THE COLUMBIAN. BLOOMSBURG, 1X
THE GUARDED MINE
Incomes Small at Compared with
Present-day Cresuses
ACCUMULATION PROCESS CHANGED
rrjr Kich of To-day Six Times :w
ICIch and Twelve Tillies as Xuiii
rus as Those ot the "Anclen
..fgime" AccuniuluU'd by Law
v Force.
i-iiaglliation has clothed the courts
o. .uu iilngs of France since the last
ti ..undo with a glamour of wealtii
auu spleuUor unparalleled In our
own uays. Their paiuces have been
pictured us perpetual panoramas of
magnificence that contemporary mil
lionaires for all their lavish expendi
tures have not reproduced. Yet ac
cording to Vlcomte Georges d'Avc
Bel, In tlia Revue des Deux Monties,
their incomes were relatively small
compared with those of present-day
merchants and bankers of France.
After painstaking research he proves
that "the very rich of to-day are six
times as rich, or those of equal for
tune are twelve times as numerous,
as the richest men of the 'ancleii
regime;' they are tea times as ilea
or twent: times as numerous as tne
most opulent princes of feudal
limes." At the same time the labor
ing classes, the people who livu uy
tuu work of their hands, are twice us
ncn as their ancestors.
IUuCi' lull luli'u ivcpuOilc 1,000
persons have liicoin-3 exceciuji
40,000. Of these 1,000 there are
350 with incomes of more tauu
$100,000, 120 nave uu annual lev-,
enue of more thuu iuo.ooo, liny
more than $U0O,OU0 ana anoui u.,
more than 1,000,000.
For purposes of exact comparison
11. d'Aveiiel estimates all fortunes
and incomes of ' gone times In terms
of their equivalent value to-day, not
as mere nominal sums. L'p to tne
end of the sixteenth century, lie
snows, no one had au income of
$1,000,000. Louis IX. In tne excep
tional year of the crusade of IL'01
spent 1775,000. After the Hundred
Years' War, hi 1450, Charles Vll.'s
budget was $212,000. In 1516 Fran
cis 1., noted for bis taste for luxury,
had only 1259,000 for his person
and bis court. Napoleon lll.'s civil
J'nt amounted to 15,000,000, but
uls XIV. had less than S4.000,
i for all expenses of an extrava
.t court. Hichelieu and Ma.ann
. . .lved tremendous incomes trom
... ;ir privileges, Mazarin leaving by
. .1 nearly Sll',000,000 to the King,
.. ao refused It and let it pass to
Mazarln'g eight nephews and nieces.
Except these three no person up m
the time of the Revolution enjoyed
an Income of 11,000,000, and tne
revenues of Richelieu ana Mazarni
were subject In fact to charges real
ly connected with the state. Mine.
.. Malntenon during the twenty
;3ars of her reign received $14,000,
000, but did not leave enough to pay
her brother's debts.
Most of the royal princesses from
the thirteenth to the fifteenth cen
tury received dowries of only about
$130,000. The daughter of the Pres
ident Jeannin, whose daughter bad
the greatest marriage of Paris in the
latter part of the sixteenth century,
received only $84,000. Among the
nobility similar sums were very rare.
Individual fortunes, M. d'Avencl
says, were accumulated In the mid- .
die ages not by force of the law lut 1
by the law of force; 1 the shifting
of existing wealth, not by the ac
cumulation of new riches. There
was great Inequality of wealth by
reason of privilege. Modern laws
and political systems have changed ,
the processes of accumulation, but
n
or; prevented 'ne inequality result
ing from changed conditions of corn-
in
merfo aud Industry. In making t.ie
poorest class i -day twice as well off
in regard to earnings as their grand
tarn ci-h were, t.me with all its
cnuugps has given to the richest
viass in France the oportunlty by
Ikcir factories .nd banks to become
four or six tlm:j as rich as the rich
est functionaries of the old mon
archy. And yet France is poor in
millionaires and French millionaires
poor in millions compared with our
American princes of trade and prop
erty. Cats to Scar Squirrels.
Three easterners came out to the
toast a year and a half ago looking
for a location, and the result of th
venture was explained recently ay
H. J. Macomber, who arrived at the
St. Francis and registered from Pal
clnes Rancbo.
They have just completed a $2t,-
000 dam a mile long and nearly 10
feet high, and the ..ter for It Is
brought through seven mi'es of
ditches from the Tres .'in" and tne
S-n Benito rivers. But squirrels are
the pest and the menace, ant', a man
with a gun has to guard the dam to
keep squirrels from puncturing it
and starting a break. At the dam
a colony of cats has been placed to
,:LttBO squirrels, and one cf the nen
lias devUed a great number of little
crosses with ribbons from tho arms
and a cross is set at each squirrel
nole so that as the breeze blcws the
ribbons flutter and wh n the squir
rel comes up it ' frightened away
San Francisco Chronicle
You Never 'Do,
Yon never hear of a woman Join
ing the ancient order of anything.
Birmingham Age-Herald.
WOMEN IN TURKEY.
HAVK TAKKJf A I.KADIVO PAllT
IX MXEXT KKVOU TIt)X.
Countess ln Ithonzlnvkn, Ksrnped to
Pnrls from Hnm-i, l.oiul'nit the
Work of Liberty for Iter
Country Women.
Women have taken a great, though
silent, part In the Turkish revolution
which has exacted a constitution
from the Sultan. The most remark
able of the Turkish revolutlonalres
Is the Countess de Hohozlnska,
daughter of the late Noury Bey,
former under secretary of state for
foreign affairs In Turkey, who, rath
er than bear the oppression of
harem life, escaped to Paris and
married a Polish count. She has
since thrown her soul Into the work
of liberty for her country women.
The revolution In Turkey is a fight
for advanced Ideas and higher Ideals.
The marriage laws of Turkey aro
such that women are not held on a
high plane. Monogamy Is gaining
ground and has been for some time,
but the harems still hold aleadlng
place and the Turkish gentleman Is
not credited with having a homo un
til he has married two or more wo
men, usually his slaves. The ex
pense of marrylfcg a woman of rank
owing to numerous wedding fpntivl
tles and presents Is enough to make
the fondest heart waver. The mar
riage of a Blave costs only the pur
chase bey for the woman and for
all that she -may be a high-born ludy.
rtt mm J !J i ilPhw
THE COUNTESS OF ROHOZINSKA.
The dreaded specter of a mother-in-law
never troubles the Turk who has
married a slave, but with all that he
has his troubles with bis many
wives and they are never happy un
less they adopt the oriental fatalism
which leads them to believe that
they have only one life to live and it
matters little how it is spent.
CurinK for Itlrd Cages.
Those who own canaries find them
at this time of the year suffering
from rheumatism, which Is caused by
standing on wet perches. A special
ist in bird diseases says that birds
suffer terribly from the carelessness
of those who clean the cases.
Women will wash out a cage and
neglect to thoroughly dry It. The
perch is left damp, and the bird,
standing on It, at once takes on
rheumatism, which spreads through
the body.
A little Inflammation starts in the
feet, and this is apt to result In a
tiny abscess vJalch is torture to the
bird.
The specialist tells women that the
perches should be scraped and then
rubbod with a dry cloth instead of
being washed each time. If they are
washed they should be dried In the
oven before being put back In the
cage.
Ways to Clean Tun Leather.
The knowledge that tan leather Is
hard to clean at home keeps a grent
many people from wearing it as
much as they should like.
Unless one Is very careful the ef
forts of renovating make It become
dark and streaked In places.
Heavy tan gloves, which are al
most every one's great comfort, can
be kept In good condition by taking
a damp rag and rubbing it over the
surrace. This removes the dirt and
restores the original color.
Yellow shoes, which no girl con
siders herself In the latest style with
out, can be cleaned by putting a few
drops of turpentine on a woolen rag
and rubbing them evenly all over.
When dry polish with a soft brush
and they will look like new.
. Welsh-rabbit Point.
The cheese in a Welsh-rabbit will
I not separate or become stringy if
the following suggestions are observ
ed: The "rabbit" should not be
cooked directly over a flame, as the
Intense heat hardens the albumen In
the cheese; but over hot water, and
the water should not be allowed to
boll. To further Insure success, add.
a pinch of soda, which serves to
counteract the acidity of the cheese.
, This also makes It more digestible.
Easily Prepared Itcllsh.
An easily prepared and good rel
ish for this time of the year Is made
of twelve large cucumbers, six large
onions, three green peppers, one cup
of grated horseradish and half a cup
j Ol salt. Chop all fine and drain in
. a bag over night. In morning add
half a eup of brown sugar, one tea
, spoonful of celery eed and two ta
; blespoonful of white mustard seed.
Oorer with vinegar, mix well and
I Mo Booking Is needed.
A
HE PRAYS Al W
SAYSHIS WIFE
Hewitt So Religious That tho
Auditorium Concert Seems
a Deadly Sin
WIFE COMPLAINS, DENIED MCKEY
8h Tells Court a World of Petty An
noyances and Asks Rolief Says
Husband "Lost Money" While She
Was III.
Denver, Colo. "My h.tsband clnl.n
ed that the concerts at the Auditori
um were Immoral, and drew u.e down
over a chair and prayed for me tnree
times over, and that I jnlght be saved
from my sins and learn to k:io.v ti nt
the so-called pleasures of the world
amount to nothing. He was jealous
of my women friends us well ns my
gentlemen friends, claiming thut it
was a loss of time as well us a Iojs
of money to nurse ue when 1 was
sick nd complaining that he Imd to
pay my hospital bill nt one time when
I paid the most of it out of my private
purse."
These are among the charges made
by Mrs. Anna J. Hewitt of 48 South
Logan avenue against KImer S. He
witt, a cabinetmaker, from whom she
seeks a divorce In tho county court.
She also charges him with extreme
and repeated acts of cruelty, non-support
and general unfitness for a hus
band.
At a time when she became vio
lently 111, she says, her husband com
plained that he was losing money In
staying by her bedside.
At one time she needed a dress so
badly that they Jointly borrowed the
money from her uncle, her husband
agreeing to pay it back In two weeks.
She alleges that to this day the bill
has never been paid, though It was
contracted a long time ugo.
The climax camo when plaintiff al
leges that, being fond of music, she
lnduceu' her husbanu to take her to
the auditorium concert on thut date;
iat after their return ho declared the
concert was immoral, and drew her
down over a chair and prayed for her,
going over the following portion of
the prayer three distinct times:
"Oh, Lord! save us from our gins
and Bhow us that tho so-called pleas
ures of the world amount to nothing!"
Upon this act she drew the line
across their marriage certificate and
declares she will never live with him
again.
8ALTON 8EA JUST A POND.
It Will Dry Up, Jlrector Newell Says,
butNot for Years.
Washington, D. C That the Salton
Sea Is but an accumulation of waste
water in the bottom of a depression
200 or more feet below sen level, is
the statement of F. H. Newell, direc
tor of the reclamation service. Rela
tively to a real sea Mr. Newell adds.
It Is a mere puddle or duck pond In a
vast extent of arid desert which at
one time was the floor for a large
body of fresh water.
"It la not a new thing," says ho,
"but a revival in historic times of
what has probably occurred frequent
ly In geological history."
He says that the wonderful results
attributed to the sea in Increasing
rainfall in the Southwestern States
and Territories Is a case ot placing
the cart before the horse.
Mr. Newell cescrlbes vividly tho
break In the dike ot the Colorado
River, the knifelike cutting of the uew
channel, the organized attack on the
water and the final successful closing
of the break during the year.
"The sea may now evaporate at
from five to seven or more feet annu
ally," he says, "but for many years
It probably will be a mark of interest
to the traveller, and the inhabitants
of the Imperial Valley must live, as do
the people of Holland, with an eye to
protection against this enemy of their
homes."
OBJECTIONS TO PROHIBITION.
Says 8preed of Drug Habit Among
Abstainers is Alarming.
Philadelphia. Dr. Muwt Mnnatsp.
berg of Harvard delivered a lecture
before the Contemuorarv Club of this
olty on "Prohibition," which was an
eiaooratlon of his views recently ex
plotted In a widely discussed icaga
sine article.
His plan Is a camDalKn of educa
tion toward a moderate use of light
wines and beers, which he belle ves tn
be beneficial to the user. He said the
worst feature of prohibition was not
Its destruction of industries, the mak
lng ot hundreds of thousands of work
ers breadless, and the depriving of
millions of a harmless joyful feeling
but that It out a nremlum on viotn.
tlon of the law and created the lone
ly drinker of highly potent beverages
like whiskey. He said:
"I SPeak as a D8Vchothrnntli.
whose experiences cover the whole
country. I say that the spreading ot
eocainlsm and morphlalsm and ruin
ous habits among the abstainers la
alarming. To fight Intemperance by
proamnion means to substitute
evil for another."
Twenty-six Million In Sunday Sohoole.
Chicago. It is estimated that s
000,000 pupils are studying the Inter
national Sunday ' School Leesoa
throughout the worM at the pcsssnt
vme.
WOMAN'S LONG VIGIL JIT LIGHT.
Miss Heoox Has Tended a Paclfld
Coast Beacon for 27 Years.
Miss Laura A. Hecox, who for twenty-seven
years has tended the light
of the Santa Cruz lighthouse, has but
i recently returned to her post fru.u
the last of the tlx vacations she has
taken during that period. Since lbSl
this woman has had absolute charge
of the light, and In all that time it has
never gone out during the night.
Miss Hecox followed her father in
chnrKe of the light. Il u-na n ri tiruft
! clergyman, who took the work ot car
ing for the light when his health
broke down under the stress of his
pnstoral duties. With him went bid
wife and girl, who cared for him us
well as the light.
During the thlrten years her father
was in charge Miss Hecox was prac
tically the real mistress of the light
house. When his death came she ap
plied for and obtained the work. Since
that time she has been steadily ut It,
cleaning, tending and watching the
light that it may be never dimmed.
Then hnr mother died In the o'.d
lighthotiHa and the woman was left
alone with her work. She loves it und
is never aatislltd If she Is uway fum
It for long. Her only recreation Is
an occasional vlsli to her hroilier,
who lives nt Oceanside, and gathering
in sea specimens, a collection of wi.lch
she recently gave to the Santa Liu
library.
Fortunately for Miss Hecox the San
ta Cruz llghthouBe Is not built on a
rockbouna toast, but is bowtiod
among trees. The light Is modern,
of twelve candle-power multiplied by
reflectors to something like (iti5 candle-power.
During the twenty-seven
years it has been tended by .Miss 11
cox no ship haa been wrecked on the
Santa Cruz coast. Los Ang.-ca
Times.
Froved An Alibi.
This happened nt a certain board
ing place one of those whero'a few
refined gentlemen may share an ele
gant home."
The gir! with the dun locks brought
In the soup. When she came to Jen
kins he noticed a long string of sub
stance entirely foreign to the soup it
self. It was a hair. In the dim light
It looked as If it might have been
from the dun head of the waitress.
Jenkins called her attention to tliij,
remarking that the best culinary au
thorities ure agreed that a yip of
cranial capillary substance is not es
sential to the success of a plute of
coiioomme or other liquid nourlsu
incut She didn't follow him fully, but
when she saw him holding up the
yunrter ot a yard or more of hair, ac
cusingly, she spoke up in her own de
fense. "That uiu't mine!" she declared, in
un agrieved tone. "It couldn't bo
mine. Why, I ain't even brushed my
hair since yestiddy!"
Advance of Forestry,
The announcement that the largest
owners of pulp-wood forests In this
country have applied to Chief Plnchot
of the Federal Bureau of Forestry for
advice and aid indicates the advance
which scientific forestatlon has made.
It "also suggests the possible working
out of the problem of State regula
tion of privately owned forests. There
has been question of the constitution
ality of such regulation. But if the
value of forestry can be demonstrated
bo that private owners voluntarily
subject their wooded lauds to the
supervision of the State bureau tho
end will be accomplished. The actlou
of a great paper company in seeking
Mr. Pinchot s services may be follow
ed by other forest owners.
The Prison Tit.
"Something always happens to a
man's shape if he stays in jail long
enough," said a warden, "Sometimes
that change in figure Is due to putting
off or taking on flesh, but I have no
ticed that if a man leaves jail weigh
ing to the very ounce what he weighed
when he came in his clothes don't fit.
No matter what the scales say, a
man's figure seems to swell out hero
nnd Bhriuk away there, to become
elongated or sawed off during impris
onment. The clothes that be wore
Into jail may be first-class as to qual
ity and fit, but when the man gets
ready for freedom they have a regu
lar 'jail' set, and he never can feel
right -till he gets a new suit"
Mixed Destinations.
A man who rarely attends church
wa3 persuaded to go with a friend, a
few Sundays ago. After they had left
the building at the close of the service
the Infrequent worshipper discovered,
to his dismay, that he had dropped
into the collection plate a $10 gold
piece instend of the quarter he had
meant to give.
"Never mind," said his friend, re
usBuringly; "let's go immediately and
speak to the minister. I know hini
very well, and when 1 explain the
situation to him you can have your
ten back without the least question."
"No!" snapped the other, with do
clslon; "we won't do anything of the
kind. I gave the money to the Lord,
and now It can go to the devil!"
Unaooountable Mistake.
11 was quiet in the sleeping car.
Suddenly the passenger In lower
No.i7 parted the curtain, thrust out a
weather-beaten face and hailed tho
sable functionary who was tiptoeing
past
"Say," he grumbled, "whore's tho
plllers for this bunk!"
"There are your pillows, suh." Ba!d
the porter.
"Them things 1" exclaimed the pas
senger. "Smash my topllghts! I
thought them was the life preservers'"
The Kind You Have Always
in use for over 30 years,
wary. 0-c4tcw
Allow
AU Counterfeits, Imitations and "Just-ns-jrnod" aro but
Experiments that trifle with and endanger tho health of
Infants and Children Experience against Experiments
What is CASTORIA
Costorla is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare
goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. If
contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotkv
substance. Its age Is its guarautco. It destroys Worms
and allays Fevcrlshn'ess. It cures Diarrhwa and Wind
Colic. It relieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipation
and Flatulency.' It assimilates the Food, regulates the
Stomach and Dowels, giving healthy and natural sleep
The Children's Panacea The Mother's Friend.
GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYO
Bears the
The KM You Have Always Bought
In Use For
M1 Cf NTAU eoMMMV. TV
BIG OFFER
To All Our Subscribers
The Great
AMERICAN FARMER
Indianapolis, Indiana.
The Leading Agricultural Journal ot the
Nation. Edited by an Able Corps
of Writers.
The American Farmer is th
hshed. It fills a position of its own and has taken the leadinz
place in the homes of rural people in every section of the United
btates. It gives ti:e farmer and his family something to think
about aside from the humdrum of routine duties
Every Issue Contains an Original Poem by SOLON G00DE
WE MAKE THE EXCEPTIONAL OFFER OF
Two for the Price of
The Oldest County Paper and THE American Farmer
BOTH ONE YEAR FOR $I.OO
This unparalleled offer is made to all new subscribers and
all old ones who pay all arrears and renew withTn Srtv davs
Sample copies free. Address : n tanty a&ys'
THE COLUMBIAN,
The Peruna Almanac.
The HrncTfruti .i .j.. t.
supplied with the Peruna almanac
111 auuiuuu 10 ine regu
lar astronomical matter usually fur
nished in almanacs, the articles on
astrology are very attractive to
most people. The mental charac
teristics of each sign are given with
faithful accuracy. A list of lucky
and unlucky days will be furnish
to those who have our almanacs
tree of charge. Address the Pernl
a Co., Columbus, O. 4t.
Many requests from Culuirh mif
ferers who use atonilwm mve chuw.I
u to put up Liquid Ciena, jj,,, '
new anil convenient form of '
Cream IMm, the only remedy for (V
tarrh which can always be iW.uled
on. In power to allay Inilamma lo to
cleanse the closed air-pa, w. '
mote free natural- breathing the two
Traspass Motioeg,
Card signs ' 'No Trespassing" for
sale at this office. They are print'
ed in accordance with the late act
of 1903. Price 5 cents each, tf
Bought and which Las been
has borne tho signature oC
and has been made under his per
sonal supervision since its infancy
no one to decci re you i n th is.
Signature of
Over 30 Years.
MUMM T' IT. HtW VOIW OITV.
nnlv T.itoror, rl ...
One: THE COLUMBIAN
Bloomsbnrg, Pa.
In all the various weaknesses, dis
pacenients, prolapsus, iutlammation
an debilitating cuturihul drains and
iiiall cases of nervousness and debility
JJr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription U
the most elticient remedy that can
siblv be used. It has to its credit bun
amis of thousands of cures more in
tact than any other remedy put up for
sale throuKh druKKlsts, especially for
woman 1, use. The inuredienu of whioh
favorite Prescription" is coiiiK)ed
nave received the most positive t ndorse
!Y t um t,,e,,''liiiK writers on Mate
1U Mediea of all the several i-chools of
practice. All the ingredients are priut
ea in plain hinjlish on the wrapper en
eloMiiiK the bottle, so that any woman
makliiK use of this famous medicine
may know exactly what she is taking
lr. I ierce takes liis patients into his
mil confidence, which he can fiord to
do as the formula after which the "Fa
vorite Prescription" Is made will hear
tl e most cnrxlul examination.
I). Pierce's Pleasant Pellets-are the
lMt and safest laxative for women.
.. . .
Any real boy wou'd rather be
named Hill than Montmorency.
--- .
CASTORIA
For Infant! and Children.
Hie Kind You Have Always Bougbt
Bears th
Signature 0f '