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SECOHD PART.
THE MOVABLE DIM
To Be the Chief Factor in the
Improvement of the
Mississippi.
IT IS A FRENCH INVENTION,
lint Will Dave to Be ImproYed for
Use in Our Great Rivers.
A DESIGN MASSIVE, BUT SIMPLE,
TVhicli Will Control the Water by Opposing
Weight to Weight.
THE GEEAT BENEFITS SOKE TO EESULT
PAPEK SO. 7.
Oar gratitude is due to France for man y
things; among those material for two great
inventions the turbine wheel and the mov
able dam.
The turbine wheel did much to give to
Xew England her early manufacturing pre
eminence. The movable dam is to he the chief factor
in the development of the Mississippi River
system.
"With it we can control the floods, put an
end to the yearly damage and horror of over
flow, and create in these rich valleys a net
work of water transportation routes free to
all the people, penetrating to every quarter,
making possible the symmetrical develop
ment of every section, bringing cheap food
to miner and artisan, carrying cheap coal to
ers and manufacturers, opening new
is and quarries, bringing distant climes
Ijiroducts into cheap and profitable ex-
?e, .ifting the mortgage from the farm,
Rasing the earnincs of the people of
trade and occupation, reducing the
t o." food, of clothing, of houses, of tools,
every necessary and every luxurv in
(very corner of the land. Thus the thought
France is Jo bless and enrich America
and forever establish the Mississippi Taller
in that station of proud pre-eminence hers
by right of natural wealth and her straight
thinking, hard-working, patriotic people.
Movable dams have many advantages
over permanent dams. The movable dam
does not raise the flood level; the river so
dammed can be controlled and trained to
scour clean, maintain, deepen and improve
its channel; and during high water stages
navigation is not delayed by locks. Most
important o. all, the movable dam can be so
designed and operated as to develop and
utilize to its fullest extent the reservoir
luuction of the channels and so render prac
ticable regulation of flood conditions in a
more penect and far cneaper manner than
is possible with any other device whatso
everindeed without other outlay than that
"desirable solely from its beneficial effect on
navigation.
A permanent dam, on the contrary, is a
permanent obstruction to navigation, to the
outfall, and to the work of channel im
provement; it permanently raises the flood
level, threatens and destroys by overflow
lauds otherwise exempt, causes a wider
spread and more destructive violence in
time of flood, causes filling up and perma
nent raising of the river bed, and destroys
the navigable channel by retaining the silt
and detritus; andiwhile bringing on this
train of evils, prevents the use of the only
efficient agent to correct them, to-wit, the
scouring pawer of the river when directed
by the art of man.
But were the permanent dam free from all
the above recited drawbacks, it has one
prime fault which alone must condemn it.
It does not utilize or develop the reservoir
function of the water course. On the con
trary, it impairs, and tends to destroy that
ciot valuable property.
As the heigh't ot the permanent dam is to
the heieht of the river banks, so is the reser
voir action reduced.
As imported from Prance the movable
dam is crude and adapted to small streams
only. It is too slow of operation, toodelicat
TrjXiiruiSartic-z hsiringjiy-CcirtmIrj iv-
and unmanageable lor our great rivers. .For
a limited use in small streams it has great
merits in its present form. To give it an ex
tended application in our colossal rivers
Me must develop the idea along the lines of
greater simplicity and massiveness of parts,
Make itquic-er of operation and adapt it to
be operated by powerful engines.
A material improvement, bettering it for a
narrow ranse of work, might be made by
applying, hydraulic pressure to raise the
wickets, thus placing all the sections of the
Kructure under the control of an operator
on ihe river bank. The use of high pres
sure hydraulic engines in position not per
muting of easy access and repair at all
tunes i, however, liable to well founded oo
jertions. A device operating with low pressures,
add simpler and more massive in its parts Is
juuch to be preferred, when it can be ad
Vmtagcously applied. Such a device is
Jurk'siuovable dam, which has merits of a
-very lii.h order, and will donbtless have an
extended use.
Neither oi these forms of dam is, how
ever, just the right thing for our rivers. In
tliotc monster streams, massive simplicitv
cud tremendous power perfectly controlled
, must be the rules governing all designs.
A form of dam is here suggested, few in
parts, simple in construction, and. when
operated by powerful engines, perfectly
under the control of the operators.
This dam is' formed of a number of huc
hulks of cellular structure, closed at the lp
and open at tile bottom, and operated bv
charging the cells with compressed air under
three to five pounds pressure, floating the
bulks by expelling water from their mte-
gjribk-?L-,
riors, and then warping them into position
by means of steel cables connecting them
with winding engines on the banks or on
steamboats. "When the hulks are in posi
tion the compressed air is allowed to escape
from the cells and the hnlks settle on the
bottom. When it is desired to open the
dam the hulks are floated, and can be turned
up and down stream 'parallel with the cur
rent, or towed to the bank and moored
there.
The river bed is prepared for the dam by
simply leveling, if the bottom is hard; if the
bottom is soft; a transverse sill dam must be
TBASTSYE-S- SECTION SHOWING CELLULAR, OPEN-BOTTOMED STRUCTUBE OF DAM
AND SILL SUNK BELOW LIMIT OP SCOURING ACTION.
provided, of masonry, concrete, timber, or,
what is probably best of all, mixed brush
mattress and clav. Air controlled tubes
would be provided to pass water when it
might be undesirable to open the dam.
These dams control the water by opposing
weight to weight, ponderous structure to
enormous pressures, have a massive sim
plicity of design and operation, avast mar
gin to provide against accident, no working
parts in inaccessible places or under water,
no parts of delicate, intricate or unusual
constrnction.
Tbese features make them cheap in first
cost, simple in operation and easy to main
tain. Their dimensions and weight are
well within good practice, and they can be
safely and rapidly handled by engines of
quite moderate horsepower.
The compressed air is used at pressures so
moderate that any good positive blower or
blast engine will operate them. Their cellu
lar open-bottomed structure makes them
safe from disablement by floating ice and
loss, as a number of cells may be pierced
without seriously impairing the buoyancy;
permits the bulks to be lowered over large
boulders or other irregularities of the bot
tom, and enables repairs to be made at any
time, by bolting on an air lock, compressing
air into an injured cell, and expelling water
therefrom so that workmen can enter.
The necessary machinery is of so simple
and usual a type that repairs and replace
ments can be immediate; or tugs can be used
to manipulate the parts of the dam. It will
be observed that the hulks of the movable
dams are substantially identical in struc
ture with the hulks of the movable caisson
jetties described in the fourth paper, and
that the dams can be used for jetties, or the
jetty-bulks lor dams quite indifferently.
The cost of the dams will be low; $75 a
ion will pay for the hulks. The weicht per
foot must be sufficient to give them stability (
0sai3Jn shawng ths dischaigs oT Kie IfssissJppa
rfon !uufrt75
against the overturning effort of the re
strained water. The cost of a dam 2,000
lonsr, 30 feet high and 40 feet wide, to re
strain water in the upper level, ten feet
above the lower level, would be:
For the hulks .". $300,000
Laud, building and machinery .. 20,000"
bill dams of mattress and clay. 100.TOO
Wing walls andlocks..... 240.000
S0CD.000
Forty-four dams each 10 feet lift will be
required between Pittsburg and Cairo, cost
ing ?29,000.000, and will give a maximum
depth of 20 feet in a channel 967 miles long,
or at a cost of about 530.000 per mile about
the cost of railroad construction.
It is impossible with data at hand to esti
mate the amount of land damage and bene
fits. For the same reason the cost of ex
tending the system to the tributaries of the
Ohio, and throughout the Mississippi waters
cannot be accurately estimated; but it will
certainly be much iess than would be in
curred by adopting other systems giving re
sults in every way inferior, and less than
would be incurred in building the same
number of miles of railroad. The outlay
while vast even with the most judicious
managementwillbe repaid an hundred and
a thousand times by the inestimable bene
fits to be gained.
It may be asked, why have onr engineers
overlooked this important function of the
river channels in serving as storage reser
voirs lor the fload waters? The answer is
that it has not been overlooked; but that
the correlation of ideas the correlation be
tween the reservoir effect of the channel and
the functions of the movable dam, by which
alone the improvement is practicable, has
not been heretofore peiceived.
The reservoir effect of the channel has
been recognized as a mostimportant modify
ing influence on flood discharges as is shown
by the lollowing extracts from Humphreys
and Abbott's "PhysicsandHydraulicsofthe
Mississippi."
"The next s.ep in the analysis is to
determine the effect which, under the
new conditions indicated, wonld have been
exerted upon the maximum discharge by
the moderating reservoir influence of the
channel. As heretofore the river is made to
speak for itself.
"The rise iu December, 1857, admirably
illustrates this influence, since the water
was then entirely confined to the channel,
and the effect of crevasses is thus eliminated
from the problem. This rise was at its
height (8,0 feet below high water of 1858)
I I 1 V, I ' I I I 1
March April May Jifte July August September Oct '
anfn-ir-. - y ? -i&z-. ,
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I e a V
".
ma I 1 1 1 1 1 ' t
THE FITTSBURG DISPATCH.
at Columbus on December 21, the maxi
mum discharge being 1,190,000 cubic feet
per second. The St. Francis river was
backed up, and contributed nothing. At
Napolean the rise attained its highest point
(7.1 feet below high water of 1858) on De
cember 28. On December 29 the measured
discharge of Arkansas river was 65,000
cubic leet per second. On January 1 the
river had lallen 2.2 feet at Napolean, and
the measured discharge ot Arkansas river
was 9,000 and of White river 48.000 cubic
feet per second. It is evident, then, that
these two rivers must have added at least
100.000 cubic feet per second to the toD
of the flood wave as it passed. At
Yazoo river, according to accurate
data, it received 45,000 cubic feet
per second more. At the top of the flood at
Natchez, which was 8.3 feet below hieh
water, 1858. the discharge then should have
been 1,190,000 plus 100,000 plus 45,000
equals 1,335.000 cubic feet per second. It
was measured dn January 8, when the river
had fallen l.G feet, and was found to be
845,000 cubic feet per second. Allowing a
very liberal estimate for diminution of
discharge at this date, the rise, when highest,
could not have carried past Natchez more
than 935,000 cubic feet per second. How,
then, is this enormous difference of 400,000
cubic feet per second to be accounted for?
"Only in one way.
"The reservoir, furnished by 650 square
miles of channel between Columbus and
.Natchez, absorbed it all.
"This is an extreme case, because such a
rise at so low a stage is almost unprec
edented, but it plainly shows that so im
portant an element cannot be neglected in
discussing the subject of river floods.
,Tne only other rise in the flood of 1858
which produced a sensible oscillation in the
lower river was that which occurred near
the end of March. This, then, was the only
other rise sensibly modified by the reservoir
influence of the channel. It was highest at
Columbus on March 28-29, when it was G.1
feet below high water,of 1858; at Memphis,
on April 2, wnenTPwas 1.8 feet below the
same flood; and at Helena, on April 4, whe,n
it was 3.8 leet below the same flood. It was
of very short duration, and did not break
the levees of the St. Francis bottom. Tery
little water entered these swatups,.and its
volume was counterbalanced by the excess
of the discharge of the St. Francis over 30,
000 cubic feet per second. This river was
pouring ont a flood of rain water from up
land as well as swamp drainage. The max
imum discharge at Columbus in this rise
was 1,130,000 cubic feet per second. It was
increased 30,000 cubic feet per second by the
St. Francis river, and should therefore have
been 1.160,000 cubic feet per second at
Helena. The actual discharge at Helena
was 1,020,000 cubic feet per second. The
difference between these two quantities,
140,000' cubic feet per second, is the
measure of the reservoir influence ot the
af V1cksiKS$&CJa(umbus in Ite fbod of 1S53
aid Abooft Report
-u
250 square miles of channel between those
two places.
"Let us trace this rise still further down
the river. On arriving at "Vicksburg it had
lost 75,000 cubic feet per second by
crevasses and received 225,000 cubic feet
per second Irom the Arkansas, "White and
Yazoo rivers. It should then have amounted
to 1,170;000 cubic feet per second. It was
measured and really amounted to 1,145,000
cubic feet per second ; the difference, due to
the reservoir influence of the channel being
25,000 cubic leet per second. The com
paratively small amount of this effect in
this part of the river is explained by the
comparatively small and gradual oscil
lation of the river surface, so clearly shown
by diagram. Below Vicksburg this in
fluence noon the maximum discharge be
came practical! v unimportant, amounting
only to some 5,000 cubic feet per second at
Bed river landing.
"The above are data collected bv the sur
vey from which we uay estimate the numer
ical value of this important influence which
the channel exerts in moderating the max
imum discharge in floods. They are by no
means all that establish its existence. A
single glance at diagram is conclusive upon
this point. The enormous and evidently
normal differences constantly exhibited be
tween the discharge measured at Columbus
and at Vicksburg are susceptible of explana
tion in no other way. The channel is evi
dently an immense reservoir into which the
floods of the tributaries are successively
poured. In the upper river this produces
the constant oscillation which every gauge
record of the survey exhibits. In the lower
river the channel becomes a simple drain
from a lake, tho supply of which is main
tained by the successive contributions of the
tributaries in all parts of the valley.
"Floods in this part of the Missouri are
to be little reared below the Ohio. It is the
sudden rise in the lower tributaries which
work the ruin below. Floods in these upper
branches are nearly expended in the vast
reservoir of the channel, and have but little
influence upon the oscillations at St. Louis.
"The floods of the Arkansas are particu
larly disastrous to the lower Mississippi.
The operations of. the survey establish the
fact that a given quantity of water intro
duced into the channel at the bead of the
alluvial region produces a less rise in the
lower river than the same quantity added
by one of the lower tributaries. This effect
Continued on Tenth Page,
jmJi
L5& nfll ik -P3
: pittsbukg, Saturday,
PBIDE OF THE STATE
To Be Properly Upheld at the World's
Fair by the Legislature.
PEOSPECTS OP AN APPE0PKIATI01".
Secretary Brewer Discourses Entertainingly
on the Subject.
WHIT WAS DONE FOB -HE CENTENNIAL
Eben Brewer, of the Canal Commission,
who is also Assistant Secretary of the Na
tional "World's Fair Commission at Chicago,
was asked by a Dispatch reporter yester
day, whether an appropriation wonld be
made by the State of Pennsylvania in aid
or the "World's Fair. He said:
"It is too early now to speak definitely on
that subject. I see that Governor Beaver,
in his message, strongly advises such an ap
propriation on the part of our State, and his
recommendation will go a great way in aid
of such action. Pennsylvania certainly
ought to make a liberal appropriation and
see that her most prominent industries are
adequately represented at the "World's Fair.
Organized action will probably be taken in
almost every State and Territory of the
"Union to secure such exhibits, and Pennsyl
vania is the last State that should be behind
in such a matter.
"When Pennsylvania held the first inter
national exhibition of America, the Centen
nial, no less than 26 States and Territories
made liberal appropriations in aid of their
exhibits at Philadelphia. The money given
outright to aid in the organization of State
work and the collection of creditable ex
hibits for the Centennial was nearly half a
million dollars. It is not at all likely that
Pennsylvania, after receiving such benefits
from her sister States, will neglect the only
opportunity she will have, in our genera
tion, at least, to show her appreciation of the
aid given the Centennial, and to return it in
some degree.
What Was Done far the Centennial.
"I was looking over some reports of the
Centennial a day or two ago and jotted
down the amounts of the different appro
priations made by States and Territories at
that time. I don't think they have ever
been published, and it would be an interest
ing piece of information to put in type.
The amounts were these:
Arizona S 5.000
Massacbusott ...50,000
Michigan 7.500
Minnesota. .. .. 500
Mississippi 6,000
Montana. 5,000
Nevada 20,000
New Hampshire. 18.500
Arkansas 15,000
Colorado. ..j,... 10.000
Connectlcu; 25.000
Delaware 12,001)
City of Wilming
ton ... S.000
Illinois 10,000i
NewJersey 24,000
New York 8S.O00
Ohio 45,500
Oregon 4.000
Kaodelsland.... 7.100
Indiana a.JU
Iowa 20.000
Kansas 30.0C0
Kentucky... 5.000
Maine .'.:... li(M)
Maryland 15,000
West Virginia.. 20.000
Wisconsin .. 22,000
In addition to her liberal appropriation
for the expenses of collecting exhibits tor
the Centennial, the State of New Jersey
subscribed outright for $100,000 of the stock
of the enterprise, so that her actual appro
priation was 8124,000."
"Will the States be more liberal now than
they were in 1876?"
Some States Now in' Better Shape.
"The Centennial occurred so shortly after
the close of the war that a great many of the
leading Southern States were not in a
financial condition to give any money.
Their situation is very much changed now,
and it is anticipated that some of the most
liberal appropriations for the Chicago
"World's Fair will come from the South.
The people of Texas are talking of appro
priating $500,000. The State of Iowa, which
gave $20,000 to make a display
at tho Centennial, appropriated S50,
000 more than a year ago for the organ
ization of a State board to collect exhibits
for the Chicago "World's Fair, and it is not
at all unlikely that she may give $50,000
more before the fairis open. I notice in dis
patches from San Francisco that the Governor
of California recommends an appropriation
of $1,000,000 to pay for an elaborate exhibit
ot the industries and resources of that State.
States that are developing great natural re
sources and are seeking to attract immigra
tion, will, of course, expend moie money in
display at Chicago than the older States, in
which industries are already largely de
veloped, and where immigration is not
sought for. The older States ought, bow
ever, to make exhibits of their progress in
industry, art and general puolic economy,
and in this respect there is no State in the
"Union that can excel Pennsylvania if a very
little attention is given to proper organiza
tion at an early day.
"How will the work be undertaken in
Pennsvlvania?"
"It is the intention of the "World's Fair
Commissioners Irom this State to make a
recommendation to the Legislature as to the
amount of money which Pennsylvania
should devote to this work and to secure the
introduction of a bill on the reassembling of
the Legislature next week making provision
for the organization of a State Board, with
money euough to pay its expenses.
Necessity of Immediate Organization.
"I have seen and talked with a very large
number of Representatives aud Senators in
this State since December 1, and I have yet
to find one who is not in favor of Pennsyl
vania's making a creditable display at Chi
cago, and all are agreed that the only way
to do it is to provide for an immediate or
ganizttion which shall embrace every sec
tioirof the State ami all our industries."
"Is the National Government doing what
it should to aid the lair?"
"The United States Government has been
exceedingly liberal toward the Columbian
Exposition in pledging at least $1,600,000
iu aid of the work of organization, and to
provide for a magnificent special display,
illustrating the fuuctions of the various ex
ecutive departments. .Not less than $400,000'
will be spent in the buildings alone fof the
Government exhibit."
"Is work going ahead satisfactorily at
Chicago?"
"Work is progressing very rapidly and
favorably iu all the departments of the
World's Fair that are now organized. The
most important appointment made since the
selection of the Director General is that of
Major Handy, ot Philadelphia, as Chief of
the Department of Promotion and Pub
licity. Major Handy has a very large ac
quaintance among newspaper men of this
country ahd foreign countries, and is a man
full of resources and with valuable experi
ence at the Centennial. He was appointed
the last week ot December, and has already
accomplished a vast amount of work in
organizing his department Director Gen
eral Davis and Major Handy were in New
York Monday and Tuesday, in consultation
with the Committee on Foreign Affairs, of
which Chauncey Depew is Chairman, and
which is' the only committee to which the
commission has given any independent
power or for which Congress made any
special appropriation.
' A Metropolitan Office to Be Opened.
"The object of the meeting fa New York
was to provide for the organization of the
Department of Foreign Affairs, and during
the session of the committee on Tuesday, a
resolution was passed calling for the estab
lishment of an office in New York City for
the transmission of intelligence regarding
the fair to all foreign countries, and at the
same time to furnish a bureau where general
business with all the Eastern States could
be transacted directly without waiting for
special orders Irom Chicago."
"Are any other department ohiefs to be
named at once?"
"Iu connection with the visit of General
jaotjary 10, is.i.
Davis and Major Handy to New York and
their consultation with the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, a meeting of the Committee
on Fine Arts, of which Hon. A. G. Bullock,
of Massachusetts, is Chairman, 'was also
held, and I see by the telegraphie reports
that the committee is likely to recommend
Henry G. Marquand, of New York, chief of
the Department of Fine Arts. This ap
pointment would be extremely satisfactory
not only to the artists of America and for
eign countries but to all intelligent patrons
of the fine arts and to collectors generally.
Mr. Marquand has been for a number of
years President of the Metropolitan Mus
eum of Art, and by taste, education and
experience is admirablv fitted for the
position mentioned. To fill the position ot
Art Director, well a man is required who is
not only known and respected by artists, .1
but who Is associated with collectors all over
the world. The "World's Fair must not rely
for the success of its fine art department on
contributions from artists aione, but mntt
pnt under tribute the most famous, public
and private collections of this country aud
Europe, and there is probably no man in
America better able to reach the custodians
ot such collections than Mr. Marquand.
The Centennial Exposition was fortunate in
securing the finest collection of modern
British paintings ever 'seen in the world.
No exposition has been held even in Eng
land which included so many and
such valuable modern pictures. They
were loaned by towners at the personal
solicitation of "the British Commissioner
undertaken by request of a number of
prominent connoisseurs in Philadelphia.
New York's Fositlon Toward Chicago.
"Are the New Yorkers going to turn in
and help the Fair?"
"They are alreadv doing so and the
"establishment ot the "branch office in New
xots. win materially aid tne worms
Fair, as it will be a uonrce of accurate in
formation regarding the progress of the
work in Chicago, which has been up to this
time greatly lacking in the East. As soon
as the newspapers of New York and other
Eastern cities are able to find out exactly,
through this local force, what is going on
from day to day, their interest in the
"World's Fair will be very greatly in
creased, they will give more and better
news regarding it, and the interest of the
general public will be aroused to a degree
which has not hitherto been possible.
"There is general apprehension lest
European countries should fail to make
satisfactory exhibits. "What ate the pros
pects in that direction?"
"The prospects are extremely favorable,
and vigorous work is already begun under
the direction of General Davis, to whom the
Foreign Affairs Committee has con
fided the expenditure of the appro
priation made lor their special use.
One of the most important functions of the
department of promotion will be to attract
the attention of European manufacturer to
the advantages they will gain by exhibiting
in Chicago) in spite of the' fact that tbey
will have to go a long distance from the At
lantic seaboard to reach the Exposition. It
was laughable to read during the recent po
litical campaign, the statements in various
Western papers to tb'e effect that the McKin
ley bill was going to keep foreign exhibitors
away from the Exposition and consequently
detract from, its international character. No
man who has an intelligent idea of the mar
kets sought by European manufacturers,
can for a moment entertain any such appre
hension. . One Feature Never Before Had.
The Chicago Exposition will have one
feature which no previous international Ex
position has ever had, and that is a series of
extensive and carefully organized exhibits
from all theLatin-American nations. Rep
resentatives of the fair who are officers of
the United States navy and army have been
appointed to visit every one of these coun
tries, and remain until an adequate exhibit
of its resources is arranged for. These
Latin-American countries afford the best
existing market for the various r rod nets of
the European manufacturers and these
manufacturers have never had before, and
never will have again, so good an op
portunity to meet the representatives of the
commercial interests of the Latin-American
States, as they will have at Chicago in 1893.
One of the niatn objects of the Pan-American
Congress of last year was to get these peo
ple interested in the manufactures of the
United States, and to win, it possible, a
share of their business away from European
nations, who now practically have the nhole
of it
"It makes no difference what the Euro
pean manufacturers think about the mar
kets of the United States or about the Mc
Kinley bill, their largest interests on this
continent are iu the markets of Central and
South America. Tbey now control that
trade, and they will go to any length to
prevent the United States from getting that
trade from them. European manufactur
ers understand perfectly that the trade ot
Central and South America is likely to be
lost to them entirely unless they make a
desperate struggle at Chicago to retain it in
opposition to the growing competition oi
American manufacturers and merchants.
This consideration alone insures a large and
representative exhibit of the industries and
manufactures of every important European
country."
HOW to Dress the Baby, hy the Conntess
Annie de Montalgu In THE DISPATCH, to
morrow. Columns of select matter for
women and young: folks.
A COUNTEE-EniNG GANG CAPXUBED.
Some Are Taken In Detroit and Some on
Canadian SoIL
Deteoit, Jan. 9, Three months ago a
man named Ben Davis was arrested here
for passing bogus dollars, and he gave im
portant information to the Secret Service
officers. M. M. Mulhall, one of tho officials
of the service, made the acquaintance of
Thomas Turnbull, who said he got counter
feit money of John and Edniu Stinsou.
Mulhall was introduced to the Stinsons as a
crook who was an expert in passing counter
feit money. Wednesday night he decoyed
Edwin Stinson to this city to deliver 60
bonus dollars at, a certain saloon, and had
him arrested.
Stinson gave information that a large
quantity of counterfeit coin and parapher
nalia for rnakiug the same might be found
in a cornfield near hU father's house at St
Clair Siding, about 28 miles Irom Windsor.
Mr. Mulhall, accompanied by some Amer
ican and Dominion officials, went to St.
Clair Siding and arrested John Stinson, the
father; William and James, his sons; Mrs.
Doodley, the housekeeper, and Thomas
Stoddard. All were locked up at Windsor.
The officers found on the premises a large
amount of United State's counterfeit coin
and a lot ofniolds and tools. Officers theD
came to the city and arrested Fiher, an
electrician. Fisher is charged with being a
mold maker. Edwin Stinson and Fisher,
who were captured on this side, will be
tried here, while the others will be tried in
Canada. The mold, said to have been made
by Fisher, is a fine piece ot work.
THE BEPOST "WAS TWISTED.
Agent Berryman Secures n Verdict of Sev
eral HundredDollarsAgalnstaPlamber.
Agent Berryman, of the Humane Society,
was much worried yesterday over the pub
lication of the lact that C. H. Gumbcrt bad
secured a verdict of $226 against him for
damage, when in fact it was the other way.
Mr. Berryman is one of the best known
horsemen and trainers in the State. The
trouble occurred in 1881 and 1889 when Mr.
Berryman was the proprietor of the Bidge
wood Stock i'arm and Mr. Gatnbert boarded
some of his stock there. The bill was dis
puted and it was Mr. Berryman who se
cured the judgment.
FRANK O, CARPENTER tells some new
stories of Lincoln In TUB DISPATCH to
morrow, beside giving fresh gossip about
Imralls and other pablla men.
TO YOUNG CITIZENS.
The First of a Series of Letters Writ
ten by Prominent MeD.
INFLUENCE OF AMERICAN IDEAS
And Institutions Upon the Other Nations
of the World.
0DK GQY-KKMEXT A POTENT AGENCY
rwBirizir VOR TUB disf-tcb-.i
The young citizen of the Bepublic should
study carefully the reflex influence of pur
institutions on other nations and peoples.
Though the United States are separated by
broad oceans from other countries, the fact
of distance over sea tends rather to make
our social and civil forms more conspicuous
in the eyes of the peoples abroad. Men
become interested in the things seen afar,
especially when the vision includes such a
marvel as is presented in the history of the
American Bepublic
First of all, our Government itself our
form of government has been a potent
agency in influencing the political society
of foreign countries. Our democratic Be
public was, trom the first, contagious. The
achievemeut of independence gave an ex
ample to Europe and the world of civil
liberty. It was in the nature of a successful
precedent Here was a proof, a livinc in
stance, of the truth of what the French
philosophers had already been saying in the
"Encyclopedie Francaise." Frenchmen of
100 years ago reasoned thus: Freedom in
America is not a delusion and a snare. The
Ameriaans have demonstrated the truth of
the rights of man as declared by our favorite
author. Therefore France may do the
same.
Popularity of Franklin In France.
This reasoning, half-silent and half
avowed, was the secret of the popularity of
Franklin at the French Court, x'-fto Abbe
Baynal, speaking of the Americans in 1781,
cries out: "Their honored names shall be
transmitted to posterity by a happier pen
than mine. Brass and marble shall show
them to the remotest ages. Iu beholding
them the friend of freedom shall feel his
heart palpitate feel his eyea float in de
licious tears!" Mirabeau, standing in the
tribune of the National Assembly, ex
claims: "I ask if the nations have dared
to read the American Declaration, or to in
terrogate their consciences after the perusal.
I ask whether there be at this day one gov
ernment in Europe the Helvetic and
Batavian confederations and the British
Isles excepted which, judged after the
principles of the Declaration of Congress on
the 4th of July, 1776. is not divested of its
rights."
It is impossible to determine with pre
cision how much the success of our Bepubli
can experiment contributed as an exciting
cause of the great revolution in France; but
it was certainly one of the potent influences
which combined to upheave French society,
to overthrow the Bourbon throne, and to
give a new political direction to modern
Europe. The pens of Jefferson and Paine,
the oratory of the Adamses, the sword of
Washington, and the constructive genius of
Hamilton prevailed not only in America,
but to a certain extent in every civilized
country of the Old "World.
The Progress of Republicanism.
Still more strongly has. the same influence
spread among the other governments of the
American continents. Eve4 the tyro iu
history is able to note the rapid progress of
Republicanism in nil the countries of our
three Americas. The conservatism of the
Spanish race.its strong monarchical proclivi
ties and general subserviency to the priest
hood, have not been able to withstand the
example and impact of American democ
racy. True, the Bepublic of Mexico is not
a shining example of political excellence;
but it may well be cited as a glorious in
stance of "a revolution which was lighted
with torches brought from the North.
In the South American States the same
effects are referable to the same cause. Our
republic has been to all these peoples,
whether Spanish or Portuguese, what Lord
Bacon would call a, "fortnsbowing instance"
of emancipation and progress. All the an
archistic wars aud seemingly chaotic strug
gles of the South American nations, have
tended strongly and constantly to the re
production of new forms of liberal govern
ment, of which our own bus been the pro
totype. Our other American institutions have in
like manner diffused themselves as seed
sown on distant shores. The American idea
of public education by the State foreran by
a long period the similar movement in
Great Britain. The young citizen must be
surprised to note the fact that "William E.
Forster, leader of all the recent educational
reforms in Enclaud, has in no instance gone
beyond the well-established precedents and
methods of our American public schools.
While America has copied her institutions
of higher learning from the Old World, and
perhaps not improved them, the nations
abroad have been constrained to accept the
American public school system and the
principles upon which it is based as the best
and truest which the experience of mankind
has yet been able to devise.
Charitable Policy of America.
The same thing may be said respecting
the use which other na'tions have made of
American philanthropic aud charitable in
stitutions, such as those for the protection
and education of the blind and the deaf and
dnmb, and for the care of the insane. In
Europe nearly all institutions for the bene-'
fit of these unfortunate classes, and even in
stitutions for the poor, have been the pro
duct either of religious davotion or of pri
vate philanthropy. Iu scarcely any civi
lized country other than our owu has the
public policy been systematically adopted
of providing for the welfare and in
struction of the unfortunate classes
at the expense and under the
direction of the State. It is in America
that the most praiseworthy and marvelous
things in this direction have been achieved.
taught as in the asylums of the United'
States; and in no other has the tongue ot tue
dumb found Buch utterance, or the wild cry
of the insane'been hushed with such humane
and rational treatment. Every young citi
zen should read with tearfn sympathy the,
storv of Laura Bridgeman s told by
Dickens in his "American Notes," or as
recorded in thefourthvolniueol tne"Smith
soninn Contributions to Knowledge."
Many of the minor institutions and
nsages of American society ahd citizenship
have in like manner ennght the sympathy
of foreign nations and been adopted by
them, as the best existing results of moderu
civilization. These Influences have been
shed abroad by our country as far as the
Oriental nations. The student of history
has within the past year beheld the pleas
ing spectacle rf the adoption of an enlight
ened Constitution bv the Japanese Empire.
In studying that instrument he shall be
astonished to note that In every part except
so much as relates to the Emperor and his
household the Constitution of tno Ameri
can Bepublic was used as tho model aud
pattern of the whole.
JOUif Clack Eidpath.
THE DISPATCn 'has a Special Corre
spondent at the seat or the Indian War. It
will give you all the" news at all times.
Gould' Grip on the Atchison.
New York, Jan. 9. An authorized
statement wus given out this afternoon to
the effect that Jay Gonld had not obtained
control of the Atchison Railroad by pur
chase, as has been reported, but that he and
Bussell Sage and their lriends held more
Atchison securities now than ever belore.
KATE ELLWOOD:
OE,
WHO WILL
BY G. "W.
Solomon EUwood, or "Uncle Sol," as he
was commonly called, was an eccentric old
gentleman. Ear 23 years he had done busi
ness in Boston, living, except in winter, nine
miles out in the little town of S . He
was the founder and senior member of the
firm of EUwood, Stoddard & Co. His re
markable business qualifications bos given
credit to the firm abroad, and bence bis
whims and eccentricities were treated most
leniently by his partners, and most reveren
tially by the clerks.
Uncle Sol was nearly 70, and be realized
that he was growing old, that the evening of
life was fast approaching. He often sished
for the retired comforts of a home, but who
should take his place in the firm was a ques
tion often asked, but never satisfactorily an
swered. And Kate, bis sweet, accomplished
daughter, who, since the death of bis
wife, bad been the light of bis
home, the fond pride of a father's heart,
Kate, whose intellect was ccly equaled by
her many virtues, could make the old
"Chickering" breathe melody by her touch;
the cook wonld often place her arms akimbo
and wonder at Kate's skill in the prepara
tion of some favorite dish for her father. At
needlework and embroidery she was an
adept, and always industrious. She bad
graduated at one of the most popular female
seminaries in New Tor-, and in a moment
when the fear ot losing her was strong upon
him, her father bad exacted a promise from
her that she would never marry without bis
full consent and approval.
For several years Uncle Sol bad devoted
much time and study to the game of
draughts. This was one of his eccentricities.
He bad a mathematical mind, and found in
this deep game sufficient ground for philoso
phizing. Kate, to please tier father, had
learned to be an accomplished draughts
player, nsually drawing and occasionly win
ning with her father. Of all the village
players she was his most formidable oppon
ent. True, young Eveleth sometimes drew,
but never won.
Hinklev Eveleth was the son of Judge
Eveleth, and recently admitted to the bar.
His father was rich, and bad given his son
a post-graduate course at Yale, afterward
finishing at the Boston Law School. Hink
ley was a young man of some ability, aud
his father was well known throughout the
Commonwealth as u sound and able ex
pounder of jurisprudence. A month pre
vious he bad proposed to Kate, and the re
sult was explicit enough to be unsatis
factory. Kate. liked him well enough he bad been
her playfellow in childhood and when she
consulted her father on what had occurred,
he Baid: "My dear child, there is not a
young lady in S who would not jump
at such an offer; but I sometimes fear that
the stories of Hinkley's dissipation at col
lege are too true. I am constrained to ad
mit bis ability, by the scientific manner in
which he manipulates his pieces at draughts.
You are at liberty to accept or reject."
That evening Kate, like the wise girl she
was, wrote to Hinkley aud informed him
she was unprepared to give a decided
answer, aud the matter, for the present,
might remain unsettled.
A day or two after this interview with his
daughter, Solomon Elwood sat in his office
on Uroad street, Boston, carefully conninir
his ledger when a knock was heard at the
door, and in response to "Come in," a
young man entered. His dress denoted
long usage, but neatness and care;
bis boot was marred by a hole
in the side, but it was polished brightly.
Taking off his hat he said politely: "I hope
I do "not intrude, sir?" "No intrusion,
young man," said Uncle Sol with bis cus
tomary urbanity. "Be seated." "My name
is Forest "Worthington, sir, and I called in
to answer an advertisement which I noticed
in this morning's Herald." "Yes, yes," said
the old gentleman, "we advertised for a
bookkeeper; where do you reside?" "In
Lewiston, Me." "And from what institu
tion did you receive your knowledge of
bookkeeping?" queried the old merchant.
"From Prof. G. Boardman Smith's Com
mercial Colleee, in hit native city."
"Hump! I have heard of him; he is a lair
checker player, is he not, this Professor?"
"He is considered so, I believe." "I have
met him." "Across the board?" inquired
Mr. "Worthington, quickly. Uncle Sol
nodded.
"And may I enquire the result?"
"O, certainly," returned the old man,
carelessly; "oue for the Professor, three for
me and eight draws. But probably you are
not especially interested in 'Sweet Datnetb,'
although I wish you were, for no better cri
terion of a young man's ability exists. Mr.
Stoddard," said the senior member, as bis
partner was at that moment passing the
door, "have you filled Mr. Mason's place
yet?"
"I think I have, sir. I received a letter
from my nephew this morning, and I in
formed him be could have the place." .
Mr. Elwood bowed and said "Very well,"
and Mr. Stoddard passed on. Forest Worth
ington rose to go. As.he moved toward the
door he said: "I presume there is no other
place in your establishment in whieh I could
earn invseli and widowed mother au hon
est livelihood?"
Before he conld receive an answer the
office door opened and a boy entered. "Mr.
Elwood, here is the board you ordered made
at my father's shop," banding him a beauti
ful draught board of the regulation size and
composed ot alternate squares of ebony and
wlutewood. "Father said he hoped you
would excuse him for not haying it done
sooner, but work has been very pressing,"
said the boy, as he quitted the office, leaving
the two former occupants admiring the board
together.
"Sir," said Forest "Worthington, with bis
eyes glistening brightly and a crimson spot
burning on either cheek, "I trust you will
pardon me, but I should feel honored were
I to have the pleasure of being one of the
parties to dedicate that beautiful board."
"What! do you pla?" asked the aston
ished owner ot the board.
"But lairly, sir."
"Be seated', young man," said Uncle Sol,
at the same time drawing forth a small
pasteboard box and emptying its contents of
24 pieces on the board.
Uncle Sol chose the black men, and
played 11 to 15. The young man formed the
"Ayrshire Lassie." Silence reigned until
the twenty-eighth move, when the old gen
tleman said, "That lust move of yours loses;
your play up to that point is splendid bnt
I conld not expect you to play the great
Wyllie's game without nn error; 31 to 27 is
your correct move, if you wish to retract"
Forest, somewhat surprised at the old
gentleman's candor, said: "I learned to
play strictly in accordance with the rules,
u ml", besides, you will pardon me if I
veniure to say that uiy last move is a sound
one.
His opponent smiled good naturedly as he
said : "You will have reason to change
your opinion ere long," and the play con
tinued. In five moves the whites had sacri
ficed n piece, bnt liberated a king, which,
now advancing rapidlv upon two unpro
tected men in the center and forcing them
to thelside of the board, held them; then
inarahliug bis remaining forces in such fine
order that in a few more moves Solomon
EUwood was-compelled to enter "neither
party," and the game was drawn.
But in the second game Untile Sol was de
termined to win. He pressed his adversary
harder and harder, and wheu the men stood
as sh'own .on the following diagram be
shrugged bis shoulders with satisfaction,
WIN HER?
BBOWN.
while bis opponent, whose turn it was Eta
play, bent over the board in profound Study,
Black.
White.
Black (Mr. Worthington) to move.
Uncle Sol noticed the severe mental strata
with which he was taxing himself, and said:
"Wyllie could not draw your game; is it
not useless to continue farther?"
Mr. Worthington raised his eyes for a
moment and said, "Down in Maine we
never claim a game until it is won," and
played 37.
The reply came immediately, 1815. Aa
exchange would now give him the move of
the black king, and again he rubbed his
hands in glee as black played 2125. To
sooner was it played than 1510, 714,
9 18 and the old man executed a motion of
the hand indicative of "that settles it," and
began to gather up the men for another
placing. i
With an effort Forest commanded his
countenance sufficiently and played 2024.
27-11,25-30. '
"Ah! what's this?" exclaimed Uncle Sol
as be jumped up ond kicked his chair over
backward. "Thunder and blazes! if that
isn't a good one," and the old man laughed
heartily. "Young man, give me vour hand.
I acknowledge a good thing," and Forest
modestly extended his palm. "Beat ma
again, Mr. "Worthington, and as sure as the
sun rises the bookkeeper's situation in this
establishment shall be yours;" and both
men excitedly replaced the pieces.
The old gentleman's 1115 never seemed
as powerful to Forest as now, and he thought
of his mother and his sister Laura, and how
much depended on his winning. He had
determined, if possible, to play the "Maid
of the Mill," but at black's reply to 22 17
came the ominous 1519, and he was forced
into the "Dyke."
Below is the game in full, and never was
a came played more deliberately:
i Imp 'm
"-15 12-1 8-11 Jl-2) I 10-13 22-17
217. 24-15 27-23 29-25 17-13 14-li
15-19 I 10-19 4-8 7-11 K--14
23-18 25-a 2J-K 31-27
What's nn nnw?" thnnhf hv-o.t . (,..
care.ully surveyed the board. It was evi
dent he could capture a piece, but conld be
retain it? In two minutes he took bis move,
2G 23, and it will be seen that for sixteen
moves each player was coerced by the other,
and that at the thirtieth move had blacks
plaved 1923, instead of 8 ll.whites would
have won by 2522, 811, 1410, 615,
13 gf-eic The game proceeded as follows:
28-2.1 1 11-10 t 20-23 1 S-lt I 1S-11 1 2-25
8-11 I SO-3G J-S 25-22 6-9 11-7
23-14 15-19 I 22-17 I 11-15 I IS e I 2S-30
Uncle Sol breathed easier and fixed his
eye on 27. Forest saw that it would soon ba
bis turn to play with a man less, and the
DlacK King advanced another square.
30-2S
3 S
2S-31
8-11
31-21
11-15
5 9A
6-9 CI
1722
17-14 B
9-18
15-2!
16
!-2
21-17
9 13 I
17-14 I
I3-J7 I
2S-3t
2S-17
24-27
32-23
19-2B
Drawn
(A) The only move to draw.
(1J) The best; Tor ir 1713, then 19-23.
(C) lfS-lO then white wing or 21 17.
As the game ended in a draw Mr.Elwood
said with marked respect: "Mr. Worthing
ton, the intellectual ability you have shown
in your play to-day has much significance
to me. I see that you feel hurt that you did
not win. That was my favorite gambit. I
acknowledge you played with superior
skill, and I would like to have such a
plucky -player in my employment. You
may Call at this office to-morrow morning at
9 o'clock, and in the meantime I will con
fer with Mr. Stoddard in relation to that
nephew."
The young man shook the merchant
warmly by the hand aad went forth upon
the street with a kindly feeling toward the
first man in Boston who had given him,
cause to hope.
Tbe office clock of EUwood, Stoddard &
Co. was old and dusty. On a bright and
sunshiny day the hauds could be dis
tinguished through the dust and grim of the
dial-glass; but it was a good clock and never
bore false witness. On the next morning.as
tbe last of nine musical chimes died aw3y,
the office door opened and forest "Worth
ington entered.
"You are prompt, sir," said Uncle Sol,
"and promptness has been one of my prin
ciples ever since I have entered iu business.
Mr. Stoddard received a telegram from bis
nephew this morning, stating that be with
drew his application on account of matters
relating to his studies. You can enter upon
your duties at our desk to-morrow morning
at a salary of $15 a week."
After thanking the kind-hearted mer
chant Forest turned his steps streetward,
and bad the date been three years later the
passers-by would have mistaken him for a
professional go-as-you-please out on a prac
tice fa. The next morning be assumed
his duties. He had secured a good situa
tion, and tbey a trnsty and methodical ac
countant. Weeks sped and created months.
All went satisfactorily In the firm of El
wood, Stoddard & Co. Forest wrote often to
his mother and sister Laura; fiually he se
cured a position for his sister in a fashiona
ble milliner's establishment on Washington
street, at a salary far exceeding anything
she bad ever known at home.
Laura Worthington was a brunette, well
educated, especially in music, and was ac
knowledged good looking. The only affec
tion she had ever experienced was for her
mother and brother. She looked op to him
with a reverential respect, and never ques
tioned his advice in relation to her own wel
fare. One afternoon Forest was putting the fin
ishing touches to his ledger, when a faint
tap was heard at bis door, aud a young lady
entered his office. Forest very politely
handed her a chair, which she accepted, and
then said:
"Is my father Mr. EUwood in tbe es
tablishment?" "He is not, madam, but is momentarily
expected."
The young lady said: "I will wait a few
moments, as I desire to see him very much,
that is if it will not inconvenience you."
"O, not in the least," said Forest, as be
nervously upset an in-stau&athis desk, and
then begged the lady's pardon. Bnt he
soon recovered bis self-possession and, in
troducing himself, entered into conversation
with his visitor, whom he found to be the
most pleasing and interesting yonng lady he
had ever met.
Kate was a brilliant conversationalist and
sensible, and they glided from one toplo te
another with such esse and freedom thai it
seemed to them that they had always known
each other. He told her of his sister Laura
and how much he loved her, and she prom
ised she wonld patronize Madam "Vane, for
whom Laura was at work, and have her
bonnets trimmed by her.
After Kate had gone, Forest sat long at
bis desk without writing a single word: bat
17-25 30-25
14-10 2 S
2225 25-22
10-8 69
25-30 22-17
2 31-28
j
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m
7f,
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