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CHAS: SU3IIIIER 4 i n ' s t the'reptalkf the MisSILO Colitpro , ; ,mist, in the.qnited States Senate, Feprua 'n/241854.1'1' - - ••• . • - -, ....• ; ; R. PRESIDENT .. . -1, • ' -. • ... A ii , I approaCh this discussion with awe. l'The nighty question with untold imues,_whf,ch it 1 i i volves, : oppresses me. .„.Like a porte4tious C oud, sureharged-withiriesistable storm and rein, it seems to fill' the whole z heaven ma- lying me .poinfully , Conscious *how uneiqu I 1., am to the OcChsion=how. unequal,, allis' •a 1 that 1 tan say; to all thatll feel. - In delix-ering my sentiments here . to-4 I s all speak frankly---aceording Itb myr on li victions, without oOneealmerit or resew e:— Tut if anything felrfroin - the Senator (from „I linois, .[Mr. Docor.Asa in .6 - )ening-thip. dis cussion, which might seem to challenge a , , personal contest, I &Sire that I may 110 n t upon.it. - Let not- a Word or a toncil ass ny lips to direct „attention, for . a wionkfit,. NM the transcendent theme, by the:s.ide .of vhich _Senators - and • Presidents _arel but dwarfs. I Would riot, forget - those amelaities vhich belong-to this, place, and r. l l.re -re calculated to temper the antagonism d! de -1 ate ; nor can I cease to remember atid: to fOl, that, amidst all'Aiversities of (Spit:doh, we, .re the, representatives' of thirty-one sisler re-. üb T li b e e s' i , - ( knit. sti o to n v pr t s h onstitUtiner that Plural. Unit, which' m'e 'ill I mhraCe by the endearing- name . of 'country. - . s e e r o b te y d i4 fo i . ° y l o u i b ir l . e c .. ol( a le li r d - ' ,l . lion is not surpassed in grandeur - 1) , any;,! ii . Ilia ,as occurred in our natibnal 14tory'.. 1 s c ace ery t a, lie lye! L e t t e i c t la a r s a s t t i l o rn n es o g f . ig l a n n d t e i p e en p d T e o n p c44* A. Ileum. we simply'consider the extent4fter-1 r tory it concerns, or the pliblic.fait)i, cif' - na-, , i onal polity which it' aftects,l or that lirgher. question—that ' Question' of Questions, as far above Others as Liberty' is aboye. the • i cornH l mon things of. life-which-it opens -anew- !for l judgement. •• , , I : ! ; , -- ; t , It concerns an immens region,- 11,argerl than the original thirteen' S ates, vying a i ri - eii- j t nt With all.the existing Fr,..e. States, stiptCh- 1 , ,j , i g over:prairie, field, and forest—interlaced by silver streams, skirted by protecting,-ropun- ' tiins,.and constituting the heart of the Niorth merman continent—only a ratta gmlllli4 14.1 •4 . cie add. than three great European countries I " Combined —ltaly, Spain.• anal V.... , , ,,, . .41... ail which, in succession ; has has over .the 1 World. This territory has already beentlili-e- I red, on this door, to thcocrarden,of GO.— i The similitude is found, not merelYin itslpre2--. I eat 'pure and virg\n eharacter,-but in its ac, t Ml geographical - situation, Occupng cen tral spaces on- this -hemisphere, which, in their general relations, I may well compare \, with that early Asiatic home.' We ar°.lold teat. Southward through Eden went a river larkre ; o v here we. have a stream. which'--is - Larger than the EuphrateS. - And - here tOo;•arnfidalj, he smiling 'products 'of nature, _lay-jshed 1!)y . the hand of God„is the goodly tree.of Libery; • P lanted'p by our fathers, which, without 4aor ration, or MI/ iMarrination,-mar be likened t • to,.- . . . The tree of life. ' . 4 1 -' - High eminent; blooming ambrosial finit.• Of vegetable gold. • .• it is with regariftOthis . territory,.that .you are now called to, exercise the liglicistirfune non Of the. lawgiver; by . es.tablishing[thosp 1 ules o'f.i;o)ity : whieli will determine_ alts 4, - tire character: As the twig is bent the . tree, .( • • inclines-; and the influences impressed upon, the early days..of an .empire—like• those upon :. chil&—are of inconceivable inwortance to o its future weal of woe. r . The bill now ibefore i i f s, proposes to organize nod' equip tto'newi ttnritorial establishments, with governoi.. R see k, retarieis:, legislative; councils, legislators, judg s-,s, mar••hals, and the whole machinery! of civ i, society. Such. a measure 'at anyi time, . yould deserve the most icarefu6,atteqon. - riur at the present, moment, it .justly lexcitc4, 1 - peculiar interest,.from thgeffort made—on retences unsustained 'by. facts—in violation i o .a r t e h n e a rs tit, t a o nd .op o e f n t thi he s e j a m ri m y .. against Slavery. by . a i rpostive.. embodied in - the Act Of COgre-0., i i : r o cin n ho ' iwb to itgi S ou l nar a , v dem e e m db . d . I( fle's li ole c im o o r uu d r ing to existing law, :this ! n rr :i.is i en to er r ei- ; . approved March ,61,12,,-1820, - preparatory . to: he adinission of Missouri into the ,Unibn, as .. sister : ier state, and in the following 'iexplieif w. . „ • - "SEC.-8. Be it further enacted, That :,infail. Ter- . holy ceded by France to the United iSt' 64 - s, / under . lir name of Lonisana,which Hies north of-thirty-six • egrec s and thirty. minutes of north _latitude, not neluded 'within the limits of the State icOntem- i plated by this act, SLAVEF.Y A•ND-',VIVOLVSTA;r4YI irEvrryßE, otherwise thean as the .IMnisfunen.t. of , grimes. SHALL BE,' .A.EI) IS ItEREBV, FOIEVER a. PROHIBIit" .-.- ~' •• ! I It is now proposed tb set aside llis prdbi lition-, but there 'seems...M.l"e a singular inji c ecision as to the Way in . which lie, deed. - 'shall be done. ' From the:time:of its. first, in. , • I Tothit . ti o . n, in the report4lle-Cornroittee on - rri ' etories, the proposition 'as assnmeddif- 1 .event sliiipes; and, it prornises . to assume! it's navy as Proteus; now one thing'in rorm,and - vow, another; ridw, like a r i ser, _and - then ike a flame; but, in every form -•and-shape, ! L clentical in substance; with but one end and'- - .lm—its. be-all arid' end-all—the - Overtliiou •f the PrOhibition of,Slavery. • ; - ! ' i , At first, it proposed S:imply to .declare; t i hat, , he States formed -out of thisTerritorY sho l uld e admitted into the Union, "with or with lavery," and 'it did not directly assume 4,1) ' ,ouch this prohibition. For some reaSOn'this : Iwas not satisfactory, and then it, was predio - propOsed to declare, that prohibi tionthe-.in the Missouri act "was superseded by ~ tlieinliie.ipl es of the legislation of 1850, coin , moldy .ettlied the Compromise .Measures, and : is .inoperative" bevel, :declared . But this would not do; and it .is now propos'ed to de . - dare, that the. p r ;l• t •• -• al) • I • .1 tent with the eing - i inconsis- 1 prit ' ic i i i ple tl9M s oi - 'non-intrvention by Congress, with Slavery its, the s r tates .. and , Territories,.as r' ecognized the IgislatiOn of 1850, commonly Called !th - CC o rp' pron3iSe ?il4... , •isures, is hereby declared inoperative and void." - 1 . . All this is to be done otr' preterc e t, fours , fled upon the: Slavery enactments of IRSO • , s - d , liing, with minnied aiirlacityand cuntirir ' t , ' IY indirection to c tid direction oui" . Now ''',r, I..ain not here to speal in , behalf of those' . iri:,:sure:s, or to lean. ife a*- way - upon their ' "•'''''. Relating to different - _st ib ieet_ncit,- . - • Illned in - . differettt l a! , .ts, - -wh;oh - ;r,- . . .. . . . Yai ed sticcessWely, at diffe'rent times, and by different votes some persens.• Noting for, one measure, and_ ifune ; Yoting----for -itnother,end ,very few voting for all, they cannot be regar ded as.a unit, .4rilbodying conditions of.dom pa3t, or' comprf9i4e,. if pleaSe, adopted equally,byalt. partles, and, therefore, obliga to rip all Paffies.!. 134 since this".broken series of meastfres lin • been-adduced as an apology.akl, the - propositi'on now heap us, I desire to . saY,Aliati Stich -s:they are; they caw: net,hy . any' effort a. ir erpretation, by any distorting wand of _i)owe,-,i by any perverse alchemy, be transmuted 'Wu a repeal of that .original _prohibi tiou f of .Slit Very. .. . • . OU this -hea,4 - thero • are several points to which 'I vvouldFi merely call attention, and -then passon,li I.Piqt , The Slavery- enact- , rnentS of 1350 ,did not pretend, itr terms,. t to u ch, much 14s to ;change. the , condition - of the Louisaim Territory Which was already , fixed by 'ConOssional . enactment tp ly acted- upon b "newly-aeqUired 28 " fl a e Condition which was.nocareadY fixed by pon g ressid4l etractmttlTlio two tran sactions related - - toidif).' rent subject-matters. S'Ocondiy;"The:l etiamments do .not directly t,t! ch the . sUbjqe,t 2 Of Slavery, _ during the tt.r riterial exi_sterfOe.ofititalr: and' New Mexico ; but they,,provide - prospectively ' • that,. when admitted. as States; ,they•ilall be; received., "With' or witho!ut - Slavery. `Here certainly can be i no e4tiliriai. 'of an act of CongreSs WliichdireCtlfcotieerns a: Territory 'during it's .Territaria4 .t.risfence. m easures : Daring all the - disc i iissibit of these measures in ( I _'•on _gess, and rift4wards before the.,people, hand through the public I press, at. the North ,and SOuth alike, tiO pevion was, heard to intimate that the prohilition of Shu'eryin the Mis'sou ri• Act was ini an , y way disturbed. And; _fourthly: 'The iacts 'themselves contain a for mal provision, that - ''nothing herd'- contain ed 'shall be!censtrudd .to :impair . or qualify anything" in - a .certain article of the teSolu lions annexing Texas, wherein it is expieSsly. dialared, Iliat. in teOitory north • of the Miss ouri ('Omprornis.e line' ' ."Sl4ery, or inVOlunta ry serNitude, except', for crime, 'hall be \pro -I;ibited2" - -• . ! ..' 'But J do not dWell on these-things, • 'These 1 • pretences hare been already- amply - refuted by Senatf,tis 'who have preceded me: lt is clear, beyond fill. contradiction, that the prohibition of SlaVery iir.this territory has not been Su perseded or i t any way contravened by the :SlaYery'rect of 185:0. Tht: pionosltlon . 1 . :.,- , 1 fore,: t As. therefore - original in its charac ter ~ ,,....1 .1. ~,,,,.. r 2.. __ , ey . . • la ion;;` and it r . nuA,. aecoidingly, be judged 11' its:rnerits, as an !original proposition. Here let .it: he reMemhered;. that the. friends of Freedom are • n\o( opiih ; to' any charge of acr,greSsion'..l They: !"are. now standing on the defaSi Ve,-z-.. nuardin , -;:the early intreyclunents • thrown up : by our7fitthers. : No Proix - Isitoirto abolish Slavery anywhere, isnow, - before N'OU j tint, on the contrary, a proppsition to abolish Freedom: The term Aboliti?nist, which is-so often applied in reproach, 'justly! belongs;. on ' oceasiorkto bith .who ; would .overthrow well*stablislied landmat I:. ,- lie is, indeed AtOlitionist of slavery ; let him be _called, sir, an AbolitiOnistibf-Freedorn. !For myself, whether\with rnani or fc;w,.iny place is taken. Even if -ablrne, my . -fi•eble arm shall not be wan- ting as a bar agailist this outrage. . i ,1 On two - -Oistinet• ground's, "both 1 against the deed," z le4).,v arraign' it; Tirst,in .:,. the name of 'Puhlic' Hi th,;„ as an, infraction of the solemn obligations assumed beyond recall j by . the South on the adm4sion of Missouri in to the 'Union aS a!Slave State ;: Secondly, I arraign it in the name Of FreedOm, as an un l , • - justifiable departnre , front the original Anti - - Policy of piir fathers These two beads' I propoSe.tol consider in l : their order, glancing imder'the latter :It the objections'io. the prohibition of Slavery; , in the Territories. And here, sir,•before I iipproeh the argu-, menk,' ' indulge . me With "la • fen preliminary words On ,lie Character of !,this p r roposition, Slavery. is the l i forCible subjection of one hu man,beink, 'in I, person, labor, or property, to., the Will -of auellier. - n this simple statement. is involved itS!ivbeleinitistice., IThere •is no offence against religion, agai n stmoralS,agai nst humanity ; ;which May not istalk, in the license of this inStitution;."unwhipt , ofjuStice." For, the; husband and wife there,. is no marring ; 'for,the methel• there is no, assurance, that her: infant, : child 1% - ill inot beiraVislied from' her, breaSt ; for all wlb bear the: nameof Slave,: there, is nothing that they , can call, their own: Without-a father !wifflOut, a - mother, almost =without A . God,:tile . Slave, has nothing hut a master., It Wouldbe contrary tO,',l)at Rule of Rigl#,-which is ordained by Gad, if• such a systeta, though'. Mitigated ofterr.,by a patri archal kindness, ..tad hy . ai' : plausible physical comfort, could belOtherwlse •than perniciouS in its 'influences.. It is eonfesSed, that the" 'master suffersi riot less than ihe 'slave. And this.i's not all, The' whole . Soeial .fabric is . iisorgar4ed ;11abr loses its ',dignity; inchis-: try sickens,i cc ucationr finds no s:chools, - an& ll land of S.; avery is • iinpoVerished. „Lind trove, sir, when, the conscience' of mankind is at last aroused to these things,.when, through; out theciviliz'ed-World, a Slavedealer is .a by-' word and a reproach;. we,' . as - a nation _-are ababout to open a new Irmiket to,the•traf lick erS rh flesh, that haunt • the shambles of the' Sontli./ Such an . act;at this tittle': is remOv ed- from all • reach ' Of , ttat palliation often vouChsafed to Slate A.: :his. Wropg we• are speciously told, by ft'cise Who seek to defend lit, is not our original si - ; It was entailed I I upon us, sOrwe are instr eted, by our. ances tors ; .end. the reSpontibibly is Often, with ex fitliation, thr4nrota the ; mother conntry.---: Now, .without . st pping to inquire into the 'value - of this aiolgy; whiChis never adduced . • in 'behalf of otlicet baseis,. ; and which - availed n nothing against t at',hingly power, imps sod by the mother co try : and . Which our fath ers ov,ertlirewo it ' t s • sufficient, for tiro present resent purpose; to knowi that it 4 s. now proposed to makesSlaverYour own on act. • Here is a fres)]. ease of act u alltrarisgess - Which 'we cannot .e ast upon the shoulders of any pro-genio •!, rs, nor upoti any :mother .country, dis-i . taut in time or place. ' Tile .Congress of the Unitdd ,Stai, the people ;Of theKnited States •at this.dayi in this vaunted 'period of light,' will lie Irespoiniipld foi it, S.o that' it 'shall ibe said, hereafter; E l lalong as :the disinal history of i Sl4very is read; that, in the year of Chriitt 1854, 1 a new and il deliberate act, 'was passed, by :which a vast fetTitorYi was opened to its iiiroa4s.•. •; . 1 - •. , • . •M et oime in the panypf matrons does our : country assume this hateful championship's In despotie'Ruas4, the serfdom which conSti-i ttitestho,, "peculiar. inatiiiitiori" , or that great` empire, is never iiillowed! "to ttavel with . the . . 1.114..4.g. • t.) 4i• I_4 ,•••.4 . 71' 7 ' 1 ' 177 1_,Y . T OFTPF:t 4 O- 1 17:71 91 71 1 * T Itlontrost, *usq' . imperial . tflag, • according to the An pretenior4 into' plOyinees newly begtii the'coMmen blood and treasure, but full. r,estrieted -by_postii - e_prohibition, i many :with •the general couscieriee,'Acit anCient confines; and thiS. prohibitio4 Wilmpt Proviso of Ru,4ia—is •rigorow., for`Ced onl (very .side, in all - the Provin 'es, as in' Be.garabia ;on the, south, and Poland n the J o Nf . o, so tliat,4 in.fact, •no Russian no letnati lui.i Wen able to move into the* - intiortarit teititoes iwith his.slaves. Thus Russia 'peaks lo r :iFreed.Ont,.l- and disowns. the slavelltling ddgma Of !our. -country. Far away in the .East, it l ate. gateways of the day,' inieffem inate India; slavery has been condemned; in cns" tantinople, - the 'queenly scat of -the most - - poWerftOlahomedan empire, where barbar- - istri 2 still thingles . with civilization, the Otto 'an Sultandias faStened upon it the . tigma ot, disapprObation; the Barbary States of Af riea, occupying the same parallels : of latitude 1.,- wath the 4lare. State•i'Of our Union, lnd Tei 1 ' ' ' 1 -.' seMlAing•thern in the nature of their bound a- . ribs, 'their productions; their cliinate, ,a id the . \ !Peculiartnstitution," which sought. shelter in beth,have been changed into: Abolitionists. Algiers . , seated near the line. of • 36 .deg. 30 titip., has beelhdedicated to Fieedem.. Mor oi', e - o; by its untutored ruler, hits expre:sed its de ire, stainped •in..the formal teims of a trea ty,Aat tlie' very name of davi;ry may perish frion. the minds of men ' - and only' ' recently, front the I)eyf of ' Tunis has preceede,', ' that nOble . act,lbyrwhich, "In honor of God,' and toilistinp . ...nish man - from the brute creation" I quote his; own words—he;decreed its to tababolitibn throughout his d4minions, Let ' Christian AMetiea be willing to be taulght by ._ .. the: ex:MIAs. God forbid ihat.our repub liH7"heiri Of all the ages, fciremost in the files of. tinicnt should adopt anew the barba *sint. which : they have renouric'ed. • ' As the . Ofoi-t now making is extraor in!Character, so no assumption seems • itttOrdinary to be wielded in its' sum Th primal' truth of the •equality' of n prOclaimed in .our liclaration of In elence, has been assailed, and this rrea 'tcr: of our Country discredited. Sir, vv I; Will Foo4' li* away, but that will col t'oStand, nboVe impeachment or quest, The Dedaration of Independence,. Ihelaration of Rights,.And thelangtia e em-. PlOyed, though general in its.chitracte 7 must 41r,i'iouily be restrained Within the design• and g0 , ' , .....;nr a - Declaration of Rights' inVolving it&such 11.'"1 , 1 . 1111111Tlii , :i to it. • 0 N? Sir it is a palpable fact that rneit 7 are not'botn equal in - physical strength or:in mental - capacities, in beauty of form. or health - of!bodY,' - These mortal cloaks of flesh differ, as - do these. wordly gat ments. 12iversitY, or in 'equality in these respects is the law ofcre - atton, - ;. But, as God is no:respecter of persons, and as equal in. his. sight, whether ;Dives or Lazarus, master or slave, so are all equal in natural inborn rights; and, pardon 41? e, .say. - itt is in vain sophism to addlice in'argumerit against thi , . vital axiom Of Lib ; 'erty, the physical or mental inequalities by . which meni ate. characterized, or the tinnap- Ipy degrads tion . which; in violation t t ;.f col - 13- n* biotherli6od, they are doonn , .l.lT() de :ny. the IDeclaratlon Indeperuktice is to .on the. bosses.' of the shield Of the Almighty, i,vhich in all respects, the present 'east:ire seenis to do. , To.thsuggestiondi , lnsive suggestion of the able Se n. 1: atOr 'firom.l.North Carolina, [Mr. l3A'nonn.] that by the overthrow of this prohibition, the niimber of slaves will not be ine,reased, that. there Will be simply:a beneficent ditfusion'orl Slavery. arg not_ its extension; I reply at . once, .that this arciument, if of any nOt mere wOrds..and nothing e lse-iwould equally justify and !quire 'the overthrois of I this.prohiflition, - of Slavery in the freejStates, -and, intieedi everywhere throughout the world. All, the dikeS. which, in diffyrent conntries; from lime to: tinier. with . the march of eivili- I - zation, hay. l F . been. painfully set up- against the i n roads of this evil, must be remeYed,inid ev - . eiv land opened anew to its destructlVe flood. it'is clear, beyond dispute, that the over throwl of this prohibition. SIO - err will be 4c.juickened, and slaves theMselvel will be mul ttiplicd, while new "roam find tergyft . Will be tsteured forrhe operation's . of slave . Haw, - under which free -labor •willWreop. and cast territoi; y Will be , smitten with 'Sir, a!, blade of.grass would not! grow where the hors.e. of Attila 'had trod',-nor can any true Prosperity spring up in the foot-prints of, the slave. . . But it .i 4 suggested that slaYes will not be carried "into Nebraska in large numbers, .and therefore, the question is of . stnall-practical - Moment. My distinguished - colleague, [Mr. E vEnFri l.i f f eloquent speech, hearkened this SuggeStion,,nud. allowed ltimselfi while Upholding the prohibition, to disparge its im .portance iii a manner, from which I teel con strained . 1 1 :-incily,but most Eirenougv,to . diF.sent: Sir, the ecti4is sliowsthnt it is of vital con- Sequence. There is .11isr:ouri.at this Moment., With Illinois lon the, east and- Nebraska onthe West.;!all cOvering. nearly the same spaCes of latitude, 'and resembling each, other i in soil,' Ornate, and ,productions. Mark, now, the C.Ontinst! 'By the pcitent efficacy oflthe Or dinance of the Northwestern Territory, .Illi nois now- a free State,: while Missi;iiii has 8742 . 2 . sla'Yc. l ; and the simple question which Challenges an answer is, whether Nebraska Mall be. preserved in 'the condition of Illinois, Or surrender to that of Missouri I Surely thiS Cannot be treated lightly. - But for my- Alf, I :tin Unwilling to • measure the exigenef of the prohibition by .the number of persons, Whether. many ,or few, whom it may protect.;. 'lnman rights,Whether in a solitary'individ-1 nal or a vast multitude, are entitled to an er-! . qual and' unhesitating support. In this spir-z it, I am Coin:trained to declare thatlthere is! no place accessible to human avarice, or liu-1 Man lust, Or human force; whether in 'the low-!, est valley, or on the. loftiest 'mountain-top, ihether on the broad flower-spangled! prairies, . Or the sno*y .crests of the Rocky Mciuntains,' Where the !prohibition tt slavery, ike the. commandments of the -Decaloglie, shOtild not BLit g a • • leading thesethings behind, I preiss at once to the argument. . And,no*, Sir, in the- name of that public faith, which is the very ligament so ciety} and. which the great Roman orator tells Ins it. is: detestable to break evenl withati enemy,' I 'arraign' this scheme, and-appeal . l4 the calm judgment of all who hear There is anearly Italian story of an exper4 Creed citizen, Who, when- his nephew told 1 1 him he had been studying at the, univeristy • b science right; said in reply ; • I - P7TS _ .i TtirTrat , A rpg A Lip "up • 4 .4+ , k , io . P 7 1' 'CU T Tt 1 ; 1 ;F iiT) MORALITY: 'Borunit 7 art • B 23, 1854 . I • "l•Yofi have spent yourrtirne to lifte - Purpose. 1 If world have .been -better had tileiarned , 4: 1 the seienco of might for tliat.is w *kit two of the ofher;'; and the .byftanderi-of-t rat; day all i g recii that, the Veteran spoke • the i truth. -I' begin; Sir,jby assuming that. honorable Sena- ". tOrs.NornOt act in this r. spirit—that they will nOt - stibstititte might for' right—that they will ii,ot w!antotily and flagitiously discard :tirly ob ligatiOn,. pledge, or ctivenant, hecatise they.- el.iane to po s sess the!.puwer; but .!fhat,• as Honest men. desirous to do right, .they will • 4 - confront- this question. r, ' • . • Sir; the proposition hefore You involves not Merely . the:repeal of art existing law, 'hut the if:lime:lion. ',:of solemn .}obligation originally. ifcopied an d assumed , die South, after a protracted and embitteredcontest ; as a Cove -nant of pettce--with regard to*certai4 speci-* tied territety therein described, namely : All that TerritOrY ceded by France to the - United Stated, under the name' of Louisiana 'accor ding io which, in eonsideratien of, the admis sion Into the Union or Missouri as .n slave State,!SlaYe.ry was . forever prohibited in ail tile remaining part -orthis territory :which lies nth Of 36 'de g . 3? min*. ThiS aryange #lciitibet36.pen different:sections of the Union- -!,tlre, SlaNie States.of Oa first pait and the Free State?;, of the - seecind yart-:- - -though usu-, Ally knowi as the Ilik/ourt *Compromise, was At thq time styledA - 'err. In its stipula tiottsfor slavery, it wa ' •justlyi repugnant' !to coitP the conscience of the. A., orth, and ought. never, to haye beett.made •, hitt it has ,on that side ; been perfOrined. Andr,,now the unperformed Outstanding obligationa to Freedom originally. propesed and.assumecliby* the South; are re- Ai i Aisteur .'3! r -I • 1 . ' r ,' Years hAve passed since these- obligations '• ' 1 - 1 . -• 11 •l •of were pni 19t led In t io ,egis atron Congress, And accepted by .thektountry. Meanwliih4 (he•sfatestnen by whom they were! framed and Viridiated - hayed one by . one, 'dropped , Prove this earthly sphere. - .Their living voices Cann4t -no!ii be heard, 1 plead for the -preser iatioli of,that Public !Faith *to which they Were pledged. But tots, extraordinnr.v - lapse Of time, with. the conklete fruition: by one party.lcif all the benefits belonging to it, un der the compact, give4ici the transaction an #ddect anti:most sacred strength. Frescrip lion stepslip with nevq . bonda, to-confirra(the Original work ; to the end that while Wren Are mortal; controversies shall not be iminor -61- ;1 - )eath with inexerable,seythe,tiaimow ed ileWn ihe authors lof. this compact; but Ivith const:rvative hour-glass, it has i counted ttlibi'e s Ki-IfiWvAt, ttc..Y.OrA,..whicii ..ngw...dPfile Sacred lanclinark of Freedom. - i ' , • • A iimi*, statement lof facts, derived from the: jeurntils of Congress* and contemporary rec6ros, Will show the, origin .and • nature of, this Compae,t, the influence by whicih it • 'was stabli , ..lett, and the obligations .which it:im , „„, 'P* ( i'-' l .• _•`..! ..- • .I,`, -. 'euean led by mre n har ihin its 1-the en, as epen char- ;did in • AslearlY as 1818, al thq first sessione of the oft* enth tcongress ahill was reported to! the lionse - of.•,l:elreserita l tiyes, , raithOrizine• I the . .. pec' r pll? oft the Mis:,-ouri Terntory to .form a Folislitution and State 13,overnment fOr ! the idirtiiiioriof such Stale into the Union ibut., , nt' that sdssion, no fina) action was had there ion. ' , .A.C . ilte next Session. in - February 18.19 T ;the; bill ii.as again bronglit forward. 'ill - fen r .an . I.' 1111 tiiint tikpresentatillo of Ni'w. York, whose !life; hils-l+en spared till this las:t sunnner,,Mr. ri .I*£ , i 17.44.L11.1DGE, Tl3Vet.l . a clauscproliibit- iing any Surther introduction of slaves into t lpropcsed State, and 'securing freedon to ,tile children born within the .Stater . . after its ..tidrul'ision , into the Union, on attaining . tW - .en- ;ty-flq.‘ vi.lars of-age. Tnis important. pronosi -4 . . `lion. Whit.. i ass - tune 4 power not onv.to pro-, pibiOltefingress'of slavery into the-State it l'self blit-alSo - to abolish, it ' , there, wasipar,sedin i'tbe. a!Thritiative a." - , la . vehement d4. at , of If• , , ,„ . t0...1. i..1 .....,. ~...\ tlireeidays. Una divtsien of - the i question, t . the fist part 'prohibiting, the furthetiintroduc i'.on Of 'slave's, Was ti.dopted by 87 yeas to 76 naysi the second - part ! providin!; for: the . reimuicipation of childfen, Was adopled by 82 yeas 'to 70. nays. Other propositions to thwart the operation of the.seituneminteuts were Voted dowti;_,and on the 17th .of. February. the bill Was rend a third tirtic. , . and passed, With these impottarlf restrictions: . • !I ! , 101re`.! - Senate, after debate, ' the;' provision for the Otancipation,lof children was struck out 1;y -3J - : yeas to 7 -nays ; the oth4r provis ion agaitist the furthar. introductien 'of ,Sla very,::.wasfstruck out 4 . 22 yeas tei, 16 nays. Thusernasculated, the bill was returned. to the Ilout.e, which on IMarch .2d, byia vote of 78 pays to . 76 yeas, 'refused its concurrence. The Senate adhered to - their r.r4tidnients; and the -11,ouse. by 781 yeas: to 66 .hays, ad hered' toltheir disagreements; and l' o so at this .session I the Missouri bill -was. lost t.f., and-here,, -,- . - ,was temporary triumph of Freedom..- Mtan'vhile the saute controversy- .Was re newed 'o c ir , ,the bill pending at 'the same tim'e for the Organization Of the Territory. Ofl Ar.- kans4s, then known as the southern part of. the. Territory of Missouri. The r6stnektons already Adopted, in the • Missouri bill' 'were. moved hyllir: TAYLOit, of New York, sub'se: flu . itly 't.f e4l: er ; but; after at . lea.4' six 'close I - • .voteS;ott the yeas and nays, in onlpf winch the . lintise was equally divided, 88iyeas to 88 nay.q thtl were lost.:; Another proposition by Mr. TAYI.on-; . simpleri in form, that. Slavery , Aould riot hereafter be introduced: ,into this' Territory,iwas lost bY 90 nays fO,'Bo Yeas; and the :Arkansas bill on February! : :25th was readilet third time and passed. 16 the Sen ' ate'Mr. Diltnin., of Rhode Island,',' moved as an amendment the prohibition of the further ' introlludtiron - of ..Slasery into thiS territory, *hie .viaS lost by 19! nays to 14 yeas. And tilt's,: without , any prqvision . for' freedom, A-r-. kansas was organized as a territory ;,andiere was a triumph of . slavery. -- . 'At this. same session, -Alabama Was admit- . ted* a.slave State, without any restriction ..1 or ohje4tion... -1 . , ... . ICwasin the disenssion on the Arkansas bill, 'at this session, . that we find the earliest suggestiOtt of a Coin promise. - Defeated in his efforts tt)Prohibit Slavery - in the fkrritory,Mr. Taylor Stated_ that.. he thought it 'important, thatlsodie line should 'be designatki beyond which Slavery Elioul4 not be permitted," and lie moved its prohibition hereafter ,in all ter ritories .Of, the - United - States north 'of 30 deg. 30 ritin4tiorth latitude, without any extePtion of Atisiouri•tchich is arth of .thisline. ' This proOsition,.thoughwithdrawn after debate, was pt tniCe welcomed by Mr. Lite.rmore i of New . Ilarnpshire, "as made in the true spirit. of compromise." It, was opposed hy Mr. Rhea, Of : Tenneee. bit - behalf of slavery, who avowed ": himself .agaiiiit every restiletiori i and also !byNr. Ogle of Pennsylvania; on . behalf of freedom; who. was' , ":against -- -any cpmpro- miss by which, SlaVery in any of the ,Territo s ties, should be TecOgnized or sanctioned -by Congretks." In thii spirit it was opposed and supported by, otheri almond whom was Gen. llarrisOn, afterWard.s• President of the United. !States, who assented to thel expediency of es tablishing some such line Of discrimination;" but proposed - a line:, due west from themouth of, the Des Moines, thus! constituting the northern and riot , the southern boundary of . A.lissouri, the partition line jbctween Freedom and Slavery. But this idea of CornprOmise, though sug- - - P , - --- b crested by Taylor was thus early adopted and vindicated in this Very debate, by'an eminent :character, .Mr.: Louts Mc4sz, of Delaware, who has since . held high officein the country, and enjoyed no common theaSure . of . public confidence. Of all the, lea'ding actoa iii these early • scenes, he, and Mr. Maacka alone are; yet spared. On this oc..casion'he said : . ; . ' "The fixing-of a line on the west. of the Mica- 1 sippi, north of which Slavery should not be tot er ted, had always been with k i im a favorite. policy, a d he hoped the' day was .not distant when up o principles of fair omprolltise, it might consti .l tt tionallv be effected.. The 'present . attempt he r ardedas premature?' • I - After opposing the restriction! on Missouri, 1 he concluded by declaringl: . l' ' . "At the same•time, I do not meinito abandoi - tho'poliicy to which I alleiled in thelConuence ment of my remark**. - i '-ithii* it but fair that both sections:ef the-Union should Lel -accomreo, • dated on this subject, i.vith regard to which 'go much feeling , has: been - manifested. !, The same. great motives of poliWwhieh reconciled Mundt-- inonized the jarring.* discordant 'elements of, cur system . Originally, and Which enabled the ire-, mereof our happy_ Constitution to Compromise the- different • interests; ,whiCh then prevailed on this and !other .subjee t ts:. if. preperly cherished by .us„will enable l us toiaclrievol sunilarlobjeets. If we meet upon. principles . of ireciproeity, we can rot fail to do justice to all. s, It has already been avowed, by gentlenien on this. !leer from the South and the West, that they will agree 'upon a ' line which. shall divide- the slaveholding from the .nomslavehOlding States. - It is this preposition I am anxious to-effect; but I wish toLtlffect it by some compact which ; shall be binding[ upon all parties and alli' subsequent LegislatUrps ; which cannot be Changed, And will not fluctuate with the'diversity of feeling,and of sentiment to which this empire,' in its rharcb,• Must be destined There is .a .vast.'andfimmenSe tract Of country, west of the Mississippi, yet to be Setilk end, in timately connected -With the!Northern isLetio n ; of the Union, Upon :which this Compromise 'con be eflictee - . ' i : . • The- tugge.4iori4 ,Compromise were at this time vani:; each, partk detcrulincit• TesenTatives,7 claimed all j for Freedom:;: the South, ( by its potential *command of the Sen ate, claimed all for Slavery.' • .The report report of this•debate aroused the tcOini try. For,tht ,first time in our history, Free dom, after an. animated struggle, hand. to hand, had been kept iii check, by Slavery.— The original policy, of our Fathers in the res triction of Slave was suspended, and- this giant wrong • threaiened to !.stzilk into all 'the broad natio=nal iloritain. Men at: the North were humbled midi amazed. The imperious demands of Slavery seemed incredible. Mean while, the whole' stiliject *as adjourned from Congress to the. ;people, .Through the , press ,and publie - ineeti&rs, an earnes.t.vmee was raised agai the admission of Missouri into the Union without the restriction of Slavery. Judges left the beneh and!clergymenthepui- Jiit, to swell the indignant protest which arose from good men, without distinction• of party or'pursuit-. ,The movement Was not confined to a few persons, nor Ito a few States. A public meet-, ing, at Trenton, in New Jersey, was followed by others in!,NeW York and . Pliiladelphia,and finally :It : l i Vereil..ter,, Salem, and - Boston, where committees were orrtanized!to rally, the country. , The eiti4ens of taltimere, convened at the courtdionse4 with the MavOr• in the chain re, so lvol that the future ailtnission of slaves into'h te States, hereafter formed west of the . ought ',•(:) be prohibited by Congress. Villages, towns, and ci .by-nie morial, petition,! and prayer, called upen-Con gress to indintlini the great . principle of the prohibition :Of Elatert, The same principle was also commended by 'the:resolutions of State Lcg,islaturei; ~..and Pennsylvania, in spired-by the teachings of , Franklin and the convictions f the respectable - denomination of . Fribnds; unanirriously asserted. at once the right and the duty - of Congress to prohibit SlayerV., - westl of theilississippi, and solethnly appealed ten her sister States *‘ to refuse to covenant with trinie." , New-Jersey and Del aware tollowied, both also - Amanirnonsly,Ohio - asserted the 'saline principle ;.r ant. The 14tier State,,not Content with pro- riding for-the futtre, severely censured one otitis Senators for his vote to organize ,Arkan sas with Out the prOhibition of Slitvory. The resolutions of Nor Fork were • reinforeed by .the recoinMendatiOn of De Witt Clinton. Aniidst this excitement, Congreg•Carnejo- . getter in Otember, 18-19, taking Posgession of them: Hal S - Ofthe capitol for the -?firt time. since their .d esolation. by the On the day after the receipt of thePresidenesiMe.si age, two se4eral Committeesof , ',the louse Were - constituted, One to Consider the applica tion of Maine, and "the . other of Missouri,' to enter the.taion as Seperate and itlepend chi States: ;IWithl only the delay of a: single day,. the bill for the .admisiion 'of, Missouri was reported to thellouse without , the-res triction-of Slaveryi; but, as if shrinking from. the immediate dikussion of . the gloat -ques tion it invelVeil, at terwards on.the motion of Mr. Mercer;i.'of Virginia, its consideration. was postponed for.seve,ral weeks ; h all whiCh f be it observed, is in open contrast with . the man hilein which the: present discus.sionlias'been precipitated upon I,CotigreSs.. Meanwhile, the Maine bill, ,When. reported to the Hotise,' Was promptly acted upon, and . sent to, the Sen ate. In the interval i between . the rePort,of the Missetiri - bill rind - its 'consideration' by the. Reuse, h . conmiittee.was,cOnstituted; on mo tion of Mr. Ta7l4, of Ncw York, to inquire ititO , tlr4 exp&henCy Of prohibiting the intro duction: of ; Slavery into the Territories =vest of the MisSiSsipPi . .. This cornmittee,• atthe end of a fortnight,' wins discharged froin' farther consideration of the subject. whichit, *as tin-. derstood, would ,dtiter into - the postponed de bate _on!the This early effoit . to interdict Slaveri , in the Territories. by a speeial,lav ! 4 , iS.Wertity of notice, or , account of soling of Ilie, , extotessions of opinion Which it drew forth: Iri ihe Course of iris remarks Mr; Tailoi declared; tbat • . " 11e :prestimed thero -.were no. inerahersl ho knew of none, who doubted - the eonitituttoinf 'power of Congresi to impose .sizett a restriction on the Ttirritories),' Mil • . A generous voice frinnlyirginitt mil 'at once the right and duty Of Congress. Tit was fibre Charles FentonlMercer; whndeel ed that ' - ' 1 '"I . , " When the question proposed should - come fairly hefore the House, he•slionld. support Oa proposition., Ho should record his vote L agninst suffering the dirk cloud of inhumanity, *hich now darkened his' Country;ifrom rolling on W. yond the pea,ceful shores of the Mississippi." I - At length on the 26th of January, die Housei.resolved itself into Committee of the Whole on the _Missouri liill,. and proceeded"' with its discus:ion day by day, till the 28th of February, when it:Was reported beat with amendments. But meanwhile the same qu4- tion Was presented to -the _Senate,., where ° a conclusion cot:erosion was reached earlier: 'than ine Houso.• A clause for the admission of Mi souri*lts tanked to.the Maine bill .:. To th s. an intendment was moved, by Mr. Robe . ~. - of Pennsylvania, prohibiting the tutther ip trodnotion of Slavery into the State,"._whieh after a fortnight's debatei was defeated by 27 ~ 'nays to 16 yeas. I • - . ' The debate in the . Senete was of unusn i d interest: and Splendor. It was especially;- lustrated by an effort of I transcendent pow r from that great lawyer and orator, WaLis i x Purpirr.- Recently returned from a recces,: •sion Of missions to foreign courts, and at this,, time the acknowledged chief of theAinerican bar, - particularly skilled in questiOrisi of con stitutional law, his course as a- Senator fro , Maryland, was calculated to produce a p i f! found impression. In a speech he drew _tot is chamber - an admiring throng for, two der s, and which at the, time was fondly compa+l with the - hest example of Greece and Rome, he liAt authoritively proposed and developed the . Missouri -Compromise...; His masterly et: fort seas mainly directei: against ther,estric don upon Missouri but it began land endpd with the idea of compromise. " Notwithstand ing,", he says, ' occasional appearances Int rather an unfav rable deiciiption, I have long since persuad m yself that the Afissori question, as it is called might be laid to rept, withjnnocence and setety, b y some conciba tory comproinise at least, by which as is ciur duty, we' reconcile the etremes of confiictibg views and 'feelings, without- any sacrifice lof Cons'titutional - pnnciples." Arid 'he cloie d with the how that , the restriction on Missou ri would not'be passed, but that the whble 'question "might be disposed of in a menner satisfactory. to all by a prospective prohibitto i n of . Sinvery in ro . e Territory ro the north_cg , d: 1 watt, htiifOliTtA re prOposition of \ *Oinir;ro; mice; from the most powerful advocate ° O le unccinditiottal ' admission of Missouri ' as, 'made in the Senate January 21st. Fr T in' 'variOus indications, it, 'steins to have found pronipt favor in that -body. Finally ; on she I7th of February, the Union of Maine rind Missburi in one bill prevailed in, the. Senate, by 23 yeas to 21 nays. I On , 'the next day, Mr. Thomas of Illinois, who had always voted with the South against any restriction upon Missouri, introduced the - famous claus.e.poo hibitino• Slavery north 0f.36 degrees 30 thin., whiCh now Constitutes the - eighth section' ofi the Missouri act. An effeit was made to'n elude the Arkansas Territory. within' this ro hibitiOn ; but the South I united against is I L extension of the area of Freedom; and it 4 - r.s ' defeated by '2'4 nays to. 20 yeas: ' The pro-' hibition ' as moved l,y Mr., TIIONIAS, then lire vailed by 34 yeas to only 16 -nays. AmOng ' ttioie in-the affirmative wereboth of the Sen- etors from each of the slave States, Louisitn na, i Tennessee Kentucky, Delaware, Mars -. land and Ala bama, and also one of : the Se.ba tors:from each of the slave States, Missi pi and; North Carolina, including in the non r, We list-the familiar . names of William Pli nev.,Tantes Brown and 'William Rufus trig. - This.bill, as thus amended, is the fiist leg islative-embodiment of the Missouri Cornriati or Compromise, the essential conditioLi of whielt. slv.ere, the admi.r,,ion of Missouri a a State *ithout 'any restriction of S.laveryi all . the;retnaining Territory Ofk. Louisiana so th of 36 deg. 30 min. This bill; thui compoSed, containing these two propositionsthisclo'xibs le measure—finally passed the Senate by a test. VOi4 of 24 yeas- to 20 nays. The yeas embraced every Southern] Senator except Na thaniel Macon. of North ;Carolina and Atil, limit Smith, of South Carblina. 1 - • lilt.. fkrurt, (interrupting.) Mr. Bail and voted with :lir. Smith.- I • I.' I • NT- ihe. Mr SUMNER. ,No sir. The n, ~ie of JOhn ' Gaillard, Senator from I South Carolin'iL is .1 found in favor of the Compromise. I sPetdi with the Journal in myhand, and now re tit that the yeah embraced every. Southern 4 . n- , ator l except, Mr. Macon 1 and Mr. Smit ~---- , , .The nays embraced every Northern Son ter,/ .. except the two Senators from Illinois and one Senator from Rhode Island, . and one Ony NeW Hampshire. And , this, sir, is the re (iiril of the first stage in the adoption ,of,tll.e, ' iss our. floorl. Compromise. First openly! lifingu ced and vindicated on the rof the / Senat by a slistinguished s,. rii. uthern stateMman, it was forced - on the North by' an almost, unani (Ms Southern vote. i 'While thin had thus/culminated i ' the Senate, discussion was/Still proceediu . in the other - House on / the original Missouri hill. 'This was for a / mon:tent arrested b the - reception from the'Senate of the Maine 'bill, embodying the Missouri Compromise. Upon thiC the debate' was brief and the decision prOmpt. But here, eve'n at this stage as at every 067; a Southern 'statesman intery ned. Mr., Smith o f Maryland, for .many yea nn t. . / - i eminent Senator 'of that; State, .but at this i tinie i , Representative; while opposing the F. - strietion on Missouri, vindicated the prohi "- thim of slavery in the Territories : i / Mr. S. Smith said, 'that he role principally with• a view to state his understandinv or . the prOosed amendment ,: viz: That it' retailie ')he boundaries of lithigentioris delineated' iti th b 1; th*t it prohibited the Admiiision of slaves *cat' of the west line of Missopii; aid_north of' the torth line • that it did not' interfere - ivith 'the l'e I . 9ty • if of[Arkansas or the uninhaßied land west, ere of; He thought the prepOsitioii ilia (deep ionii ble i-but doubted the propiletv of its forming! a part of the bill. He etiniddired the power lof COng,ress over the territory ta supreme, u/ limit ed, before Its admission i. teat Congreis co . la lin , pdee on . its Territories Otreistriepons itthotight proper ; That if citizens to into the Territories thin restricted, they- afloat cam'' , ,with jihem sbries. They will be without slaves, and will be educited With prejudices M3d habits inch - is will elteltide all desire On their_ part to admit I every When they shall lieeome sufficiently numei tiil to be admitted Mi.* State. ,end this ii the , mii tage,proposed by the amendment." -- , ißut the nonce WAS not dispcistati 'Atli, tit? the substantial - restriction of shiverk., its , snarl, for what seemed its unsubstantial , pro hibitien in an tinsettledlTerritury. Thei.Coni , + 11 : OcilOi r re: - P, $4)114 .• promise was rqiented, and the bill left y itt.its original condition. This was done briarge votes.. Even the i prehlibition of 'slavery 4ras : thrown out by 159 yeas to lEf nn, both the North and the South uniting ag nst it.- The Senate on receiving the bill back froth. As': - Houle, insisted On their amendine.nts, The Housein turn insisted art their disagreement. According to parliamentary usage, a COM mittee of Conference besween the,two Houses was appointed. Mr. Thom*. of Illinois, Mr. Pinkney, of II Maryland, and Mr.: games Bar bour, of Virginia, eomposed this important committee on the part of the Senate; imd Mr. Holmes, of Maine, Mr. Taylor, of New, York, M. Lowndes, of South Corolimy Mr, Parker of Massadhinetts, and Mr. Kinsey of New Jersey, on the part of the ouse. Meanwhile, the House had voited on the original Missouri bill. An amendment, Or emptorily interdicting all'SlaverY in the new State, was adopted by 94 yeasto tuiya ; and thus the bill passed . the Ho use, Ind was sent to the Semite, March Ist. Tha t after, an 4xaiperale4l acid protracted diieussion, the, two Houses were 'at a dead-lock. The doub le-headed Misswri , COmpromise, , was the ut. tiniatum - of the Senate. The restriction of ISlavery in Missduri, involving, dm:mire, its prohibition in all the unorgamsea Territories was the ultimatum of the House! . At this stage, on the •-2d ofijklareh, the Coinmitteepf Conference made-their import, which was urged at once uioon'the House by Mr. Lowides, the distinguished Belvieu:its.- tive from South carolipa, and Done of. ber most preciOus sons. And here,l sir,lat the . mention, of this name, yet fragrant amoarits, let me stop fdr one moment thia current of history, to express the tender admiration,witl which I am inspired.. Lowndes 'died before : , my recollection of politiCal evente ; but lie is endeared by'that single; sentiment—that the Presidency is an Office never to to sought— which, by its beauty, shames the..vileness of aspiration itqour day, and will ever live as an amaranthine flower." Such a Ulan at any time is a host ; - but he now threw his great heart into the work. He * objected- eren to a motion to print the report of the Committee, on the ground '5 that it would ittiily a deter- Mination m the House to delay a decision of the subject to day, ;which he had hoped the ' House -was fully prepared for: ) . ,The ques tion then came, on striking out the restric tion in the Mi.s.souii bill, The report in the National Intelligencei s.4s : JIL L .L ~,~v'recommeihr~sy the Committee" of Conference, and urged With great earnestness the propriety of a decision . Which Would restore trap quility to the country; 'which was demanded by every consideration of discretion, of, Moderation, of *isdom, and of virttic. • ' - "31r. BlEaczn, ofYirginin, Callowed on `the the same side with great earnestness, and had spoken ' about Judean hour, wheal he was cpmpel ed by rindisposition to resume his seat." i- -., In conformity with this report . th s - dist il turbing question as :at once pit at est. , , • 'Maine and 3fissouri.were each mitt into the' Union as independent Statii: The re- - striation of Slavery in Missouri was abandon ed by a vOte_in the - House, of 90 -yens to 87 nays; and the prohibition of Slavery in all territories north of 36 deg. 39 naith, excltt sive of Missouri, substituted by ti; vote of 135 yeas to 32 nays. Among the distinguished Southern `names in the affirmative; are Louia, 'McLane, of Delaware, Samuel' Smith, of Ma-I: ulartd, William toirndes, of South Carolina;; and Charles Frenton 'Mereer, of iVirginiff The title of the Missouri bill was amended in / conformity with this prohibition, by adding,,-_ , the words, "and to prohibit Slatery , in cer-',I I - I , tain Territories.: The bills , then passed ' both' ./' Houses without a division.; and on the Twiny( ing of the 3d March, 1820,.the .Nation4'.,k , .. lelligenceil contained -an einiting articleien titled': "lii r ie QUestion Settled." / - 1 , - , - • Anothe i paper, published in :/Baltimore; • immediately, after the passage/of/the COln- promise; vindicated it, as a perpe,tual c - om- pact, which ..coUld- not he /distu r bed. The : language is so clear and / / string that I will read it, although it has , .,len/nlready quoted - - by my able and; •mest /excellent I friend *Om Ohio, [Mr. CuisE.l / / . I - - "It is true the Cor6prpmise isslapported only - by the tetkt - of ,01/01*-, repealable by the an.. thority which enaCte it; -but the:circumstances , of the case givcjtli - kw a MORAL FeRE equal to: that of a positive revision of the tenstitution; and we do n'ot / ho=ril anything by,:saying that the Constitnt)dn exists in its Observance, Both parties haVemacrfieed much to Cenciliation. • We • -Wish to se the compact kept in good faith; and .N we trust that kind Providence- will open the we" to / relieve ns'of an evil which every good citizen deprecates as the supreine , curse of the , Country. -- --;,2yile's Register. . . , :Air, thetistingill'iaed leaders in this settle /it:tent were :III : from the &Aid]: As early ~as Fehmary, 1819, Louis Metine, Of Delaware, had, urged it upon Congress,..." by some corn - ' pact binding upon all - suis.equ'etit legislatures." It was in. 1820 brought forward and is field in the'Senate by William Pinknely, of Mary , land, and passed there by the vOte , of eiery . Southern . Senator _except two, apitist the vote of every, Northern Senator except four. -' It was welcomed in the • Muse .111-;.Samuel Smith, of 3faryland. - The Committee of Con-: Terence; through •I vihitit, .it finally prevailed,, : - was filled, on the par o f :the ' he Senate •with in flexible partisans of the SOuth e sl4..h , as, might 'f fitly represent the i,entiments of its President i pro tem., John .i3aillard, a Senator' from South ' Carolina ; on the part: of the nouse, it ltras".• nominated by HENRY Ctav; the Speaker and kepresentative,, frop Kentucky. , c.This cotn-1 mittee, tlitts constituted, ; drawing its,doubleq life from , the South; was uuanirneas in favor] of the Compromise. A privato I totter from - 1 , Mr. Prxic.lar, written at: the :time, and *pre-., served by his distinguished biographerehown! 1 that the report made by the cornmittee camOl frotn him: • 1 1 .. • "The bill for . ttse admission 'of MisaOuri into].: the Union (teithclit., restriction as to Slavery)par ;be CsitiAlderf:,;:i as past; That bill was Sentbaek, again this Moraine . from the . Housti, with theta strietion as to . Sla very. • The Senate 'ituted to , emend- it by striking' out: the restrietipik - (17 to': 10,) and Iproposed,'ns another amendmeht, whet' I have all along been the idvneate of, ft restrk: tion upon the vacant territory; to - the north and west, alto Slavery. - Taillight the Iloistior• Rep: ' • resentattves have agreed tnbeth ofithose mead , . mesas,. in opposition:to their forme - ' vetes, 'and this affair - is settled. To4norrow we isball (of e muse) recede our amendments as to Maine. (our Phject beituz effected) . - and both States WRY be ltdmitta. This happy result had Isiikaieom. - plow by .the Conferences of Mile& )1; was a Inernher on the part of the Senate, ,iand Of wfilih ; I proposed the reßort, which ha& ben - alaWl Thus stin the Compromise taketi Hi lit o friira the • Oh. Pt Oposed in the Clitillat4o 'by Mr, piekney, IA ;vas urged on 14 11011110 t _ Wrb `
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