5ili feKjjiwiai ' T-VUFrrwf :TrW gwapw SECOHD PART. THE MOVABLE DIM To Be the Chief Factor in the Improvement of the Mississippi. IT IS A FRENCH INVENTION, lint Will Dave to Be ImproYed for Use in Our Great Rivers. A DESIGN MASSIVE, BUT SIMPLE, TVhicli Will Control the Water by Opposing Weight to Weight. THE GEEAT BENEFITS SOKE TO EESULT PAPEK SO. 7. Oar gratitude is due to France for man y things; among those material for two great inventions the turbine wheel and the mov able dam. The turbine wheel did much to give to Xew England her early manufacturing pre eminence. The movable dam is to he the chief factor in the development of the Mississippi River system. "With it we can control the floods, put an end to the yearly damage and horror of over flow, and create in these rich valleys a net work of water transportation routes free to all the people, penetrating to every quarter, making possible the symmetrical develop ment of every section, bringing cheap food to miner and artisan, carrying cheap coal to ers and manufacturers, opening new is and quarries, bringing distant climes Ijiroducts into cheap and profitable ex- ?e, .ifting the mortgage from the farm, Rasing the earnincs of the people of trade and occupation, reducing the t o." food, of clothing, of houses, of tools, every necessary and every luxurv in (very corner of the land. Thus the thought France is Jo bless and enrich America and forever establish the Mississippi Taller in that station of proud pre-eminence hers by right of natural wealth and her straight thinking, hard-working, patriotic people. Movable dams have many advantages over permanent dams. The movable dam does not raise the flood level; the river so dammed can be controlled and trained to scour clean, maintain, deepen and improve its channel; and during high water stages navigation is not delayed by locks. Most important o. all, the movable dam can be so designed and operated as to develop and utilize to its fullest extent the reservoir luuction of the channels and so render prac ticable regulation of flood conditions in a more penect and far cneaper manner than is possible with any other device whatso everindeed without other outlay than that "desirable solely from its beneficial effect on navigation. A permanent dam, on the contrary, is a permanent obstruction to navigation, to the outfall, and to the work of channel im provement; it permanently raises the flood level, threatens and destroys by overflow lauds otherwise exempt, causes a wider spread and more destructive violence in time of flood, causes filling up and perma nent raising of the river bed, and destroys the navigable channel by retaining the silt and detritus; andiwhile bringing on this train of evils, prevents the use of the only efficient agent to correct them, to-wit, the scouring pawer of the river when directed by the art of man. But were the permanent dam free from all the above recited drawbacks, it has one prime fault which alone must condemn it. It does not utilize or develop the reservoir function of the water course. On the con trary, it impairs, and tends to destroy that ciot valuable property. As the heigh't ot the permanent dam is to the heieht of the river banks, so is the reser voir action reduced. As imported from Prance the movable dam is crude and adapted to small streams only. It is too slow of operation, toodelicat TrjXiiruiSartic-z hsiringjiy-CcirtmIrj iv- and unmanageable lor our great rivers. .For a limited use in small streams it has great merits in its present form. To give it an ex tended application in our colossal rivers Me must develop the idea along the lines of greater simplicity and massiveness of parts, Make itquic-er of operation and adapt it to be operated by powerful engines. A material improvement, bettering it for a narrow ranse of work, might be made by applying, hydraulic pressure to raise the wickets, thus placing all the sections of the Kructure under the control of an operator on ihe river bank. The use of high pres sure hydraulic engines in position not per muting of easy access and repair at all tunes i, however, liable to well founded oo jertions. A device operating with low pressures, add simpler and more massive in its parts Is juuch to be preferred, when it can be ad Vmtagcously applied. Such a device is Jurk'siuovable dam, which has merits of a -very lii.h order, and will donbtless have an extended use. Neither oi these forms of dam is, how ever, just the right thing for our rivers. In tliotc monster streams, massive simplicitv cud tremendous power perfectly controlled , must be the rules governing all designs. A form of dam is here suggested, few in parts, simple in construction, and. when operated by powerful engines, perfectly under the control of the operators. This dam is' formed of a number of huc hulks of cellular structure, closed at the lp and open at tile bottom, and operated bv charging the cells with compressed air under three to five pounds pressure, floating the bulks by expelling water from their mte- gjribk-?L-, riors, and then warping them into position by means of steel cables connecting them with winding engines on the banks or on steamboats. "When the hulks are in posi tion the compressed air is allowed to escape from the cells and the hnlks settle on the bottom. When it is desired to open the dam the hulks are floated, and can be turned up and down stream 'parallel with the cur rent, or towed to the bank and moored there. The river bed is prepared for the dam by simply leveling, if the bottom is hard; if the bottom is soft; a transverse sill dam must be TBASTSYE-S- SECTION SHOWING CELLULAR, OPEN-BOTTOMED STRUCTUBE OF DAM AND SILL SUNK BELOW LIMIT OP SCOURING ACTION. provided, of masonry, concrete, timber, or, what is probably best of all, mixed brush mattress and clav. Air controlled tubes would be provided to pass water when it might be undesirable to open the dam. These dams control the water by opposing weight to weight, ponderous structure to enormous pressures, have a massive sim plicity of design and operation, avast mar gin to provide against accident, no working parts in inaccessible places or under water, no parts of delicate, intricate or unusual constrnction. Tbese features make them cheap in first cost, simple in operation and easy to main tain. Their dimensions and weight are well within good practice, and they can be safely and rapidly handled by engines of quite moderate horsepower. The compressed air is used at pressures so moderate that any good positive blower or blast engine will operate them. Their cellu lar open-bottomed structure makes them safe from disablement by floating ice and loss, as a number of cells may be pierced without seriously impairing the buoyancy; permits the bulks to be lowered over large boulders or other irregularities of the bot tom, and enables repairs to be made at any time, by bolting on an air lock, compressing air into an injured cell, and expelling water therefrom so that workmen can enter. The necessary machinery is of so simple and usual a type that repairs and replace ments can be immediate; or tugs can be used to manipulate the parts of the dam. It will be observed that the hulks of the movable dams are substantially identical in struc ture with the hulks of the movable caisson jetties described in the fourth paper, and that the dams can be used for jetties, or the jetty-bulks lor dams quite indifferently. The cost of the dams will be low; $75 a ion will pay for the hulks. The weicht per foot must be sufficient to give them stability ( 0sai3Jn shawng ths dischaigs oT Kie IfssissJppa rfon !uufrt75 against the overturning effort of the re strained water. The cost of a dam 2,000 lonsr, 30 feet high and 40 feet wide, to re strain water in the upper level, ten feet above the lower level, would be: For the hulks .". $300,000 Laud, building and machinery .. 20,000" bill dams of mattress and clay. 100.TOO Wing walls andlocks..... 240.000 S0CD.000 Forty-four dams each 10 feet lift will be required between Pittsburg and Cairo, cost ing ?29,000.000, and will give a maximum depth of 20 feet in a channel 967 miles long, or at a cost of about 530.000 per mile about the cost of railroad construction. It is impossible with data at hand to esti mate the amount of land damage and bene fits. For the same reason the cost of ex tending the system to the tributaries of the Ohio, and throughout the Mississippi waters cannot be accurately estimated; but it will certainly be much iess than would be in curred by adopting other systems giving re sults in every way inferior, and less than would be incurred in building the same number of miles of railroad. The outlay while vast even with the most judicious managementwillbe repaid an hundred and a thousand times by the inestimable bene fits to be gained. It may be asked, why have onr engineers overlooked this important function of the river channels in serving as storage reser voirs lor the fload waters? The answer is that it has not been overlooked; but that the correlation of ideas the correlation be tween the reservoir effect of the channel and the functions of the movable dam, by which alone the improvement is practicable, has not been heretofore peiceived. The reservoir effect of the channel has been recognized as a mostimportant modify ing influence on flood discharges as is shown by the lollowing extracts from Humphreys and Abbott's "PhysicsandHydraulicsofthe Mississippi." "The next s.ep in the analysis is to determine the effect which, under the new conditions indicated, wonld have been exerted upon the maximum discharge by the moderating reservoir influence of the channel. As heretofore the river is made to speak for itself. "The rise iu December, 1857, admirably illustrates this influence, since the water was then entirely confined to the channel, and the effect of crevasses is thus eliminated from the problem. This rise was at its height (8,0 feet below high water of 1858) I I 1 V, I ' I I I 1 March April May Jifte July August September Oct ' anfn-ir-. - y ? -i&z-. , ;Pg: I e a V ". ma I 1 1 1 1 1 ' t THE FITTSBURG DISPATCH. at Columbus on December 21, the maxi mum discharge being 1,190,000 cubic feet per second. The St. Francis river was backed up, and contributed nothing. At Napolean the rise attained its highest point (7.1 feet below high water of 1858) on De cember 28. On December 29 the measured discharge of Arkansas river was 65,000 cubic leet per second. On January 1 the river had lallen 2.2 feet at Napolean, and the measured discharge ot Arkansas river was 9,000 and of White river 48.000 cubic feet per second. It is evident, then, that these two rivers must have added at least 100.000 cubic feet per second to the toD of the flood wave as it passed. At Yazoo river, according to accurate data, it received 45,000 cubic feet per second more. At the top of the flood at Natchez, which was 8.3 feet below hieh water, 1858. the discharge then should have been 1,190,000 plus 100,000 plus 45,000 equals 1,335.000 cubic feet per second. It was measured dn January 8, when the river had fallen l.G feet, and was found to be 845,000 cubic feet per second. Allowing a very liberal estimate for diminution of discharge at this date, the rise, when highest, could not have carried past Natchez more than 935,000 cubic feet per second. How, then, is this enormous difference of 400,000 cubic feet per second to be accounted for? "Only in one way. "The reservoir, furnished by 650 square miles of channel between Columbus and .Natchez, absorbed it all. "This is an extreme case, because such a rise at so low a stage is almost unprec edented, but it plainly shows that so im portant an element cannot be neglected in discussing the subject of river floods. ,Tne only other rise in the flood of 1858 which produced a sensible oscillation in the lower river was that which occurred near the end of March. This, then, was the only other rise sensibly modified by the reservoir influence of the channel. It was highest at Columbus on March 28-29, when it was G.1 feet below high water,of 1858; at Memphis, on April 2, wnenTPwas 1.8 feet below the same flood; and at Helena, on April 4, whe,n it was 3.8 leet below the same flood. It was of very short duration, and did not break the levees of the St. Francis bottom. Tery little water entered these swatups,.and its volume was counterbalanced by the excess of the discharge of the St. Francis over 30, 000 cubic feet per second. This river was pouring ont a flood of rain water from up land as well as swamp drainage. The max imum discharge at Columbus in this rise was 1,130,000 cubic feet per second. It was increased 30,000 cubic feet per second by the St. Francis river, and should therefore have been 1.160,000 cubic feet per second at Helena. The actual discharge at Helena was 1,020,000 cubic feet per second. The difference between these two quantities, 140,000' cubic feet per second, is the measure of the reservoir influence ot the af V1cksiKS$&CJa(umbus in Ite fbod of 1S53 aid Abooft Report -u 250 square miles of channel between those two places. "Let us trace this rise still further down the river. On arriving at "Vicksburg it had lost 75,000 cubic feet per second by crevasses and received 225,000 cubic feet per second Irom the Arkansas, "White and Yazoo rivers. It should then have amounted to 1,170;000 cubic feet per second. It was measured and really amounted to 1,145,000 cubic feet per second ; the difference, due to the reservoir influence of the channel being 25,000 cubic leet per second. The com paratively small amount of this effect in this part of the river is explained by the comparatively small and gradual oscil lation of the river surface, so clearly shown by diagram. Below Vicksburg this in fluence noon the maximum discharge be came practical! v unimportant, amounting only to some 5,000 cubic feet per second at Bed river landing. "The above are data collected bv the sur vey from which we uay estimate the numer ical value of this important influence which the channel exerts in moderating the max imum discharge in floods. They are by no means all that establish its existence. A single glance at diagram is conclusive upon this point. The enormous and evidently normal differences constantly exhibited be tween the discharge measured at Columbus and at Vicksburg are susceptible of explana tion in no other way. The channel is evi dently an immense reservoir into which the floods of the tributaries are successively poured. In the upper river this produces the constant oscillation which every gauge record of the survey exhibits. In the lower river the channel becomes a simple drain from a lake, tho supply of which is main tained by the successive contributions of the tributaries in all parts of the valley. "Floods in this part of the Missouri are to be little reared below the Ohio. It is the sudden rise in the lower tributaries which work the ruin below. Floods in these upper branches are nearly expended in the vast reservoir of the channel, and have but little influence upon the oscillations at St. Louis. "The floods of the Arkansas are particu larly disastrous to the lower Mississippi. The operations of. the survey establish the fact that a given quantity of water intro duced into the channel at the bead of the alluvial region produces a less rise in the lower river than the same quantity added by one of the lower tributaries. This effect Continued on Tenth Page, jmJi L5& nfll ik -P3 : pittsbukg, Saturday, PBIDE OF THE STATE To Be Properly Upheld at the World's Fair by the Legislature. PEOSPECTS OP AN APPE0PKIATI01". Secretary Brewer Discourses Entertainingly on the Subject. WHIT WAS DONE FOB -HE CENTENNIAL Eben Brewer, of the Canal Commission, who is also Assistant Secretary of the Na tional "World's Fair Commission at Chicago, was asked by a Dispatch reporter yester day, whether an appropriation wonld be made by the State of Pennsylvania in aid or the "World's Fair. He said: "It is too early now to speak definitely on that subject. I see that Governor Beaver, in his message, strongly advises such an ap propriation on the part of our State, and his recommendation will go a great way in aid of such action. Pennsylvania certainly ought to make a liberal appropriation and see that her most prominent industries are adequately represented at the "World's Fair. Organized action will probably be taken in almost every State and Territory of the "Union to secure such exhibits, and Pennsyl vania is the last State that should be behind in such a matter. "When Pennsylvania held the first inter national exhibition of America, the Centen nial, no less than 26 States and Territories made liberal appropriations in aid of their exhibits at Philadelphia. The money given outright to aid in the organization of State work and the collection of creditable ex hibits for the Centennial was nearly half a million dollars. It is not at all likely that Pennsylvania, after receiving such benefits from her sister States, will neglect the only opportunity she will have, in our genera tion, at least, to show her appreciation of the aid given the Centennial, and to return it in some degree. What Was Done far the Centennial. "I was looking over some reports of the Centennial a day or two ago and jotted down the amounts of the different appro priations made by States and Territories at that time. I don't think they have ever been published, and it would be an interest ing piece of information to put in type. The amounts were these: Arizona S 5.000 Massacbusott ...50,000 Michigan 7.500 Minnesota. .. .. 500 Mississippi 6,000 Montana. 5,000 Nevada 20,000 New Hampshire. 18.500 Arkansas 15,000 Colorado. ..j,... 10.000 Connectlcu; 25.000 Delaware 12,001) City of Wilming ton ... S.000 Illinois 10,000i NewJersey 24,000 New York 8S.O00 Ohio 45,500 Oregon 4.000 Kaodelsland.... 7.100 Indiana a.JU Iowa 20.000 Kansas 30.0C0 Kentucky... 5.000 Maine .'.:... li(M) Maryland 15,000 West Virginia.. 20.000 Wisconsin .. 22,000 In addition to her liberal appropriation for the expenses of collecting exhibits tor the Centennial, the State of New Jersey subscribed outright for $100,000 of the stock of the enterprise, so that her actual appro priation was 8124,000." "Will the States be more liberal now than they were in 1876?" Some States Now in' Better Shape. "The Centennial occurred so shortly after the close of the war that a great many of the leading Southern States were not in a financial condition to give any money. Their situation is very much changed now, and it is anticipated that some of the most liberal appropriations for the Chicago "World's Fair will come from the South. The people of Texas are talking of appro priating $500,000. The State of Iowa, which gave $20,000 to make a display at tho Centennial, appropriated S50, 000 more than a year ago for the organ ization of a State board to collect exhibits for the Chicago "World's Fair, and it is not at all unlikely that she may give $50,000 more before the fairis open. I notice in dis patches from San Francisco that the Governor of California recommends an appropriation of $1,000,000 to pay for an elaborate exhibit ot the industries and resources of that State. States that are developing great natural re sources and are seeking to attract immigra tion, will, of course, expend moie money in display at Chicago than the older States, in which industries are already largely de veloped, and where immigration is not sought for. The older States ought, bow ever, to make exhibits of their progress in industry, art and general puolic economy, and in this respect there is no State in the "Union that can excel Pennsylvania if a very little attention is given to proper organiza tion at an early day. "How will the work be undertaken in Pennsvlvania?" "It is the intention of the "World's Fair Commissioners Irom this State to make a recommendation to the Legislature as to the amount of money which Pennsylvania should devote to this work and to secure the introduction of a bill on the reassembling of the Legislature next week making provision for the organization of a State Board, with money euough to pay its expenses. Necessity of Immediate Organization. "I have seen and talked with a very large number of Representatives aud Senators in this State since December 1, and I have yet to find one who is not in favor of Pennsyl vania's making a creditable display at Chi cago, and all are agreed that the only way to do it is to provide for an immediate or ganizttion which shall embrace every sec tioirof the State ami all our industries." "Is the National Government doing what it should to aid the lair?" "The United States Government has been exceedingly liberal toward the Columbian Exposition in pledging at least $1,600,000 iu aid of the work of organization, and to provide for a magnificent special display, illustrating the fuuctions of the various ex ecutive departments. .Not less than $400,000' will be spent in the buildings alone fof the Government exhibit." "Is work going ahead satisfactorily at Chicago?" "Work is progressing very rapidly and favorably iu all the departments of the World's Fair that are now organized. The most important appointment made since the selection of the Director General is that of Major Handy, ot Philadelphia, as Chief of the Department of Promotion and Pub licity. Major Handy has a very large ac quaintance among newspaper men of this country ahd foreign countries, and is a man full of resources and with valuable experi ence at the Centennial. He was appointed the last week ot December, and has already accomplished a vast amount of work in organizing his department Director Gen eral Davis and Major Handy were in New York Monday and Tuesday, in consultation with the Committee on Foreign Affairs, of which Chauncey Depew is Chairman, and which is' the only committee to which the commission has given any independent power or for which Congress made any special appropriation. ' A Metropolitan Office to Be Opened. "The object of the meeting fa New York was to provide for the organization of the Department of Foreign Affairs, and during the session of the committee on Tuesday, a resolution was passed calling for the estab lishment of an office in New York City for the transmission of intelligence regarding the fair to all foreign countries, and at the same time to furnish a bureau where general business with all the Eastern States could be transacted directly without waiting for special orders Irom Chicago." "Are any other department ohiefs to be named at once?" "Iu connection with the visit of General jaotjary 10, is.i. Davis and Major Handy to New York and their consultation with the Committee on Foreign Affairs, a meeting of the Committee on Fine Arts, of which Hon. A. G. Bullock, of Massachusetts, is Chairman, 'was also held, and I see by the telegraphie reports that the committee is likely to recommend Henry G. Marquand, of New York, chief of the Department of Fine Arts. This ap pointment would be extremely satisfactory not only to the artists of America and for eign countries but to all intelligent patrons of the fine arts and to collectors generally. Mr. Marquand has been for a number of years President of the Metropolitan Mus eum of Art, and by taste, education and experience is admirablv fitted for the position mentioned. To fill the position ot Art Director, well a man is required who is not only known and respected by artists, .1 but who Is associated with collectors all over the world. The "World's Fair must not rely for the success of its fine art department on contributions from artists aione, but mntt pnt under tribute the most famous, public and private collections of this country aud Europe, and there is probably no man in America better able to reach the custodians ot such collections than Mr. Marquand. The Centennial Exposition was fortunate in securing the finest collection of modern British paintings ever 'seen in the world. No exposition has been held even in Eng land which included so many and such valuable modern pictures. They were loaned by towners at the personal solicitation of "the British Commissioner undertaken by request of a number of prominent connoisseurs in Philadelphia. New York's Fositlon Toward Chicago. "Are the New Yorkers going to turn in and help the Fair?" "They are alreadv doing so and the "establishment ot the "branch office in New xots. win materially aid tne worms Fair, as it will be a uonrce of accurate in formation regarding the progress of the work in Chicago, which has been up to this time greatly lacking in the East. As soon as the newspapers of New York and other Eastern cities are able to find out exactly, through this local force, what is going on from day to day, their interest in the "World's Fair will be very greatly in creased, they will give more and better news regarding it, and the interest of the general public will be aroused to a degree which has not hitherto been possible. "There is general apprehension lest European countries should fail to make satisfactory exhibits. "What ate the pros pects in that direction?" "The prospects are extremely favorable, and vigorous work is already begun under the direction of General Davis, to whom the Foreign Affairs Committee has con fided the expenditure of the appro priation made lor their special use. One of the most important functions of the department of promotion will be to attract the attention of European manufacturer to the advantages they will gain by exhibiting in Chicago) in spite of the' fact that tbey will have to go a long distance from the At lantic seaboard to reach the Exposition. It was laughable to read during the recent po litical campaign, the statements in various Western papers to tb'e effect that the McKin ley bill was going to keep foreign exhibitors away from the Exposition and consequently detract from, its international character. No man who has an intelligent idea of the mar kets sought by European manufacturers, can for a moment entertain any such appre hension. . One Feature Never Before Had. The Chicago Exposition will have one feature which no previous international Ex position has ever had, and that is a series of extensive and carefully organized exhibits from all theLatin-American nations. Rep resentatives of the fair who are officers of the United States navy and army have been appointed to visit every one of these coun tries, and remain until an adequate exhibit of its resources is arranged for. These Latin-American countries afford the best existing market for the various r rod nets of the European manufacturers and these manufacturers have never had before, and never will have again, so good an op portunity to meet the representatives of the commercial interests of the Latin-American States, as they will have at Chicago in 1893. One of the niatn objects of the Pan-American Congress of last year was to get these peo ple interested in the manufactures of the United States, and to win, it possible, a share of their business away from European nations, who now practically have the nhole of it "It makes no difference what the Euro pean manufacturers think about the mar kets of the United States or about the Mc Kinley bill, their largest interests on this continent are iu the markets of Central and South America. Tbey now control that trade, and they will go to any length to prevent the United States from getting that trade from them. European manufactur ers understand perfectly that the trade ot Central and South America is likely to be lost to them entirely unless they make a desperate struggle at Chicago to retain it in opposition to the growing competition oi American manufacturers and merchants. This consideration alone insures a large and representative exhibit of the industries and manufactures of every important European country." HOW to Dress the Baby, hy the Conntess Annie de Montalgu In THE DISPATCH, to morrow. Columns of select matter for women and young: folks. A COUNTEE-EniNG GANG CAPXUBED. Some Are Taken In Detroit and Some on Canadian SoIL Deteoit, Jan. 9, Three months ago a man named Ben Davis was arrested here for passing bogus dollars, and he gave im portant information to the Secret Service officers. M. M. Mulhall, one of tho officials of the service, made the acquaintance of Thomas Turnbull, who said he got counter feit money of John and Edniu Stinsou. Mulhall was introduced to the Stinsons as a crook who was an expert in passing counter feit money. Wednesday night he decoyed Edwin Stinson to this city to deliver 60 bonus dollars at, a certain saloon, and had him arrested. Stinson gave information that a large quantity of counterfeit coin and parapher nalia for rnakiug the same might be found in a cornfield near hU father's house at St Clair Siding, about 28 miles Irom Windsor. Mr. Mulhall, accompanied by some Amer ican and Dominion officials, went to St. Clair Siding and arrested John Stinson, the father; William and James, his sons; Mrs. Doodley, the housekeeper, and Thomas Stoddard. All were locked up at Windsor. The officers found on the premises a large amount of United State's counterfeit coin and a lot ofniolds and tools. Officers theD came to the city and arrested Fiher, an electrician. Fisher is charged with being a mold maker. Edwin Stinson and Fisher, who were captured on this side, will be tried here, while the others will be tried in Canada. The mold, said to have been made by Fisher, is a fine piece ot work. THE BEPOST "WAS TWISTED. Agent Berryman Secures n Verdict of Sev eral HundredDollarsAgalnstaPlamber. Agent Berryman, of the Humane Society, was much worried yesterday over the pub lication of the lact that C. H. Gumbcrt bad secured a verdict of $226 against him for damage, when in fact it was the other way. Mr. Berryman is one of the best known horsemen and trainers in the State. The trouble occurred in 1881 and 1889 when Mr. Berryman was the proprietor of the Bidge wood Stock i'arm and Mr. Gatnbert boarded some of his stock there. The bill was dis puted and it was Mr. Berryman who se cured the judgment. FRANK O, CARPENTER tells some new stories of Lincoln In TUB DISPATCH to morrow, beside giving fresh gossip about Imralls and other pablla men. TO YOUNG CITIZENS. The First of a Series of Letters Writ ten by Prominent MeD. INFLUENCE OF AMERICAN IDEAS And Institutions Upon the Other Nations of the World. 0DK GQY-KKMEXT A POTENT AGENCY rwBirizir VOR TUB disf-tcb-.i The young citizen of the Bepublic should study carefully the reflex influence of pur institutions on other nations and peoples. Though the United States are separated by broad oceans from other countries, the fact of distance over sea tends rather to make our social and civil forms more conspicuous in the eyes of the peoples abroad. Men become interested in the things seen afar, especially when the vision includes such a marvel as is presented in the history of the American Bepublic First of all, our Government itself our form of government has been a potent agency in influencing the political society of foreign countries. Our democratic Be public was, trom the first, contagious. The achievemeut of independence gave an ex ample to Europe and the world of civil liberty. It was in the nature of a successful precedent Here was a proof, a livinc in stance, of the truth of what the French philosophers had already been saying in the "Encyclopedie Francaise." Frenchmen of 100 years ago reasoned thus: Freedom in America is not a delusion and a snare. The Ameriaans have demonstrated the truth of the rights of man as declared by our favorite author. Therefore France may do the same. Popularity of Franklin In France. This reasoning, half-silent and half avowed, was the secret of the popularity of Franklin at the French Court, x'-fto Abbe Baynal, speaking of the Americans in 1781, cries out: "Their honored names shall be transmitted to posterity by a happier pen than mine. Brass and marble shall show them to the remotest ages. Iu beholding them the friend of freedom shall feel his heart palpitate feel his eyea float in de licious tears!" Mirabeau, standing in the tribune of the National Assembly, ex claims: "I ask if the nations have dared to read the American Declaration, or to in terrogate their consciences after the perusal. I ask whether there be at this day one gov ernment in Europe the Helvetic and Batavian confederations and the British Isles excepted which, judged after the principles of the Declaration of Congress on the 4th of July, 1776. is not divested of its rights." It is impossible to determine with pre cision how much the success of our Bepubli can experiment contributed as an exciting cause of the great revolution in France; but it was certainly one of the potent influences which combined to upheave French society, to overthrow the Bourbon throne, and to give a new political direction to modern Europe. The pens of Jefferson and Paine, the oratory of the Adamses, the sword of Washington, and the constructive genius of Hamilton prevailed not only in America, but to a certain extent in every civilized country of the Old "World. The Progress of Republicanism. Still more strongly has. the same influence spread among the other governments of the American continents. Eve4 the tyro iu history is able to note the rapid progress of Republicanism in nil the countries of our three Americas. The conservatism of the Spanish race.its strong monarchical proclivi ties and general subserviency to the priest hood, have not been able to withstand the example and impact of American democ racy. True, the Bepublic of Mexico is not a shining example of political excellence; but it may well be cited as a glorious in stance of "a revolution which was lighted with torches brought from the North. In the South American States the same effects are referable to the same cause. Our republic has been to all these peoples, whether Spanish or Portuguese, what Lord Bacon would call a, "fortnsbowing instance" of emancipation and progress. All the an archistic wars aud seemingly chaotic strug gles of the South American nations, have tended strongly and constantly to the re production of new forms of liberal govern ment, of which our own bus been the pro totype. Our other American institutions have in like manner diffused themselves as seed sown on distant shores. The American idea of public education by the State foreran by a long period the similar movement in Great Britain. The young citizen must be surprised to note the fact that "William E. Forster, leader of all the recent educational reforms in Enclaud, has in no instance gone beyond the well-established precedents and methods of our American public schools. While America has copied her institutions of higher learning from the Old World, and perhaps not improved them, the nations abroad have been constrained to accept the American public school system and the principles upon which it is based as the best and truest which the experience of mankind has yet been able to devise. Charitable Policy of America. The same thing may be said respecting the use which other na'tions have made of American philanthropic aud charitable in stitutions, such as those for the protection and education of the blind and the deaf and dnmb, and for the care of the insane. In Europe nearly all institutions for the bene-' fit of these unfortunate classes, and even in stitutions for the poor, have been the pro duct either of religious davotion or of pri vate philanthropy. Iu scarcely any civi lized country other than our owu has the public policy been systematically adopted of providing for the welfare and in struction of the unfortunate classes at the expense and under the direction of the State. It is in America that the most praiseworthy and marvelous things in this direction have been achieved. taught as in the asylums of the United' States; and in no other has the tongue ot tue dumb found Buch utterance, or the wild cry of the insane'been hushed with such humane and rational treatment. Every young citi zen should read with tearfn sympathy the, storv of Laura Bridgeman s told by Dickens in his "American Notes," or as recorded in thefourthvolniueol tne"Smith soninn Contributions to Knowledge." Many of the minor institutions and nsages of American society ahd citizenship have in like manner ennght the sympathy of foreign nations and been adopted by them, as the best existing results of moderu civilization. These Influences have been shed abroad by our country as far as the Oriental nations. The student of history has within the past year beheld the pleas ing spectacle rf the adoption of an enlight ened Constitution bv the Japanese Empire. In studying that instrument he shall be astonished to note that In every part except so much as relates to the Emperor and his household the Constitution of tno Ameri can Bepublic was used as tho model aud pattern of the whole. JOUif Clack Eidpath. THE DISPATCn 'has a Special Corre spondent at the seat or the Indian War. It will give you all the" news at all times. Gould' Grip on the Atchison. New York, Jan. 9. An authorized statement wus given out this afternoon to the effect that Jay Gonld had not obtained control of the Atchison Railroad by pur chase, as has been reported, but that he and Bussell Sage and their lriends held more Atchison securities now than ever belore. KATE ELLWOOD: OE, WHO WILL BY G. "W. Solomon EUwood, or "Uncle Sol," as he was commonly called, was an eccentric old gentleman. Ear 23 years he had done busi ness in Boston, living, except in winter, nine miles out in the little town of S . He was the founder and senior member of the firm of EUwood, Stoddard & Co. His re markable business qualifications bos given credit to the firm abroad, and bence bis whims and eccentricities were treated most leniently by his partners, and most reveren tially by the clerks. Uncle Sol was nearly 70, and be realized that he was growing old, that the evening of life was fast approaching. He often sished for the retired comforts of a home, but who should take his place in the firm was a ques tion often asked, but never satisfactorily an swered. And Kate, bis sweet, accomplished daughter, who, since the death of bis wife, bad been the light of bis home, the fond pride of a father's heart, Kate, whose intellect was ccly equaled by her many virtues, could make the old "Chickering" breathe melody by her touch; the cook wonld often place her arms akimbo and wonder at Kate's skill in the prepara tion of some favorite dish for her father. At needlework and embroidery she was an adept, and always industrious. She bad graduated at one of the most popular female seminaries in New Tor-, and in a moment when the fear ot losing her was strong upon him, her father bad exacted a promise from her that she would never marry without bis full consent and approval. For several years Uncle Sol bad devoted much time and study to the game of draughts. This was one of his eccentricities. He bad a mathematical mind, and found in this deep game sufficient ground for philoso phizing. Kate, to please tier father, had learned to be an accomplished draughts player, nsually drawing and occasionly win ning with her father. Of all the village players she was his most formidable oppon ent. True, young Eveleth sometimes drew, but never won. Hinklev Eveleth was the son of Judge Eveleth, and recently admitted to the bar. His father was rich, and bad given his son a post-graduate course at Yale, afterward finishing at the Boston Law School. Hink ley was a young man of some ability, aud his father was well known throughout the Commonwealth as u sound and able ex pounder of jurisprudence. A month pre vious he bad proposed to Kate, and the re sult was explicit enough to be unsatis factory. Kate. liked him well enough he bad been her playfellow in childhood and when she consulted her father on what had occurred, he Baid: "My dear child, there is not a young lady in S who would not jump at such an offer; but I sometimes fear that the stories of Hinkley's dissipation at col lege are too true. I am constrained to ad mit bis ability, by the scientific manner in which he manipulates his pieces at draughts. You are at liberty to accept or reject." That evening Kate, like the wise girl she was, wrote to Hinkley aud informed him she was unprepared to give a decided answer, aud the matter, for the present, might remain unsettled. A day or two after this interview with his daughter, Solomon Elwood sat in his office on Uroad street, Boston, carefully conninir his ledger when a knock was heard at the door, and in response to "Come in," a young man entered. His dress denoted long usage, but neatness and care; bis boot was marred by a hole in the side, but it was polished brightly. Taking off his hat he said politely: "I hope I do "not intrude, sir?" "No intrusion, young man," said Uncle Sol with bis cus tomary urbanity. "Be seated." "My name is Forest "Worthington, sir, and I called in to answer an advertisement which I noticed in this morning's Herald." "Yes, yes," said the old gentleman, "we advertised for a bookkeeper; where do you reside?" "In Lewiston, Me." "And from what institu tion did you receive your knowledge of bookkeeping?" queried the old merchant. "From Prof. G. Boardman Smith's Com mercial Colleee, in hit native city." "Hump! I have heard of him; he is a lair checker player, is he not, this Professor?" "He is considered so, I believe." "I have met him." "Across the board?" inquired Mr. "Worthington, quickly. Uncle Sol nodded. "And may I enquire the result?" "O, certainly," returned the old man, carelessly; "oue for the Professor, three for me and eight draws. But probably you are not especially interested in 'Sweet Datnetb,' although I wish you were, for no better cri terion of a young man's ability exists. Mr. Stoddard," said the senior member, as bis partner was at that moment passing the door, "have you filled Mr. Mason's place yet?" "I think I have, sir. I received a letter from my nephew this morning, and I in formed him be could have the place." . Mr. Elwood bowed and said "Very well," and Mr. Stoddard passed on. Forest Worth ington rose to go. As.he moved toward the door he said: "I presume there is no other place in your establishment in whieh I could earn invseli and widowed mother au hon est livelihood?" Before he conld receive an answer the office door opened and a boy entered. "Mr. Elwood, here is the board you ordered made at my father's shop," banding him a beauti ful draught board of the regulation size and composed ot alternate squares of ebony and wlutewood. "Father said he hoped you would excuse him for not haying it done sooner, but work has been very pressing," said the boy, as he quitted the office, leaving the two former occupants admiring the board together. "Sir," said Forest "Worthington, with bis eyes glistening brightly and a crimson spot burning on either cheek, "I trust you will pardon me, but I should feel honored were I to have the pleasure of being one of the parties to dedicate that beautiful board." "What! do you pla?" asked the aston ished owner ot the board. "But lairly, sir." "Be seated', young man," said Uncle Sol, at the same time drawing forth a small pasteboard box and emptying its contents of 24 pieces on the board. Uncle Sol chose the black men, and played 11 to 15. The young man formed the "Ayrshire Lassie." Silence reigned until the twenty-eighth move, when the old gen tleman said, "That lust move of yours loses; your play up to that point is splendid bnt I conld not expect you to play the great Wyllie's game without nn error; 31 to 27 is your correct move, if you wish to retract" Forest, somewhat surprised at the old gentleman's candor, said: "I learned to play strictly in accordance with the rules, u ml", besides, you will pardon me if I veniure to say that uiy last move is a sound one. His opponent smiled good naturedly as he said : "You will have reason to change your opinion ere long," and the play con tinued. In five moves the whites had sacri ficed n piece, bnt liberated a king, which, now advancing rapidlv upon two unpro tected men in the center and forcing them to thelside of the board, held them; then inarahliug bis remaining forces in such fine order that in a few more moves Solomon EUwood was-compelled to enter "neither party," and the game was drawn. But in the second game Untile Sol was de termined to win. He pressed his adversary harder and harder, and wheu the men stood as sh'own .on the following diagram be shrugged bis shoulders with satisfaction, WIN HER? BBOWN. while bis opponent, whose turn it was Eta play, bent over the board in profound Study, Black. White. Black (Mr. Worthington) to move. Uncle Sol noticed the severe mental strata with which he was taxing himself, and said: "Wyllie could not draw your game; is it not useless to continue farther?" Mr. Worthington raised his eyes for a moment and said, "Down in Maine we never claim a game until it is won," and played 37. The reply came immediately, 1815. Aa exchange would now give him the move of the black king, and again he rubbed his hands in glee as black played 2125. To sooner was it played than 1510, 714, 9 18 and the old man executed a motion of the hand indicative of "that settles it," and began to gather up the men for another placing. i With an effort Forest commanded his countenance sufficiently and played 2024. 27-11,25-30. ' "Ah! what's this?" exclaimed Uncle Sol as be jumped up ond kicked his chair over backward. "Thunder and blazes! if that isn't a good one," and the old man laughed heartily. "Young man, give me vour hand. I acknowledge a good thing," and Forest modestly extended his palm. "Beat ma again, Mr. "Worthington, and as sure as the sun rises the bookkeeper's situation in this establishment shall be yours;" and both men excitedly replaced the pieces. The old gentleman's 1115 never seemed as powerful to Forest as now, and he thought of his mother and his sister Laura, and how much depended on his winning. He had determined, if possible, to play the "Maid of the Mill," but at black's reply to 22 17 came the ominous 1519, and he was forced into the "Dyke." Below is the game in full, and never was a came played more deliberately: i Imp 'm "-15 12-1 8-11 Jl-2) I 10-13 22-17 217. 24-15 27-23 29-25 17-13 14-li 15-19 I 10-19 4-8 7-11 K--14 23-18 25-a 2J-K 31-27 What's nn nnw?" thnnhf hv-o.t . (,.. care.ully surveyed the board. It was evi dent he could capture a piece, but conld be retain it? In two minutes he took bis move, 2G 23, and it will be seen that for sixteen moves each player was coerced by the other, and that at the thirtieth move had blacks plaved 1923, instead of 8 ll.whites would have won by 2522, 811, 1410, 615, 13 gf-eic The game proceeded as follows: 28-2.1 1 11-10 t 20-23 1 S-lt I 1S-11 1 2-25 8-11 I SO-3G J-S 25-22 6-9 11-7 23-14 15-19 I 22-17 I 11-15 I IS e I 2S-30 Uncle Sol breathed easier and fixed his eye on 27. Forest saw that it would soon ba bis turn to play with a man less, and the DlacK King advanced another square. 30-2S 3 S 2S-31 8-11 31-21 11-15 5 9A 6-9 CI 1722 17-14 B 9-18 15-2! 16 !-2 21-17 9 13 I 17-14 I I3-J7 I 2S-3t 2S-17 24-27 32-23 19-2B Drawn (A) The only move to draw. (1J) The best; Tor ir 1713, then 19-23. (C) lfS-lO then white wing or 21 17. As the game ended in a draw Mr.Elwood said with marked respect: "Mr. Worthing ton, the intellectual ability you have shown in your play to-day has much significance to me. I see that you feel hurt that you did not win. That was my favorite gambit. I acknowledge you played with superior skill, and I would like to have such a plucky -player in my employment. You may Call at this office to-morrow morning at 9 o'clock, and in the meantime I will con fer with Mr. Stoddard in relation to that nephew." The young man shook the merchant warmly by the hand aad went forth upon the street with a kindly feeling toward the first man in Boston who had given him, cause to hope. Tbe office clock of EUwood, Stoddard & Co. was old and dusty. On a bright and sunshiny day the hauds could be dis tinguished through the dust and grim of the dial-glass; but it was a good clock and never bore false witness. On the next morning.as tbe last of nine musical chimes died aw3y, the office door opened and forest "Worth ington entered. "You are prompt, sir," said Uncle Sol, "and promptness has been one of my prin ciples ever since I have entered iu business. Mr. Stoddard received a telegram from bis nephew this morning, stating that be with drew his application on account of matters relating to his studies. You can enter upon your duties at our desk to-morrow morning at a salary of $15 a week." After thanking the kind-hearted mer chant Forest turned his steps streetward, and bad the date been three years later the passers-by would have mistaken him for a professional go-as-you-please out on a prac tice fa. The next morning be assumed his duties. He had secured a good situa tion, and tbey a trnsty and methodical ac countant. Weeks sped and created months. All went satisfactorily In the firm of El wood, Stoddard & Co. Forest wrote often to his mother and sister Laura; fiually he se cured a position for his sister in a fashiona ble milliner's establishment on Washington street, at a salary far exceeding anything she bad ever known at home. Laura Worthington was a brunette, well educated, especially in music, and was ac knowledged good looking. The only affec tion she had ever experienced was for her mother and brother. She looked op to him with a reverential respect, and never ques tioned his advice in relation to her own wel fare. One afternoon Forest was putting the fin ishing touches to his ledger, when a faint tap was heard at bis door, aud a young lady entered his office. Forest very politely handed her a chair, which she accepted, and then said: "Is my father Mr. EUwood in tbe es tablishment?" "He is not, madam, but is momentarily expected." The young lady said: "I will wait a few moments, as I desire to see him very much, that is if it will not inconvenience you." "O, not in the least," said Forest, as be nervously upset an in-stau&athis desk, and then begged the lady's pardon. Bnt he soon recovered bis self-possession and, in troducing himself, entered into conversation with his visitor, whom he found to be the most pleasing and interesting yonng lady he had ever met. Kate was a brilliant conversationalist and sensible, and they glided from one toplo te another with such esse and freedom thai it seemed to them that they had always known each other. He told her of his sister Laura and how much he loved her, and she prom ised she wonld patronize Madam "Vane, for whom Laura was at work, and have her bonnets trimmed by her. After Kate had gone, Forest sat long at bis desk without writing a single word: bat 17-25 30-25 14-10 2 S 2225 25-22 10-8 69 25-30 22-17 2 31-28 j i m 7f, . iiG! t?hf liiTi.irrniTi
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers