12 "Safety First" Regulations of the State Dept. of Labor and Industry SAFETY FIRST (THIS .YOLLOWING RULES AND REGULATIONS HAVE BEEiN - ADOPT ED HV THE PENNSYLVANIA INDUS TRIAL BOARD. SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE LAW (ACT 2Gi, SECTION 16, P. L 1!»13». WHICH PRO VIDES THAT PERSONS AFFECTED MA Y PETITION THE BOARD FOR CHANGES IN THE REGULATIONS?. UPON THE RECEIPT OF SUCH PETI TIONS. IT WILL BE REVIEWED BY THE BOARD AND IF CONSIDERED NECESSARY A PUBLIC HEARING WILL BE CALLED IN REGARD THERETO.) Standards of safety, comprising the very best ideas on the subject on the part of men thoroughly conversant with a score oi* more branches of in dustry, will be promulgated by the Btate Industrial Board of the Pennsyl vania State Department of Labor and Industry in the next few weeks. These standards have been worked out by committees representing employers and employes, safety experts, casualty experts and men who make and op erate the appliances. The law under which these stand ards have been framed permits any person aff.cted to petition the board I'or changes In the regulations and on receipt of such petition the board will review the rules and make such i-hangcs as appear to be necessary af ter a public hearing is given. The first regulations cover transmis sion of power, one of the most import ant matters in industry, if not in every •lay life, and the provisions as are fol lows: The word "should" where used is to be understood as advisory and "shall" as mandatory. Unless otherwise pro vided for by regulations approved by the Industrial board, the following safety regulations for transmission of power shall apply also to all power driven machinery having exposed col lars, set screws, shafts, couplings, dutches, keys, pulleys, gearings and belts. Emergency Stops: A station or sta tions must be provided in each room, section or department to stop imme diately all power transmission therein. Such station or stations shall be prop erly marked and easily accessible. The prompt stoppage of machinery in an emergency is hastened by allowing the full load to remain on the machines. Set Collars: Set collars shall be cylindrical, and the screws used to fasten the same to the shaft shall not project beyond the largest periphery of the collar. Split collars, after as sembly, shall conform to the above specifications for solid collars. Set Screws: All projecting set screws in moving parts of machinery shall be removed and replaced by flush set screws. Shafts: Horizontal shafts less than six feet from the floor or working plat form level including dead ends of same, shall be guarded, or protected by standard railing, as provided for horizontal belts. Shafts less than, twenty feet in height oyer driveways above floor or ground level shall be guarded. Vertical shafts shall be en cased or guarded to a height of six feet from floor or working platform, or be guarded by a standard railing with not less than fifteen inches clear ance. Shaft Couplings: Revolving shaft couplings shall be cylindrical and bolts used shall not project beyond the largest periphery of coupling or its projecting flanges. Clamp Couplings: Heads and nuts of all bolts in clamp couplings shall not project beyond the largest peri phery. It is recommended that the use of this style of coupling be dis couraged unless guarded by a cylindri cal sleeve, the full length of the coupl ing. New installations of such coupl ings must be guarded by a cylindrical sleeve the full length of coupling. .law Clutch Couplings: Jaw clutch couplings shall be provided with a cylindrical «leev to cover the jaws. Universal and Flexible Couplings: Universal and flexible couplings shall be guarded in a manner to remove all hazard. Friction Clutch Couplings: Friction j clutch couplings shall have their op-! erating mechanism completely guard-i ed where exposed. Keys: All projecting keys in re volving shafts, where exposed to con tact, shall be made /lush or shall be guarded. Pulleys: When the bearings are not self-oiling and the clearance between the pulley and bearing on line shafting is thirty-six inches or less, pulley shall be completely guarded on side nearest bearing and all keyways in shaft be tween such pulleys and bearing shall be substantially encased or properly filled. All parts of pulleys within seven feet of floor or working plat form level shall be guarded under neath. or protected by a railing as pro vided for horizontal belts. Where the space between two pulleys or between a pulley and a bearing is less than the width of the widest belt used, such space shall be guarded so that the belt cannot get between the pulleys or between the pulley and bearing. A flange on side of pulley nearest bear ing. or adjacent pulley, will be con sidered a guard. On counter shafts, tho space between pulleys and the nearest bearing shall not be less than the width of the belt used unless such space is properly guarded. A flange on side of pulley nearest bearing, or adjacent pulley, will be considered a guard. Gears: All toothed, chain driven and sprocket gearing used in the transmission of power or on machin ery shall be completely enclosed wherever practicable, otherwise, at least to base of teeth. It Is strongly recommended that pulleys, gears, sprockets, sheaves, etc.. having spoke arms should be guarded by discs, as nearly as possible flush with rims of wheels. All friction drhes shall he completely guarded. Belts: Vertical and inclined belts extending to within six feet of floor or working platform level shall be sub stantially guarded as follows: If guard 1s placed less than six inches from belt, wlth en enclosure on all sides, not over one-half inch between members to a height of six feet above floor or working platform. If guard is placed between six inches and fifteen inches in clearance from belt, with an en closure on all sides, not over two Inches between members to a height of six feet above floor or working plat form. A standard railing may be used if placed to allow fifteen inches clear ance from the belt. Where belts pass through floor, a standard toe board shall protect floor opening. If upoer part of horizontal belt is less than six feet from floor level or working plat form it shall be guarded on top and sides or provided with a standard rail ing at leiist fifteen inches horizontally from the edge of the belt. Overhead belts with lower part seven feet or less from floor or working platform level, shall be guarded on fides and bottom. Passageways between upper and lower parts of belts are prohibited unless special permit is granted by the Department of Labor and Industry. Space traversed by such belt shall be completely barred against passage. Overhead belts ter» inches or more in width and more than seven feet from floor or working platform shall be guarded underneath in such a manner as to insure !ho safety of persous be low. Belt Fasteners: Hereafter no FRIDAY HARRISBURG TELEGRAPH! ' . JANUARY 1, 1915. change bells shall be laced with metal. Shifters For Belts and Clutches: Shifters shall be provided for all tight and loose pulleys and clutches. Shift er and disengaging levers, when sus pended overhead shall be arranged to hang vertically when belt is on loose pulley, or slutch is disengaged. Belt shifters shall be automatically held so that the belt will not creep from loose to tight pulley. All controls for stop ping machines shall be within con venient reach of the operator from any operating position. Mechanical shifters for change belts are strongly recommended. Publication: Loose pulleys shall have oiling devices so arranged as to permit oiling, in any position of loose pulley when machinery is shut down. An efficient system of self-oiling is recommended for all bearings. Shaft ing shall not be oiled by hand while in motion. Drip cups and pans shall be securely fastened. Oiling shall be done only by authorized and experi enced persons, properly clothed and in accordance with approved and safe i practice. Starting Signals: Ample notice should be given before transmission machinery is started by means of an efficient alarm or signal. Inspection: All power transmission equipment should be given careful and thorough inspection at frequent and regular intervals, and records kept of such Inspection. Caution: It is unlawful to remove guards from machinery, except when shut down, and in that case the guards must be replaced before starting. Standard Railings V-6.l2.—The word (should) where used is to be understood as advisory and (shall) as mandatory. (a) Standard railings shall be not less than three and one-half feet high, and be provided with an additional rail midway between the top rail and the floor, and shall bo constructed In a permanent and substantial manner. (b) If constructed of pipe, shall be not less than I>£ inches inside diame ter. (e) If constructed of structural metal or bars, their section shall be at. least equal to that of I%XJ%X3-16 angles. (d) If constructed of wood, the posts shall bo not less than 2xl inches or its equivalent section, having rails not less than %x 6 inches or its equiva lent section.' (e) Posts and uprights shall be spaced not more than 8 feet apart. (f) The rails when of metal shapes, metal bars or wood should be placed on the side of the posts that will afford the greatest support and protection. (g) One or more sides may be hinged, preferably with self-closing gates. (h) Railings already installed, if of substantial construction and proper position and approved bv the Depart ment of I.labor and Industry will be ac cepted. although not permitted in new installations. (i) Where panels are filled with substantial expanded metal or wire mesli, the middle rails may be omit ted. V-1.G121 —Toe Boards.—in addition t Standard Railings a Toe Board or toe piece. 0 inches high of wood or metal, shall be provided at (a) Working platforms, balconies, and galleries if 6 feet or more above floor level. (b) Floor openings and hoistways. (c) Fly wheel and pulley pits. (d) All other openings in floors and platforms where the safety of persons below is involved. Blowers and Exhausters Note: All blowers and exhausters shall have all exposed collars, set screws, shafts, couplings, clutches, keys, pulleys, gears and belts guarded as provided for by the regulations for the transmission of power unless oth er regulations have been approved by the Industrial Board for special cases. (a) Suction Tests.—Sufficient suc tion head shall be maintained in each branch pipe within 15 inches of the hoods to displace a minimum of two inches of water column in a U-shaped tube. Pressure to be taken by press ing tube attachment over small open ing through pipe, commonly called Static method. Tests to be made with all branches open and unobstructed. (b) Piping.—Round pipe shall be used for all main ducts and branch connections unless some other form is specifically approved by the Commis sioner of and Industry. All branch pipes must enter the main trunk pipe at an angle of 45 degrees or less. All bends, turns, or elbows in such pipes must be made with easy, smooth surfaces having a radius in the throat of not less than two diame ters of the pipe on which they are connected. No branch pipe shall ex tend into the main duct and all laps shall be made in the direction of air tlow. (c) Emery wheel and buffing wheel i exhaust systems shall be kept sepa-! rate owing to danger of sparks from the former setting lire to the lint dust from the latter, if both ore drawn in to the same suction main. (d) The Inlet of the exhauster shall be at least 20 per cent, greater in area! than the combined areas of the several j connections to the hoods, and this in crease in the main pipe shall be car ried proportionately throughout the entire trunk line. The piping on the outlet of the fan is also to be at least 20 per cent, greater than the com bined ureas of the several connections to the hoods. (e) The area of the main duct at any point should be equal as near as possible to the combined areas of all branch pipes to that point, plus the necessary 20 per cent, excess area. In general not more than two branches should be connected to a section of uniform diameter in the main duct. (f) The use of screens across the mouth of branch pipes is prohibited. (g) Tho withdrawal of air from a room by an exhaust system creates a vacuum and for this reason sufficient I inlets for air shall be left open. (h) Tho main trunk lines shall be! provided with suitable clearouts not over 10 feet apart and the end of the main trunk line shall be blanked off with a removal cap placed on the end. (i) The sizes of tho branch pipes leading to the hoods for polish ing and grinding wheels shall bo as follows: DIAMETERS OF WHEELS j Diamoter of I Branch Pipe | From G inches up to and including 16 inches ... 4 inches' More than 16 inches up to and including 2 4 inches f< inches' More thsn 24 inches up to and including 30 Inches 6 Inches! For rag wheels t.he following dimen- 1 slons shall be used: DIAMETERS OF WHEELS Diameter of j Branch Pipe l Up to and including 6 inches 3 inches! More than 0 Inches up to and Including 12 inches 4 inches' More than 1 :? inches up to and Including 16 Inches 4'/i inches More than 16 inches up to and including 24 inches 5 inches More than 24 inches up to and including 30 inches 6 inches (j) Plans for all blower installa tions should be submitted to this de partmcr.t hi duplicate for approval before work Is commenced and It should be clearly specified that the system is to be installed in strict ac cordance with the above rules and regulations. (k) These plans should show the diameter of all wheels, dimensions of all piping, and should also show the general construction of hoods to be used. These rules and regulations as set forth above should be complied with before the system will be accept able to the Department of Labor and Industry. Note: The above rules and regula tions shall not apply to grinding ma chines upon which water is used at the point of the grinding contact, nor shall they apply to any factory or workshop where men are not em ployed continuously at such wheels or belts more than three hours in twenty four. Machine Tools I V-1-.7o.—The word (should) where used is to be understood as advisory and (shall) as mandatory. Note.—Unless otherwise provided for by regulations approved by the Industrial Board, all Lathes, Planers, Milling Machines, Boring Mills. Metal Saws. Keyseating Machines. Shapers, Slottsrs, Gear Cutter, Drill Presses, and all other machine tools shall have all gears, sprockets,, chains, bands, belts, pulleys, clutches, wheels, shaft ing. spindles. couplings, clutches, counteiweights, revolving and recipro cating parts and all as specified in Volume 1. No. 2. Kules and Regula tions for the Transmission of Power. V-I.7ll.—The use of Safety Dogs is strongly recommended. Set screws and boll heads shall be made flush or shall be guarded. V-1.712.—A1l new installations of Face Plates, Chucks and Collets shall be cylindrical with no projecting parts on rim or periphery. Pace Plates, Chucks and Collets now in use haying projecting parts on rim or periphery shall be encased, guarded with hinged or other offective guard. V-1.713.-—The ues of drills on dead centers unless securely fastened there?, should not be permitted. V-I.74.—Cans and other automatic parts shall t>e carefully guarded. V-1.75.—0n hollow spindle lathes bar stocks should be guarded full length. V-I.7l6.—Chip guards should be provided on loathes and other ma chines for the protection of nearby persons as well as the operator, where there is an eye hazard by reason of flying chips or cuttings. Goggles will be considered adequate protection for operator. Eye protection in all bathe, Ma chine and Grinding work shall be carefully considered. V-1.77. —All openings in bed frames shall be covered with shoot metal, ex panded metal or wire mesh aprons, securely fastened in olaee. Openings in housings shall be filled or guarded. Xot less than 24 inches clearance shall be provided at both ends and sides of planers for planer bed, the work being machined and its chuck ing. If clearance is less than 2 4 inches, clearance space shall be guarded with Standard Railings. Floor openings and pits shall be guarded with Standard Railings and Toe Boards. Attention is called to hazard at tending the practice of reversing planing table by hand, except when absolutely necessary in setting up work. Counterweights shall be placed in wells 01 securely guarded for their en tire travel. Air Compressors V-1.611. —The word (should) where used is to be understood as advisory and (shall) as mandatory. Note.—All Air Compression Ma hinery shall have all exposed collars, t set screws, shafts, couplings, clutches, keys, pulleys, gears, fly wheels, and belts guarded as specified in Volume 1, No. 1. for the Transmission of Power and Air Compressors shall have fly wheels, tail rods, cranks and other dangerous moving parts guarded as speeiiled in Volume 1, No. 2, for the use of Standard Railings and Toe Boards by the Industrial Board. V-I.6ll2—Pneumatic Hammers.— New installations of pneumatic ham mers shall be fitted with a device to prevent the piston from leaving the I cylinder. V-1.6113 Portable Pneumatic Drills.—ln new installations every portable pneumatic drill and pneu matic wood boring machine shall be provided with an automatic device to i stop tho machine and prevent acci-1 denial starting when the operator's | hand is removed from the controlling valve. V-1..011G —Pipe Connections For Compressed Air. A straightway valve shall be fitted in new installa tions where a valve is required in a pipe line between a compressor and its air tank. ~ Where a stop valve is placed in dis charge line between a compressor and an nir tank a spring pop safety valve : shall be placed between the compres ! sor and such stop valve. V-I.6ll4—Air Tanks.—The design and construction of air tanks shall conform to specifications approved by this Department. A drain cock shall be fitted at the lowest part of each air tank and the accumulated oil and water shall be frequently withdrawn. Woodworking Machinery ITI-B.o—The word (should) where used is to be understood as advisory and (shall) as mandatory. Note. —All moving parts of wood working machinery such as saws, feed rolls, cutting heads, shall be guarded in a safe mannor, and have all exposed collars, sot screws, shafts, couplings. clutches, keys, pulleys, i gears anil belts guarded as provided (for by regulations in Vo' me 1, No. 1, | covering the Transmission of Power, unless other regulations have been ap proved by the Industrial Board for special cases Where special operations require tho removal of the various saw guards mentioned below, an equally safe special guard must be substituted and tho saw must always be guarded by one or the other while in mo jtion. 111-B.ll—Circular Rip Saws.—Cir cular rip saws shall be guarded by a \ Hood, and provided with a spreader I located at the rear of saw. Saws | shall be guarded under table to prc 'vent possible contact. An exhaust | hood will be considered a guard, j 111-8.12 —Circular Cross-cut Saws. — I Circular cross-cut saws ha ving fixed | horizontal bearings shall be guarded •by a hood. Swinging cross-cut saws I shall have the saw guarded in an ap i proved manner. All circular cross :cut saws shall be gunrded under or lat rear of table. Knuckle guards shall be attached to swing frame. Swing cut-off shall be equipped with an eflicient device to return and retain saw at back of table. HI-B.l3—Circular Saw . Mills.—ln i setting saw mills, a horizontal clear ance of at least 3 feet shall be allowed i between any fixed object and any part of tho traveling mechanism. 111-B,2—Band Saws.—Band saws shall have both wheels encased and be orovlded with u shield extending down tc guide rolls to prevent opera tor from coming in contact with the saw. A band saw blade shall be com pletely guarded on its up travel. 111-8.3 Wood Shapers. Wood shapers have cutting heads carefully guarded. It is recommended that shapers be provided with a cylindrical collar having rounded corners, of a diameter not less than the greatest diameter of cutter and placed imme diately above cutter, when the work operated on permits. The collar speci fied may have several "g-inch di ameter perforations to permit view of i work. 111-8.4 Wood Jointers. Wood jointers shall be provided with a cylindrical cutter head, and an auto matically adjusted guard. 111-B.s—Mortising Machines.—Mor tising machines shall be provided with thumb stops to prevent the hands of operator from coming in contact with chisel. TII-8.6 Planing, Matching and Molding Machines. —See note under 111-8.0. IU-8.7 Sanding Machines.— Disc Sanders shall have periphery and back of revolving head thoroughly guarded and approved exhaust system provided for :ne removal of dust. 111-B.B—Tenoning Machines. —Cut- ting hends, Laws if used and all ex posed moving parts, shall be carefully guarded. Stationary Steam Engines 111-12.5.—The word (should) where used is to be understood as advisory and (shall) as mandatory. By stationary steam engine Is meant an engine normally in one place and used regularly for furnishing mo tive power, farm and sawmill porta ble engines, portable hoisting engines, pumps used by contractors are not classed as stationary engines. Note: These standards are to be considered as also applicable to gas engines, pump engines and air com pressors, if their construction is such as to bring tliem within the scope of these requirements. Ample notice should be given before machinery is started by the use of an efficient alarm or signal. All steam, gas and hot air pumping engines and air comi>ressors shall have all exposed collars, set screws, shafts, couplings, clutches, keys, pulleys, gears, fly wheels, and belts guarded as specified in Volume 1, No. 1, for the Transmission of Power by the Indus trial Board, unless other regulations have been approved for special cases. 111-12.51 —Automatic Stops.—lt is recommended that an approved type of automatic engine stop, with speed limit device, be put on all stationary engines of more than 500 horsepower. Xo live steam connections should be made to the receiver of a compound engine without a reducing valve, set so that the pressure will be well within the safe working pressure of the re ceiver and of the low pressure cylin der. Such receiver shall be equipped with one or more safety relief valves ol ample capacity, adjusted to a pressure well within the safe working pressure of the receiver and of the low pressure cvlinder. These valves shall be pro vided with facilities for testing, such as a hand lever. Jet condensers shall be provided with vacuum breakers to prevent water from entering the engine cylin ders. Steam traps used to discharge water from steam separators shall be so installed that their operation will be evident. Each engine shall be equipped with an efficient governor which will at all times automatically control the speed of the engine under varied loads, except where the load itself acts as an efficient governor. All belts or rope-driven governors shall be equipped with a device for stopping the engine in case the belt or rope should break. Valve gear shall be so arranged, or other provisions shall be matle, that in the event of the load being removed, the engine will stop if the governor would fail to act. (A broken belt stop will be considered sufficient for slide or four-valve engines). Positive means shall be provided for blocking vertical and large horizontal engines, compressors and pumps dur ing adjustments and repairs. A safe method should be provided for turning over engines by hand. Stationary stairs or iron ladders shall be provided for access to such emergency valves as cannot be op erated from the floor or other accessi ble place. Platforms and walks on engines shall have standard railings and toe guards. This applies also to the en gine bed alongside of the connecting rod or crosshead, when it is used as a ; footwalk. Provisions should be made where | practicable for oiling all engine bear ings, journals, accentrics, crank pins, etc., from outside the guard railings. All power transmission equipment should be given careful and thorough inspection at frequent and regular in tervals, and complete records kept of such inspections. JOHN PRICE JACKSON, Chairman. GEORGE S. COMSTOCK, JAMES C. CRONIN, JOHN P. WOOD. MRS. SAMUEL SEMPLE, Industrial Board. Forging and Stamping Machinery Note: Unless otherwise provided for by regulations approved by the industrial Board, all Forging, Press ing, Forming and Stamping Machines shall have all exposed collars, set screws, shafts, couplings, clutches, keys, pulleys, gears and belts guarded as provided for in Volume 1. No. 1. Rules ana Regulations for the Trans mission of Power. (a) A locking device shall be pro vided for presses and shears to pre vent the machine coming into action prematurely or while the tools are being Bet. Where tight and loose pul leys are used, the locking device may be applied to the same instead of to the machine. Where direct motor drive is used the switch shall be se cured in an open position. (b) On all cold work a positive guard, which is controlled by the mov ing ram, is recommended for blank ing. drawing and forming presses op erating on cold material. The guard should be arranged to throw the oper ator's hands away from the danger zone. (c) Sheet material presses for stamping, blanking, forming, trim ming, shoaring and punching should, where the nature of the work permits, have an inclined bed or have an au tomatic: or roll feed. (d) Tf neither false fingers, sliding dies, double Trips, soft metal plyers, nor work holders using compressed air or suction for handling of the ma terial operated on. are used, then guards of metal strips, metal netting or plate glass to protect the operator are recommended: the same being either fixed or automatic. (e) A positive disengaging device for clutches is recommended. (a) All Hammers operated by steam, air gravity or stationary, shall be provided with positive locking de vices so that when the rani Is at the top or the bottom of its stroke it can (b) Every steam and air hammer [shall be provided with a stop valve in the admission pipe line, which must be closed, preparatory to, and during the repair of the hammer or while chang ing dies. (c) Extreme care shall be taken in making and using hammer die keya on all power hammers to see that they are not only of suitable material, but that they are driven into place with due regard to the safety of the opera tor and of the neighboring workmen. (d) It Is suggested that hammer die keys be mcde of open hearth ma terial (Mn .40 to 50 per cent.; C .50 to .60 per cent.): that they be ma chined accurately to fit notches', and. | that the ends be tempered to prevent . spreading, upsetting or breaking. The jends of keys shall be redressed when I necessary. Polishing and Grinding Machines "V"-I.SO. —Tlie word "should" where used is to be understood as advisory and "shall" as mandatory. Note: All Polishing and Grinding Machines shall have all exposed col lars, set screws, shafts, couplings, clutches, keys, pulleys, goats, fly wheels, and belts guarded as specified in Volume 1. No. 1, for the Transmis sion of Power by the Industrial Board. Grinding wheels are to be under stood as wheels composed of a prac tically uniform mixture of an abrasive material and a bonding cement, formed or molded into a single piece. This does not include grinding wheels of natural stone. Polishing wheels are to lie under stood as wheels composed of material other than abrasive, to all or a portion of whose surface an abrasive material is applied. Disc grinders having discs of steel. Iron or equally strong material are classed as polishing wheels with re spect to safety of operation. (a) Grinding Wheels.—The use of defective grinding wheels is prohibited. (b) Grinding wheels shall tit fi-eely on their spindles. They should never be forced on, nor should they be too loose. A clearance of .005 inch is recommended. (c) The soft metal bushings shall not extend beyond the sides of the wheels at their centers. Wheels shall be kept as true as practicable and work rests shall be kept adjusted close to wheels. (d) Wherever possible a compres sible medium, such as blotting paper, rubber, lead, etc., at least as large as the diameter of the llanges, shall be fitted between a wheel and each of Its flanges. (e) Flanges for Grinding Wheels.— Each flange whether straight or ta pered must be relieved or recessed at the center at least l-ll! inch on the side next to the wheel for a distance as provided in Table B. (f) The maximum and minimum di mensions of flanges and the minimum diameter of flat spot at center of wheel, as given in Tables A and B, must be observed. Takers J ft a/iyes far £mery WAee/s Tapered Flanges for Emery Wheels; A Maximum flat spot at center of flange. B Minimum flat spot at center of wheel. C Minimum diameter of flanges. D Minimum thickness of flange at bore for wheels 1 inch or less in thick ness. E .Same os D. but for wheels over 1 inch in thickness. TABLE A TAPERED FLANGES AND TA PERED WHEELS Diameter ABC D E of Max)- Mini- Mini- Mini- Mini wheel. mum. mum. mum. mum. mum C 0 1 3 8 0 1 6 » 8 10 0 2 .11 V 2 12 4 4 1 2 6 14 4 4 Ya 8 % tfi 4 5 10 % 18 4 5 12 2 0 4 5 14 2 2 4 5 It! % 24 4 5 IS K 26 4 5 20 % 28 4 5 22 • "i 30 4 u 24 ?8 TABLE B STRAIGHT FLANGES AND STRA 1U HT WH EELS 2 5 ~ O i 2.3 2 2 i» 33' I aß* 3 8? erg 3 Diameter %£:§ • o ©§ •'-* ill; = ri| :$ 7 : • :"F e" 2 1 % 10 v < Vi '< ? 16 6',i 3 /* 18 6 4 if 20 7 4 22!.! " 5 /i 5 2 4 S 5 ',i 26 6 V% 2d 10 7 \ 30 10 1 (g) Flanges shall be made of steel or other equally strong material. (hi Both flanges in contact with u wheel shall be of the same diameter. (it New installations of tapered flanges shall hav« a taper of not less than % Inch (preferably % inch) to the foot on each flange and where a flat spot is used it shall conform to dimensions set forth in above table. Bui one taner should be used in any one establishment. (j) If but one tapered flange is used, the taper shall be 1 V: inches to the foot. (k) Wherever possible only 2 inches of the wheel should project beyond the flanges where the wheel is over lo inches in diameter. (1) All grinding wheels shall con form to the dimensions for flanges as set forth in above table. <m) The surface of wheels in con tact with straight or tapered flanges, the surface of flanges in contact with wheels and the compressible material between flanges and wheels shall be clean, smooth and free from foreign material. (n) Protection for Grinding Wheels. —Either substantial hoods, tapered flanges, or both, sufficiently strong to retain the pieces of a wheel In case of breakage and so designed as to leave exposed the least portion of the wheel compatible with the work In hand shall be fitted to all grinding machines. (o) Precision Grinding Machines.— Precision and tool grinding machines shall be thoroughly guarded where possible. Proper cramping devices and hoods shall be applied to precision grinding machines where the diameter of the hole in the wheel will not per mit the application of the specifica tions for guards elsewhere set forth in these regulations. (p) Cup and Cylinder Grinding Wheels. Cup and cylinder wheels shall be surrounded, as much as op erating conditions will allow, either by a substantial hood or be retained by a chuck which surrounds the peri phery at least % the height of the rim of the wheel. (q) All specially shaped wheels shall be substantially guarded. (r) Arbors, Fixed Collars and Ma chines.—The protruding end of the arbor and Its nut shall be guarded. (s) Arbor bearings shall be of ample size and shall be kept carefully ad justed and lubricated. (t) Arbors of floor, bench and swing frame grinding machines for wheels 12 inches or more in diameter, shall have fixed collars not less than 1-3 the diameter of the wheel being used. (u) Floor and bench grinding ma chines shall be rigidly constructed and securely fastened to a suitable foun dation. (v) Grinding wheel manufacturers shall furnish information regarding speeds at which wheels are recom mended to operate safely. (w) Wheels must not be operated at a speed in excess of that which is rec ommended by the manufacturer. (x) Eye Protection.—Approved eye protection shall be provided for op erators on grinding wheels if the op eration involves the possibility of eye injury. V-102—Blowers and Exhausters. — For Grinding and Polishing Machin ery. .Vote: All blowers and exhausters shall have all exposed collars, set screws, shafts, couplings, clutches, keys, pulleys, gears, fly whees, and bells guarded as specified in Volume 1, No. 1. for the Transmission of Power by the Industrial Board. (aa) Suction Test.—Sufficient suc tion head shall be maintained in each branch pipe within 13 inches of the hoods to displace a minimum of 2 inches of water column in a. U-shaped tube. Pressure to be taken by press- ing tube attachment over small open ing through pipe, commonly called Static method. Tests to be made with all branches open and unobstructed. (bb) Piping.—Round pipe shall be used for all main ducts and branch connections unless some other form is specifically approved by the Com missioner of Labor and Industry. All branch pipes must enter the main trunk pipe at an angle of 4 5 degrees or less. All bends, turns, or elbows in such pipes must be made with easy, smooth surfaces having a radius in the throat of not less than two diame ters of the pipe on which they are con nected. No branch pipe shall extend into the main duct and all laps shall be made in the direction of nir (low. (cc) Emery wheel and buffing wheel exhaust systems shall he kept separate owing to danger of sparks from the former settinfi lire to the lint dust from the latter, if both are drawn Into the same suction main. (dd) The inlet of the exhauster shall bo at least 20 per cent, greater In area than tho combined areas of tho several connections to the hoods, and this increase in the main pine ."hall be carried proportionately throughout the entire trunk line. Tho pipin* on the outlet of the fan is also to be at. least 20 per cent, greater than the combined areas of the several con nections to the hoods. (ee> The area of the main duct at any point should lie equal as near as possible to the combined areas of all branch pipes to that point, plus the necessary 20 per cent, excess area. In general not more than two branches should be connected to a section of uniform diameter in the main duct. (ff) The use of screens across the mouth of branch pipes Is prohibited. (gg) The withdrawal of air from a room by a exhaust system tends to create a vacuum and for this reason suificlent inlets lor air shall be left open. (lih) The main trunl: lines shall ha provided with suitable clean-outs not over ten feet apart, and the end of the main trunk line shall be blanked oft with a removal cap placed on the end. ((11) The sizes of the branch pipes leading to the hoods for polishing and grinding wheels shall bo as follows: Diameter of Wheels. Diameter of Branch Pipe From fi inches up to and including 16 inches ... 4 inches More than 16 inches up to and Including 24 inches 5 inches More than 24 inches up to and including 30 inches 6 inches For rag wheels the following di mensions shall be used: Diameter of Wheels Diameter of SUFET* FIRST Branch Pipe. Up to and including 6 inches i inches More than 6 inches up to and including 12 inches 4 inches More than 12 Inches up to and including 16 inches 4V4 inches More than iU inches up to and including 24 inches 5 inches More than 24 inches up to and including 30 inches 6 inches (jj) Plans. —Plans for all blower installations should be submitted to this department in duplicate for ap proval before work is commenced, and it should be clearly specified that the I system is to be installed in strict ac cordance with the above rules and I regulations. (kk) These plans should show the [diameter of all wheels, dimensions of Fall piping, and should also show tlio i general construction of hoods to be ! used. These rules and regulations, as 'set forth above should be complied with before the system will be accept able to the Department of L.abor and Industry. Note: The above rules and regula tions shall not apply to grinding ma chines upon which water is used at the point of tlio grinding contact, nor shall they apply to any factory or workshop where men arc not em ployed continuously at such wheels or belts more than three hours in twen ty-four. JOHN PRICK JACKSON. Chairman, GEORGE S. COMSTOCK, JAMES C. CRONIN, JOHN P. WOOD, MRS. SAMUEL SEMPLE, Industrial Board. Advertisement. PREVENTION NOW THE TIMELY TOPIC Commissioner Dixon Gives Some Pointers on How to Stay Well in Winter Time State Commissioner of Health Sam uel G. Dixon gives some points on how to stay well in the rigorous winter time in his weekly talk on hygiene, lie discusses prevention as better than cure. In his remarks the doctor says: The well w r orn adage to the effect that "An ounce of prevention's worth a pound of cure" lias long been ac cepted as one of the wisest of saws. We are all willing to admit that pre vention is the thing, but too often we stick at the price and then are obliged to pay roundly when the necessity for cure is forced upon us. A day at home in bed when one is threatened with a hard cold seems to many peo ple an extravagant waste of time and yet it would be difficult to estimate how many really serious illnesses r might be prevented by rest and caro in the early stages.. , How many parents have suffered the agonies of regret for failing to seek medical advice when their chil dren were suffering from "sore throat" and which eventually proved to be diphtheria with terrifying rapidity. 9 How frequently in severe winter weather we see women sacrificing | comfort and defying common sense in L their dress for the sake of what they consider appearances. How many men work'ing under strain anil physically exhausted try to "buck up" with a few drinks. These are but a few common exam ples of the people who will not pay the price for their ounce of prevention. They may partly escape once, twice, a dozen times, but in the long run they foot a heavy bill. The physicians' best patients are the men and women who boast of never having a doctor until they are really sick. Much of the greatest work which has been accomplished in medicine during the past generation has been preventive work. The great future of the art lies In prevention and the time is rapidly approaching when to suffer from many of the now common ail ments. will be looked upon by all in telligent people as evidence that Mm sufferer has been inexcusably neglect ful of his own welfare. Do not hesitate to pay cheerfully the cost of prevention when health is at stake for no Investment offers a higher premium than ,your physical well-being. TYPO SCALE IN FORCE Linotypes All Over City Now Working Under Agreement of 2 Year-. Ago Beginning to-day, the weekly wage scale for linotype operators prevails in all printing plants of the city. The piecework rate, which was used in tho State printing contracts and at one of the newspaper plants of the city, is discontinued, according to the agree ment signed two years ago by the local iTypographical Union. It was not then | put into effect because of State con | tracts. j The effect of the new scale on tho amount of wages paid cannot be defi j nitely determined immediately, but it is said that cfllcient typesetters will Ibe paid in proportion to their former ] earnings and will not be at any loss !through the weekly scale. The mini mum weekly scale paid to linotype machine operators is s2l. j PARTY AT NESBIT HOME Special to The Telegraph Bio in. Pa., Jan. 1. —A large sleigh ing party was held last evening at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Nesbit. at Pine Grove. A pleasant evening was spent playing games and refresh ments were served. ACCUSED OF FLEECING FARMER Special lo The Telegraph Lewlstown, Pa.. Jan. 1. Walter Mackey, whose home is in Altooua, has been arrested and lodged in jail here. Mackey is accused by Farmer Tom McKee, of near here, of fleecing him out of $8 and of stealing a prixe turkey weighing twenty-five pounds. IMPROVING LIGHT SYSTEM Special lo The Telegraph Halifax. Pa., Jan. 1. The light plant is being overhauled and rein stalled in the local United Brethren Church. The work is being done by E. F. Kopponheffer, assisted by the men of the congregation. RETURNED FROM HOSPITAL Special to The Telegraph Lucknow, Pa., Jan. I.—Miss Myra Swartz, granddaughter of Mr. ami Mrs. F. K. Swartz. Jr., residing along the river road, has returned from the Shope hospital, of Hnrrisburg, wheru she. underwent an operation for ap pendicitis, severals days ago.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers