THE COLUMBIAN. BLOOMSBURG, 1X THE GUARDED MINE Incomes Small at Compared with Present-day Cresuses ACCUMULATION PROCESS CHANGED rrjr Kich of To-day Six Times :w ICIch and Twelve Tillies as Xuiii rus as Those ot the "Anclen ..fgime" AccuniuluU'd by Law v Force. i-iiaglliation has clothed the courts o. .uu iilngs of France since the last ti ..undo with a glamour of wealtii auu spleuUor unparalleled In our own uays. Their paiuces have been pictured us perpetual panoramas of magnificence that contemporary mil lionaires for all their lavish expendi tures have not reproduced. Yet ac cording to Vlcomte Georges d'Avc Bel, In tlia Revue des Deux Monties, their incomes were relatively small compared with those of present-day merchants and bankers of France. After painstaking research he proves that "the very rich of to-day are six times as rich, or those of equal for tune are twelve times as numerous, as the richest men of the 'ancleii regime;' they are tea times as ilea or twent: times as numerous as tne most opulent princes of feudal limes." At the same time the labor ing classes, the people who livu uy tuu work of their hands, are twice us ncn as their ancestors. IUuCi' lull luli'u ivcpuOilc 1,000 persons have liicoin-3 exceciuji 40,000. Of these 1,000 there are 350 with incomes of more tauu $100,000, 120 nave uu annual lev-, enue of more thuu iuo.ooo, liny more than $U0O,OU0 ana anoui u., more than 1,000,000. For purposes of exact comparison 11. d'Aveiiel estimates all fortunes and incomes of ' gone times In terms of their equivalent value to-day, not as mere nominal sums. L'p to tne end of the sixteenth century, lie snows, no one had au income of $1,000,000. Louis IX. In tne excep tional year of the crusade of IL'01 spent 1775,000. After the Hundred Years' War, hi 1450, Charles Vll.'s budget was $212,000. In 1516 Fran cis 1., noted for bis taste for luxury, had only 1259,000 for his person and bis court. Napoleon lll.'s civil J'nt amounted to 15,000,000, but uls XIV. had less than S4.000, i for all expenses of an extrava .t court. Hichelieu and Ma.ann . . .lved tremendous incomes trom ... ;ir privileges, Mazarin leaving by . .1 nearly Sll',000,000 to the King, .. ao refused It and let it pass to Mazarln'g eight nephews and nieces. Except these three no person up m the time of the Revolution enjoyed an Income of 11,000,000, and tne revenues of Richelieu ana Mazarni were subject In fact to charges real ly connected with the state. Mine. .. Malntenon during the twenty ;3ars of her reign received $14,000, 000, but did not leave enough to pay her brother's debts. Most of the royal princesses from the thirteenth to the fifteenth cen tury received dowries of only about $130,000. The daughter of the Pres ident Jeannin, whose daughter bad the greatest marriage of Paris in the latter part of the sixteenth century, received only $84,000. Among the nobility similar sums were very rare. Individual fortunes, M. d'Avencl says, were accumulated In the mid- . die ages not by force of the law lut 1 by the law of force; 1 the shifting of existing wealth, not by the ac cumulation of new riches. There was great Inequality of wealth by reason of privilege. Modern laws and political systems have changed , the processes of accumulation, but n or; prevented 'ne inequality result ing from changed conditions of corn- in merfo aud Industry. In making t.ie poorest class i -day twice as well off in regard to earnings as their grand tarn ci-h were, t.me with all its cnuugps has given to the richest viass in France the oportunlty by Ikcir factories .nd banks to become four or six tlm:j as rich as the rich est functionaries of the old mon archy. And yet France is poor in millionaires and French millionaires poor in millions compared with our American princes of trade and prop erty. Cats to Scar Squirrels. Three easterners came out to the toast a year and a half ago looking for a location, and the result of th venture was explained recently ay H. J. Macomber, who arrived at the St. Francis and registered from Pal clnes Rancbo. They have just completed a $2t,- 000 dam a mile long and nearly 10 feet high, and the ..ter for It Is brought through seven mi'es of ditches from the Tres .'in" and tne S-n Benito rivers. But squirrels are the pest and the menace, ant', a man with a gun has to guard the dam to keep squirrels from puncturing it and starting a break. At the dam a colony of cats has been placed to ,:LttBO squirrels, and one cf the nen lias devUed a great number of little crosses with ribbons from tho arms and a cross is set at each squirrel nole so that as the breeze blcws the ribbons flutter and wh n the squir rel comes up it ' frightened away San Francisco Chronicle You Never 'Do, Yon never hear of a woman Join ing the ancient order of anything. Birmingham Age-Herald. WOMEN IN TURKEY. HAVK TAKKJf A I.KADIVO PAllT IX MXEXT KKVOU TIt)X. Countess ln Ithonzlnvkn, Ksrnped to Pnrls from Hnm-i, l.oiul'nit the Work of Liberty for Iter Country Women. Women have taken a great, though silent, part In the Turkish revolution which has exacted a constitution from the Sultan. The most remark able of the Turkish revolutlonalres Is the Countess de Hohozlnska, daughter of the late Noury Bey, former under secretary of state for foreign affairs In Turkey, who, rath er than bear the oppression of harem life, escaped to Paris and married a Polish count. She has since thrown her soul Into the work of liberty for her country women. The revolution In Turkey is a fight for advanced Ideas and higher Ideals. The marriage laws of Turkey aro such that women are not held on a high plane. Monogamy Is gaining ground and has been for some time, but the harems still hold aleadlng place and the Turkish gentleman Is not credited with having a homo un til he has married two or more wo men, usually his slaves. The ex pense of marrylfcg a woman of rank owing to numerous wedding fpntivl tles and presents Is enough to make the fondest heart waver. The mar riage of a Blave costs only the pur chase bey for the woman and for all that she -may be a high-born ludy. rtt mm J !J i ilPhw THE COUNTESS OF ROHOZINSKA. The dreaded specter of a mother-in-law never troubles the Turk who has married a slave, but with all that he has his troubles with bis many wives and they are never happy un less they adopt the oriental fatalism which leads them to believe that they have only one life to live and it matters little how it is spent. CurinK for Itlrd Cages. Those who own canaries find them at this time of the year suffering from rheumatism, which Is caused by standing on wet perches. A special ist in bird diseases says that birds suffer terribly from the carelessness of those who clean the cases. Women will wash out a cage and neglect to thoroughly dry It. The perch is left damp, and the bird, standing on It, at once takes on rheumatism, which spreads through the body. A little Inflammation starts in the feet, and this is apt to result In a tiny abscess vJalch is torture to the bird. The specialist tells women that the perches should be scraped and then rubbod with a dry cloth instead of being washed each time. If they are washed they should be dried In the oven before being put back In the cage. Ways to Clean Tun Leather. The knowledge that tan leather Is hard to clean at home keeps a grent many people from wearing it as much as they should like. Unless one Is very careful the ef forts of renovating make It become dark and streaked In places. Heavy tan gloves, which are al most every one's great comfort, can be kept In good condition by taking a damp rag and rubbing it over the surrace. This removes the dirt and restores the original color. Yellow shoes, which no girl con siders herself In the latest style with out, can be cleaned by putting a few drops of turpentine on a woolen rag and rubbing them evenly all over. When dry polish with a soft brush and they will look like new. . Welsh-rabbit Point. The cheese in a Welsh-rabbit will I not separate or become stringy if the following suggestions are observ ed: The "rabbit" should not be cooked directly over a flame, as the Intense heat hardens the albumen In the cheese; but over hot water, and the water should not be allowed to boll. To further Insure success, add. a pinch of soda, which serves to counteract the acidity of the cheese. , This also makes It more digestible. Easily Prepared Itcllsh. An easily prepared and good rel ish for this time of the year Is made of twelve large cucumbers, six large onions, three green peppers, one cup of grated horseradish and half a cup j Ol salt. Chop all fine and drain in . a bag over night. In morning add half a eup of brown sugar, one tea , spoonful of celery eed and two ta ; blespoonful of white mustard seed. Oorer with vinegar, mix well and I Mo Booking Is needed. A HE PRAYS Al W SAYSHIS WIFE Hewitt So Religious That tho Auditorium Concert Seems a Deadly Sin WIFE COMPLAINS, DENIED MCKEY 8h Tells Court a World of Petty An noyances and Asks Rolief Says Husband "Lost Money" While She Was III. Denver, Colo. "My h.tsband clnl.n ed that the concerts at the Auditori um were Immoral, and drew u.e down over a chair and prayed for me tnree times over, and that I jnlght be saved from my sins and learn to k:io.v ti nt the so-called pleasures of the world amount to nothing. He was jealous of my women friends us well ns my gentlemen friends, claiming thut it was a loss of time as well us a Iojs of money to nurse ue when 1 was sick nd complaining that he Imd to pay my hospital bill nt one time when I paid the most of it out of my private purse." These are among the charges made by Mrs. Anna J. Hewitt of 48 South Logan avenue against KImer S. He witt, a cabinetmaker, from whom she seeks a divorce In tho county court. She also charges him with extreme and repeated acts of cruelty, non-support and general unfitness for a hus band. At a time when she became vio lently 111, she says, her husband com plained that he was losing money In staying by her bedside. At one time she needed a dress so badly that they Jointly borrowed the money from her uncle, her husband agreeing to pay it back In two weeks. She alleges that to this day the bill has never been paid, though It was contracted a long time ugo. The climax camo when plaintiff al leges that, being fond of music, she lnduceu' her husbanu to take her to the auditorium concert on thut date; iat after their return ho declared the concert was immoral, and drew her down over a chair and prayed for her, going over the following portion of the prayer three distinct times: "Oh, Lord! save us from our gins and Bhow us that tho so-called pleas ures of the world amount to nothing!" Upon this act she drew the line across their marriage certificate and declares she will never live with him again. 8ALTON 8EA JUST A POND. It Will Dry Up, Jlrector Newell Says, butNot for Years. Washington, D. C That the Salton Sea Is but an accumulation of waste water in the bottom of a depression 200 or more feet below sen level, is the statement of F. H. Newell, direc tor of the reclamation service. Rela tively to a real sea Mr. Newell adds. It Is a mere puddle or duck pond In a vast extent of arid desert which at one time was the floor for a large body of fresh water. "It la not a new thing," says ho, "but a revival in historic times of what has probably occurred frequent ly In geological history." He says that the wonderful results attributed to the sea in Increasing rainfall in the Southwestern States and Territories Is a case ot placing the cart before the horse. Mr. Newell cescrlbes vividly tho break In the dike ot the Colorado River, the knifelike cutting of the uew channel, the organized attack on the water and the final successful closing of the break during the year. "The sea may now evaporate at from five to seven or more feet annu ally," he says, "but for many years It probably will be a mark of interest to the traveller, and the inhabitants of the Imperial Valley must live, as do the people of Holland, with an eye to protection against this enemy of their homes." OBJECTIONS TO PROHIBITION. Says 8preed of Drug Habit Among Abstainers is Alarming. Philadelphia. Dr. Muwt Mnnatsp. berg of Harvard delivered a lecture before the Contemuorarv Club of this olty on "Prohibition," which was an eiaooratlon of his views recently ex plotted In a widely discussed icaga sine article. His plan Is a camDalKn of educa tion toward a moderate use of light wines and beers, which he belle ves tn be beneficial to the user. He said the worst feature of prohibition was not Its destruction of industries, the mak lng ot hundreds of thousands of work ers breadless, and the depriving of millions of a harmless joyful feeling but that It out a nremlum on viotn. tlon of the law and created the lone ly drinker of highly potent beverages like whiskey. He said: "I SPeak as a D8Vchothrnntli. whose experiences cover the whole country. I say that the spreading ot eocainlsm and morphlalsm and ruin ous habits among the abstainers la alarming. To fight Intemperance by proamnion means to substitute evil for another." Twenty-six Million In Sunday Sohoole. Chicago. It is estimated that s 000,000 pupils are studying the Inter national Sunday ' School Leesoa throughout the worM at the pcsssnt vme. WOMAN'S LONG VIGIL JIT LIGHT. Miss Heoox Has Tended a Paclfld Coast Beacon for 27 Years. Miss Laura A. Hecox, who for twenty-seven years has tended the light of the Santa Cruz lighthouse, has but i recently returned to her post fru.u the last of the tlx vacations she has taken during that period. Since lbSl this woman has had absolute charge of the light, and In all that time it has never gone out during the night. Miss Hecox followed her father in chnrKe of the light. Il u-na n ri tiruft ! clergyman, who took the work ot car ing for the light when his health broke down under the stress of his pnstoral duties. With him went bid wife and girl, who cared for him us well as the light. During the thlrten years her father was in charge Miss Hecox was prac tically the real mistress of the light house. When his death came she ap plied for and obtained the work. Since that time she has been steadily ut It, cleaning, tending and watching the light that it may be never dimmed. Then hnr mother died In the o'.d lighthotiHa and the woman was left alone with her work. She loves it und is never aatislltd If she Is uway fum It for long. Her only recreation Is an occasional vlsli to her hroilier, who lives nt Oceanside, and gathering in sea specimens, a collection of wi.lch she recently gave to the Santa Liu library. Fortunately for Miss Hecox the San ta Cruz llghthouBe Is not built on a rockbouna toast, but is bowtiod among trees. The light Is modern, of twelve candle-power multiplied by reflectors to something like (iti5 candle-power. During the twenty-seven years it has been tended by .Miss 11 cox no ship haa been wrecked on the Santa Cruz coast. Los Ang.-ca Times. Froved An Alibi. This happened nt a certain board ing place one of those whero'a few refined gentlemen may share an ele gant home." The gir! with the dun locks brought In the soup. When she came to Jen kins he noticed a long string of sub stance entirely foreign to the soup it self. It was a hair. In the dim light It looked as If it might have been from the dun head of the waitress. Jenkins called her attention to tliij, remarking that the best culinary au thorities ure agreed that a yip of cranial capillary substance is not es sential to the success of a plute of coiioomme or other liquid nourlsu incut She didn't follow him fully, but when she saw him holding up the yunrter ot a yard or more of hair, ac cusingly, she spoke up in her own de fense. "That uiu't mine!" she declared, in un agrieved tone. "It couldn't bo mine. Why, I ain't even brushed my hair since yestiddy!" Advance of Forestry, The announcement that the largest owners of pulp-wood forests In this country have applied to Chief Plnchot of the Federal Bureau of Forestry for advice and aid indicates the advance which scientific forestatlon has made. It "also suggests the possible working out of the problem of State regula tion of privately owned forests. There has been question of the constitution ality of such regulation. But if the value of forestry can be demonstrated bo that private owners voluntarily subject their wooded lauds to the supervision of the State bureau tho end will be accomplished. The actlou of a great paper company in seeking Mr. Pinchot s services may be follow ed by other forest owners. The Prison Tit. "Something always happens to a man's shape if he stays in jail long enough," said a warden, "Sometimes that change in figure Is due to putting off or taking on flesh, but I have no ticed that if a man leaves jail weigh ing to the very ounce what he weighed when he came in his clothes don't fit. No matter what the scales say, a man's figure seems to swell out hero nnd Bhriuk away there, to become elongated or sawed off during impris onment. The clothes that be wore Into jail may be first-class as to qual ity and fit, but when the man gets ready for freedom they have a regu lar 'jail' set, and he never can feel right -till he gets a new suit" Mixed Destinations. A man who rarely attends church wa3 persuaded to go with a friend, a few Sundays ago. After they had left the building at the close of the service the Infrequent worshipper discovered, to his dismay, that he had dropped into the collection plate a $10 gold piece instend of the quarter he had meant to give. "Never mind," said his friend, re usBuringly; "let's go immediately and speak to the minister. I know hini very well, and when 1 explain the situation to him you can have your ten back without the least question." "No!" snapped the other, with do clslon; "we won't do anything of the kind. I gave the money to the Lord, and now It can go to the devil!" Unaooountable Mistake. 11 was quiet in the sleeping car. Suddenly the passenger In lower No.i7 parted the curtain, thrust out a weather-beaten face and hailed tho sable functionary who was tiptoeing past "Say," he grumbled, "whore's tho plllers for this bunk!" "There are your pillows, suh." Ba!d the porter. "Them things 1" exclaimed the pas senger. "Smash my topllghts! I thought them was the life preservers'" The Kind You Have Always in use for over 30 years, wary. 0-c4tcw Allow AU Counterfeits, Imitations and "Just-ns-jrnod" aro but Experiments that trifle with and endanger tho health of Infants and Children Experience against Experiments What is CASTORIA Costorla is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. If contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotkv substance. Its age Is its guarautco. It destroys Worms and allays Fevcrlshn'ess. It cures Diarrhwa and Wind Colic. It relieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipation and Flatulency.' It assimilates the Food, regulates the Stomach and Dowels, giving healthy and natural sleep The Children's Panacea The Mother's Friend. GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYO Bears the The KM You Have Always Bought In Use For M1 Cf NTAU eoMMMV. TV BIG OFFER To All Our Subscribers The Great AMERICAN FARMER Indianapolis, Indiana. The Leading Agricultural Journal ot the Nation. Edited by an Able Corps of Writers. The American Farmer is th hshed. It fills a position of its own and has taken the leadinz place in the homes of rural people in every section of the United btates. It gives ti:e farmer and his family something to think about aside from the humdrum of routine duties Every Issue Contains an Original Poem by SOLON G00DE WE MAKE THE EXCEPTIONAL OFFER OF Two for the Price of The Oldest County Paper and THE American Farmer BOTH ONE YEAR FOR $I.OO This unparalleled offer is made to all new subscribers and all old ones who pay all arrears and renew withTn Srtv davs Sample copies free. Address : n tanty a&ys' THE COLUMBIAN, The Peruna Almanac. The HrncTfruti .i .j.. t. supplied with the Peruna almanac 111 auuiuuu 10 ine regu lar astronomical matter usually fur nished in almanacs, the articles on astrology are very attractive to most people. The mental charac teristics of each sign are given with faithful accuracy. A list of lucky and unlucky days will be furnish to those who have our almanacs tree of charge. Address the Pernl a Co., Columbus, O. 4t. Many requests from Culuirh mif ferers who use atonilwm mve chuw.I u to put up Liquid Ciena, jj,,, ' new anil convenient form of ' Cream IMm, the only remedy for (V tarrh which can always be iW.uled on. In power to allay Inilamma lo to cleanse the closed air-pa, w. ' mote free natural- breathing the two Traspass Motioeg, Card signs ' 'No Trespassing" for sale at this office. They are print' ed in accordance with the late act of 1903. Price 5 cents each, tf Bought and which Las been has borne tho signature oC and has been made under his per sonal supervision since its infancy no one to decci re you i n th is. Signature of Over 30 Years. MUMM T' IT. HtW VOIW OITV. nnlv T.itoror, rl ... One: THE COLUMBIAN Bloomsbnrg, Pa. In all the various weaknesses, dis pacenients, prolapsus, iutlammation an debilitating cuturihul drains and iiiall cases of nervousness and debility JJr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription U the most elticient remedy that can siblv be used. It has to its credit bun amis of thousands of cures more in tact than any other remedy put up for sale throuKh druKKlsts, especially for woman 1, use. The inuredienu of whioh favorite Prescription" is coiiiK)ed nave received the most positive t ndorse !Y t um t,,e,,''liiiK writers on Mate 1U Mediea of all the several i-chools of practice. All the ingredients are priut ea in plain hinjlish on the wrapper en eloMiiiK the bottle, so that any woman makliiK use of this famous medicine may know exactly what she is taking lr. I ierce takes liis patients into his mil confidence, which he can fiord to do as the formula after which the "Fa vorite Prescription" Is made will hear tl e most cnrxlul examination. I). Pierce's Pleasant Pellets-are the lMt and safest laxative for women. .. . . Any real boy wou'd rather be named Hill than Montmorency. --- . CASTORIA For Infant! and Children. Hie Kind You Have Always Bougbt Bears th Signature 0f '
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers