiring lord mayors of London have become this dealer's customers, and that the cocked hat. gotd laced coat and knee breeches that have formed an inspir ing feature of the lord mayor's pro cessions are. as like as not. the next year to delight the eyes of darkest Africa upon the proud person of some native. Amusing comments have been made by this dealer with reference to the eagerness with which the native in the interior of Africa takes over this discarded finery. He says that at the bazaars where his goods are pur* chased he has seen blacks solemnly walking around with waistcoats but toned behind instead of before, and men even wearing women's costumes. Big fellows have been seen in clothes so small that one could not Imagine how they gut into them nor how they cou'd get out unless the stitching gave way. IT is related that the Prince de Joln ville. when off the Gaboon coast, once received on his ship an official visit from two chiefs, father and son, who must have been customers of the Lon don dealer. Each owned for ceremo nial purposes a military uniform. That of the father was an English general's, while that of the son was a hussar's. The intricate cut of the son's uniform, with its numerous but tons. straps and buckles together with the painfully small size, proved too much for him. lie sent the prince a despairing message imploring help and a relief party of delighted midshipmen was sent to dress him and to bring him aboard. Special Benefits Allowed English Workmen Who Are Injured in Line of Duty Every job has its compensations. A clerk is secure in the knowledge that he is unlikely to come to any harm in the performance of his duties, though he has no legitimate claim if he con tracts writers' cramp or a nervous breakdown. But the toilers in mines and chimneys may rest assured that compensation will he theirs, if, in the course of their duties, they fall vic tims to disease, according to London Tit-Bits. A chimney sweep may contract scro tal epithelioma (chimney sweep's can cer) ; a vet's Job involves a risk of contracting glandular diseases, glass workers are daily exposed to the glare of molten glass and cataract Is not an unusual result. Sufferers in these cases are entitled to special benefits under the factory and workshop act. Lead, Its preparations and com pounds, mercury, phosphorus, arsenic, subject its handlers to poisoning, and the latter are, consequently, provided for. Mining is another dangerous trnde for which special provisions |ire made, and even the telegraphist may claim for suffering from telegraphers' cramp. | " SCRAPS OF HUMOR Parental Privilege. "Do you suppose this proud father really knows what his baby Is trying to say?" "No, but he wouldn't be a proud fa ther if he didn't try to translate gur gles into wise and witty observations." In Favor. "You seem to stand pretty well with this wait ress." | "Oh, I'm making some progress," sai< l restau rant patron. : >• ' ' thinks enough of me not to bring me a piece of yes terday's pie." Two, at Least. j Caton —There's one thing I like j about Canada — Eaton (interrupting)—l know It— that Canadian bacon ! But her cheese is great, too. Both Sorry. "Sorry I have to ask you for that fiver I lent you, old chap." "Well, I can sympathize with you. I'm sorry you have to. too." Right There. "Words are in adequate to ex declared the girl. j "You may be shy ~ on words, Alger- y non, but you are ' all right on fig ures." I Could Turn Loose. "I can't see that giving the freedom of the city to a feller does him any good." "Didn't in the old days. Might amount to something in the case oi a • man with a speedy automobile."
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers