JHMMWMWWsMsWsMsMsMsMsIBsMWsMs ' S SF ' ' , ' ' J' THE PITTSBURG" DISPATCH,' SUNDAY, "MAT 4. 1890. , 19 t k y I ; f- THE SAFETY VALVES 1 fRA5--rr1fFTroW From Which Escape Pent-Up Paries 1 CL iuWwIl) V JlJ&Zsi Beneath the Earth's Crnst. I TVP- rjF PCULIAK1T1KS OP VOLCANOES. 1 jJiJp A STORY FOR THE LITTLE FOLKS. CWKITTEXrORTHI DISPATCH. 1 There liTed one time a very cruel tyrant whose name was neither Nero nor Caligula. Bnt he was even worse than either of these; for one day he sent forth a decree that the little girls in his kingdom should no longer play with dolls, and that within seven days their darlings must be carried to the market place and there destroj ed by fire. On ac count ot this decree a great sorrow rose in the land, not only among the children, but the mothers, too, grieved to see the affliction of their little ones. Yet no one dared to op pose the great King, who said that he wished the girls of his realm to grow up into use ful, loyal women, and that thp sillv dolls made them idle and childish. For the next six days the little girls spent all their time with their dolls and played more diligently than ever belore. There were visits, tea parties, balls and sew dresses, until the dolls became almost bewildered with so much gayety. One little girl, Flora, had the most beau tiful doll in the city. It was almost as large as herself, and had head, feet and arms of wax, and in its trnnk was a new dress lor every day in the week. Adele, for so the doll was called, had lor over a week lain neglected in a corner of the room. Her hair was uncombed, and stains o coflee and fruit were on her pretty blue dress. She was, therefore, very much surprised when Flora held her tenderly in her arms, kissed her again and again, crying: "Oh my dearest Adele, my beautiful doll, what shall I do without you? And to think they are going to take you away from me, where 1 shall never see von again." But while the. little mothers seemed ab sorbed in their play, their brains were act ive in making plans to save their treasures. Many ways had been suggested, bnt only one was favored by all. On the day when the dolls were to be destroyed, the kin, looking from a window in the royal palace, m '1 NNVWlS & MJtteV COMPLAINT OF THE saw in the distance a long procession of peo ple approaching the palace gate. As they came nearer he discovered the people to be hundreds of little girls in their best dresses, each leading or carrying a doll. In the front row were the lady dolls with wax laces and real hair. Then came the servant dolls, with china or wooden faces, and last of all the little babies in their long white dresses. "When the train had passed through the palace gale and bad stopped under tne king's window, the little maidens knelt be lore His Majesty,cryin!r,"Pardon, pardon." All the dolls joined in the chorus, and the babiet cried until the noise was so great that the King held his ears and begged lor quiet. Then Flora, leadfng Adele by the hand, stepped from the crowd and curtseying low, said: "Gracious King, we have heard your command, and art ready to obey; but we pray you will not take our children from us; lor we should be very unhappy without them." "When the King looked down on the dis tressed little aces, he said: "JTou may carry your dolls home with you, but on one" condi tion, that they are satisfied." And turning to the dolls, he asked, "Are you pleated?" The dolls who were very happv over the week's feasting and the new dresses, replied in a chorus: "We are contented." "Sow," said the King, "whenever you are neglected by your owners or receive rough treatment from them, if you will com plain to me, 1 shall see that you have your rights." The dolls bowed respectfully, and the happy procession moved away. For a time the little mothers cared most tenderly (or the children which they had so nearly lost; then some grew careless, and thelittledolls, remembering the King's words, thought it now time to complain. One night they all met in Adele's room in Flora's home and talked over their grievances. One said: "I've been left out in tne garden all night, and the rain took the cnrl out of my hair." Another said: "I have had to sleep on the floor two nights, while the kitten was covered np in niv bed " "Only think," cried a third, "I have had a hole punched in the back of my head, so that my little mistress could see how mv eyes open and shut." "But Adele had suflered most of all. "Only this moraine," sne said. "Flora's brother painted whisker? and a mustache on my face; and Flora laughed while he did it, too. I was so enraged. And how do I look now?" "While the others shed tears of svmpathy for their unfortunate friend, they could hardly refrain from smiling at the comical appearance of the dignified Adele. They all agreed that they ioull no longer endure such treatment, but would go at once to the King, as he had told them to do. Of course the baby dolls must stay behind, as thev were not able to walk, and there was no one to carry them. Very early the ne morning, before the King had had his breaklast.he heard a noise in the palace garden, and looking out saw the company ol dolls, who with their weak fine voices were trying to make themselves, heard. "When they had told their story, the King said: "iTou have done right in coming to me. I have been expecting you and have a room ready lor you, where you will always be comfortable and have no one to trouble you." He led the way to a large bright room in the back part of the palace. Here were small tables, tiny dishes, and a bed aud chair for each one. The dolls thought that they wonld be very happy in their new home, with no one to scold them for tearing TjUheir cl thes, or to punish them lor eating -Ttoo'mueh at the tea parties. The little hod fSowere so soft that they decided to rest 'Bponthem; and being very tired from their long journey were soon all fast asleep, ex cept a few who had china heads and could wrmmrBm - not close their eves. For a few days the dolls were very much delighted with their new quarters, and laughed to think how their owners would look in vain for them. ". But after awhile they grew very tired of being in the same room all the time, with no walks or rides in the garden. They be gan to grow verv cross, and even the stately Adele scolded, 'beeause she must always wear the time dress. The room did not look so large as at rirst and the little beds crew harder every night. In fact, the dolls became very discontented and thought if they could only get DacK to meir owners thev would never again complain. But how could this be done, for the door was locked and the King carried the key in his pocket. The windows were so high that thev could not even look out of them. One day, however, the door did open and the housemaid came in to dust and when she was through iorgot to close the door again. That nicht a procession ot dolls, headed by Adele, might have been seen gliding through the palace gate and along the city streets, and the next morning each little girl was happy to find her doll fast asleep in its bed. But no one knew ot a dollroom in the palace and the dolls never told where they spent their vacation. Paysie. THE ANGEL'S PICTURE BOOKS. Story of n Blind Bor Who Snwfor the First Time ns He Lav Upon Hi Bed In Rls Lnt sickness. TRANSLATED FBOM TITE GERMAX FOB THE DIS PATCH. There was once a little boy who had been blind irom the first day of bis birth. He longed vainly to see the beautiful flowers and birds, of which his mother told him; but, alasl all around him was dark. One night he had a most beautiful dream. He saw an angel hovering about his room, who presently stepped to the side of bis little DOLLS TO THE KINO. bed and said smilingly: "I have here a lovely picture book, which I show to good children at night while they are asleep. "Would you also like to see it?" "Alas! dear angel," replied the little one, weeping, "you must certainly have made a mistake. I am only the poor blind boy, who cannot see anything, not even your beautiful pictures." ( The angel dried the boy's tears and said: "xou can certainly see them as plainly as you now see me, and on that account I often visit blind children, so that they can see in dreams what they otherwise would never catch a glimpse ot." The heavenly visitor then sat down on the bed, opened a large, beautiful book and showed the boy many or the pictures. The blind child shouted for joy, for he could see all of them quite distinctly and he found the flowers and birds and all" other things in the book much more beautiful than he had actually supposed them to be. The kind angel also told him many of the stories and thus adJed greatly to the child's pleasure. "When they had looked at half of the book the angel rose and said: ".Now I must go hack to heaven, for it will soon be morning. To-morrow night I will come again and you shall then see the rest ot the pictures." "With these words he vanished, and dark ness once again surrounded the child. "When the mother came to her boy the next morning, he told all about the angel with his wonder ul picture book. She, however, spoke sadly, saying: "My poor boy, you are ill, and must remain in vour little bed to-day" He was perfectly willing to do so, for he felt very tired. He lay quite still, smiling now and then to hiiuseli, when he remem bered the angel's promise to visit him that night. "When evening came it brought the angel; the mother, however, who watched by the child's bed, could not see him nor hear him; not even when he told her boy the pretty ttories; but she trembled and grew anxious at the shortness of her bov's breath. When the blind child had seen the last picture, he begged; "Oh, dear angel, do come again as soon as ever you can and show me some more of your beautiful pictures. You surely have more than one picture book." The angel replied: "I have many, many far more beautiful aud I will show them all to vou, but they are up above, in heaven, and I dare not bring them down to earth. If you are willing to come with me, I may show them to you and tell you all about them." "I should like to come, so much," replied the poor child, "but I must first ask my mother and tell her where I am going. Come, do came to morrow evening and fetch me." The angel promised. "When the boy awoke he begged his mother to let him go to heaven so that be could see all the angel's lovely pictures. The mother wept bitterly and uid not want to part with him, but he beggeil so long and so earnestly tbat she finally gave her consent. "When night came the angel entered the room lor the third time, looking far lovelier ad sweeter than ever before. He kissed the little one on both eyes, and said: "Now look at your dear mother and bid her fare well. The blind boy looked round, recognized his mother, whom he had never seen before, and smiled upon her lovingly. The angel then r-Iaspea him in his arms, and flew with him up to the morning star to meet the rising sun. Florence K. R. Wade. Witter In tho Frjine-PnD. A frying pan should never touch water. Scour them out with salt the moment they are done with and wipe clean with a cloth. A washed omelet pan makes a poor omelet. SV s43'fJX'J5' niL I V Iffflin I zmm ,uw Lata That Plows a Mile a Minute and Dnst Ihat Sails Far Away. THE EUPTI0XS OP OLD TESTJTIDS IWBITTElf TOB THE DISPATCH.1 Volcanoes are the vents which nature makes in the surface of the earth in the vi cinity of her internal fires by which gases, steam and lava or molten rocks and min erals are allowed to escape from the mighty caldron which boils beneath. A volcanic ernption is preceded by great rumbling noises somewhere under the surface, causing a swaying of and sickening movement of all things terrestial. In 1796 a puff of smoke or steam was observed to come out of the Pacific ocean near Unalaska. Gradually a mouud arose out of the water amid great flames and earthquakes, and gradually but rapidly a volcano was formed and the whole country lor ten miles around was illuminated by the mighty flames, and their reflection on the black clouds of smoke. Several years after ward some hunters explored the volcano, which they Sound still so hot that they could tiot walk upon it It was then sev eral thousand feet high. An active volcano will thus in a few years erect itself into a gigantic mountain whose peak will pierce the clouds. The ernption begins with the emission of very fine whitish gray lava dust, which is caught up by the winds and carried im mense distances over the earth. The dust has been in a few hours detected in coun tries many hundreds of miles frcin the erup tion. At 30 miles' distance from a volcano in Central America the grout.d was covered ten feet deep with the ashes. A few years ago alter the tremendous eruption of the volcano at Krakatoa, in the Straits of Sun da, dust and mud were thickly scattered over a vast area, while fearful tidal waves washed the shores of Sumatra and Java. EFFECT OF THE DUST. . There were remarkable solar phenomena in Ceylon, South America and elsewhere attributed to the volcanic dust in suspen sion, and in the Uhited States for a long time the rosy appearance of the sky before and after sunset was caused by that stu pendous explosion as well as the Alaskan explosions which were in sympathv with it. Lava and scoria were ejected from Vesuvius at one time in an apparent columu of fire to the height of 10,000 feet. Lava doesn't always come from the crater or cone, but it bursts out of the sides of the mountain with the brightness of the sun and rushes down the sides at fearful speed, growing from a small stream into a great river. When earthquakes precede an eruption the whole neighborhood olten becomes fissured even up the sides of the volcano, giving the lava an easy escape through the hssures. When great bodies of snow are on the mountain top the sudden eruption causes the mountain to become intensely hot, but the falling of great quantities of hot stones and water, rapidly melts the snow and combined with the hot water from the crater it rushes down the steep de clivity in many mighty rivers, lerociously washing a resistless course to the sea. Even the solid lava cannot resist them. The side of a crater away from the wind is generally the highest as more of the scoria is blown that way." Some craters or caldrons are perpendicular for from 1.000 to 2,000 feet, appearing as though everything had slipped down in a straight line and left giant per pendicular walls like a tube In 1783 during a fearful upheaval at Hecla a great lateral fissure formed, through thichrana mighty river which flowed 100 miles with a depth of 600 to 1,000 feet, and a width atone place of 15 miles. Tim stream of lava would have equaled Mt. Blanc in bulk. WHEN THE LAVA HAEDEN3. The muttering aud rumbling and final heaving of the ground indicate what is going on down the precip itous tube of the volcano which is gradually filling up with lava, and which copiously emits great volumes of steam or gases; but if the filling is not vigorous, the top ot the mass will chill and stop theup ward movement which resistance causes a furious disturbance far below, until a great explosion from one ot the sides occurs aud the whole boiling mass will pour out with out going to the top of the crater. Volcanoes cannot be relied on as being classed among the dead. They mar lie quiescent for many years and then suddenly commence again. Stromboli, Cotopoxi and many others have been throwing off hot stones and steam since time had. a history; Vesuvius has been deceitful, lying dormant for 131 years at one time until the whole mountain, crater and all, had become covered with vines and brushwood and was the lair ot the wolf and the wild boar; but suddenly in 1601 an explosion occurred of such tre mendous violence as to send the echoes back to the year 79, when Herculaueum and Pompeii were engulfed with hot water and ashes. It had been clashed as a dead volcano. Kilanea is a vast crater on the eastern side of JlaunaLoa volcano in Hawaii. They are the same mouutain, having two outlets, but entirely independent ot each other. Kilanea is always active, and the slowly boiling pots of lava can be seen any time of moderate activity from the slopes around. The streams of lava cool quickly on the sur face and form hard crusts on which the ad venturous can walk within a few days and see through the fissures beneath them the glowing, burning lava. UPHEAVALS AND DEPRESSIONS. The country around a volcano is often changed suddenly. During the last century a volcano appeared in the midst of the great table land of Mexico and raised a section of four square miles about 530 feet above its former level and throwing up many conical hills, one of them being 1,600 feet high. At other places subsidences have occurred. In 1772 a mountain in Java, Papandayang, was partly swallowed, and the residents) trying in their alarm to escape, were en gulfed with their homes and fields. A dis trict 15 iuiies long by 6 wide subsided and soon dinappeaied. Volcanoes throw out vast quantities of water. It would seem tbat they are con nected underneath with the sea, or great volnmes of subterranean water. The water comes into contact with the fiery bodies of lava, and, forming steam, bursts its confine ments, accompanied by preliminary rumblings and ending with a tremendous outburst which shakes the world. The Sonth American volcanoes throw out fish, while one in Java throws ont hot acid water. Some throw up mud. The eruptions of Vesuvius are preceded by the dminuition of the water in the springs ana wells in the district, but a better iudic ition is from the tremors of the ground. The vapors from the crater increase while the lava boils steadily up in the tube and great puffs of smoky rings are shot heavenward until they torm a column two miles high above the crater. Great fiery stones shoot high up in the air, and sometimes fall beyond the base ol the mountain. The increase and de crease of the convulsions can be determined by the violence of the explosions which ex pel these rings. POWERFUL OLD VESUVIUS. The explosions of Vesuvius have been very remarkable. Up to 79 A. D. it was considered dead, but the remarkable explo sion ot that year blew "out the southern side of the crater the greatest explosion in his tory. Stones of large size have been found in Pompeii which came from the enter. At every explosion since that time whole sec tions of the crater were disrupted by the blowing up of the floor of the crater, which gets very hard. The volcano throws ont dust in remarkable Quantities which blackens the whole sky for days like a great I pall, aud not only falling thickly on the houses in the neighborhood, but traveling many miles with the wind. ' Herculaueum and Pompeii were nofr com pletely covered up by the explosion ot 79, but by 60 subsequent explosions, as the many layers ot scoria will show. Hercu laneum was buried 70 feet deep, while-Pompeii was only covered about 17 feet, and as very few ornaments and little jewelry or articles of value were found, it is supposed that after the first few days the relatives and friends who had escaped or lived at a distance, came to the relief of their fallen friends and buried them, secur ing many of their valuable effects. The elder Pliny was commanding the Boman fleet off those shores, and while going to the help of the inhabitants he got too near the foot of the volcano ami was suffocated by the sulphurous gas. Whenever a human body was left the volcanic mud "packed tightly arouud it, and after many years the body entirely disappeared, so that when the exca vators came across one of these human cavi ties, soft plaster ot paris is run into the mold and a splendid figure of the original is often the result. AS IT IS TO-DAY. Vesuvius is still boiling and bubbling. The lava around the crater is so hot as to be fatal to shoe soles: it teems with hot vapors and is covered with beautiful efflorescences of sulphur. Smoke issues Irom numerous crevices, at the entrance of which a stick or piece of paper will catch fire in a moment. A very strange thing is that a stone thrown into one ot these crevices causes every other crevice to increase its smoke. The "rumb ling can be plainly heard. Near to this is the crater itself, shaped like a funnel, from 400 to 500 feet deep without a particle ol fire in it, hut sealed, silent and solemn; and yet in 1777 that crater sent up toward heaven a column of fire 10,000 feet high. In the eruption of 1872 Director Palmieri, of the meteorological observatory located on the side of the volcano, had the great courage to remain at the observatory to watch the great eruption while the building was surrounded with the glowing flood. In the quiet action of Stromboli the column of lava in the gigantic pipe seems to rise and fall with a rythmical motion. At every rise the column will be covered with immense blisters which heave and sink, and finally explode with such energy as to re verberate against the walls of the great tube and nake the crater vibrate. Occasionally fragments of hard lava will be torn off and thrown high into the air, while at Vesuvius great pufls or balls of Bteam will be shot up to great heights. The Icelandic volcanoes thiow out great quantities of dust, which travels very far by aerial currents. The dust from them has fallen on occasions between the Shetland and Orkney islands, and vessels at sea have had the strange deposit to shovel off their decks. HOW LAVA FLOWS. Lava differs in fluidity in different volca noes, and the rapidity of its descent depends on that and on the pitch of the mountain. It has been known to flow almost a mile a minute on the mountain side, but as it cools it gets much slower. A very strange fact is that it holds its heat longer than any other substance known. The Jovilla vol cano, in Mexico, sent ont a great body of lava in 1759, and 21 rears afterward cigars were lit at the fissures in the deposit. At 41 years it still sent up steam, while at 87 years two columns of vapor were still aris ing. This slow rate of cooling is of high geological significance in considering the cooling of the earth. There are uianv mud volcanoes over the earth, which are generally cold. A vast body of mud and water -from Vesuvius in 16G2 destroyed manv Boman villages, with their inhabitants, as it also did in the first century. These mud and cold water dis charges are caused by gases (probablv nat ural gas), as-niauy volcanoes emit great vol umes of highly inflammable gas and naphtha. There is one district in Java, a hollow, which entices animals by its seclusiveness. The ground emits a great quantity ol car bonic acid, aud everything passing within its fatal circle is suffocated. This place was long known as the Valley of Death, or the Valley of the Bohou TJpas, and a tree of that name was supposed lor a long time to contain the poison. Bumbalo. AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA. Wonders Seen By Divers OIT the Florida Const Danger From Sbnrics. Iu 6t. Nicholas for May C. F. Holder gives his experience as a diver off the Flor ida coast: "The fishes were beautiful," ho writes. "Some swam over my arms and let me move my hands toward them. But most were shy. As to the stories of sharks, they are in the main not true. I have had a shark come within five feet of roe, and when I raised my arm it darted off iu such a hurry that the boiling of the water nearly threw me off my feet. Of course, there may be cases where a very large shark might at tack a diver; but if he should attack one wearing the modern diver'shelmetor armor, I think the shark would have a hard time of it copper and glass would not make a very good mouthful. "A friend ol mine had a funny experi ence. He was walking on a sandy bottom, when suddenly he was lifted upward, then thrown backward, and, but for his pike, would have fallen. For a few seconds the water was not clear. Then he saw that the cause of his upset was a big skate that had been lying partly buried in the sand asleep, perhaps. He bad stepped with his leaden shoes right on its back. "Among the strange things that may be seen by divers is the ocean forest, off the eastern coast. The sandy bottom there is covered with the hardened, roots of great trees, and in some instances' parts of trunks arc standing, showing that the coast there must have settled, and that the sea there has rolled in over the land. Sometimes we go down at night, and then the scene under water is otten a beautiful sight. Every jelly fish and living creature seems to be ablaze with light; your rope appears to be 'on fire, aud every motion makes the "water glimmer. The crabs and fishes sparkle, many with a light of their own. So, you see,'iustead of being a dark and barren place, as the majority of people seem to re gard it, the ocean, even at the greatest depths, is probably made bright by the very animals that most need the light." THE SALVATION ARMY. Questions Put to the Applicant for Admis sion to the Ranks. Hew York "World. I was assigned by the editor to join the Salvation Army and then write it up. I was given a big envelope filled with blanks to be filled out. Among the questions asked are: Are you in debt? If so, how much and why? Can you play any musical instrument? If so what? Have you -got one? Can you raise tunes? Can you read hymns at first sight? If single, are vou courting? If so, who? Do von understand that you may not be allowed to marry until two years after your appointment as an officer? If vou are not courting, do you pledge vourself to abstain from anything of the kind lor at least 12 months after your ap pointment as an officer? Do you pledge yourself not to carry on courtship with anyone at the station to which you are at the time appointed? Do you pledge yourself never to commence or allow 1? commence or break off anything of the sort without first inlorming the Com missioner of your intention to do so? Do you pledge yourself never to marry anyone, marriage with whom wonld take you out of the army altogether? If married, does your wife depend on yonr support ? It so, to what extent? Do you pledge yourself to spead not less than nine hours a day in the active service of the army, of which not less than three hours of every week-day shall be spent in visitation? Do you perfectly understand that no sal ary or allowance is guaranteed to you and that you will have no claim against the Salvation Army or against any one con nected therewith on account of salary or al lowance not received by you? Evidences as to Its Nature Derived From Its Utehest Effect. MAN AND THE ARGUMENT FOR GOD Existenca of Intelligence, Will, Person ality and Conscience. INTUITIVE AND 1NSTKUCTIVB FACTS rwBirrnr fob tub dispatch. We are in the midst of the statement of the argument for God. There are three steps in the argument, each indicated by one word. The first step is indicated by the word cause, the second by the word nature, the third by the word man. There is change, and change implies cause, and cause implies first cause. It is worth while to emphasize this ultimate fact a second time, because it is popularly called in question. I say "popularly" because no philosopher, nobody acquainted with the laws ot reasoning and the nature of thought, doubts it. He may be an atheist, still he will affirm and is aware that be must affirm that there is a first cause. A surface ob jection, however, easily presents itself, and in such plausible shape that it misleads some, and it is desirable, therefore, that everybody should know tne answer to it. The objection comes after this fashion: What is the cause ol the first cause? ''You find a watch, and you say that it exhibits or shows design. You insist that it is so won der, ul that it must have had a designer in other words, that it is too wonderful not to have been constructed. You find the; watch maker, and you say with regard to him that he, too, must have had a designer, tor he is more wonderful than the watch. In imagina tion you go from the watchmaker to the being you call God, and you say He designed the watchmaker, bur He Himself nas not designed because He is too wonderful to have been designed. And yet in the case of the watch and of the watchmaker it was the wonder that sug gested design, while in the case of the maker of the watchmaker the wonder denies a designer. Do yon not see that this argu ment destroys itself?" Back we go from effect to cause, but why stop anywhere? ONLY ONE SEAL CAUSE. The answer to the question is two evident facts. One is the fact ol cause. The other is the fact that there is only one real cause, and that is an uncaused cause. Or else cause is a delusion, in which case there Is an end to all sane thinking. This is the dilemma. Between two conditions we must choose, each of them beyond the circumfer ence of comprehension, between an endless succession ot causes with no initial cause at all or an uncaused cause. But the choice, it must be plain, is simply between cause and no canse. But if we say there is no cause we have committed intellectual sui cide. Thus we affirm the first step in the argument for God. There is a first cause. What is this cause? Is it matter or mind? We may learn that by stndying its effects. There are two effects of the first cause. One is nature; the other is man. We look out at nature. Here are two evident facts, the fact of uniformity and the 'i lies behind snch facts as these? There is mc: ot adjustment. What Uind of cause only one valid mode of reasoning, and that is to argue Irom tne Known to the unknown. Is there, then, any cause known to us which produces such effects as tliete. There is, and one only, and that cause what is it? It is an intelligent will. We look out then upon the uniiormity and the adjustment of nature and say an intelligent will did this. And so saying we take the second step in the argument for God. We turn now from the fact of nature to the lact of man. The first cause made us. And what are we? INDUCTION AND INTUITION. But just here comes in a distinction be tween the ways of ascertaining truth. Truth is arrived at by induction and by intuition. We gather a great many facts together, and finding by a process of induction that all the facts say the same thing, we assert that that common testimony is a general principle. This is the reasoning by which we know tbat there is order and design in the world of nature. Intuition, however, is an imme diate affirmation of truth, with no prelimi naries ot argument. Whatever we know by induction we know by a process ot argu ment; but whatever we know by intuition, we know simply because we know it. We may not be able to tell bow we know it; nevertheless, we know it. Intuitive truth, that is, is self-evident, universal, necessary. It cannot be contradicted without absurdity. It is worth while noticing, just here, tbat of these two processes of arriving at truth the intuitive process, whenever it can be used, is by far the more certain. There may be some mistake about our inductive reason ings, we may be generalizing for insuffi cient data, but so long as we keep our sanity there can be no doubt about our intuitive affirmations. Unless these are true, we must stop thinking. Bp this process ot intuition we learn four facts about ourselves. The fact of intelli gence, the fact of will, the lact of person ality, the fact of conscience. Two of these facts, intelligence and will, we have been taking for granted all along duriug this argument. We have thoughts, we have purposes that we know. Intelli gence and will we so take for granted that when we see uniformity in nature we infer intelligence bebiud it, and when we see ad justment iu nature we infer will behind it, without the consciousness of any need at all to prove that there is any intelligence or any will anywhere. That is, we know it. THEY ABE INTUITIVE FACTS. We are all tbiuking at this moment. That is as sure as that the sun is in the sky. I lift my hand, my will does that. Intelli gence and v ill are intuitive facts. I know not how we would proceed to prove them, any more than I know how to prove such tacts as time and space. We simply know that these are true. No metaphysics, no argumentation can persuade the -sane man that he does not think: that he does not will. He does And that is the end of it. See how this emphasizes the argument from nature. Here is an effect of the first cause, an effect which thinks and wills. What kind of cause must that be which lies behind such an effect as this? Is it mind or is it matter out of which has proceeded a thinking and self-determining being? We inferred from nature that the first cause is an intelligent will; now we infer it with double force from man. He that made the eye, shall He not see? He that made the mind, shall He not think? We take the third lact, the fact of per sonality. Will anybody deny personality? Will anybody contradict the assertion that I am I? A great philosopher, alter ques tioning all things in earth and heaven, got at last on solid ground, when he said: "I think; therefore I am." That, at least, he was sure of. No one was ever so doubtful as, to doubt that he was doubtful. We know, as we do not know any fact in the external world, that toe are. We talk about being sure, about really knowing this and that. Some say that what they see they Know, and nothing else. Do we know then what we see? We look across the plain at the distant hills, and the hills are blue. Are the hills blue? We look at the ship in the water and the ship is twisted. Is it a crooked ship? The air is empty, xe look across and through it and there is noth ing there. Is there nothing there? The air is crowded with living creatures. THE MIND ONLT IS CERTAIN. The decisions of the. eye are in constant need of revision, sometimes of reversal, by the mind. The only absolutely sure affirma tions are made by the mind. The only pos itively certain facts are mental facts. lam, that I know. When it is urged by the ma terialist that thought is but a succession oi mere sensations, and tbat therefore there is no such thing as mind, we simply know ucuer. vv a kuow luul mere is a uisuacuuu between our thoughts and ourselves who think. ThU ii worth emphasizing, became it shows how the fact of spiritual being and the fact of physical phenomena are related to certainty. The one certain fact in this world is the fact of spiritual being. There is nothing in all our experience so absolute ly sure as the existence of that something which nobody can ree, nor hear, nor touch, nor locate, nor even make a mental picture of, which we call oneself. Out of the first cause, then, came as an effect man, a person al being. Did an impersonal cause effect a personal being? Is it likely? Is it rea sonable? A cause mnst be adequate to its effect. The whole of the efiect must have been present iu the whole cause, or else something in the effect was caused by noth ing. Is an impersonal cause adequate to effect a personal being? Indeed, we have already shown that the first cause is characterized by intelligence and will. Can these conceivably exist save in a person? Must we not call the firs cause "He?" QUESTION OF INVISIBILITY. If it be objected that the first cause can not be a person because it is invisible we have a ready answer. So are we invisible, in so far as our intelligence, will and per sonality are concerned. No man living has ever seen another man, nor has seen even himself. You may look at yourself in the looking glass for a whole day, but will see your head, not yourself. The body is no more ourself than the garments are with which we clothe it. We see that the invisible-spiritual beings who dwell about us make their existence known by certain visible and audible manifestations. We know from our own personality that these manifestations indicate such intelligence, will and personality as we are conscious of ourselves. So we believe in the existence of man. We believe that within that body is a man; that the cause which moves that hand, which uses the vocal organs to ex press intelligible sounds, is a spiritual be ing. Unseen, unheard, unimaginable as to place or shape, but looking out of human eyes, smiling with human lips, grasping our hand with his hand, is a man. And we believe in the same way in the existence of God. We cannot see God any more than we can see each other, for God is a spirit as we are. But the world is full of spiritual beings, making themselves known by intelligible acts, and behind all fs a Supreme Spiritual Being, makiug Himself known in the same manner. If it be further objected that the. first cause cannot be personal because He is in finite, we answer that He is indeed infinite, because we cannot think of Him as less than infinite. The world as we see it nature and man together does not necessarily de mand an infinite Maker. It demands only a Maker immeasurably greater than man But the first cause must be an infinite cause, because there also ran the mind rest. That the first cause is infinite is a mental fact. HIGHEST FOBM OP BEING. But the first cause is personal, also, be cause personality is the highest form of being we are awarf of. If God is less than personal He is less than we are. The cause is not adequate to the effect. At the same time, we do well to remember that per sonality is but a halting word. It is no more than a word "thrown out," as Matthew Arnold would have said, at an idea. It is quite inadequate. So, too, is the pronoun "He" inadequate, setting a limitation of sex. We must, however, use some kind of language. We must express ourselves in human speech. Tbat is the best we have. Words are but the counters of thought, not its solid com. "Personality" seems to come as near to the truth as a word can come. The real trntb, as Mr. Herbert Spencer has affirmed, lies not between per sonality and something lower, but between personality aud something higher. God is all that we are, and more infinitely. The other characteristic of man which en ters into this argument is conscience. We may say what we will about the origin of conscience; we may maintain what we please about its relation to pain and pleas ure, to loss and gain, and about its possible development out of vagueness into definiteness: we may say also what we will about the decisions of conscience, and its relations to latitude and longitude. These considerations are quite beside the point. Man has a conscience. Everybody is aware instinctively and irresis tibly of a difference between right and wrong. Everybody is conscious, moreover, of some influence within him which is for ever persuading him toward right, and say ing "no" to the inclinations of his will toward wrong. The word "ought" is in all languages. The word "duty" was not in vented either by moralists or by dictionary makers. That it is right to do right, and wrong to do wrong, all sane people, from one end of the world to the other, from one pnd of time to the other, will tell us. ABSOLUTELY SUEE OF CONSCIENCE. That there is a law of righteousness dis tinct from our own will, above our own will, we know. Our definitions may be quite in adequate, and our obedience still more in adequate, but that there is a voice within, characteristic ol our inmost being, that we are absolutely sure of. We are aware, it is true, of defect and sin in our own lives and in the lives of others, but we are conscious of all this defect and sin as wrong, that is, as opposed to the voice of that inward monitor which we call conscience. What kind of cause lies behind a con science? I say that the Being who made a man with a conscience is a moral Being. We look from the individual to the race. We go back in history and watch the growth of man. What kind of a history is it? It is a history of moral progress. There is defect, wrong, sin all along. But these are essential to progress. Tnev simply mean that things did not begin perfect. Piogress implies an imperfect beginning and im- Eerlection all along. Evolution has no etter illustration than the growth of the human race iu goodness. Step by step man has gone on in the path which leads to righteousness. Compare the Old Testament with the New. Compare the past with the present anywhere. Here is a race of men standing for the fact of moral progress. The great first cause instill at work making man better. What kind of cause can it be? I look out at nature and at man, I look around me and within me, seeking to know the character of the cause which made all this. And when I see the uniformity and the adjustment of nature, when I perceive the intelligence, the will, the personality, the conscience of man, then I say tbat an infinite, supreme, intelligent, sell-determining, righteous and personal spiritnal Being made all this. Season reinforces faith. The mind and the heart unite their voices in the first sentence of the Christian creed: I be lieve in God. George Hodges. YANKEES IK BEBMUDA. Work of the Mnn Who Is Now Entertaining; Ex- President Hayes. New York Star. 1 I caught a glimpse the other day of ex President Hayes as he passed through the city to take the steamer for Bermuda. I see by the papers that he goes Jhere as the guest oi General Russell Hastings, who married his niece. It will be recalled that Genral Hastings' wedding took place in the White House dnring the Hayes regime. Hastings has been a resident of Bermuda for nearly ten years now. He went there a hopeless invalid, and not only did the cli mate restore his health, but he has found it impossible to live elsewhere with safety. He has acquired a beautiful estate on the islands, and, Yankee, like, is the foremost man in introducing improvements and in novations in the far-awav aud backward community in which he resides. The beautiful Bermuda lilies, which come from there at Easter time, Were first crown on a large scale by him, and already form a considerable item in the revenue and trade of the islands. He continues to be a thorough American, aud a slight limp testi fies to a wound he received in battle dnring the Atlanta campaign. Exnmples Not to be Cited. Detroit Free Press, Physicians who contend that tobacco in jures and ber befuddles are asked to" make a note of the fact that the new German Chancellor "never has a pipe out oi his mouth, and drinks beer bv the gallons." How does it come that he is so smart and lively? And then Bismarck! Everybody knows how much he could drink and smoke. THE FIRESIDE SPHIIX A Collection of Enismafical Its for Home Cracfing. Address communications for this department to E. R. Chadbourn. LewUton, Maine. 1025 REBUS. "Oft In the stilly night, when slumber's chains have bouod me, . .. Fond memory sbeds the light of other days around me." Edith Estes. 1026 CHARADE. First. I am God's chosen people, who His will and purpose always do. And who obtain immortal bliss In a murh better world than this. Ai.iin. I'm but a silly fool Whom all despise and ridicule; I may be either, or may be An animal you often see. Second. I am the bottom and the sides Of ships tbat have tbe ocean's tidesf Or I may be a kind of case To bold furled sails in my embrace. On every animal I'm shown. Though I'm neither flesh nor bone. In a colloquial way I show What scholars do who little know. Whole. "While college student delve and grope In learning's balls lam their hope, Anl all their studious efforts tend To cet me when their course shall end, I'm their reward, and tbe degree Conferred on theqt must come through me, And yetyZrtt. second shows the name Of what 3. first may rightly claim. Nzlsonian. 1027 DIAMOND. I. A letter. 2. Chief or commander. 3. An animal, i. Congressman Irom the Ninth Mas sachusetts district. 5. One tbat Incloses. 8. A. celebrated heroine in "1 he Mirror ol Knight hood" (Web.). 7. Raved as a mauman (Obs.). 8. Certain minerals. 9. Advises (Obs.). 10. To put In order (Prov. Eng.). lL A letter. H. C. BUF.QER. 1028 CURTAILMENT. By all of exertion, and monstrous two, I opened tbe ball door and quickly passed through; Tbe house was my own, and I felt, be it Known, A feeling akin to vexation, 'tis true. My ring was uheeded, my rapping the same, No Bridget replied, though I called her by name; Then I thought of my Key, and applied it with glee That is, in soma haste to see what was to blame. There sat my domestic, as calm as you please, "With her "cousin," she said they were sap ping at ease And she solemnly said, though her face was some red. That she'd not heard a sound of tbe bell, not a wheeze. Bitter Sweet. 1020 HALF SQUARE. 1. A family of minute organisms found In va rious infusions, in the purulent matter of tu mors and even in tbe tartar of the teeth. 2. One who lives ata distance from tbe sea. 3. A distended membranons pericarp. 4. Semi-di-ameter of a sphere. 5. A river of Asia. 6. Lyric poems. 7. A (Scripture proper name. 8. A termination denoting an agent. 9. A letter. Frank. 1030 ANAGRAM. Rogues in high places often reign; Cupidity "invites to gam," And sometimes in a lofty sphere Fraud and venality appear. In congress hails corruption stalks. And bare-faced briber boldly walks. And those to wbum we trust oar weal. By jobbers tempted, often steaL But when tbe press becins to sbont. And when the people nnd them out. How honest then those statesmen are! What threats vindictive they declare! A whole is ordered ('tis a sham) To and who steals from Uncle Sam. Are those who're guilty brought to light And humbled in the public sightT Are felons punished on tbe spot? I grieve to say tbat they are not. Such useless wholes are all in vain To stop men from unlawful gain. IELSONIAN. 1031 NEW ASTRONOMY. Shonld the sun and moon together come When the latter has lately changed. 'Twould make the astronomers all look glum For their figures disarranged. From such an event they've taught us long To look for a dark eclipse; But a prophet appears to prove them wrong. With wisdom's words on his lips. w. Wilson. 1032 SQUARE. L German economist, b. 1817. 2. Humbold- tine. 3. A city of Palestine. 4. Applauded. 5. A people of Italy, of Samnite origin. 6. French printer (1C03-1559). 7. Prepared (obs.). H. C. Burger. 1033 SYNCOPATION. Wealth, luxury, and all that's grand. Whatever money can command. Servility, that bends the knee To lordly rank and royalty. Are found in wholes; tor there reside Great potentates in all their pride. Wholes are lasts, as some suppose, Exempt from ordinary woes. The lasts where jov incessant reigns, AVitbont tbe mingling of life's pains; Yet closer view would show alloy. And all such notions false destroy; For many a dweller in a cot Has pleasures that a king knows not. Nelsonian. 1034 TRANSPOSITION. Of varyingytrjti society. In town or village, e'er will be: For, as you know, birds of a feather Do always congregate together. The plan, though favored by the proud, Wonld suit no less tbe common crowd; One midst those of like caliber Feels easiest. I do aver. And yet at all times somo have next. Been scandalized, indignant, vexed. Because their efforts to aspire To a society much higher Than that in which before they went. Have met with no enconragemenr. Bitter sweet. may prizes. A finely printed, handsomely bound and very useful book a prize to be proud of will be f (resented tbe sender of each of the best three ots of answers to tbe puzzles published during Mar. The solutions must be forwarded weeklv. and it should be remembered that even a lew may win. ANSWERS. 1016 Long Branch, Cohoes, Lowell. 1017 Pasteboard. 1018 Cancellation. 1019 C A K O T ID A N E M O E K E V E R S E OMENTUM TORTURE INSURES D E E M E S T 1020 Utopia. 1021 Countenance. iaa F U K I W A Y B R E B E O It C B Bach E N D E R U II I a A R K L j. I L E I. A R n 1) v A. R D E H A. L E I N A I A B ATT 8 W E SET Taxi i 8 O A B TJ T N O I 1023 Ironing. 1021-Tip-tip. Twelve Times Five Handrcd. 500 dozen boxes of Krause's headache capsules have been sold in this city and Allegheny since the 18th of Jan uary. Every box is sold on a posi tive guarantee to cure any kind of a headache, no matter what the canse; per fectly harmless; especially recommended to prevent headaches caused by over indulging in food or driuk Jate at night. Ask any leading druggist for them, and take noth ing else. Capsules are easier to- take than powders, wafers or elixirs, etc 25 cents a MX, TTSU NEW ADVEKTISE31ESTS. WM. RADAiVi'S IQRQEE CILLER. Cures Ail Diseases. All sickness is caused by disease germs, called microbes. If you are in poor health or suffer ing from any acute or chronic disease, if jcMt blood is impure, you should read np on v germ theory. Our pamphlets explaining above and giving bistory of tbe Microbe Km are given away or mailed free to any address, rittsburir Branch, 612 Liberty ave.. Room 3, Second Floor. The Wm. Radam Microbe Killer Co., 54 hlXTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITT. apl3-lJ3-su yMfjzzs 'wa 13 CHILDREN LEARN ECONOMY. I TaacherlZ by the U30 of Wolffs Blacking yon save one pair of Sioefl a year, and a bottle at 15 cents lasts three montns. for how many years blacking will one year's saving' In shoe- Leather pay? Jjk n Drug, Paint nnd Haute Frnuhwg Store for PIk-Ron, uhich will Stain Old & new furnituhc TamfaTi WILL STAIN GLASS AND CH1NAWARC flf ffiQ will Stain Tinwarc samo will Stain your Old Baskets time will Stain Baby's Coach and 77fvr; WOLF? & EANDOLPH, Philadelphia. mhJl-TTSSU BOTTLES Cured mo of Erysipo Us. Mv taco and head were Terribly Swoll en. Mkj. C. S. Lord, Agawam. Hampden Co.. Mass. mvl-DWk MEDICAL. HITTS S14 PEXN AVENUE, PJTTsUUltG. PA. As old residents know and back ales of Pitts, burg papers prove, is the oldest established and most prominent phjsician in the city, de voting special attention to all chronic diseases. ST5SSN0 FEEUNTILCURED Mrnn Q and mental diseases, physical mLm V UUO decay, nervous debility, lackof energy, ambition and hope, impaired memory, disordered snrht, self distrust, bashfnlness, dizziness, sleeplessness, pimples, eruptions, im povenshed blood, failing powers, organic weak ness, dyspepsia, constipation, consumption, un fitting the person for business, society and mar nage. permanently, safely and privately cured. BLOOD AND SKIN SSSiMS blotches, falling hair, bones, pains, glandularj swellings, ulcerations of tongue, mouth, throat ulcers, old sores, are cured for life, and blood poisons thoroughly eradicated from the system. 1 1 Dl M A P V fcidl,cy and bladder derange UnmrtnTj ments. weak back, gravel, catarrhal dlschirgc, inflammation and othec painful symptoms reci ive searching treatment prompt relief and real cures. Dr. Whittier's lile-long; extensive experienca insures scientific and reliiblo treatment on common sense principles. Consultation free. Patients at a distance as carefully treated a l here. Office hours 9 A. M. to 8 p. 3f. Sunday, 10 A. M. to 1 p. m. only. DR. WH1TTIER. Sli Penn avenue. Pittsbnrir, Pa. mhS-21-DSuwk " &; Z 'Af'A How Lost! How Regained. KM TWSEL& JL'JciU scisitce: op xxsrza A Scientific and Standard Popular lledical Treatise oa the Errors of Youth, Premature Dechac,Nervona and Physical Debility, Impurities of the Blood, Ki Resulting from Folly, Vice, ignorance. Ex cesses or Overtaxation, Enervating and unfit ting tho victim for Work, Business, the Mar riage or Social Relations. Avoid unskillful pretenders. Possess this great work. It contain COT pases, royal S'o. He mtiful uimlmg, embossed, full pit. Price, only SI by mail, postpaid, concealed in plain wrapper. Illustrative Prospectus Free, If yott apply now. Tho distinguished antbor. W m. H. Parker. M. D., received the GOLD AND JEW ELED MEDAL from the National Medical As sociation, for this PRIZE ESSAY on NERV0U3 and PHYSICAL DEBILITY. Dr. Parker and a corps of Assistant Pliys.cins may be cra f ulted. conhdcntially. bv mail or In person, as the office of THE PEA30DY MEDICAL IN STITUTE, No. 4 Bulfinch St, Boston. Mass.. to whom all orders for books or letters for advice should be directed as above. auI8-G7-TaFrsnWt GRAY'S SPECIFIC MEDICINE CURES NERVOUS DEBILITY. LOST VIGOR. LOSS Or MEMORY. Ku II partlcjlars la pamphlet sent free. The jtenulne liray' bp-clttc sold by drngl3U only la, ' yellow wrapper. Price. II per package, or six lor $5, or by mall on rpcelnt of nrlce. bv address ing THE GKAY MEDICINE CO, llullalo, H. r Sold In Pittsburg brS. S. HOLUANtt. corner EmUhflrlil and Liberty sis. mhi7-3-DWlt ioIu's Cotrtoia. 3ECOOTJ COMPOUND Cbmnosed of Cotton Hoot, Tansy and Pennyroyal a recent discovery by an 'old physician. Is rucccssfullu used irwnu.tu Safe. Effectual. Price $1. by mall. sealed, iiaies, ass your armrgist lor ixw&s Cotton Root Compound and take no substitute, or Inclose 2 stamps for sealed particulars. Ad dress PONI LILY COMPANY. No. 3 Flahe Block, 131 Woodward ave.. Detroit, Mich. -Ctf-riold in Pittsborg. Pa by Joseph Flem ing & Son, Diamond and Market sM. se26-2 J-TTSUWkEOWX 1 A X? mEH va s. 4 tsk f&ETQ Suffcrliic from the erlects of youthful errors, early decay, wastinjr weakness, lost manhood, eta. I will send a valuable treatise (sealed) contalnics fall particulars for home cure. FREE of charge. A splendid medical work : shonld bn read by every man who is nervon and debil-ated. Address, ProCF.C.FOVLER,IIIoo(lns,ConBi oclO-K-DSuw-. OST POWER! Nervk Bsans cure all nerroos weakness la either sex actio? on the Nerres, Brain and other orzans. An mtsilut curt lot all male and female weakness. Lost memory, bad dream s and aversion to society positively cured. $x per box, postpaid. Six botes. $5- Address Nerve Bean Co.. Buflalo, N. Y. At Joseph Fleming & Son's, 4 is Market SC. C-t. and old; postage paid. Address . Cuitoat,3Sl Cohsmbtu An., Boston, Vsm BUliO-IS-WTSaW H Ug75Z Jkfi v IOiP eSl B K-IIS INI Sf A PAJNT TffAT Oftt 'ft. m CAM JIT THROUGH. 1 sV CTOH ER 0HSmiLW fbM lOslll KHWrfP-TEr-yM'WSi fmimMmfmiim BtiSS jH-ifcir. 1 -
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers