VOL. LXXVL. CENTRE COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. 148th Righnent, Pennsylvania Volunteers. By 7 P. Regiment, P. Me yer, Sergeant Co. A. , 148th V. {To be Continued.] CHAPTER 1V, Capt. Goldsborough, of Frederick, Md, who wus a member of the court mar- tial that tried him, wrote me Oot. 8th, 1902, stating that the evidence upon which he was convicted, consisted of papers found in his boots. These pa- pers, it was said, described the strength equipments, movements, and positions of the Army of the Potomac. At6a m. July 9th, we left our camp and resumed our pursuit of the Confederate Army, We marched through Frederick, Md., the town of { i “CARRY ME BACK TO OLE VIRGINNY." Leaving thousand wounded at of unburied dead, to the care of the hospital corps, the Christian and Sanitary Commis- d to the eitizens of Pennsyl- we moved out our po n, d in pursuit the Confed- g, July 5th, Pa., yeburg, and camp- developments, At seven fthe 7th, we rernsz, and moved ntijuous twenty-five a tho d usands gions, a: f " of i { “1iiq vania, and starte erate army, toward evenir and marched to Two Taverns, five miles from Gett ed to await nornin 'wo Ta iy WE on th g¢ p at Twan o'el Jeft cam 3 | 3 5 to ravil Midi., 1b CO rain and deep mud July Sthat5a. m we the resumed up, in sg sion till four p. we d four ederick City, having It all ye mud was deep and slushy. covered marching people wagon A ge standing ich was kept PAS | reer § dering { g fas within Md, Camps miles, rained Vell')y soaked and belt. were rain 0 tt t passing. his family, frout of their home, our laugh and we marched absolute with mud to the I throu turned out and artillery tleman and the walk in ed greatly interested There was talk and jest in the ranks “quick step’’ with ene, straight for and water, Just as we passed heard a young girl ask, goldiers care for rain or mud? A smaller girl, however, answered the question : No! they just love to walk in the mud and water. But, do they shoes and clothes are They would a village today ie y ace Lhe Lroops, trains n- on seem- h, lively in indiffer- through mud them I papa, don’t in Iaare as rward, care when their all covered with Jook nice if they were not so dirty. A lady remarked: “Evidently, they have no remorse for having just fought and killed and wounded twen- ty thousand me n! Oh, isn 't war a dreadful thing ? During the winter of 1862 while the army of the Potomac was encamp- ed at Fredericksburg, Va, a Mr. Richardson, a Virginian, frequently game into our camps selling war maps, soldier's medals, and stepeil plates to the soldiers, bearing their names, com- pany and regiments, to insure identi- fication if killed in battle, for infor- mation of friends at home, This individual made a tour through pur camps, just before the Chancellors. ville campaign, and one shortly be- fore we started on the Gettysburg campaign, He followed the army on the Geltys- burg Campaign, aod at Frederick (City) Md., he was recognized as the “Resident Virginian,” our “merchant of trinkets”! at Falmouth, Va. He was suspected and arrested as a spy, by men of French's Division of the {2th Corpe, tried, found guilty, and hung July 6th, to the branch of a tree, in » fleld to the right, and a few rods from the road, just outside of the lown, He was a brave, daring, rebel spy, and had successfully scouted for the Confederate Army for a long time. He was well knowu to the boys of the 148th P. V., most of whom had bought trinkets from him. His trinket sell ing was only a spreen or gover to hide his real character and business. The evidence upon which he was convicted, ss given to me at the time snd place, consisted of papers found in mud ? “5 o Fritehie! ranks well with the | Burns episode, an il fable, which overhashed John cgitimate, trivial great propor A number of men joined us at Gettysburg in the same way, and re- mained with the army for other bat- tles, whose names were never mentions ed, beside the fake ‘‘hero of Gettys- burg,” Burns A fi account was carried In an ance of the kittsvilie, from ing, cident, magnified to Ww miles beyond Frederick, on I gave out and ambulance the bal- We reached Bur- about twenty miles toward even- ’ of sick ness, day. Md., our morning start, and camped Later, ti ¢ross South we Corps was ordered to Mountaln, and Albert Lord, of Co, F,, Charles A. Wolf and I, of Co. A, all of the 148th, too sick to wove, were abandoned in a fleld pear the village, and left look out for The crossed the Mountain lute the Antietam country. It was evening and we the stable found a We soon ia oarps crept into of Mr. J. Horiue, where we plendid bed of loose straw. learned that we had fallen Here we remained during which time sldent physicians, Drs. Garrott nded us, while the good, and patriotic Horine family supplied us tly with fine eatables. Under vare of these people Wolf and I improved rapidly while Lord On Bunday morn- ing, Jnly 12th, we led him to a hospi tal which had been established in the Lutheran churoh, io the village, from which the seats had been removed, and beds of loose straw made on the floor. The . place was full of sick soldiers. These good people refused all offers of remuneration. At ten a. m. Wolf and I said good bye to them and amid heavy rain we set out to find the army and the 145th P. V., in Cui ’ } itivhnie several day # alte saree abundal the was getting worse, We crossed BSouth Mountain, at Crampton Gap, and the South Moun- tain and Antietam battle flelds where many marks of battle still remained, but no unburied dead. We reached the Antietam Creek, which was high and muddy, It was raining bard; but we thought a bath would do us no barm so we stripped, pt our clothes under a rubber blanket and jumped into the muddy, rushing torrent. The water was ice cold, and we did pot “swim' long. Continued our march in steady rain and mud; were hardly convalescent and when we reached Rohrersville, Md., four miles out we were tired out, and crept into a stable at nightfall; wet, mud ail over, cold and hungry, for we had no grub all day. We slept fairly well in ous wet clothes. There was no straw but we were thankful for the roof over us and the. dry planks we lay on when we heard the storm and rain outside, It was a hard roost and long before day-break, July 13th, we left it and started out on the Bharpsburg road, We had nothing to eat go we begged dry bread from a lady near Sharps- burg snd later found some pork and rain-soaked crackers on the ground where some troops had camped some time before. There was more than the hogs aud dogs could eat and we also had plenty. Hunger easily over: came our scruples, We pushed on; night had get ip very dark und rainy when we marched through Hagers. town. We reached the vicinity of Williamsport on the Potomac late in the night, having marched eighteen miles. Here we found the Regiment; the boys greeted us as though we had returned from the dead. They were working hard, in heavy rain, by the light of lanterns, in heavy timber, dig- ging trenches and building parapets, With enthusiasm they told us that the war would soon beover; that Lee's army was peoned up in the bend of tho river, which was too high to crops, His army woyld he attacked and eap- tured in the morning A few hours later a native came into our lines, and reported that the last of Lee's army had just crossed the Polomag into Virginia, Then there was commotion. We set out in pursuit and soon reached the deserted lines of the enemy. We found that he had held a magnificent, defensive position aod had built some of the finest field-works we had eve seen. We realized that ib was forta- nate for us and the nation that we did not fight him Iu this impregnable strong-hold. Had we fought him here the fruits of Gettysburg would we S00 fies bustom of 5 SAnisen: But haye been lost. HALL, PA oy for Fertilizer—For the Pr PART I11.—BY the direction of Dra, Albert F. Woods and George T. Moore, undertook to give the bacteria a food in which there was very little nitrate, The micro- gry for more nitrogen. creasiog the supply, the minished life and permit the development of the bacteria, but avoiding a diet for them that might weaken their ¢ apacity for beveficial work later on. The results been wonderful. scientists di- have organisms, it made them robust and intensified their nitrogen-gathering power. It had, seemingly, an effect upon them analogous to that produced upon an athlete by careful diet training. and It isthe pextstep that imparts to this great discovery its practical eco- nomic application, After the bacteria bad been reared to full maturity on the course of nutrient salts, the secret of which the Government withholds now for the protection of the people at large, the millions of microorganisms were soaked up in absorbent cotton and thoroughly dried. After several months they were Immersed in water and found to be not only alive but pos- seascd of extraordinary activity. Fed on another series of nutrient salts, they multiplied amsziogly., Tests were then made with seeds. Legumes reared in poor soils from seeds inoculated with these bacteria yielded prolifically. The same seed not ipoculated, and planted in like soil, struggled feebly and yielded =a crop lonsignificant in comparison with that reenforced Ly the nitrogen breath- ing orgacisms, Little difficulty is expected to be en- countered by the Department of Agri- culture in convincing the farmers of the United States that an abundant in- crease awaits the lotroduction of labo. ratory bacteria into the soil. Through the Government's discovery the farm- er will know that he ls inoculating his seed and his felds with benign or- gauisms, for the sterilizing process in the Government's laboratory work, as has been explained, make impossible the invasion of noxious parasites, Assisting Doctors Moore and Woods in this Important work are 8 number of youug men equipped with most pro- gressive ideas. Mr. Karl F. Keller- man, Mr, T. 8. Robinson, Mr. Dwight B. Ball and others have helped to d e- velop successfully the incubation of the yunumbered billlons of these in- finitesimal gathers of nitrogen. It is not necessary that the farmer should understand chemistry or any lech nie- al details of plant physiology to take sdvaniage of the Government's new solentific discovery. He gets his packages of bacteria and salts, and =a printed formula as to their use. The packages arg numbered and the pre- he has prepared the seed he planes it Just as he would if {§ were not inocu- lated, Or be may introduce the bac- teria into the soil independent of the seeds. Either method will render former crops in poor soil paltry in comparison with the prodigious yield tion of the bacteria. For many years farmers have known that an occasion- al leguminous erop restored fertility to the soil. The Department of Agri culture now assures them that, with- out the presence of these bacteria or | their introduction by the farmer, leg- | uminous plants will assist in the ex-! haustion of the soll just as do no n-ni- trogen assimilating cereals. Professor W. O. Atwater and ot her H. A. SURFACE. Btate Economic Zoologws Burfee, twa yearst careful study of the Putte essian iy in Pennsylvania, has reach ed the conclusion that there is no true remedy for this most destructive wheat pest after it Is once in the wheat or bar- ley, but that care in modifying weth- ois of ENG will be effectual in pre. its ravages, and it can be kept ogressive Farmer, HAROLD BOLCE. of nitrogenous elements in the diet of Americans. Protein, which contains nitrogen, they have pointed out, forms blood muscle, bone, tendon and other tissues of the body, but they have found by analyses a deficient amount |of protein in American foodstuffs, This, they have clearly explained, is due to the fact although unlimited (supplies of nitrogen hover over the world, many of the plants reared by the farmer lack the power to absorb it. As physicians, therefore, preparing & regimen rich in protein for the health and strength of the American people, these billions of bacteria will perform unique labors. It has been explained above that the Government scientists in rearing these bacteria keep them hungry by feeding them on salts containing less and less nitrogen, and that the organisms are then dried and shipped in a state of suspended animation. When revived, therefore, by the farmer they are won- derfully voracious, and their capacity for absorbing nitrogen, which in turn they bestow upon the plant, is very great, us Is attested by the quick and luxurious growth of the crop. It is providential that the food supply of these nitrogen feeders is inexhaustible. It is estitnated by scientists that the atmosphere contains four million bill- ion tous of nitrogen, and what is taken froms the air is restored by another geuus of bacteria, freeing nitrogen from decaying vegetation which had employed it in attaining growth, The value of the Government's laboratory triuwaph will be more fully realized when it Is recalled that up to the present time the coustant elimi- nation from the soil of its nitrogen and the seeming impossibility of ob- taining it in soy large amounts from the air have caused specialists to alarm the world from time to time with grave snd carefully calculated prophe- cles of a nitrogen famine, They believed that no agency could be found and geverally diffused that could succeed in overcoming the in- ertia of nitrogen and obtaining it from the air. Therefore, with 35,000 tons of nitrogen suspended over every acre of land, it was predicted that the specta- cle would uitimstely be witnessed of the starvation of crops unable to ab- sorb the vitalizing element. The fact that an immense amount of energy is required in physics to make nitrogen unite with apything, lent substance to this saturine prediction, When wood burns, the heat radi- ated shows bow powerful was the agency of the sun in supplying the energy and assembling the elements that made the growth of the tree pos- sible. But mighty as the sun is, it Is The microscopic creatures which the Gov. ernment is propagating in Washing- ton are, Lherefore, able to accomplish what the sun is unable to perform. In the matter of the sun, however, it is providentisl that it cannot cope with nitrogen. If it could, scientists ex- nibilate all life, and all the piled-up monuments of man’s genius, and the earth would be a vast sepulchre, The Government's success in propa- gating these beneficial bacteria comes at an opportune time in the world’s history. Guano deposits are nearly | depleted, and the nitrate beds of Chile {and Peru, which in 1860 were esti- i mated to eontaln enough of the ferti- liging element to supply the world for fifteen centuries, are now giving out, and at the present rate of exportation | will be almost exhausted at the end of another generation, re —— ‘out of the grain if taken in time. The most important of these preven- tives Is late planting, as the result of ‘ Professor Burface’s studies show that | the percentage of infested flelds in re- | Iation to the date of planting gradually | increased from all that were planted in | Aug being infested and about half of those in the middle of Beptember | containing fly to not one per cent, of | the flelds planted after October 1 hav- ing the pest in any of the samples sub mitted. From all the wheat-growing counties in Pennsylvania samples of growing wheat have been sent to Professor Bur- face every week during the last two years. He has examined them with care and noled the presence or absence Ob the Hessian fly, the stage of the pest, its distribution and dates of appearance and disappearance. ag yee of the ylelds, according to doles of planting, showed that, in gen- eral, higher average ylelds were obtain. ed (rom felds planted late, than from those planted early. The final con- clusion is that no wheat should be 27, 1903. POMONA GRANGE MEETS, FPleusant and Profitable Meeting st Wash. ington Grange, near State Oollege At the May meeting of the county grange the county was divided into four districts, to more thoroughly or- ganize the work for the Grange En- campment and Fair, The reports of the committees indicated that so far as their work proceeded considerable progress had been made and renewed interest was manifested, James A. Keller, chairman, reported for the first district, comprised of the following granges—Centre Hall, Pot- ters Mills, Spring Mills, Millbeim, Fiedler, Rebersburg and Madisonburg, James C. Gilliland, chairman, re- ported for the second district, com- prised of the following granges—Oak Hall, Pine Hall, Half Moon, Rock Bprings and Meek’s church, John Dale, chairman, reported for the third district, comprised of the following granges—Pleasant Gap, Zion, Hublersburg, Jacksonville and Roopsburg. Col. James F. Weaver, chairman, reported for the fourth district, com- prised of the following granges—Miles- burg, Howard, Romolaand Unionville. James A. Keller, secretary of the County Grange Fire Insurance Com- pany, reported that insurance in force in the company was $4,2580,120.00; gain in insurance for the last quarter, $225 - 626.00, Miss Annie Dale, of Oak Hall, gave & very interesting reading. There was a very earnest and inter- esting discussion on the question as to what assistance the business enter- prises of the county grange can give in building up 'the order. The noon repast was held under the trees which resolved itself into a social banquet and proved to be a most en- Joyable event of the meeting. By resolution, the fourth quarterly meeting, in November, will be held at Centre Hall when the degree of Po- mona will be conferred in all its grandeur, at 1 p. m., after which the biennial election of officers will take place, in the fifth degree. Only mem- bers who are in good standing in the county grange have the privilege of witnessing this feature. All other bus- iness will be done in the fourth degree. After the disposition of much other interesting business the meeting ad- Journed, all feeling that this was a most delightful event of the county grange. Demoeratic State Convention, In pursuance of the action of the Democratic State Committee the Dem- ocratic Btate Convention will convene in the Hall of the Board of Trade Rooms in Harrisburg, Wednesday, Bept. 2, 1003, at 12 o'clock noon, to place in nomination One candidate for Auditor (General, One candidate for State Treasurer, Two candidates for Buperior Court Judge, aod to transact such other business as may properly be brought before it. 4. K. P. Hani, Chairman State Demo. Com. P. Gray MEEK, Bec. ———A — A ——— planted § in this State before the last week of Beptember at the earliest, and that planting should be nearly two weeks later in the southern part of the State than in the northern part. Professor SBurface recommends sow- ing a trap strip across the fleld during the early part of August to catch the eggs of the fly if it should appear in great numbers. After the eggs are laid and the safely of the later wheat is thus insured the trap strip should be plowed well under, and it may then be planted again for the regular crop. Professor Burface has prepared a bulletin giving the result for his study of the Hessian fly in this State for the information of the practical agricultur- ists in Pennaylvania. The bulletin is now in the hands of the State Printer, and will be ready in about thirty days for free distribution from the office of the State Economic Zoologist. Profess- or Burface says his studies of the fly are needed, and are justified bythe fact that it causes a greater actual loss to the farmers of Pennsylvania than does any other one kind of insect. Professor Burface isnot in sympathy with the demand for the repeal of the law forbidding the destruction of rob- "ins upon the ground that the birds are playing havoc with fruit, especially cherries, Professor Burfaoe is a champion of the robin and he is earnest ia his protest against exposing them to indiscrimin- ate shooting. He says that wild straw- berries, shad berries, dew berries and mulberrries, which were once plenti- fal, have now almost disappeared, ow- ing to the encroachment of cultivation. Now the red breasts must either starve or eat cultivated fruit. A fellow can’t very well help feel fog sely Shen Watermvion and Contiuuedat foot of wet oluma. NO. TOWN AND COUNTY NEWS. HAPPENINGS OF LOCAL INTEREST FROM ALL PARTS. George M. Walk was appointed post- master at Hannah, The Doll brothers have purchased the Harrison bakery in Bellefonte, The Millheim Journal about the miserable bridges in Millheim, D. H. 8Shlagle, the plasterer, of Bpring Mills, did some repairing in the school rooms in this place, last week, complains condition of the The Baileyville creamery was re. cently purchased from the Francis Rhoads estate by W. E. Hofiman, of Tyrone, The depot at Centre Hall was re- painted last week by men regularly in the employment of the Pennsylvania railroad. Mre. Louisa Kahl sold her farm land west of Booneville—twenty acres—to Ammon Behrack for the consideration of $1000. Miss Kathryn Kerr Baturday of this week will go to Elgin, Illinois, to ac- cept a position in the public schools at that place. Catharine Derstine, sister of M. M. Derstine, deceased, this place, died in Bellefonte Thursday of last week at the age of seventy years. Wm. H. Gushard, Mifflin, who was killed at the Burnham steel works by an explosion of slag, was a cousin of W. A, Bandoe, in this place. ¥ Of of C. J. Houser, one of the managers of the Eureka Mine Car Company at La- Jose, Clearfield county, visiting in Centre county. He is native of Houserville. is a Elmer E. Houtz, who for the past year has been engaged in the butcher- ing business in Millheim, sold his meat market and next spring will be- gin farming again. team belonging to Je- near Rebersburg, ran away on returning to the barn for a load of manure. Before the horses were gotten under control, one of the animals was killed. A four-horse rome Moyer, of Examinations for admission to the Pennsylvania State will be held at the College Tuesday and Wed- nesday, September 15th and 16th, be- ginning at 8:30 a. m. each day. { ‘ollege Mrs. Enoch Perrine, wife of Profes- sor Perrine, of Bucknell University, Lewisburg, was fatally burned Thurs- day morning. She was raking the fire when a spark ignited her dress. The progress of -photography ss a fine art is admirably illustrated in the Woman’s Home Companion for Bep- tember, which has a double page of exquisite examples of the photogra- phers’ art, The State College Times'says : and Mrs. E. M. Huyett and two daughters, and Mr, and Mrs. P. H. Lause and son, all of Centre Hall, were in town Thursday to see the college grounds and buildings. Adam Heckman, of Lamar, came to Centre Hall Monday and took with him to his home Mr. and Mrs. 8. H. Heckman and children, of Johnstown, who will spend the remainder of their vacation in Clinton county. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Herring, of Pittsburg, and Miss Mame Herring, of Altooua, last week were guests of Mr. and Mrs. B. H. Arney, Mr. and Mrs. J. T. Lee and Mrs. Minnie Rich- ard. Mr. Herring is a druggist and is doing a good business in Pittsburg. Mrs. Smith, wife of W. H. Smith. of Bpring Mills, attended a family re- union of the Wagners at Pennsylva- nia Furnace, last week. On this oc- casion Mrs. Smith's parents, Mr. and Mrs. John D. Wagner, celebrated their golden wedding. Seventy-two descendants were present. Fire totally destroyed John Wash- burn’s mountain residence, says the Loganton Journal, together with all the contents, leaving the family desti- tute of anything, save a few potatoes and garden vegetables, The family is in need of provisions, clothing and household goods to relieve their distress. George Tate, son of Potter Tate, who at one time lived on the Wilson farm near the station, has been in the vicinity of Yeagertown for the past eleven years. At present he is reap- fog a harvest, his occupation being a builder and contractor. He has a number of men working under him every day, and itis said on good au thority that he is coining money. Henry Snyder, an upright and well- known farmer, of Ferguson Valley, ow- | Mifflin county, while digging a hole in which to bury a large stone, weigh- ing, probably, a ton or more, was caught by the rock and had one of his Jegs horribly crushed from the knee to the foot. The injury and shock caused his death a few hours the acci Mr.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers