VOL. LXXVI. 20, 1903. NO. 33. was ushered in by a tremendous burst of musketry on Culps Hill. It has continued incessantly up to this hour, The roar is deafening. The twelfth corps is trying to drive the enemy out of our works, that they have occupied since last evening. All interest is now centered on Culps Hill. July 3, 9a, m. The heavy fighting still continues on Culps Hill. It is believed that our troops are forcing the Rebels back. July 3, 11 a. m. Great cheering is heard, mingled with the firing on Culps Hill. Itis believed that our men are gaining ground, CENTRE COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. 148th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. By IT. P. Meyer, Sergeant Co. A., 148th ~ Regiment, P. V. {To be Continued .} CHAPTER 1V, We will now reproduce some of the telegrams sent to the press and the Government during the battle. These will give the stages of the battle and the condition of suspense and anxiety at the time better than anything written since the battle. Gettysburg, July 1, 11 a. m. Gen. Reynolds, commanding the first corps, Army of the Potomac, has just been killed. His body was brought inte town in an ambulance, July 1,11 a. m. Wadsworth’s Division of the first corps, is at this moment engaged with the enemy. The fight seems to be concentrated around McPherson's woods, a mile and a half from town. The firing is heavy and continuous Many wounded are coming into town. Our citizens are greatly excited. Many are hiding their valuables and leaving the town. July 8d, 11:30 a. m. Our troops have succeeded in driv- ing the enemy out of our works on Culps Hill, and our whole line is once more intact, Every one is rejoicing. July 3, 12:30 noon. Some important movement is evi- dently taking place opposite our left centre. The enemy isseen concentrat- ing on Seminary Ridge, and placing a great number of batteries in position. July 8, 1:30 p. m. An appalling artillery duel is now in progress. It extends over a line, a mile in length, The enemy opened with all their artillery and were promptly replied to by a hundred guns from our side. The heavens are filled with bursting shells and screaming The roar is awful, July 3, 5:00 p. m. The cannonade continues. The de- struction is awful. We can see from the cemetery, caissons exploding and cannon being dismounted in all direc- tions. The scene, though awful, is sublime. The firing is, at this mo- ment abating and on our side is almost suspended, July 1, noon. The first corps passed here, crossing the flelds, is hurrying to the front. It - is rumored that other corps of the Army of the Potomac are near at hand. July 1, 12:30 p. m. Gen. Howard has passed through the town and gone to the front. The eleventh corp 8 is now coming up. It is difficult to get reliable news from the front but it is believed that our troops are holding their own. July 1, 1 o'clock. The firing is very heavy now and seems to becoming nearer to the town, missiles, July 8, 3:15 p. m. A great attack is now being madeon our left centre by a powerful column of rebels. We can see them advancing Their lines are half a mile They have a mile to march All of our artillery has now opened upon them, and we can see them falling in hun dreds. Ins few minutes they will strike our live, and the fight will be at close quarters, Streams of the wounded are pouring into the town by the Chambersburg road, and the fields are covered with in hosts in length. them. Shells are seen bursting in the | before they strike our line vicinity of the Beminary seems alive with exploding missiles, July 1, 2 o'clock. under and the air The eleventh Gen, Sharz, isnow engaged with the enemy. The firing is extendiog all around to the right of the town. Our citizens are terrified and know not where to fly, Many of the wounded aredying In the streets, corps, July 3, 4:30 p. m. The battle is over and the rebel lines hurled back in wild disorder. We have won u great victory. The fleld is covered with rebel dead and wound- ed. Wild cheers ring out from all parts of our lines. Thousands of Reb- el prisoners are being brought in : the rejoicing among our men is indeserib- able, * July 1, 2:30 p. m. It is reported that Gen. Roy Stone's brigade is slimost annihilated. July 1, 3 p. m. It is rumored that Hall's battery has | been eaptured by the enemy. Two Mississippi regiments have been cap- tured and have passed through town to the rear, - July 3, 10:00 p. m., The field in front of the Second Corps, where the brunt of the attack fell, is covered with Rebel dead. The slaughter on both sides has been aw- ful. Our men are gathering in the wounded, many of whom must die during the night for want of care. Our artillery suffered greatly in today's fight. Nearly half the guns slong the frout of the Second Corps were dis mounted, and nearly all the ealssons blown up. One battery had ninety. four horses out of one hundred killed. July 1, 8:80 p. m, Hall's batiery has been retaken by our troops, Btreams of wounded are still pouring into town. July 1,4 p. m. The firing around Beunner’s Hill is very heavy. Our army is believed to be falling back and the fighting is getting nearer. There is intense excite ment among our citizens. July 1, 4:30 p. m. It is feared the first and eleventh corps have been defeated. They are now hurryiog through the town, ar- tillery and infantry in wild confusion, Our citizens are terror stricken. July 1, 5:30 p. m. The town of Gettysburg is now in the hands of the enemy and I send this dispatch by messenger to “Two Taverns.” Every thing is now quiet and pro- found silence reigns over the field, ex- cepting the moans of the wounded and the rumbling of the ambulances, bringing in the wounded. Not a light is visible along the ene my's lines; but sounds of moving trains and artillery are constantly heard. The men are worn out by three days fatigue and fighting and have settled down in sleep. Whole brigades are lying in line of battle, sleeping soundly, the dead and the living mingled together, The heavy rains following every great battle were upon ys in great earnest, so that if we were not wet and steaming with perspiration we were soaked in the rain, It must be borne in mind that we wore the same heavy, woolen uniforms, underwear and all, in the hottest summer or coldest winter weather, save only an overcoat. When blankets and tents were rain. soaked the weight of our luggage was greatly inoreased, After a long and wearisome night of darkness, gloom and doubt the morn. ing of July 6th, 1864, dawned wet and rainy. Our advancing skirmishers found that the Confederate army had left their positions and were in fll re. treat, toward “(Old Virginia,” by the same roads they had come. July 1, 5:30 p. m. Gen. Hancock arrived on the fleld an hour ago and seems to have re- stored confidence in our troops. He is busy forming new lines of battle and ft is believed we can hold the new position, July 2,7 a. m. Firing has commenced on our left. It is believed to be on the Emmets- burg Road, in the vicinity of Bherfy's farm. July 2, 10:30 a. m. The firing ou our left continues, Our troops are busy fortifying their lines and are in good spirits, . I July 2, 3:30 p. m, The firing on our left is becoming serious. Crashes of musketry mingled with some artillery firing. July 2,5 p. m. The fighting on our left in at this moment terrible and extends along the Emmettsburg Road to Sherfy's farm and the Devils Den. Little Round Top is enveloped in smoke and heavy firing is heard coming from the woods in that direction. The fire seems to be extending along the entire line. Just now a tremendous erash of musketry is heard on Culps Hill, July 2, 7p. m, The day Is drawing toa close but the fighting still continues without any abatement. Since shortly after three o'clock there has been one con- Peceuliner Wreck, A peculiar accident happened to the freight engine one day last week when approaching Spring Mills, It appears the two middle drive wheels left the rails and thus the engine van for a hundred feet or more when the wheels left the track, the engineer threw on the air-brake and the crew jumped for their lives. On removing the heavy rails, they curled up in all shapes, which demonstrated the won- derful strain on them, for Fertilizer— PART 1.—BY | In propagating nitrogen-breathin bacteria by the billion and shipping them, without impairing their vital- ity, to all parts of the United States to be used in multiplying the yield of crops from 100 to 1000 per cent, and in adding lasting fertility to the soil, the United States Government has brought about a great achievement in science. It is declared to be a wonder- ful thing even by progressive experts, It isa triumph which, those who know say, means the regeneration of the earth. It has passed the experi- mental stage, and the United States KE numerable armies from the laboratories in Washioglon, where they are re- cruited, to levy upon the infinite BU p- ply of nitrogen in the air and convert it to the uses of mankind. Significant as the work of these bacteria will be in stimulating plant productivity and in renewing depleted soils, it will be equaled if not eclipsed by their further service of imparting to foodstufls the albuminoids and proteids which are of primary importance in the diet of human beings and animals. “That the agricultural future of the world is to depend on minute creatures reared by the American Government may sound incredible,” said a Wash- ington scientist, “but experts through- out the world have been eagerly await. ing results of our experiments, Many tests abundantly prove our claims. The world’s problem in agriculture has been to secure available nitrogen for plant life. It has been known to students of agriculture that bacteria on the roots of legumes enabled them to absorb nitrogen from the air. The effort to cultivate these bacteria, and to invent a method by which they could be preserved and transported, to be used by farmers for the inoculation of seed crops, has absorbed the scien- tific attention of one branch of the United States Government for over a year. Now we have mastered the mystery of growth of these microscopic friends of husbandry, and we are pre- pared to introduce a factor destined to revolutionize the whole field of Amer. can agriculture.” Henceforth, the farmer, if he chooses, can get his fertilizing ma- terial in miniature packages by mail, instead of by the ton and wagon-load., Under the microscope a colony of these orgaoisms, which to the naked eye forms a speck the size of a pin head, is found to contain hundreds of thou. sands of individuals. Ten million can be held in a thimble, In tiny oblongs of ubsorbent cotton—just the size and! appearance of a cake of yeast—fifteen million of these nitrogen-breathing bacteria are shipped to farmers. One of these small packages contains enough to furnish complete fertiliza. | tion for an acre. In the pockets of an ordinary working suit a farmer can readily carry 160 packages, containing £,400,000,000 bacteria, enough to en- rich the soil aud vastly increase the yield on a quarter-section of land. The Government's process for ship- pended animation in the bacteria, The farmer revives them by immersing them in water. The quickening of their activity by this baptism is mar- velous. They are then fed on certain nutrient salts, whereupon the phe- nomenon of their amazing increase in numbers is believed to be unparalled in nature. Beans, clover, cowpeas, al- falfa, lupine, peas, lentils, esparcette, vetches, lathyrus, peanuts and other Note From Kansas, Miss Margaret E. Keller, who holds & position with the Beall Grain Com. pany, Kansas City, recently writes the Reporter ; This has been the most disagtrous flood record that this coun try has ever had. The loss to the grain trade alone being millions of dollars, to say nothing of the great loss to life and personal property. There were thousands of cars of grain standing on track, some of them being totally sub. merged, while some stood only half way in water. Nome of the elevators i this eity, in which were stored thou. sands and thousands of bushels of grain, stood from twenty to thirty feet in water, the grain being a total loss. You coyld anly fully realize the #ituation, to hmve been here on the ground yourself ; efforts fail, when one tries to tell of the great destruction. The cities of Argentine and Armour. dale suburbs of Kansas City which were swept entirely away, you might #ny, are belong rebuilt and people are in the filth, tions, as it will be impossible for ten years to come to put those cities baok IAROLD BOLCE. | plants require different bacteria. The Government gives full directions as to | the kind of organisms to be used and lin regard to the processes of inocula- | tion. If directions are carefully fol- {lowed by the farmer, the increase of his crops in poor soil will be, as stated, (100 to 1000 per cent. Clover in a de- | pleted soil that was producing only {200 pounds to the acre yielded as high as 2000 pounds on the same area after the nitrogen-breathing bacteria were introduced to aid the plants, All the far-reaching benefits of the Government's discovery will be con- ferred without price upon the farmers of America. It is believed that when the possibilities of these nitrogen- gathering organisms are realized, their introduction throughout the United States will rival the enormous activity of seed distribution itself. To meet the inevitable dermnand, the Govern- ment is greatly elaborating its labora- tory facilities, It with a platinum spade no larger than a flattened pin that the United States Government is cutting the way to the enrichment of Amer- ican soll, in The new laboratories for the rearing of these nitrogen-breathing organisms will be similar to those in which the discoveries have been made. The work is carried on in great glass cages, the air in which is supplied through flues Hoed and covered at the point of inlet with eotton saturated with sterilizing chemicals, The walls of the compart. ments are washed down frequently with of mercury It is necessary to exclude every atom of fungi and every malignant microbe that might attack the microscopic bacteria under development, and hence the air of the laboratories is purged of all noxious forms of life and rendered perfectly sterile, bichloride [n this pure future of American agriculture, It is there that the platinum spade is #0 serviceable. At one side of the in- vestigator burns an oxyhydrogen light, Holding the implement by its wooden handle, the platinum is plunged into the fierce flame. The metal, which does not fuse in the intense beat, is instantly freed of any organism that might have elung to it from preceding experiments. The nodules of legumes containing colonies of bacteria are then opened, the individuals dug out and studied under lenses which magnify the bacteria to 3000 times their natural #ize, By using the platinum imple. ment first plunged into purifying flame, possibility of mixing the bac- teria is avoided, as the organisms are prevented from being carried over from one experiment to another. Having classified the bacteria under examination asthe species adapted to clover, vetches, beans or other plants, the organisms are fed upon the special nutrient salts which repeated tests {bave shown to be favorable to their increase. German investigators, oper- ating along similar lines, sought to rear the bacteria on sections and de- coctions of the plant which, in their | free state, they naturally select. This proved to be a failure, for though the | creatures grew, the super-abundance | of nitrogenous food served them ren- | dered them incapable of longer gather- | ing it from the atmosphere, The mis- taken method produced hearty-looking | bacteria but led to atrophy of the fac- |ulty that makes them valuable to | agriculture, | Btate College, and work will be com- | menced on it immediately. This edi- fice Is intended for the use of the base | ball and foot ball teams, together with all the other athletic olubs of the Col- lege. When teams or other athletic clubs come to Btate College this is the place they will be entertained. The building will be a frame truct- ure 33x84 feet, three stories high, It will contain a kitchen, dining room and parlor, together with bath rooms containing the very latest and most Improved appliances. It will have in it » number of sleeping apartments which will be used in entertaining their guests. It is that is badly needed and will have the effect of making athletios more a feature of the College, Make no Deductions, No deductions need be made from the story that Rev. W, F, D. Noble, a Methodist minister located at Snyder- town, while out walking recently, came across a den THAT ROAD LAW, Estimated Cost of Roads Frightens Farm. ers From Applytug for Ald. From all accounts the money appro- priated in this State for good roads is likely to remain in the State treasury. The Wilkesbarre “Record” as an illus- tration comments on the unwillingness of township authorities to apply for Btate aid, by the statement that the es- timated cost of the roads to be con- structed is $5,000 per mile. Of this sum the State would pay $3,384, the county $833 and the township $833. The townships are unable or unwil- ling to tax themselves to the extent required, and in consequence the law is likely to remain a dead letter until amended or repealed. The truth of the matter is the speci- fications laid down by the state author- ites are of such a nature that the cost of construction, even with the state aid, is beyond the reach of the townships in the rural districts, The thought of Potter township, for instance, build- ing $5000-a-mile-road would not be en- tertained by the most progressive. That township has probably one hun- dred miles of road, and to construct roads at the rate of $5000 per mile, would mean the bonding of the town- ship for as many thousand dollars as there are miles of road, It must be remembered that the greater portion of the county tax comes direct from the rural districts, To build roads, the county tax would at once be raised to.a point beyond en- durance. ————————_—— An Object of Contempt The following is being printed in the local newspapers, because there is not a village that does not have a com- plement of street loafers. The writer of the article, however, forgot to say that the parents are responsible for this condition of their children. The Average parent has a responsibility that is too lightly regarded. Hear about the street loafer: The street loafer is an object of con- tempt everywhere. He has no social standing anywhere. His influence, if he is so fortunate to have any, is al ways in the wrong direction. No one has ever found out what he is good for except that of being in everybody's way. He is considered a common nui. sauce for which no one has found a successful remedy. No successful bus- iness man will employ any one hang- ing around on the street corners. The boy who ean find nothing to do but loaf around the street would not be of very great value to his employer, When you have nothing else to do you should spend your time in tryiog to learn something that will be a ben- efit instead of spending it in idleness, You are watched just as closely when you are at work as you are when you are not working. Business men sare on the lookout for boys of energy and thrift. A position is always ready for this kind of a boy. A street loafer does not want to work and could not get a position if he wanted it. LOCALS, Miss Mabel Arney last week went to Northumberland where she is being entertained by Miss Leisher, daughter of James Leisher, formerly of this place, Dr. MeCluney Radcliffe, of Philadel- phia, arrived in town Saturday. Mon- day he returned to Miffiin county where, with his wife and daughter, he will spend some time. W. A. Bandoe, Jr., is now located at Pittsburg. On returning to Cincinnati, after his visit to his parents at this place, a short time ago, he immediate. ly came back to the Bmoky City. While George Cunningham, was driving over the mountain to Altoona a large panther attacked his team. Cunningham shot at the panther, but killed his horse. The panther escaped. Mr. and Mrs. George W. Tressler, of near Penns Cave, Saturday stopped at the Reporter office on their way to the home of Felix Bhuey, at Shiloh, who lives on one of the well kept farms in that locality and is the father of Mrs. Tressler. Mr. and Mrs. Tressler be- long to the present day frugal ¢ lass of farmers who make farming pay. Mrs. Myra Kerr and daughter Miss Kathryn and son William, about October 1st, will go to Chicago to take Up permanent residence in that city, Miss Kerr has secured a position in the Elgin public schools, near Chicago. Mrs. Kerr has a son who has been living in Chicago for several years, and itis bis purpose to again unite with the Kerr family. Mrs. C. A. Bpencer, of Carwensville, ‘was Lhe guest of W. H. Bartholomew, her uncle, last week. Mrs. Bpencer is A sister of Miss Anna Bartholomew, and will remain in Centre til the the intention of from Curwensville to TOWN AND COUNTY NEWS, HAPPENINGS OF LOCAL INTEREST FROM ALL PARTS. Mrs. John Mullen, of Allegheny City, accompanied by her little son, is visiting her brothers and sisters in this place, A. J. Reesman last week received a fine line of heaters, ranges and eook stoves. The designs are new and pretiy. Dairyman W. J, Smith has one of the finest herds of cows in this section, and besides are well fed and well groomed. Jeflries remains the champion prize fighter. Corbett was knocked out in the tenth round in the combat Friday night in Ban Francisco. Mrs. Laura Bricker and Mrs, Harry E. Bhirk, both of Boalsburg, drove to Centre Hall last week and were the guests of Mr, and Mrs. B. DD. Brisbin. The apple erop throughout the Unit- ed Btates is a large one, Cold storage space in the larger cities is being ea- gerly sought in advance of harvesting the crop. Bidney Reish, brother of James Reish of the Potters Mills hotel, paid his brothers in Centre county a visit, He is engaged on a street railway in Pittsburg. General John P. Taylor, of Reeds ville, was one of fifteen persons who went from Mifflin county to San Fran- cisco to attend the Grand Army Enp- Campment, Mrs. Clayton McKinney, of Altoo- na, whose husband is employed in the car shops in that place, in company with her two children is visiting her old home at Potters Mills. Adam Krumrine, of Tusseyville, was unfortunate in losing a Young horse valued at $150. The animal was one of a pair of well mated colts purchas- ed from Joel Kerstetter, at this place, Mrs. McGeehan, wife of Dr. W. A. McGeehan, of Eastbrook, Lawrence county, is visiting among friends in Centre Hall. Dr. McGeehan, several years ago, practiced his profession in this place and proved to be a skilled physician, Milton Walker, of Penn Hall, was admitted to the Bellefonte Hospital Wednesday of last week, suffering with appendicitis. He was operated upon, the operation being quite suc- cessful and is reported as getting along nicely. Mrs. W. A. Bandoe and daughter Helen, of this place, Saturday went to Burnham where they remained over Sunday with Mr. and Mrs. Porter W. Odenkirk, and Monday proceeded to MifMlin. Before returning they will £0 to Harrisburg. A state charter was issued to the MifMlinburg Buggy Company of Mifflinburg, for the manufacture and sale of vehicles, capital, $30,000. Di- rectors, H. F. Blair, R. B. Gutelius, H. B. Young, D. L. Glover H. P. Glover and W. B. Sterling, Mrs. J. Emory Hoy and daughter Elizabeth, of Philadelphia, Baturday returned from a visit to the Hoy fami- ly at State College to Centre Hall, where they will remain for several weeks with Mrs. Hoy’s parents, Mr. and Mrs. W, B. Mingle. The good work William Bilger did in building the abutments for the Bpring Mills bridge across Penns Creek no doubt accounts for the action of the county commissioners in giving him a similar contract for a county bridge across Pine Creek, Harris township. Miss Laura Runkle, of Centre Hall, for the past ten days has been in Potts- grove, where she is being entertained by a former school friend, Mrs. Wm. Finkle, nee Katie McCool. Before re- turning home the latter part of this week, Miss Runkle will visit Mrs. John Deitrick, of Milton. Mr. and Mrs. Emmit Labar and niece, of Lestershire, New York, were the guests of Mr. and Mrs, Olie D, Sto- ver, in this place. Mr. Labar is a bar- ber and with his wife, whois the sis- ter of Mrs. Stover, came to Centre county to compare mountain scenery and visit among friends. Mrs. B. H. Arney and Mrs. A. J. Reesman were summoned to Tyrone last week on account of the serious ill- ness of their sister, Mrs. Lydia Smith, who is suffering with poeumonia, From last reports her condition waa had been left to Miss Wilson her lifetime. Mr. Love is has planing mill and a Blau A short ti ler d ketry, to what they once were, and to where tinual roar of artillery and mus y sani a to | 4 July 8,6 a. m, The battle i on again. Daybreak of copper head n Harrisburg, but A SAO. Bend the news to the Reporter. snakes aud dispatched thity-nine of
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers