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SF ' ' , ' ' J' THE PITTSBURG" DISPATCH,' SUNDAY, "MAT 4. 1890. , 19 t
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I ; f- THE SAFETY VALVES
1 fRA5--rr1fFTroW From Which Escape Pent-Up Paries
1 CL iuWwIl) V JlJ&Zsi Beneath the Earth's Crnst.
I TVP- rjF PCULIAK1T1KS OP VOLCANOES.
1 jJiJp
A STORY FOR THE LITTLE FOLKS.
CWKITTEXrORTHI DISPATCH. 1
There liTed one time a very cruel tyrant
whose name was neither Nero nor Caligula.
Bnt he was even worse than either of these;
for one day he sent forth a decree that the
little girls in his kingdom should no longer
play with dolls, and that within seven days
their darlings must be carried to the market
place and there destroj ed by fire. On ac
count ot this decree a great sorrow rose in
the land, not only among the children, but
the mothers, too, grieved to see the affliction
of their little ones. Yet no one dared to op
pose the great King, who said that he wished
the girls of his realm to grow up into use
ful, loyal women, and that thp sillv dolls
made them idle and childish. For the next
six days the little girls spent all their time
with their dolls and played more diligently
than ever belore. There were visits, tea
parties, balls and sew dresses, until the
dolls became almost bewildered with so
much gayety.
One little girl, Flora, had the most beau
tiful doll in the city. It was almost as
large as herself, and had head, feet and arms
of wax, and in its trnnk was a new dress lor
every day in the week. Adele, for so the
doll was called, had lor over a week lain
neglected in a corner of the room. Her hair
was uncombed, and stains o coflee and fruit
were on her pretty blue dress. She was,
therefore, very much surprised when Flora
held her tenderly in her arms, kissed her
again and again, crying: "Oh my dearest
Adele, my beautiful doll, what shall I do
without you? And to think they are going
to take you away from me, where 1 shall
never see von again."
But while the. little mothers seemed ab
sorbed in their play, their brains were act
ive in making plans to save their treasures.
Many ways had been suggested, bnt only
one was favored by all. On the day when
the dolls were to be destroyed, the kin,
looking from a window in the royal palace,
m
'1 NNVWlS
& MJtteV
COMPLAINT OF THE
saw in the distance a long procession of peo
ple approaching the palace gate. As they
came nearer he discovered the people to be
hundreds of little girls in their best dresses,
each leading or carrying a doll. In the
front row were the lady dolls with wax
laces and real hair. Then came the servant
dolls, with china or wooden faces, and last
of all the little babies in their long white
dresses. "When the train had passed through
the palace gale and bad stopped under tne
king's window, the little maidens knelt be
lore His Majesty,cryin!r,"Pardon, pardon."
All the dolls joined in the chorus, and the
babiet cried until the noise was so great that
the King held his ears and begged lor quiet.
Then Flora, leadfng Adele by the hand,
stepped from the crowd and curtseying low,
said: "Gracious King, we have heard your
command, and art ready to obey; but we
pray you will not take our children from us;
lor we should be very unhappy without
them."
"When the King looked down on the dis
tressed little aces, he said: "JTou may carry
your dolls home with you, but on one" condi
tion, that they are satisfied."
And turning to the dolls, he asked, "Are
you pleated?"
The dolls who were very happv over the
week's feasting and the new dresses, replied
in a chorus: "We are contented."
"Sow," said the King, "whenever you
are neglected by your owners or receive
rough treatment from them, if you will com
plain to me, 1 shall see that you have your
rights."
The dolls bowed respectfully, and the
happy procession moved away. For a time
the little mothers cared most tenderly (or
the children which they had so nearly lost;
then some grew careless, and thelittledolls,
remembering the King's words, thought it
now time to complain. One night they all
met in Adele's room in Flora's home and
talked over their grievances. One said:
"I've been left out in tne garden all night,
and the rain took the cnrl out of my hair."
Another said: "I have had to sleep on
the floor two nights, while the kitten was
covered np in niv bed "
"Only think," cried a third, "I have had
a hole punched in the back of my head, so
that my little mistress could see how mv
eyes open and shut."
"But Adele had suflered most of all.
"Only this moraine," sne said. "Flora's
brother painted whisker? and a mustache on
my face; and Flora laughed while he did it,
too. I was so enraged. And how do I look
now?"
"While the others shed tears of svmpathy
for their unfortunate friend, they could
hardly refrain from smiling at the comical
appearance of the dignified Adele. They
all agreed that they ioull no longer endure
such treatment, but would go at once to the
King, as he had told them to do. Of course
the baby dolls must stay behind, as thev
were not able to walk, and there was no one
to carry them.
Very early the ne morning, before the
King had had his breaklast.he heard a noise
in the palace garden, and looking out saw
the company ol dolls, who with their weak
fine voices were trying to make themselves,
heard. "When they had told their story, the
King said: "iTou have done right in coming
to me. I have been expecting you and have
a room ready lor you, where you will always
be comfortable and have no one to trouble
you."
He led the way to a large bright room in
the back part of the palace. Here were
small tables, tiny dishes, and a bed aud
chair for each one. The dolls thought that
they wonld be very happy in their new
home, with no one to scold them for tearing
TjUheir cl thes, or to punish them lor eating
-Ttoo'mueh at the tea parties. The little hod
fSowere so soft that they decided to rest
'Bponthem; and being very tired from their
long journey were soon all fast asleep, ex
cept a few who had china heads and could
wrmmrBm -
not close their eves. For a few days the
dolls were very much delighted with their
new quarters, and laughed to think how
their owners would look in vain for them.
". But after awhile they grew very tired of
being in the same room all the time, with
no walks or rides in the garden. They be
gan to grow verv cross, and even the stately
Adele scolded, 'beeause she must always
wear the time dress. The room did not
look so large as at rirst and the little beds
crew harder every night. In fact, the dolls
became very discontented and thought if
they could only get DacK to meir owners
thev would never again complain. But
how could this be done, for the door was
locked and the King carried the key in his
pocket. The windows were so high that
thev could not even look out of them.
One day, however, the door did open and
the housemaid came in to dust and when
she was through iorgot to close the door
again. That nicht a procession ot dolls,
headed by Adele, might have been seen
gliding through the palace gate and along
the city streets, and the next morning each
little girl was happy to find her doll fast
asleep in its bed. But no one knew ot a
dollroom in the palace and the dolls never
told where they spent their vacation.
Paysie.
THE ANGEL'S PICTURE BOOKS.
Story of n Blind Bor Who Snwfor the First
Time ns He Lav Upon Hi Bed In Rls
Lnt sickness.
TRANSLATED FBOM TITE GERMAX FOB THE DIS
PATCH. There was once a little boy who had been
blind irom the first day of bis birth. He
longed vainly to see the beautiful flowers
and birds, of which his mother told him;
but, alasl all around him was dark. One
night he had a most beautiful dream. He
saw an angel hovering about his room, who
presently stepped to the side of bis little
DOLLS TO THE KINO.
bed and said smilingly: "I have here a
lovely picture book, which I show to good
children at night while they are asleep.
"Would you also like to see it?"
"Alas! dear angel," replied the little one,
weeping, "you must certainly have made a
mistake. I am only the poor blind boy,
who cannot see anything, not even your
beautiful pictures."
( The angel dried the boy's tears and said:
"xou can certainly see them as plainly as
you now see me, and on that account I often
visit blind children, so that they can see in
dreams what they otherwise would never
catch a glimpse ot."
The heavenly visitor then sat down on the
bed, opened a large, beautiful book and
showed the boy many or the pictures. The
blind child shouted for joy, for he could see
all of them quite distinctly and he found
the flowers and birds and all" other things in
the book much more beautiful than he had
actually supposed them to be. The kind
angel also told him many of the stories and
thus adJed greatly to the child's pleasure.
"When they had looked at half of the book
the angel rose and said: ".Now I must go
hack to heaven, for it will soon be morning.
To-morrow night I will come again and you
shall then see the rest ot the pictures."
"With these words he vanished, and dark
ness once again surrounded the child.
"When the mother came to her boy the next
morning, he told all about the angel with
his wonder ul picture book. She, however,
spoke sadly, saying: "My poor boy, you
are ill, and must remain in vour little bed
to-day"
He was perfectly willing to do so, for he
felt very tired. He lay quite still, smiling
now and then to hiiuseli, when he remem
bered the angel's promise to visit him that
night. "When evening came it brought the
angel; the mother, however, who watched
by the child's bed, could not see him nor
hear him; not even when he told her boy
the pretty ttories; but she trembled and
grew anxious at the shortness of her bov's
breath. When the blind child had seen the
last picture, he begged; "Oh, dear angel, do
come again as soon as ever you can and
show me some more of your beautiful
pictures. You surely have more than one
picture book."
The angel replied: "I have many, many
far more beautiful aud I will show them all
to vou, but they are up above, in heaven,
and I dare not bring them down to earth.
If you are willing to come with me, I may
show them to you and tell you all about
them."
"I should like to come, so much," replied
the poor child, "but I must first ask my
mother and tell her where I am going.
Come, do came to morrow evening and fetch
me."
The angel promised. "When the boy
awoke he begged his mother to let him go to
heaven so that be could see all the angel's
lovely pictures. The mother wept bitterly
and uid not want to part with him, but he
beggeil so long and so earnestly tbat she
finally gave her consent.
"When night came the angel entered the
room lor the third time, looking far lovelier
ad sweeter than ever before. He kissed
the little one on both eyes, and said: "Now
look at your dear mother and bid her fare
well. The blind boy looked round, recognized
his mother, whom he had never seen before,
and smiled upon her lovingly. The angel
then r-Iaspea him in his arms, and flew with
him up to the morning star to meet the
rising sun. Florence K. R. Wade.
Witter In tho Frjine-PnD.
A frying pan should never touch water.
Scour them out with salt the moment they
are done with and wipe clean with a cloth.
A washed omelet pan makes a poor omelet.
SV s43'fJX'J5' niL I V Iffflin I
zmm ,uw
Lata That Plows a Mile a Minute and Dnst
Ihat Sails Far Away.
THE EUPTI0XS OP OLD TESTJTIDS
IWBITTElf TOB THE DISPATCH.1
Volcanoes are the vents which nature
makes in the surface of the earth in the vi
cinity of her internal fires by which gases,
steam and lava or molten rocks and min
erals are allowed to escape from the mighty
caldron which boils beneath. A volcanic
ernption is preceded by great rumbling
noises somewhere under the surface, causing
a swaying of and sickening movement of all
things terrestial. In 1796 a puff of smoke
or steam was observed to come out of the
Pacific ocean near Unalaska. Gradually a
mouud arose out of the water amid great
flames and earthquakes, and gradually but
rapidly a volcano was formed and the
whole country lor ten miles around
was illuminated by the mighty
flames, and their reflection on the
black clouds of smoke. Several years after
ward some hunters explored the volcano,
which they Sound still so hot that they
could tiot walk upon it It was then sev
eral thousand feet high. An active volcano
will thus in a few years erect itself into a
gigantic mountain whose peak will pierce
the clouds.
The ernption begins with the emission of
very fine whitish gray lava dust, which is
caught up by the winds and carried im
mense distances over the earth. The dust
has been in a few hours detected in coun
tries many hundreds of miles frcin the erup
tion. At 30 miles' distance from a volcano
in Central America the grout.d was covered
ten feet deep with the ashes. A few years
ago alter the tremendous eruption of the
volcano at Krakatoa, in the Straits of Sun
da, dust and mud were thickly scattered
over a vast area, while fearful tidal waves
washed the shores of Sumatra and Java.
EFFECT OF THE DUST.
. There were remarkable solar phenomena
in Ceylon, South America and elsewhere
attributed to the volcanic dust in suspen
sion, and in the Uhited States for a long
time the rosy appearance of the sky before
and after sunset was caused by that stu
pendous explosion as well as the Alaskan
explosions which were in sympathv with it.
Lava and scoria were ejected from Vesuvius
at one time in an apparent columu of fire
to the height of 10,000 feet. Lava doesn't
always come from the crater or cone, but it
bursts out of the sides of the mountain with
the brightness of the sun and rushes down
the sides at fearful speed, growing from a
small stream into a great river.
When earthquakes precede an eruption
the whole neighborhood olten becomes
fissured even up the sides of the volcano,
giving the lava an easy escape through the
hssures. When great bodies of snow are on
the mountain top the sudden eruption
causes the mountain to become intensely
hot, but the falling of great quantities
of hot stones and water, rapidly melts
the snow and combined with the hot water
from the crater it rushes down the steep de
clivity in many mighty rivers, lerociously
washing a resistless course to the sea. Even
the solid lava cannot resist them. The side
of a crater away from the wind is generally
the highest as more of the scoria is blown
that way." Some craters or caldrons are
perpendicular for from 1.000 to 2,000 feet,
appearing as though everything had slipped
down in a straight line and left giant per
pendicular walls like a tube
In 1783 during a fearful upheaval at
Hecla a great lateral fissure formed, through
thichrana mighty river which flowed 100
miles with a depth of 600 to 1,000 feet, and
a width atone place of 15 miles. Tim
stream of lava would have equaled Mt.
Blanc in bulk.
WHEN THE LAVA HAEDEN3.
The muttering aud rumbling and
final heaving of the ground indicate
what is going on down the precip
itous tube of the volcano which
is gradually filling up with lava, and which
copiously emits great volumes of steam or
gases; but if the filling is not vigorous, the
top ot the mass will chill and stop theup
ward movement which resistance causes a
furious disturbance far below, until a great
explosion from one ot the sides occurs aud
the whole boiling mass will pour out with
out going to the top of the crater.
Volcanoes cannot be relied on as being
classed among the dead. They mar lie
quiescent for many years and then suddenly
commence again. Stromboli, Cotopoxi and
many others have been throwing off hot
stones and steam since time had. a history;
Vesuvius has been deceitful, lying dormant
for 131 years at one time until the whole
mountain, crater and all, had become covered
with vines and brushwood and was the lair
ot the wolf and the wild boar; but suddenly
in 1601 an explosion occurred of such tre
mendous violence as to send the echoes back
to the year 79, when Herculaueum and
Pompeii were engulfed with hot water
and ashes. It had been clashed as a dead
volcano.
Kilanea is a vast crater on the eastern
side of JlaunaLoa volcano in Hawaii. They
are the same mouutain, having two outlets,
but entirely independent ot each other.
Kilanea is always active, and the slowly
boiling pots of lava can be seen any time of
moderate activity from the slopes around.
The streams of lava cool quickly on the sur
face and form hard crusts on which the ad
venturous can walk within a few days
and see through the fissures beneath them
the glowing, burning lava.
UPHEAVALS AND DEPRESSIONS.
The country around a volcano is often
changed suddenly. During the last century
a volcano appeared in the midst of the great
table land of Mexico and raised a section of
four square miles about 530 feet above its
former level and throwing up many conical
hills, one of them being 1,600 feet high. At
other places subsidences have occurred. In
1772 a mountain in Java, Papandayang,
was partly swallowed, and the residents)
trying in their alarm to escape, were en
gulfed with their homes and fields. A dis
trict 15 iuiies long by 6 wide subsided and
soon dinappeaied.
Volcanoes throw out vast quantities of
water. It would seem tbat they are con
nected underneath with the sea, or great
volnmes of subterranean water. The water
comes into contact with the fiery bodies of
lava, and, forming steam, bursts its confine
ments, accompanied by preliminary
rumblings and ending with a tremendous
outburst which shakes the world. The
Sonth American volcanoes throw out fish,
while one in Java throws ont hot acid water.
Some throw up mud. The eruptions of
Vesuvius are preceded by the dminuition of
the water in the springs ana wells in the
district, but a better iudic ition is from the
tremors of the ground. The vapors from
the crater increase while the lava boils
steadily up in the tube and great puffs of
smoky rings are shot heavenward until
they torm a column two miles high above
the crater. Great fiery stones shoot high up
in the air, and sometimes fall beyond the
base ol the mountain. The increase and de
crease of the convulsions can be determined
by the violence of the explosions which ex
pel these rings.
POWERFUL OLD VESUVIUS.
The explosions of Vesuvius have been
very remarkable. Up to 79 A. D. it was
considered dead, but the remarkable explo
sion ot that year blew "out the southern side
of the crater the greatest explosion in his
tory. Stones of large size have been found
in Pompeii which came from the enter. At
every explosion since that time whole sec
tions of the crater were disrupted by the
blowing up of the floor of the crater, which
gets very hard. The volcano throws ont
dust in remarkable Quantities which
blackens the whole sky for days like a great I
pall, aud not only falling thickly on the
houses in the neighborhood, but traveling
many miles with the wind. '
Herculaueum and Pompeii were nofr com
pletely covered up by the explosion ot 79,
but by 60 subsequent explosions, as the
many layers ot scoria will show. Hercu
laneum was buried 70 feet deep, while-Pompeii
was only covered about 17 feet, and as
very few ornaments and little jewelry or
articles of value were found, it is
supposed that after the first few days
the relatives and friends who had escaped
or lived at a distance, came to the relief of
their fallen friends and buried them, secur
ing many of their valuable effects. The
elder Pliny was commanding the Boman
fleet off those shores, and while going to the
help of the inhabitants he got too near the
foot of the volcano ami was suffocated by the
sulphurous gas. Whenever a human body
was left the volcanic mud "packed tightly
arouud it, and after many years the body
entirely disappeared, so that when the exca
vators came across one of these human cavi
ties, soft plaster ot paris is run into the
mold and a splendid figure of the original is
often the result.
AS IT IS TO-DAY.
Vesuvius is still boiling and bubbling.
The lava around the crater is so hot as to be
fatal to shoe soles: it teems with hot vapors
and is covered with beautiful efflorescences
of sulphur. Smoke issues Irom numerous
crevices, at the entrance of which a stick or
piece of paper will catch fire in a moment.
A very strange thing is that a stone thrown
into one ot these crevices causes every other
crevice to increase its smoke. The "rumb
ling can be plainly heard. Near to this is
the crater itself, shaped like a funnel,
from 400 to 500 feet deep without a particle
ol fire in it, hut sealed, silent and solemn;
and yet in 1777 that crater sent up toward
heaven a column of fire 10,000 feet high. In
the eruption of 1872 Director Palmieri, of
the meteorological observatory located on the
side of the volcano, had the great courage to
remain at the observatory to watch the great
eruption while the building was surrounded
with the glowing flood.
In the quiet action of Stromboli the
column of lava in the gigantic pipe seems to
rise and fall with a rythmical motion. At
every rise the column will be covered with
immense blisters which heave and sink, and
finally explode with such energy as to re
verberate against the walls of the great tube
and nake the crater vibrate. Occasionally
fragments of hard lava will be torn off and
thrown high into the air, while at Vesuvius
great pufls or balls of Bteam will be shot up
to great heights.
The Icelandic volcanoes thiow out great
quantities of dust, which travels very far
by aerial currents. The dust from them has
fallen on occasions between the Shetland
and Orkney islands, and vessels at sea have
had the strange deposit to shovel off their
decks.
HOW LAVA FLOWS.
Lava differs in fluidity in different volca
noes, and the rapidity of its descent depends
on that and on the pitch of the mountain.
It has been known to flow almost a mile a
minute on the mountain side, but as it cools
it gets much slower. A very strange fact
is that it holds its heat longer than any
other substance known. The Jovilla vol
cano, in Mexico, sent ont a great body of
lava in 1759, and 21 rears afterward cigars
were lit at the fissures in the deposit. At
41 years it still sent up steam, while at 87
years two columns of vapor were still aris
ing. This slow rate of cooling is of high
geological significance in considering the
cooling of the earth.
There are uianv mud volcanoes over the
earth, which are generally cold. A vast
body of mud and water -from Vesuvius in
16G2 destroyed manv Boman villages, with
their inhabitants, as it also did in the first
century. These mud and cold water dis
charges are caused by gases (probablv nat
ural gas), as-niauy volcanoes emit great vol
umes of highly inflammable gas and naphtha.
There is one district in Java, a hollow,
which entices animals by its seclusiveness.
The ground emits a great quantity ol car
bonic acid, aud everything passing within
its fatal circle is suffocated. This place was
long known as the Valley of Death, or the
Valley of the Bohou TJpas, and a tree of
that name was supposed lor a long time to
contain the poison. Bumbalo.
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA.
Wonders Seen By Divers OIT the Florida
Const Danger From Sbnrics.
Iu 6t. Nicholas for May C. F. Holder
gives his experience as a diver off the Flor
ida coast: "The fishes were beautiful," ho
writes. "Some swam over my arms and
let me move my hands toward them. But
most were shy. As to the stories of sharks,
they are in the main not true. I have had
a shark come within five feet of roe, and
when I raised my arm it darted off iu such
a hurry that the boiling of the water nearly
threw me off my feet. Of course, there may
be cases where a very large shark might at
tack a diver; but if he should attack one
wearing the modern diver'shelmetor armor,
I think the shark would have a hard time
of it copper and glass would not make a
very good mouthful.
"A friend ol mine had a funny experi
ence. He was walking on a sandy bottom,
when suddenly he was lifted upward, then
thrown backward, and, but for his pike,
would have fallen. For a few seconds the
water was not clear. Then he saw that the
cause of his upset was a big skate that had
been lying partly buried in the sand
asleep, perhaps. He bad stepped with his
leaden shoes right on its back.
"Among the strange things that may be
seen by divers is the ocean forest, off the
eastern coast. The sandy bottom there is
covered with the hardened, roots of great
trees, and in some instances' parts of trunks
arc standing, showing that the coast there
must have settled, and that the sea there has
rolled in over the land. Sometimes we go
down at night, and then the scene under
water is otten a beautiful sight. Every
jelly fish and living creature seems to be
ablaze with light; your rope appears to be
'on fire, aud every motion makes the "water
glimmer. The crabs and fishes sparkle,
many with a light of their own. So, you
see,'iustead of being a dark and barren
place, as the majority of people seem to re
gard it, the ocean, even at the greatest
depths, is probably made bright by the very
animals that most need the light."
THE SALVATION ARMY.
Questions Put to the Applicant for Admis
sion to the Ranks.
Hew York "World.
I was assigned by the editor to join the
Salvation Army and then write it up. I
was given a big envelope filled with blanks
to be filled out. Among the questions asked
are:
Are you in debt? If so, how much and
why?
Can you play any musical instrument? If
so what? Have you -got one?
Can you raise tunes?
Can you read hymns at first sight?
If single, are vou courting? If so, who?
Do von understand that you may not be
allowed to marry until two years after your
appointment as an officer?
If vou are not courting, do you pledge
vourself to abstain from anything of the
kind lor at least 12 months after your ap
pointment as an officer?
Do you pledge yourself not to carry on
courtship with anyone at the station to
which you are at the time appointed?
Do you pledge yourself never to commence
or allow 1? commence or break off anything
of the sort without first inlorming the Com
missioner of your intention to do so?
Do you pledge yourself never to marry
anyone, marriage with whom wonld take
you out of the army altogether?
If married, does your wife depend on
yonr support ? It so, to what extent?
Do you pledge yourself to spead not less
than nine hours a day in the active service
of the army, of which not less than three
hours of every week-day shall be spent in
visitation?
Do you perfectly understand that no sal
ary or allowance is guaranteed to you and
that you will have no claim against the
Salvation Army or against any one con
nected therewith on account of salary or al
lowance not received by you?
Evidences as to Its Nature Derived
From Its Utehest Effect.
MAN AND THE ARGUMENT FOR GOD
Existenca of Intelligence, Will, Person
ality and Conscience.
INTUITIVE AND 1NSTKUCTIVB FACTS
rwBirrnr fob tub dispatch.
We are in the midst of the statement of
the argument for God. There are three
steps in the argument, each indicated by one
word. The first step is indicated by the
word cause, the second by the word nature,
the third by the word man.
There is change, and change implies
cause, and cause implies first cause. It is
worth while to emphasize this ultimate fact
a second time, because it is popularly called
in question. I say "popularly" because no
philosopher, nobody acquainted with the
laws ot reasoning and the nature of thought,
doubts it. He may be an atheist, still he
will affirm and is aware that be must affirm
that there is a first cause. A surface ob
jection, however, easily presents itself, and
in such plausible shape that it misleads
some, and it is desirable, therefore, that
everybody should know tne answer to it.
The objection comes after this fashion:
What is the cause ol the first cause? ''You
find a watch, and you say that it exhibits or
shows design. You insist that it is so won
der, ul that it must have had a designer in
other words, that it is too wonderful not to
have been constructed. You find the; watch
maker, and you say with regard to him that
he, too, must have had a designer, tor he is
more wonderful than the watch. In imagina
tion you go from the watchmaker to
the being you call God, and you
say He designed the watchmaker, bur
He Himself nas not designed because He is
too wonderful to have been designed. And
yet in the case of the watch and of the
watchmaker it was the wonder that sug
gested design, while in the case of the
maker of the watchmaker the wonder denies
a designer. Do yon not see that this argu
ment destroys itself?" Back we go from
effect to cause, but why stop anywhere?
ONLY ONE SEAL CAUSE.
The answer to the question is two evident
facts. One is the fact ol cause. The other is
the fact that there is only one real cause,
and that is an uncaused cause. Or else
cause is a delusion, in which case there Is
an end to all sane thinking. This is the
dilemma. Between two conditions we must
choose, each of them beyond the circumfer
ence of comprehension, between an endless
succession ot causes with no initial cause at
all or an uncaused cause. But the choice,
it must be plain, is simply between cause
and no canse. But if we say there is no
cause we have committed intellectual sui
cide. Thus we affirm the first step in the
argument for God. There is a first cause.
What is this cause? Is it matter or mind?
We may learn that by stndying its effects.
There are two effects of the first cause. One
is nature; the other is man.
We look out at nature. Here are two
evident facts, the fact of uniformity and the
'i lies behind snch facts as these? There is
mc: ot adjustment. What Uind of cause
only one valid mode of reasoning, and that
is to argue Irom tne Known to the unknown.
Is there, then, any cause known to us which
produces such effects as tliete. There is,
and one only, and that cause what is it?
It is an intelligent will. We look out then
upon the uniiormity and the adjustment of
nature and say an intelligent will did this.
And so saying we take the second step in
the argument for God.
We turn now from the fact of nature to
the lact of man. The first cause made us.
And what are we?
INDUCTION AND INTUITION.
But just here comes in a distinction be
tween the ways of ascertaining truth. Truth
is arrived at by induction and by intuition.
We gather a great many facts together, and
finding by a process of induction that all the
facts say the same thing, we assert that that
common testimony is a general principle.
This is the reasoning by which we know
tbat there is order and design in the world
of nature. Intuition, however, is an imme
diate affirmation of truth, with no prelimi
naries ot argument. Whatever we know by
induction we know by a process ot argu
ment; but whatever we know by intuition,
we know simply because we know it. We
may not be able to tell bow we know it;
nevertheless, we know it. Intuitive truth,
that is, is self-evident, universal, necessary.
It cannot be contradicted without absurdity.
It is worth while noticing, just here, tbat
of these two processes of arriving at truth
the intuitive process, whenever it can be
used, is by far the more certain. There may
be some mistake about our inductive reason
ings, we may be generalizing for insuffi
cient data, but so long as we keep our sanity
there can be no doubt about our intuitive
affirmations. Unless these are true, we
must stop thinking.
Bp this process ot intuition we learn four
facts about ourselves. The fact of intelli
gence, the fact of will, the lact of person
ality, the fact of conscience.
Two of these facts, intelligence and will,
we have been taking for granted all along
duriug this argument. We have thoughts,
we have purposes that we know. Intelli
gence and will we so take for granted that
when we see uniformity in nature we infer
intelligence bebiud it, and when we see ad
justment iu nature we infer will behind it,
without the consciousness of any need at all
to prove that there is any intelligence or any
will anywhere. That is, we know it.
THEY ABE INTUITIVE FACTS.
We are all tbiuking at this moment. That
is as sure as that the sun is in the sky. I
lift my hand, my will does that. Intelli
gence and v ill are intuitive facts. I know
not how we would proceed to prove them,
any more than I know how to prove such
tacts as time and space. We simply know
that these are true. No metaphysics, no
argumentation can persuade the -sane man
that he does not think: that he does not
will. He does And that is the end of it.
See how this emphasizes the argument
from nature. Here is an effect of the first
cause, an effect which thinks and wills.
What kind of cause must that be which lies
behind such an effect as this? Is it mind or
is it matter out of which has proceeded a
thinking and self-determining being? We
inferred from nature that the first cause is
an intelligent will; now we infer it with
double force from man. He that made the
eye, shall He not see? He that made the
mind, shall He not think?
We take the third lact, the fact of per
sonality. Will anybody deny personality?
Will anybody contradict the assertion that
I am I? A great philosopher, alter ques
tioning all things in earth and heaven, got
at last on solid ground, when he said: "I
think; therefore I am." That, at least, he
was sure of. No one was ever so doubtful
as, to doubt that he was doubtful. We know,
as we do not know any fact in the external
world, that toe are.
We talk about being sure, about really
knowing this and that. Some say that what
they see they Know, and nothing else. Do
we know then what we see? We look across
the plain at the distant hills, and the hills
are blue. Are the hills blue? We look at the
ship in the water and the ship is twisted.
Is it a crooked ship? The air is empty, xe
look across and through it and there is noth
ing there. Is there nothing there? The
air is crowded with living creatures.
THE MIND ONLT IS CERTAIN.
The decisions of the. eye are in constant
need of revision, sometimes of reversal, by
the mind. The only absolutely sure affirma
tions are made by the mind. The only pos
itively certain facts are mental facts. lam,
that I know. When it is urged by the ma
terialist that thought is but a succession oi
mere sensations, and tbat therefore there is
no such thing as mind, we simply know
ucuer. vv a kuow luul mere is a uisuacuuu
between our thoughts and ourselves who
think.
ThU ii worth emphasizing, became it
shows how the fact of spiritual being and
the fact of physical phenomena are related
to certainty. The one certain fact in this
world is the fact of spiritual being. There
is nothing in all our experience so absolute
ly sure as the existence of that something
which nobody can ree, nor hear, nor touch,
nor locate, nor even make a mental picture
of, which we call oneself. Out of the first
cause, then, came as an effect man, a person
al being. Did an impersonal cause effect
a personal being? Is it likely? Is it rea
sonable? A cause mnst be adequate to its
effect. The whole of the efiect must have
been present iu the whole cause, or else
something in the effect was caused by noth
ing. Is an impersonal cause adequate to
effect a personal being?
Indeed, we have already shown that the
first cause is characterized by intelligence
and will. Can these conceivably exist save
in a person? Must we not call the firs
cause "He?"
QUESTION OF INVISIBILITY.
If it be objected that the first cause can
not be a person because it is invisible we
have a ready answer. So are we invisible,
in so far as our intelligence, will and per
sonality are concerned. No man living has
ever seen another man, nor has seen even
himself. You may look at yourself in the
looking glass for a whole day, but will see
your head, not yourself. The body is no
more ourself than the garments are with
which we clothe it. We see that the invisible-spiritual
beings who dwell about us
make their existence known by certain
visible and audible manifestations. We
know from our own personality that these
manifestations indicate such intelligence,
will and personality as we are conscious of
ourselves. So we believe in the existence
of man. We believe that within that body
is a man; that the cause which moves that
hand, which uses the vocal organs to ex
press intelligible sounds, is a spiritual be
ing. Unseen, unheard, unimaginable as
to place or shape, but looking out of human
eyes, smiling with human lips, grasping
our hand with his hand, is a man.
And we believe in the same way in the
existence of God. We cannot see God any
more than we can see each other, for God is
a spirit as we are. But the world is full of
spiritual beings, making themselves known
by intelligible acts, and behind all fs a
Supreme Spiritual Being, makiug Himself
known in the same manner.
If it be further objected that the. first
cause cannot be personal because He is in
finite, we answer that He is indeed infinite,
because we cannot think of Him as less than
infinite. The world as we see it nature
and man together does not necessarily de
mand an infinite Maker. It demands only
a Maker immeasurably greater than man
But the first cause must be an infinite cause,
because there also ran the mind rest. That
the first cause is infinite is a mental fact.
HIGHEST FOBM OP BEING.
But the first cause is personal, also, be
cause personality is the highest form of
being we are awarf of. If God is less than
personal He is less than we are. The cause
is not adequate to the effect. At the same
time, we do well to remember that per
sonality is but a halting word. It
is no more than a word "thrown
out," as Matthew Arnold would have said,
at an idea. It is quite inadequate. So,
too, is the pronoun "He" inadequate, setting
a limitation of sex. We must, however, use
some kind of language. We must express
ourselves in human speech. Tbat is the
best we have. Words are but the counters
of thought, not its solid com. "Personality"
seems to come as near to the truth as a word
can come. The real trntb, as Mr. Herbert
Spencer has affirmed, lies not between per
sonality and something lower, but between
personality aud something higher. God is
all that we are, and more infinitely.
The other characteristic of man which en
ters into this argument is conscience. We
may say what we will about the origin of
conscience; we may maintain what we
please about its relation to pain and pleas
ure, to loss and gain, and
about its possible development out of
vagueness into definiteness: we may say
also what we will about the decisions of
conscience, and its relations to latitude and
longitude. These considerations are quite
beside the point. Man has a conscience.
Everybody is aware instinctively and irresis
tibly of a difference between right and
wrong. Everybody is conscious, moreover,
of some influence within him which is for
ever persuading him toward right, and say
ing "no" to the inclinations of his will
toward wrong. The word "ought" is in all
languages. The word "duty" was not in
vented either by moralists or by dictionary
makers. That it is right to do right, and
wrong to do wrong, all sane people, from
one end of the world to the other, from one
pnd of time to the other, will tell us.
ABSOLUTELY SUEE OF CONSCIENCE.
That there is a law of righteousness dis
tinct from our own will, above our own will,
we know. Our definitions may be quite in
adequate, and our obedience still more in
adequate, but that there is a voice within,
characteristic ol our inmost being, that we
are absolutely sure of. We are aware, it is
true, of defect and sin in our own lives and
in the lives of others, but we are conscious
of all this defect and sin as wrong, that is,
as opposed to the voice of that inward
monitor which we call conscience.
What kind of cause lies behind a con
science? I say that the Being who made a
man with a conscience is a moral Being.
We look from the individual to the race.
We go back in history and watch the growth
of man. What kind of a history is it? It
is a history of moral progress. There is
defect, wrong, sin all along. But these are
essential to progress. Tnev simply mean
that things did not begin perfect. Piogress
implies an imperfect beginning and im-
Eerlection all along. Evolution has no
etter illustration than the growth of the
human race iu goodness. Step by step man
has gone on in the path which leads to
righteousness. Compare the Old Testament
with the New. Compare the past with the
present anywhere. Here is a race of men
standing for the fact of moral progress. The
great first cause instill at work making man
better. What kind of cause can it be?
I look out at nature and at man, I look
around me and within me, seeking to know
the character of the cause which made all
this. And when I see the uniformity and
the adjustment of nature, when I perceive
the intelligence, the will, the personality,
the conscience of man, then I say tbat an
infinite, supreme, intelligent, sell-determining,
righteous and personal spiritnal Being
made all this. Season reinforces faith. The
mind and the heart unite their voices in the
first sentence of the Christian creed: I be
lieve in God. George Hodges.
YANKEES IK BEBMUDA.
Work of the Mnn Who Is Now Entertaining;
Ex- President Hayes.
New York Star. 1
I caught a glimpse the other day of ex
President Hayes as he passed through the
city to take the steamer for Bermuda. I see
by the papers that he goes Jhere as the guest
oi General Russell Hastings, who married
his niece. It will be recalled that Genral
Hastings' wedding took place in the White
House dnring the Hayes regime.
Hastings has been a resident of Bermuda
for nearly ten years now. He went there a
hopeless invalid, and not only did the cli
mate restore his health, but he has found it
impossible to live elsewhere with safety. He
has acquired a beautiful estate on the
islands, and, Yankee, like, is the foremost
man in introducing improvements and in
novations in the far-awav aud backward
community in which he resides.
The beautiful Bermuda lilies, which
come from there at Easter time, Were first
crown on a large scale by him, and already
form a considerable item in the revenue and
trade of the islands. He continues to be a
thorough American, aud a slight limp testi
fies to a wound he received in battle dnring
the Atlanta campaign.
Exnmples Not to be Cited.
Detroit Free Press,
Physicians who contend that tobacco in
jures and ber befuddles are asked to" make
a note of the fact that the new German
Chancellor "never has a pipe out oi his
mouth, and drinks beer bv the gallons."
How does it come that he is so smart and
lively? And then Bismarck! Everybody
knows how much he could drink and
smoke.
THE FIRESIDE SPHIIX
A Collection of Enismafical Its for
Home Cracfing.
Address communications for this department
to E. R. Chadbourn. LewUton, Maine.
1025 REBUS.
"Oft In the stilly night, when slumber's chains
have bouod me, . ..
Fond memory sbeds the light of other days
around me." Edith Estes.
1026 CHARADE.
First.
I am God's chosen people, who
His will and purpose always do.
And who obtain immortal bliss
In a murh better world than this.
Ai.iin. I'm but a silly fool
Whom all despise and ridicule;
I may be either, or may be
An animal you often see.
Second.
I am the bottom and the sides
Of ships tbat have tbe ocean's tidesf
Or I may be a kind of case
To bold furled sails in my embrace.
On every animal I'm shown.
Though I'm neither flesh nor bone.
In a colloquial way I show
What scholars do who little know.
Whole.
"While college student delve and grope
In learning's balls lam their hope,
Anl all their studious efforts tend
To cet me when their course shall end,
I'm their reward, and tbe degree
Conferred on theqt must come through me,
And yetyZrtt. second shows the name
Of what 3. first may rightly claim.
Nzlsonian.
1027 DIAMOND.
I. A letter. 2. Chief or commander. 3. An
animal, i. Congressman Irom the Ninth Mas
sachusetts district. 5. One tbat Incloses. 8. A.
celebrated heroine in "1 he Mirror ol Knight
hood" (Web.). 7. Raved as a mauman (Obs.).
8. Certain minerals. 9. Advises (Obs.). 10. To
put In order (Prov. Eng.). lL A letter.
H. C. BUF.QER.
1028 CURTAILMENT.
By all of exertion, and monstrous two,
I opened tbe ball door and quickly passed
through;
Tbe house was my own, and I felt, be it Known,
A feeling akin to vexation, 'tis true.
My ring was uheeded, my rapping the same,
No Bridget replied, though I called her by
name;
Then I thought of my Key, and applied it with
glee
That is, in soma haste to see what was to
blame.
There sat my domestic, as calm as you please,
"With her "cousin," she said they were sap
ping at ease
And she solemnly said, though her face was
some red.
That she'd not heard a sound of tbe bell, not a
wheeze. Bitter Sweet.
1020 HALF SQUARE.
1. A family of minute organisms found In va
rious infusions, in the purulent matter of tu
mors and even in tbe tartar of the teeth. 2.
One who lives ata distance from tbe sea. 3. A
distended membranons pericarp. 4. Semi-di-ameter
of a sphere. 5. A river of Asia. 6.
Lyric poems. 7. A (Scripture proper name. 8.
A termination denoting an agent. 9. A letter.
Frank.
1030 ANAGRAM.
Rogues in high places often reign;
Cupidity "invites to gam,"
And sometimes in a lofty sphere
Fraud and venality appear.
In congress hails corruption stalks.
And bare-faced briber boldly walks.
And those to wbum we trust oar weal.
By jobbers tempted, often steaL
But when tbe press becins to sbont.
And when the people nnd them out.
How honest then those statesmen are!
What threats vindictive they declare!
A whole is ordered ('tis a sham)
To and who steals from Uncle Sam.
Are those who're guilty brought to light
And humbled in the public sightT
Are felons punished on tbe spot?
I grieve to say tbat they are not.
Such useless wholes are all in vain
To stop men from unlawful gain.
IELSONIAN.
1031 NEW ASTRONOMY.
Shonld the sun and moon together come
When the latter has lately changed.
'Twould make the astronomers all look glum
For their figures disarranged.
From such an event they've taught us long
To look for a dark eclipse;
But a prophet appears to prove them wrong.
With wisdom's words on his lips.
w. Wilson.
1032 SQUARE.
L German economist, b. 1817. 2. Humbold-
tine. 3. A city of Palestine. 4. Applauded.
5. A people of Italy, of Samnite origin. 6.
French printer (1C03-1559). 7. Prepared (obs.).
H. C. Burger.
1033 SYNCOPATION.
Wealth, luxury, and all that's grand.
Whatever money can command.
Servility, that bends the knee
To lordly rank and royalty.
Are found in wholes; tor there reside
Great potentates in all their pride.
Wholes are lasts, as some suppose,
Exempt from ordinary woes.
The lasts where jov incessant reigns,
AVitbont tbe mingling of life's pains;
Yet closer view would show alloy.
And all such notions false destroy;
For many a dweller in a cot
Has pleasures that a king knows not.
Nelsonian.
1034 TRANSPOSITION.
Of varyingytrjti society.
In town or village, e'er will be:
For, as you know, birds of a feather
Do always congregate together.
The plan, though favored by the proud,
Wonld suit no less tbe common crowd;
One midst those of like caliber
Feels easiest. I do aver.
And yet at all times somo have next.
Been scandalized, indignant, vexed.
Because their efforts to aspire
To a society much higher
Than that in which before they went.
Have met with no enconragemenr.
Bitter sweet.
may prizes.
A finely printed, handsomely bound and very
useful book a prize to be proud of will be
f (resented tbe sender of each of the best three
ots of answers to tbe puzzles published during
Mar. The solutions must be forwarded weeklv.
and it should be remembered that even a lew
may win.
ANSWERS.
1016 Long Branch, Cohoes, Lowell.
1017 Pasteboard.
1018 Cancellation.
1019 C A K O T ID
A N E M O E
K E V E R S E
OMENTUM
TORTURE
INSURES
D E E M E S T
1020 Utopia.
1021 Countenance.
iaa F U K I
W A Y B
R E B E
O It C B
Bach
E N D E
R U II I
a A
R K
L j.
I L
E I.
A R
n
1)
v
A.
R
D
E
H
A.
L
E
I N A
I A B
ATT
8 W E
SET
Taxi
i 8
O
A B
TJ T
N O I
1023 Ironing.
1021-Tip-tip.
Twelve Times Five Handrcd.
500 dozen boxes of Krause's headache
capsules have been sold in this city
and Allegheny since the 18th of Jan
uary. Every box is sold on a posi
tive guarantee to cure any kind of a
headache, no matter what the canse; per
fectly harmless; especially recommended to
prevent headaches caused by over indulging
in food or driuk Jate at night. Ask any
leading druggist for them, and take noth
ing else. Capsules are easier to- take than
powders, wafers or elixirs, etc 25 cents a
MX, TTSU
NEW ADVEKTISE31ESTS.
WM. RADAiVi'S
IQRQEE
CILLER.
Cures Ail Diseases.
All sickness is caused by disease germs, called
microbes. If you are in poor health or suffer
ing from any acute or chronic disease, if jcMt
blood is impure, you should read np on v
germ theory. Our pamphlets explaining
above and giving bistory of tbe Microbe Km
are given away or mailed free to any address,
rittsburir Branch, 612 Liberty ave.. Room 3,
Second Floor.
The Wm. Radam Microbe Killer Co.,
54 hlXTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITT.
apl3-lJ3-su
yMfjzzs
'wa 13
CHILDREN
LEARN
ECONOMY.
I TaacherlZ by the U30 of
Wolffs
Blacking
yon save one pair of Sioefl a year, and
a bottle at 15 cents lasts three montns.
for how many years blacking will one
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Jjk n Drug, Paint nnd Haute Frnuhwg Store for
PIk-Ron, uhich
will Stain Old & new furnituhc TamfaTi
WILL STAIN GLASS AND CH1NAWARC flf ffiQ
will Stain Tinwarc samo
will Stain your Old Baskets time
will Stain Baby's Coach and
77fvr;
WOLF? & EANDOLPH, Philadelphia.
mhJl-TTSSU
BOTTLES
Cured mo of Erysipo
Us. Mv taco and head
were Terribly Swoll
en. Mkj. C. S. Lord,
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mvl-DWk
MEDICAL.
HITTS
S14 PEXN AVENUE, PJTTsUUltG. PA.
As old residents know and back ales of Pitts,
burg papers prove, is the oldest established
and most prominent phjsician in the city, de
voting special attention to all chronic diseases.
ST5SSN0 FEEUNTILCURED
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Dr. Whittier's lile-long; extensive experienca
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Patients at a distance as carefully treated a l
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10 A. M. to 1 p. m. only. DR. WH1TTIER. Sli
Penn avenue. Pittsbnrir, Pa.
mhS-21-DSuwk
" &;
Z 'Af'A
How Lost! How Regained.
KM TWSEL&
JL'JciU scisitce: op xxsrza
A Scientific and Standard Popular lledical Treatise oa
the Errors of Youth, Premature Dechac,Nervona
and Physical Debility, Impurities of the Blood,
Ki
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Avoid unskillful pretenders. Possess this
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Parker. M. D., received the GOLD AND JEW
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corps of Assistant Pliys.cins may be cra
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the office of THE PEA30DY MEDICAL IN
STITUTE, No. 4 Bulfinch St, Boston. Mass.. to
whom all orders for books or letters for advice
should be directed as above. auI8-G7-TaFrsnWt
GRAY'S SPECIFIC MEDICINE
CURES
NERVOUS DEBILITY.
LOST VIGOR.
LOSS Or MEMORY.
Ku II partlcjlars la pamphlet
sent free. The jtenulne liray'
bp-clttc sold by drngl3U only la, '
yellow wrapper. Price. II per
package, or six lor $5, or by mall
on rpcelnt of nrlce. bv address
ing THE GKAY MEDICINE CO, llullalo, H. r
Sold In Pittsburg brS. S. HOLUANtt. corner
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COMPOUND
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Nervk Bsans cure all nerroos weakness la either sex
actio? on the Nerres, Brain and other orzans. An mtsilut
curt lot all male and female weakness. Lost memory, bad
dream s and aversion to society positively cured. $x per box,
postpaid. Six botes. $5- Address Nerve Bean Co.. Buflalo,
N. Y. At Joseph Fleming & Son's, 4 is Market SC.
C-t. and old; postage paid. Address
. Cuitoat,3Sl Cohsmbtu An., Boston, Vsm
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