T toflb trpAM t?mri1r InerJeht to th iintetaco I eur poMCMiod - ad aatbority m them. " Jtear the) eloM cf yjr session,' fV.r reason t4Mnoncttd t Congtese, I deemed it itnpof. in ae a eaeesure tar eecufing t speedy tnot with Mexico, that nim of mooey should to neroptieted and placed in the power of tbt Executive, similar to that which hd been made wpon two furtrrar occasion, during iht udinla Utatinnvf President Jfffvreoo. , ', Oa tho Wth of February, 1809, an epewopria I oo ed 990110,000 waa made, aod pieced at lb disposal of tho President. Its oty'Ot la wall known. It waa at that time) In contemplstio M scquire Louiaiana Iron Franc, and It ' wa Intended to bo applied aa a partof ihectonridqr tion which might ba paid for that territory. ,)a tho 13th of February, 1908, the semesam Wi In like manner appropriated, with view to the purobeeeof the Floridee from Spam. Thee appropriation wer tnado to facilitate negotia tions, and aa a mean to arable the President to secompiish the Important objects In view. Though It did twt become ncceesarj tor iht president to vac tho appropriatiotvs, ret a etate if thing might have arieen In which it would have been highly important tor him to dooo; tie wisdom ot nnxing tbem oanoot be doabted. It la believed that the measure recommended t.t your iiat eeaeion met with the appropriation .t decided majorities in both llottree of Congress. Indeed, indifferent forma, a bill making aaip pmpriatiMiof93U00,000 paaeed each Utvet,nd ii ts much to be regretted that it did not become a law. i h reasons which induced me lo re c immend the measure at that time at ill exist ; and I a?in submit the aubject Ibr yourconai teration, and suggest the importance of early ct on upon It. Should the appropriation be made, and be not needed, it will re maio in the treasury should it be deemed proper to apply it in whole or in part, it will be accounted for like other public expenditures. . Immediately after Congress had recognised the exigence of the war with Mexico, mv atten tion waa directed to tho danger that privateere might be fitted out in the porta of Cuba and Pnr- " Kico to prey upon the commerce of the Uni td 8tatei r and 1 invited the special attention of the Spanish government to the 14ih article or our treaty with that power oftho vOth of Oc t'lber, 1705. under which the eitixens and sub jects of either nation who aliall take commis sions or letters of marque to act a a privateere gainst the other "ahall be pnniahed aa pirate." It afford me pleasure to inform yon that I t. ive received aaaurancea from the Fpnnteli go rnineut that thie article of the treaty ahull be faithfully observed on i'a part. Ordeta for thia purpose were immediately trsnsmitted from that government to the authorities ofCubs and Porto Kico to exert their utmost vigilsnce m prevent t if any attempts to fit out privateere in these inlands against the United Ststes. From the food faith of Spain 1 am fully satisfied thst this deaty will he executed in ita spirit aa well aa its letter ; w hilst the United State will, on their psrt, faithfully perform all tho obligations winch it imposes on them. Informs! ion hss been recently received at the Depurtment of Siste that the Mexican go- rernment lias sent to Havana hlank eommiseinns to privateers, and blank certificates of natural! zation, signed by Gen. Sales, the present heed of the Mexican government. There is, also, reason to apprehend that eimilar documents hsve been transmitted to other porta of the world. Copiea of these pspera, in translation, are herewith transmitted. Aa the preliminariee required by the practice if civilised nationa for commissioning privateers snd regulating their conduct appear not to have been observed, and aa theee eemmieaiona are in blank, to be filled op with the names of eitixens and subjects of all nations who rosy be willing to purchase them, ine wnnie oroeeeomg csn itnly be construed as an invitation to all the fVfebootera upon earth, who are willing to pay for the nrivilrdge, to cruise spainst American commerce. It will be for our eourta of justice to decide whether, under such circumstances, tdese Mexican lettera of marque and reprisal shall protect thoxe who accept Ihem. and com mit robberies upon the high seas under their an ihorilr, from the paina and penalties of piracy. If the certificates of naturalisation thus gran fad be intended by Mexico In shield Spanish subjects from the guilt snd punishment of pi rate, under our treate with Spain, they will certainly prove unavailing. Such a subterfuge would be but a weak device to defeat the provi sion of a solemn treaty. 1 recommend that Congress should Immedi stely provide by law fnr the trisl snd pnnish men! pirates of Snanieh subjects who, ses- ping the vigilance of l lie ir government, shs II he found g'.iiliy of privateering sgainst the United Siates. I do not apprehend serionsdsnger from these privateers. Our navy will be constantly on the aWt to protect rur commerce. Besides. in case prizes should be made of American yes- sels, the atniost vifilmcet will be exerted by our blneksdintr tiqiindron In prevent the Captors from taking ihem into Mexican forts, end ft ie not apprehended that any nation will violate Ha noil- traliiy hy sunennif surh priiea to be condemned and sold within it jurisdiction. - I recommend that Congress ahould immedi- s'ely provide by law fi.r granting letters of marqiw snd reprisal against vessels under the Mexican flag. It is true thst there are bet few. if any, commercial vessels of Mexico upon the high eas; and it is therefore not probable that minv Americsn privateers would he fitted oat, in case a law should pns authorising this mods f warfare. It is. notwithstanding, certain that such privateere may render good service u the commercial interests of the country, by recaptu. ring oar merchant ship, should arv b taken by armed vessel under the Mexican flag, sS well ss by cspturing thee vessels themselves. Every means within oor power ahould be ren. nersd available for the protection of our com merce. ' I' - ' The annual report of the Secretary of the Treasury will exhibit a detailed tatment the condition of the finances. 1 The imports for the fiscal vear ending on the 80th of June last; wereot the value of $121,081,707 of which the amount expert ed waa ftlMtffr23 Utvirg the amount retaiaed in the country for 'domestic consumption $110,845,174. 'The value of the exporta forthe same period was $113.488 A16 if whieh 1 103 141.69.1 eoeewted of domestic r rouetions, snd ll.34.'1jR33 of foreign irticlee The receipts into the treasury for the asm vear were $29,490247 OA of ahirh'thers waa derived from custom $Jf .7I2.M7 67, from ale of uublie land $9,oU4 459 4M. and from wml tentl and. mleee Iran as sources (92,128 71. , rk expenditure tor the same period were$2rV "M.114 80, and the balance in the treasury on tbelMdavefJolv last was $9.14143903. - Tbasmoept of the public debt, inelediaf tree irv wMes.osj ike first el the pveaetjl eeath. St4.5fl.494 60 1 of hib the am of fll7.7C3.7rt fi$ waa ovtatsndiar tk 4th of Marah, 1&5 having the taaoaM iBCam4 eJace that tree (3. 13734 89. ... . la ova sfoeecat tb wgr wT! CffW with vigor and energy, a Uio heat meant of bringing it to a speedy ana) honorable tetmioa tion, a further ken will be nssjassary, ta meet theeaf-etxiiture for the preewt no tnt next fiscal) ears, it tho wsrehoew Decoounoeo un til tfH Wth of June, 184 being the end ofthe ami fiscal tear it Is estimated that an addi tion a 28.000.000 will bo reouired. This tatimate i made upon tho assumption that it will be necessary to retain coaeiautty In tho treasury $4,01)0,000, to guard against eontin gene. , u ucn surplus were net requirta to be retained, than a loan of $19,000,000 would be sttflkteeTt. If, however, Crmgrese ehould, bt the present e-sin impose, a .revenue duty on the principal articles now rmbrsced in the free list. It to estimated that aa additional annual revenue of ab hjI 2 000 (XX) and a hnlf. amount- ing. it is estimated, on the SO.h of June, 1649. to fauuuuuu, would be derived trom that eource ; and tho loan required wculu be reduced bv tbit amount, ......, - ; - ; . i It ia estimated, also, thst should Omgresa graduate and redueo the price of soeb of the public Jande aa have been: long in the market the additional revenue derived from that source would be anooallv. for several veera to come between half a million atid a million of dollars f and the hn requited may be reduced by that amount also. 1 Bhould these meattirre be adnp ted, the loan required would not probably ex ceed, $15 or 19000.000, leaving In tie ttecturv aconetint surplus of $4 000000. Ti e loan oropisrd. it ta estimated, will tc ruuicient to cover (be necessary expenditures, loth Tor the war and lor all other purposes, up to the 30ih ot June, 1848 1 a d an amount of this loan, not excelling one-half, msv be required during the present fiscal year.andihe greater port of the remainder during the first halrof the tiecal yr-ir succercipf. ' In order that timely notice msv be given, and proper measures taken to fffi t the loan ri stich nrt on of it a mav be riomred. it is important that the authority of Congress to make it be givrn at an estty period or your present session It is suggested thst the loan should be contrac ted for a period of twentv yars, with authnri ty to purchase the stock snd pay it off, at an ear lyperiorl. at ita market Va.ue, oiitofanyrur plus which n ay at any timo be in the Treasury applicable to that purpose. After the eatablivh inent of peace with Mexico, it ia supposed that a considerable eurp'us will exist, and that the debt may be extinguished In a much shorter period than that for which it may be contracted 1 he period of 20 years, aa that for which the proposed loan may be contracted, tn preferrr.ee to a shorter period, is euggeHrd, because all rX perience, both at hrme snd abroad , hae shown that losna are effected upon much brttrr terms. upon long time, thin when they are reimburse Lie at abort date. Necesaftry aa this nessure is, to sitr.tsin the honor and the interests of the country, engsged in a foreign war, it ia not doubted but that Con grass will promptly authorise it The balance in the treasury on the first of July last exceeded nine rotllioi a ol dollars, not withstanding considerable expenditures had been made for tho war during the month of Ma? and June preceding. But for the war, the whole punhe cebt could aod would nave been extm- eutshed within a short period : and it waa a part nf my ae tiled policy to do so. and thus re liete the people from its burden, and place the government ins position which wnuli! enable it to reduce the public rxpeaditurea to that econ omical standard which is moat consistent with tha general welfare, and the pure and whole some progress nl our institutions. , . Among our just causes ot complaint against Mexico, arming out of herrttusal to treat tor peace, aa well before aa sinre the war ao un justly commenced on her part, are the ' extra ordinary expenditures in wh'ch we nave been involved. Justice to ur own people will make H proper that Mexico should be held reapunri hie for these expenditure. Economy in the public expenditures is at all times a high uty which all public functionaries of the government owe to the people. T le du ty becomes the more fmperat ve tn a period of war, when large and extrsnronsry expendi tures brroire unavoidable. During the rxi tenee of the war all our resources should be husHsndrd, snd no appropriations made ex cent surh sa are absolutely necessary fnr i's vigorous proseruticn snd the due sdministra tion nf the government. Objects nf apprcpria tion, which in peace may re deemed urrtul or proper, but which are not indisnensahla for the public tevice, may, when theei unlrv i encsg drd In a foreign war, be well postponed la a fu ore periof!. By the observance of th i pol cv at your pre pent session, a large a nnt msy he saved tn the treasury, and tie applied tnebj- rlsof pressing snd urgent neva-ity. and thus the creation nf a enrrsspoodirg amount or pubi c debt be a- voided, " It ia not meant to recommend that the ordi nary and necessary spprepnations Ur the sup port nf government should be withheld ; but it ia well known that at -very session or Con- gross sppropristiens are proposed fi.r nuu.erciis obiects which may or msy not be made, with out' materially affecting the public inteiests ; and these it is recommended should not be granted. ' ' i he set passed si your issi serswi -resueing the duties on imports" not having gone into opera t inn until the 1st of the pteent month, there hss nnt ben time for its ptsct'csl effect upon tho revenue and the business ofthe coun try tn be developed. It is not doubted, however thst the just policy which it adopts will sdd large. y to enr foreign irsde, and promote tr.e renersl prosperity. AUhnueh it rsnnoi be eer a inly foreseen what amount of revenue il will exceed that pradursrt I (he act of If 42, w I irh it superseded. 1 he lesdmg prineiphp ests blished by it are, to levy the taxes with a view to raise revenue, anc" to irrp re thrm rpen the ariielea imported according tn their set out value. Tbs art ef 1 643, bv lbs excessive rates of du fv whlrh If Imensed on manv ariielea. either to tally eselu Jed tbem from importation, or greatly reduced the amount imported, and tnua diminish ed fntfesd of producing revsno. ' Py it th tal es were lmraed net for the Wltimate purpose ef raising revenue, but ' to afford adrantagee lo favored t lasses,' at tba expense ef a large snsjoru tv of their fllw-eitiiens. Those employ sd in aavicaltsrre. mechanical pursaits. commerce, and sovitatieM. were compelled to contribute from tbeir aabstsnse to swell the profits and ever. grown weal ii of ths compel iiivsly fsw win had iavested tbstr rspital in manorarlurea. The taaea were set levied ia proportion to the vaW of tae articles upon wbicb tksy were impo. m am widely dspartieg iroaa ibis jmi , the light? tita ware, in maay raaea, Isvisd a PMariiclssar laxary and high price, and the heavier Hxea thaae of necessity and low vies, ceaeaawd h th ereal anasa ef the people. It waa a aystsaa, the inevitable effect of waicn waa to relieve favored classes end the wealthy few fraaa contributing the Jnat aeorwr. jiea i se re support at gaverasaeat. and ta lay ta Uri aa tba bba of th aeey. eaaeawd la th - ,m,, tkM awaaraetti. i A svatem so ansoaal and e eniaat baa been I BersM a the ealstaaar raw. wMch isaaeses duttea not for fie benefit or tqjary f cUaaea or (uraaita, but dietflbatee, ana, as lar as rraetica le, o.ali t pablieburdva among all 'claa art and ocropatlona. ' The ravored'claaseawbo under the unequal and unjuai system wbicb baa n repealed have neretoiore realised large pro. fits, and many of them amassed large fortune at tbe expenae ef the many who have been made tributary ta tbem, will aave no reason to com plain irtbey stau oe required to bear tasir just propertied of the taaea necessary for th support of government. -So far from It, It will be perceived, by an ex amination of. the existing law, that discrimina tions in the rates of duty imposed, within the re- vena principle, nave been retained la their fa vor. Tbs incidental aid against foreign compe tition which they stilt enloy elves them an ad vantage whirh no other pursuits rosiest: but of ibis none others win complain, because tbs duties levied are necessary mr revenue.. .These reve nue duties including freights and charges which tbe imrorter. must pay before he can come in competition with tbe borne sranafketurer in our market, amount, on nearly all our leading bran ches of manufactnre, to more than one-third ef the value of th imparted aiticle, and in some cases to almost one-half its value. With such advantages, it is not doubted that enr domestic manuracturera will coatinue to prosper, realising in well conducted establish ments even grester proC: than can be drived from any other regular business. Indeed, so far from requiring tba protection ot even Inciden tal r.-vrnu duties, our rranufsclursrt in th sev eral leading tisiicbesare extending their tusineu giving evidence elgrral ingenuil j end skill, and of !Ler ability to compete, with increased pros pects or farms,,, for the orxn msikrt of the world Ttomestic manufacturers, in ths Value of seversl millions of dollars, wbirb cannot find a market at home, are annually exported to fo reign countries. With surh rates of. duty. ss those established ly the existing law.ithe sys tem will probably be permanent ; and capitalists who have made, or Hall hrreatur make, their investments in manufactures, will know upon wfat to rely. Tbs country will be satisfied with these rates because tbe advantages which the manubriums still enjoy result necessarily from the collection of revenue for tbe support of government. , High protective duties, from their unjust operation upon the masses ofthe people, tannot fail to give rise to extenaive dissatisfaction and complaint, and fo conatant e(Tbila,to change or icpesl them rendering all investments in manufacturers un-. certain and precarious. Lower snd more per manent rates or duty, at the tsme time tLst tbey will yield to the manufacturer fair and remuner ating profits, will secure bim against tbe danger ef frequent changes in the system, which cannot iii m i umousij idiyi nia inwrrtis. Simultaneously with ihe relaxation erthe res trictive policy by tbe United Ststes. Great Bri tain, from whose eiample we derive the system, has relsxed hers.. She has modified her corn lawa and redured many other duties to modeiats re venue rales. Alter sges orexperichce.thsststes menofthat country have been ronatrained by a stern necessity, and by a public opinion having its deep foundation in tbe sufferings and wants of Impoverished millions, tn stanflon a system tbs enert of which was to build up immense fortunes in the banda of th few, and to reduce the labor ing million to pauperism and misery. Nearly in tbe same ratio that labor waa depressed, capi tal was increased and concentrated by the British protective policy.. Tbe evils of the system in Great Britain wera at length rendered intolerable, and . it has been abandoned, but not without a severe strueele on the part of the protected and favored classes to retain the unjust advsntsge which they have so long enjoyed. Jt was to be expelled that a aim ilsr strnggl would be made by tbe same classes in tbe United Stsira, whenever an attempt was ir.ad to modify or abolish the same unjust system here. The protective rotiey bad been in opera tion in tbe United States fnr a much shorter pe riod, and its pernicious effects were not, there fore, so rlesily perceived snd ftlt. Fnougb however, was known ol these effects to induce its repeal. It would ba strangs if. in the fare of tbe exam pie of Great Britain, eur rrinriial foreign cus temers, snd of tbe evils of a system rendered msnifest ia thst count ly by long snd painful ex perience, and in the fars of the immense advan lagea which, under a more liberal romnorcial policy, we are already deriving, and must conti nue to derive, by supplying nerstsrvmg papula tion with food, Ihe united States should restore a policy which (he hss Veen compelled tosban don, and ibua diminish her anility to rnrrhase from us the food and other ariielea which she so much needs, and we so much desiie to sell. Ty ths simultaneous abandonment of th pro. tectiv policy ly Crest Britain and tba United States, new and important maikets have already been opened for our agiicultuial and ether pro ducts commerce snd navigation have received a new impulse i labor and trade bav been telsa ed from lb artificial trammels whitb bsve so long fettered them; snd tea great extent reeiprO' city, in tba exchange ef commodities, bas bea introduced at ths asms time by both countries. snd grestly for the benefit of both btest Untain has been forced, by tbs pressor of ctreumstsnces st home, to sbandon a policy which bas been upheld for sge. snd to open her markets for eur immense surplus ef brcsdstsns; nd it is confidently believed that other Powers ef Europe will ultimately see lb wisdom, if tbey b not compelled by Ihs psuperism snd suffer ing of their crowded population, to pursus aeiriii lar policy. Pur faiusers srs more deeply interested in maintaining tbe just and liberal policy of th ex isting law than snv other rlsss of our citizens, Tbey constitute a larg msjority of eur popul. Hon; snd it is well known tbst when msy pros per, all etber pursuits prosper also. .They hsvg heretofore not only received sons of th boos. ties or fsvors ef government, but. bf th unequal operations of tbs protective -policy, have been mad, by tbs burdens of taxation waieb it impo sed, le contribute to tbs bounties which la en. reached others. . When a foreign aa well as a heme marks! la enene to ihem, Ibsy oust reteive as ibey are now rereivinc. incressed prices for Ikeis pro. duets, They will ana a readier sals, sad al bel ter pricss. for their wbal. flour, rice, ladtsn corn, bsf. pork, lard, butter, cheese, and other article wbirb tbey produce, Tbe kerne market alone i insdeqoste to enable tbem le dispose of the immense surplus of food sad ether articles which tbey are capable of producing even al tbs mt reduced price, for tbe maaifest reason that they cannot be consumed in the cenntry. Tbe United State can. from tasir immense surplus, ssppl pet only lb heme demand, but tbe deft. clencieaeffeod required ay l as wpeie world. That the reduced production ef seme of tbe chief article ef seed ia Great Britain, and other parte of Europe, snap have contributed to iw creaae th demand fur our breadstaffa and provi. aloes, la not doubted t bat that the great and ef ficient cause of tbia incressed demand, and of in creased prieee, rirsla the reeneval of artifi-1 diiusaal number f Indian agendo wnll b re i.i mt, ietion kr atofar ianBoed. ia deemed la I ouird, aad abeald be authorised by law. Tbe he equally certain. That ear exporteef feed, al reedy lncreaed aad lucre ing aeyoaa I exempts, under the mors liberal policy which I ha beea adapted, will be still vastly enlarged, I anK bu ik.w ka uriM a or aveated be a reato 1 ratio ef th aratsetivw antic, caaaot be aWahtasi Jkat aw ter.eetieitl and warigetjef ate(ees 1th the Increase of our trade, is Mually c crtin; while oar ananaActarloi iatersiu will be the At' Versd interests Of tbe country, and receive tbe ineidental protect ioa afforded tbem hp revenue duties; and more than this tbey cannot justly de mand. 1 1a my annual messsge ot December Isst, a ta riff of revenue detiea based spoa tbe principles of tbs existing Isw wss recommended : and I have seen w-raA to ehsng the opinion then ex pressed. In view or tbe probable bsntBcial ef fects of tbst law, I recommend that th policy established by It be maintained. Jt has but just commenced lo operate ; and to abandon or modify it wi i ft oat giving it a lair trial, would ae inexpe dient and unwise. Should defects in say of its details bs ascertained by actual experience to ex ist, these msy be bereeiter corrected i but until such defects shall become manifest, the act should be faitly tested. t- ... ,.-..!! 'c It is submitted for yoer consideration whether It may not be proper, as a war measure, to im pose revenue duties on some ef the article now embraced in the free list. Should it be deemed proper to Impose such duties, with a view to raise revenue to meet the expenses ef Ike war with Mexico, or to avoid to tbat extent tbe crea tion of a public debt, tbey may be repealed when the emergency . which gave rise to tbem shall cease to exist, and constitute no pait cl tbe per manent policy of tbe country. - Tbe act of the sixth of August last, "to pro vide for the better organisation of tbe treasury, and for tbe collection, safekeeping, transfer, and disbursement of the public revenue." hss been csrried into execution as ispidly at the delsy ne cessarily arising out of tbe appointment of new officers, taking snd approving their bonds, snd preparing and. securing proper plsces for the safekeeping ef tbe public money, would permit. It is nut pieposrd to depart in sny respect from th principles or policy on which this great mr Sure is founded. Thr are. however, defects in tbe details of the mt-ssnre. developed by its prsctiral . opera tion, which are fully set forth in the repoit of Ihe Secrstsiy of ths Irrssury. o wbirb t best tent ion of Congress is invited. These defects would impair to some extent tbe successful opera tion ef tbs Isw st all times, but srs especially embarrassing when tbs country is engaged in I war. when tbe expenditures sre greeny increa sed, when loans are to be effected, and tba dis bursements srs to be msdc al point many hun dred miles distant, in soma esses, from any de pository, and a large portion of them in a forngn country. he modifies! tona auggeated in th r port ofthe Secretary ofthe Treasury are rccom. mended to your favorable consideration. , In connection with this subject, I invite your attention la tbe trrportet.ee of estsbltshirg branch of the mint ef tbe United States at New Yoik. , Two thirds of Ihe revenues derived from customs being collected at that point, th demand for specie te rsy the dutiea will be large ; and a branch mint, where foreign coin and bullion could be immedialely converted into American coin, would grestly facilitate the transaction of th public business, enlarge the circulation of gold and silver, snd be, at the tame time, a safe depository of the pttbtic moneyt . . 1 h impoitne or graduating and reducing tbe price of aucb of Ihe public land a ha bean long ottered in the market, at Ihe minimum rate authorized by existing laws, snd remain ua aold, induces me sgsin te recommend tbe subject to your fsverabl consideration. Many millions of seres of these land have been offered in Ibe market for more Iban thirty years, and larger quantities for more than tenor twenty years snd using of aa inferior quality, thev must re main unsaleable for aa indefinite period, unle tb price at which tbey may be purchased shall he reduced. ' To pise a price upon tbem above tbeir real value ia not only lo prevent tbeir sale. and thereby deprive the Treasury of sny income from tbat eource, but it is unjust to tbs States in whieh tbey lie. because it retsrds their growth and increase of population, and because tbey have no power ie levy a tax upon tbem as npon other lands within their limits, held by ether pronrie tors than ths United Ststes. for tho support of their local governmenta. j -: - The beneficial effects of the gradustten princi ple have been realised by some of tbs btstss owning th lands in their limit, in which it baa been adopted. Ibey have been demonstrated also by th United Slate, acting a th trustee ofthe Chicksrsw trib of Indians, in the sale ef their lands lying within tb State of Mississip pi and A'abaira. Ths Cbirkaaaw lands, which would not command in th market the minimum price estsblisbed by ths laws of the United Ststes for tb l of tbeir land, were, in puisu- ance of lb treaty of 1634 with thai tribe, subse quently offered for ssle ss grsdusted and reduced tatea for limited period. Tb result wss, tbst Isrg qusntities of these lands were purchssed, which would otherwise have remained unsold. Tb land were disposed of at their real value, and many persons of limited meana war enabled te purchase small tracts, upon which they have settled with tbeir families. " That aimilar results would be produced by the sdopiioaof the graduation policy by tbe United Stat, in ail Ibe Mate in which. Ibey are Ihe owners ef Isrg bodies ef land which have been long in Iho market, cannot bo doubted. It can not be a sound policy lo withhold Istg euanti. ties nf tbs public Isnds from tbe uss and occupa tion ef eur citig ena, by fixing apon them prices which experience bs shown they will not rem msnd.. On tb contrary, il is a w is policy tosf ford facilities to our cititens I become lbs own ers, at low and moderate rates, ef freeholds of their own, instead of being Ibe tenants snd de pendents ef others.. If it be spprehended tbst tbsss land, if reduced in price, would be (ecu red in large quantities by speculators or cspita- lists, lbs sslrs msy be- restricted, in limited qusnlili, to sclaal settlers or persons purcha sing for purpose of cultivation. In my last annual message I aubmitted for tbe consideration of Congress the present system of msnsgmg tbe mineral lends ef tb United Statee, and icmmended thst thev should b brought into market snd sold, npon such terms and undsr eurb restrictions ss Congress might prescribe. ty the srl of the elsventb of July last, "tb re served lead mines sad contiguous landa in Ihe States ef Illinois snd Arkansas, and .Territories of Vt isrensin ard Jowa." wei authorised la be sold. Tbrl is confined, in It operation, le "lead mines and reaitguoaa lands." A Urge portion el the pablic la ads containing copper snd ether ore la represented te be very valuable, aad I recommend tbat provisions bs msde authorising tbe sale or Ik land, upon neb terms sad rosdilioos s tbeir supnsd sl u may. in th Judgement of Cangreae, ho dssmed advisable, having due regard t the interesia of sucb of our ciliscaa aa anay a totals upea tbem. -i v .-.; -a - It will he Important, during year present eea eion, tn establish a territorial government and t extend tbe iarisdictioe and lawa of the United Cat over the Territory of Oregon. - Oar lawa regulating trade aad intercourae should he extend ed to the Pacific Oeeaa l aad far th purpose ef execatmg tnesa aad preservieg friendly relatione ua tbe ladian tnaes wiibie oar limits, aa ad. - j establishment efeasUsn-k. and ef aet-Si. i vo ana rwsi-raaaa. una rr i irsns- I prtatia of th mail on each route ae the p I lie reaveaieac will saggest, reqatre legialative - 1 autaeriiy, ,,--- Il will b. proper, aleo, t establish t is win aa asanas, area, ia eeiaaiiaa a surveyar ' f MrITrWa Ig last Territory, aJ rM will be ealargad la a corresponding ratio tbs nscesssry provision for surveying tbe public i ,!,"l,,Jr-J'r,",B ,km fM Viarket. As our eitcnawbo newreaW U tUt di.tant region hsve been subjected o,My .hips, pri va ions, and Sacrifice, ia thei, mi,r.tioB, and by their improvement have enhanced the value of tbe public landa in the neighborhood of Iheir set tlsments, it is recommended thst liberal grants bs made to tbem of sucb portions of these lands ss they msy occupy, aad that aimilar grants or rights of prs-emtion be msde to al) whu may em igrate thitber within alimited period, to be tu scribed by law. 1 be report or tbs Secrstsry of Wsf contains dctsiled information, relative to the. several branches or the public service Connected with that departments . The operation of the army have been of a aatisfactory and highly gratifying character.- '.-v : I recommend to your early and favorable con sideiatien the measures proposed by tb Secre tary of Wsr for speedily Ailing up the rank snd ai oi rns rsguiar army, lor its srealer am in tbe field, and for raising sn additional fore ta serve during tbe war with Mexico. Embarrassment is likely to rise for want of legal provision authorising compensation to be made to theagent employed in tbe several Mates and Territoriea to pay tbe revolutionary and other pensioners tb amounts allowed them bv law. ' Tour attention ia invited ta the rerom. mendations of ths Serrctsry of war on this sub ject. These sgents incur heavy responsibilities snd peifotm important cuttss, snd no resson ex ists why they should not bs plseed on the Sams rooting, ss to compensation, with other disburs iur officers. Our relations with the various Indian tribes eentinne to beef a peaceful character. The un-1 happy dissentions which have existed among the Cherokeea for many years past have been healed.- sine my laat annual messsge Impor tant treaties have been negotiated with asm of the tribes, by which the Indian title te large tracts of valuable land Wita.n the limits of the Stales and Territories hss been extinguished, snd Srrangements msds for removing them to th country west of ths Mississippi. Petween 3 and 4 thousand, of different tribes, hsve been remov ed to the country provided for tbem by tresty stipulation; and arrangements lave been made for others to follow.-' In our intercourse with the several tribes, par ticular attention has been given to the important subject nf education. ; The number of arhools established among tbem las been incressed. and eddit'onat means provided, rot only for teaching them the rudiments ofedurstion, but of instruc ting liem in sericulture nd tbe mechanic arts. -1 refer you to the report of the ' Secretary of tbe IVevy for a satisfactory view of the opera tiona of the department under his charge during the past yesr.'- It Is ratifying to perceive, thst while the wsr with Mexico hss rendered it ne- cesssry to employ sn unusual number of our armed vessels on her eessts, the protection' due to our commerce in other qusrters ol ths world hss not proved insufficient. ' No means will bs spsred to give efficiency to the nsvsl service in the prosecution ol tbe wsr ; and I am happy to know thst the officers snd men anxiously desir to devote themselves to the service of their coun try In sny enterprise, however difficult of exeru tion. v . - i I recommend to your favorable conaideration tbe proposition to add to each of our ' foreign squsdrnns sn efficient sea steamer, snd, ss espe cially demanding attention, the eatablishment at Pensacotaef the necessary means of repairing snd refitting th vessels of tb nsvy employed in ine unit or Mexico. - - There are other ' snggestione in the report which deserve, and I doubt not will receive, your consideration. The progress snd condition of tZ-.emsil service for the past year are fully presented in the report of the Pnst-msster-General. The revenue for the year ending on tbe 30th of June last, amoun ted lo $3,487,169, which is CS2.649 43 less thsn tbst ofthe preceding yesr. The payments for that department during the same time amounted to S4.C84 207 32. Of this sum (597,07 60 havs been drawn from ths tressnry. Ths disbursements for the year were $238,414 77 less than those of tbe preceding year. While the disbursements have been thua diminished, the facilities have been enlarged by new mail routes of 3 739 miles ; sn increcse of trsnsporta tion uf 1.764,145 miles, and tbe establishment of 4 58 new post-offices. Contractors, postmaster, snd others, engaged in this branch ol the service, have performed their duties with energy snd faithfulness deserv ing, commendstion. For many interesting de tails connected with the operstions of this estab liahment, you srs referred to tbe report of Ibe roetmsslcr urnersl ; and hia suggestions for im proving its revenues srs recommended to your iavoiabl considers! ion. I repest the opinion expressed in my laat anneal messsgs, thst the business ef tbi department should be so regula ted that Ibe revenues derived from it should be msde to equal Ibe expenditures : snd it is believ ed that this may be dons by proper modification ef ths present law, aacnggesteri in-the report of the Post raster General, - witheut changing tba present rates of postsge. , . M ith full reliance upon Ihe wisdom snd patrio tism ef your deliberations, it will be my duty, aa it will be my onxioue desire, lo eo-operet with you in every constitutions) effort to promote the welfsre and maintain the honor efonr ram men country. JAMF.S K. TOLK. V asMincTon, December 9, 1645. Rbsiohition. John M. Heed, Eq., Attor ney uei oral of '.he Commonweaitn or ren- nsvlvsuia, haa resigned from his office, and tbe annennrement of the fact waa made yesterdsy morning in the diflcrrnt Courts in ssision. Wm. A. Siokss, Eq., tendered his resignation st the same time, aa Deputy Attorney General. Mr. Stokes colleegue, David Webster, Eq., retsins Ihe offic of Deputy Attorney General, and will prosecute tha plea of th county until an appointment le msde for Attorney General by the Governor, Mr. Webster, during hie term of oflie has exhibited much talent ssd tsct for the despstch of business, snd hss given sufficient evidence of hia ability to attend to tbe srd uons dm lea of lh efiea. William A. Stokss, Esq., will, in future, de vote himself exclusively lo the private prsctic of law. Mr. Btoke hee conducted Ihe public prosecutions during hia official term with dis tinguished shility snd learning. Ua was ps eisllv rmarkabl for th candor sad fairness whish be alweys exhibited. He considsrsd himacfl ss well tha counsel for ,h cfefendant aeihe Comeaoawsslth, and was squally careful that th lnooenl hold not ba pnniahed aa that th guilty ahould not escape. , H t deaervee meek credit for hia sniformly upright aad sble coorsaaf eondret TAiX Jigtt. " RxcxtrrrM ran 6afnr Fa. .Ueot Love, of tb U- & Amy. srrid s Dayton, Ohio, a Fridej Isst, direet froas Santa Fa. Ha will re main al that place fovea WsBnile netiodvpep lh rasrsili sajnis. , ,4- THS AriERICAN. Mssedeig, tftctmitr, IP, !84.! 9. B, rJIMBm, M kit Htmt a? lor and Osof cMTcc, corwer of 3d mnd Ckttnmt Kirrttit fkltndrlphta, U rif Aervxed f ad ss tfent, mr.d rttttpi ftr all . ete (M 0llcf, fur mbicrtpUt or advtrtUlnf. " fb. l ate 09UtJ. 160 ,Yb o'.'revf, Also IVr. . r .furf AT. S. CVnscr f BmUiatrt aad Calvm ., BaHtmTt. ' (0f stKiiNU las A fresh supply of superior printing ink just received, and for sata at Phila delphia prices. ' ' ',' ' ' 0 The absence of the editor, during tha Isst four or five weeks, will account fot tha dt f.cicney ot editotsi msttcr. We present to nnr readers, this week, i the conclusion ol the President's Message. The v rwsoftho Prudent in regard to the wsr, snd in relation to almost stl other topics ex cepting the tariff, will meet with the epproba- lion of the demot-rscy of Pennsylvai.ir, and of the whole Union. 07" Our Washington correspondence letter wse received too Istr for insertion this week, in consequence of the detention of the mails in crossing tbe river. OCjT The communication between thie piece and Northumberland ha been cut off since Monday last, by the running ice. The Potts ville snd llerrieburg mails are now ferried over the river, immediately below the Shaniokin Dam, snd csrried opto Northumbcrlsnd. CT Our Wsshinpton Correspondent ssys: "TheMexicen gentlemen, SenrZe?vs, who, ss il w ss reported, came here to treat for the inde pendence of Ihe northern provinces of Mexico, has laken his .departure without eccomplishing the object of his visit. Prcpsts for giving cut Ihe public printing by coutrsct, according tn sn set pssred st the Isst session, hss been publUhrd. A combination of journeymen prin ters, some rsy, intend handing in a proposal, Success to Ihem. We lesrn thst the Governor hss ap. pointed Cbmjam! CuAsiPNSTs, Esq , to be At torney General, in place of Jgux M. Read, Eq , resigned. Mors Tkuop Wanted. The Democrat! Union of the 10th inat. aays, Gov. Sliunk re-, ceived last evening from the President ot the United States, a requisition fur an additional re giment or battalion nf volunteers. From the nun. her ot' romps met i Hi red over and above the first requisition, we have ni doubt the second will be filled at nnCe. Here is another glori rusoprx rturity fcr eur citizcn-suldir-rs torxlii lit their valor. The troops sre ordcreJ to ren desvr us forthwith, st Pittsburg. AcntniTt is Fisino a Castoh. Mr. Wm. Eiscnbiao wss eonsiderahly burnt snd bruised, and Mr. David Di-etrr had his thumb blown off snd was o'.herwi injured, by the prematura d ac'l arge of a cannon, at L'vvi.town, Ps. on Thursdsy last. The cannon was being fired in honor of the Wyoming company of volunteers, who were about leaving for the rendesvous, at Pituburg. The shipwrights and boat builders of Kert- sington, are busily employed in constructing th boats which wsr ordered a few weeka ago . by the United Sistes Government, to be used in navigating the shoal waters slung th coast of Mexico, . Tn lunula or Kimoolo ano CoonaAxa, at New Oblkahs. Ths lesding matter of in terest in the New Orleans pa per sol the 7th inat is the public ceremonial of respect to the rs maina of Major Ringgold and Lieut. Cochran, both of whom fell at the battler of Palo Alto( The entire population of New Orleans seemt to hsve been animated with a wish to testify, in the moat marked manner the highest respect for the memory nf th decesscd. " . Rpmo. or AaoTBit RivoLpTtox. Th Washington Union haa Ihe folluwing rumor is a letter fiom an officer of th Army, dated Mo bile, Dee. 5. 'Th news from Mexico shows that countrj i sn awful atata uf anarchy. Rant Anna hat gone back to Mexico, and ther are only IA, 000 disaffected, half starved iron pa at Fatoei Gen. Tsylor might to b there now with 9.00T. or 10,000 tenope. It !e a id that Herrera wil a alaoted Preaident, and in that event paaw will b certain. Boh BnsxL. The Bi. Lnuie Union of th. 9d, says thst tha foundries of thst City had re calved orders to furnish tba United Btataa ao headrad tons of bosnb-sbella. 4 PaTatorte pBurraaa The Wyoming At tiller'ete,Cept. Dsns, hss ia its rsaka niu c taapriaters, . : , ' ;.. . : .- ' Tb aasoant afspnei wbicb asae oat la tb steamer Caledoale, ws tareail thoosaa aooada star liaf , . .,.,',.,.- -r I
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers