I Alt CP S* I -■"•-!: rcm**. ■■:,■ r l< : .; : ■; j : JJJLIiI ■ j I ® * l> l s j T s will V« charged. |No paper dis-i ,;• .'..{, .7 •.• l -.j» l ' / - .■■ ~ : a J, f-^SSjSgg,:.] VZ *“ lil&u arreli ™*® s ar? •* ttled -',. -—'4—■ »— —■',:’ ' :~::'i:; r: Vol. 4CKN-o. 80. Wednesday.^;? “'"' 1 ', TT" ‘ '••' !•-'•» '"■' ■•' •;■ • ‘-K- i . •• !S^Sa^H^ -5 f ::■;■• , rrv-! rn ft K t ft : -r . v "«* roan^to,wn(o.)R«jUier. ; dejiire or de facto< To *»y : JßMft.il || OK9®--fiSS3B3 QS969_i._„ ilMiimwiimii one dejure. In to admit lb* riSrbl ii* ffigygy HERS AITD THERE- ‘ - which nd : iiM CLEVELAND & PITTSBI'BOH, R.-B. ) Ibtbbb • ■[■'■•. ■ ; .: itle <wO de i» tO ‘ i i ■■;, Dost*»ee th»; brightly flashinglight, : ll*e. Diuon 16 dmnlvwl, tiid^mt l r:t bummer ahranosment. \. room out won ipacioaa k*ll t %i Be.ceding in^toa^(M] Dc*t h»r tlL* tripping f«t tb-night. pliobert and <f1|.41, ( -Atf«iioil.bu Ut | ! by protect their £d«r I | law of nation*, from panishjfcwit tr.s, y - - ■ ■ i-v ■ jO-iO -P rl .j li''"- 3 are Unaer lh ° Act - ° f ■a of March Bth* 1564, which provides 1 f rM Bonds issued under this Act shall be. c «OM TAXATION by or under any T'l municipal autburity.. Subscriptions to are received p United State, I"! “Saliunsl Banks. They-are TO, BE BE ~JlK1) fa ('OXN.nt the pleasure of.the Got- T‘, J auv-period not let*. than ten I normprt ' ’ ~„r ; fk-ri their date, and until their m® per cent. I interest ■ P !™\k' rAjt> IN.COIN, .on Bonds ; of nof Imndred dollar* anpunally and on all a T ,U |iiJ..ids semi annually., The’ interest is on-the fist days of 'March aud Sep- y~'“ ■ • will receive cither Registered Of as they may prefer. . Hegister •vtcorded on the hooks of the . ...i can be transferred only inter. Coupon Bonds are payj r. and arc more convenient for to this loan will have thi option Jir ’ Ponds draw interest from , paying the aocured interest in j :oUed staler notes.j or tl»e, notes ] •ite. riding fifty-per cent; for j ve,•tired th»m,-drawing .interest 1 ' 0 f j">’-:riHisu and deposit.—; s ; ;t)sC ril'ers_ ■ 'll lioUu- eA i»d!ris Jii it-, owner ; kv ■ • ' ,: - ul jitiiiiefciftl tts •Sl>l>»C.-:’nVfS I t Uavuig ,ll SI irch lsi, b; mu — L'V blrtV-tll' rp:i Mt ~rw ihe .N ;.re :aif Mr - .V!Cli>Ax| ORk STATE .‘.fir i.ilia* is-increased form one VXMTUiX. •if. y ■■ 'annum, according to llie' liv.‘ y. , t » -ig.'. *ari,iu? part* of, rke| OltEll ANS OOtOl BY uf Jin outlet of il ojT life county, of |>*?a ■«••*• *> to ,*ade by IJT IM'.ll CE*ST INTEUEST...... oat-cry*. du'tlu! prciul&th?,'bti •• .', I.n-.c} e.-jiini‘canfetii'ehco tti'a '■ • I Yahfsu\i y ,>4 it ■/ »■? ITfA, 1804. ' i eimivtitre investment. ' ! at o„ c Velde’,:. p. mi the fnlpwing descried ‘. ' ... «. ' iiroosftv, bein.: the-real'es 1 ate of George B6e just no Meuno* offer, ; lilc coemi* being uta' to. lenders -hs the vjmbus. numbered cue iiundud and seventy-five ■i V. fj. Jlonds. ■ h all other arol one hundred and sevebly-aix in, the Uo iteduelfeltie-rsiti] or ability of \ rdu*U-ol? Sew Brighton, county of Heaver and i. ■ ■ •' ... ~ Statciof I’emisylVunH, bounded on the norm .ir ttoelv Coin."ttiue tr aep a )„i 174. onilie east by Hivisiou .alley, .n!y is pledged jtor jvtynients uVl[ lt; by. Marker street, an<l on the debts of ilie United States the j west’ by' Water snect, 14.011 which. enid y' ot- the ocutitrv is hdldc-n to 'hit X«l. 17-1, is> erected a Brick' House, twen ,V r 1 ~IN ; tv-uve feet front' on Witter street, by eighteen ay-neat.- of v o.a\ynne. P al and fie , f rODC on M „ ke ’ t strait. with an hd.litiori it*- , f-.j thereto, thirty-eight front on Market sheet by, Ja 111 -.V be subscribed for in sum- eighteen feet, two stories high; said building magnitude.! on the sanie ■ :1:11c room? anti a hall, vrith a cellar j.l.us made equally available Ito : lN'' r ': L<! >f-o a Frame Wash t , , * \* : Hffou-o Sixteen iwet square 1 , and an olu Frame w iiM**r and the largest capitalibl. ; feel square :'jiiVY*ed into money fat any mo?.Tcrms-s —One-vtiuru of % i, , .. L-/.‘jur wiU have the feehelit\>f j on the ttf th ; -i ‘ • . ! balance iu two ant . ” ,LJ . : that date, with •Interest* ,e.,10 state .u t«, -••■—i- pfene.! ■ ’ity WeV 0 f the iun led L>cbt of the United! o;;e'est js payable in gold; : ■ ...’ March,. ISM S'. was S7SS, tbio,- i : li esi on this debt -Ur the com- ; VB oFFKIt TO 1 4 .■year, ending June *>olll IfeOd, has- A -il I i, liii* rate-of pv ! : SEWIT?TGr -M v{ premium qu gold they ; j*.-. cVJ.J; r.u. ti.’lK. 1 !;: v u::r 'I •r xsV! NEM I'Y ■!>■• ! '-' r : V -i" '■■- r MjOll'.-f lilC 5) ip:c-i;'a toi l i'i>-s v or -'j 1 « v.i: -'iH T.i-.i 1 il v--.* \V I- iuriA'ir ‘ v -n ;.-.r u Sit'M! jeen'-that' et[en the present gold ; "nil increased’ eonf.deticje.in its iDentsas.Jhc . the Government arc largely in apd Must Family ... „f il,t wants of tlie Treasure for the ■ * Machine n'mp in use, [■iM.nnt of gold iijurwstj while the recent in- , V. - e-claim lor’ir the following advantages oyer ■ivd-e , .illsai'iffwiU-Uoubtiessraisethenn-.' . : «.y and all.Scwlng'MaoMuesf ‘ ' . ; Far greater vanetv.of wdrk; beauty and ei r,.l ir-s.tj.tr from feuatoms an. same a- i’ceUcnce.of *titeh:*i>)ie«d Mid quietness' of mo of in: i*ortutio)N, I to SIoO.OOO.OUI* per ; tion; simplicity of construction; ease of opera ■ lm 1 . ■- ) tion hud management; elegance of design and ' fii-tviictioii to the National Banks acting r' ll wlll I ■' • ..■tna.c.l. were issued from the United'; Stitch, Bern, Fell. . <ju.U; B.ud, Tuck, •• Ttrasurv until! March 2ti?but J ih thei ■ Watt, Oaf her, i-prd, .Braid; f.i's; iliit*.' ttcOttS ofiApril the Subscriptions' '.lll without any previous bating.. ■ , .-,1 lAori thJn TEN MILLIONS A' *«■ works eiiually .n\ell oh the thinnest or .. v ,.' ‘ thickest, fabrics. from .heavy braver or pilot | r t - > cloth, to the finest cambric. i f ns j j u# HEAVER. FA., ional Bank of | Plttsburghj, Sole Agent for Beaver.bounty. :.onal Bank- Pittsburgh, i -»-» -vt>- - , jjv; ALL MATIOMALISAMK3 'JDI*. P* -13 i JL Oil jig, i •positajcisSof.l’tiblic .money, and j has bc£h (for some time! actini as I \\ . Surgeon m tbe /iriuy, baying returned ,I(LE*BANKS AND BANKERS ! am( again in j] she country, lading as agent of 'SCSIVOIV CoUlfty, 1 Iteposit^r-y Banks,) will lor nisi: w .s,. rs tit. professional swvic.rs to lti«.pubiic. jrination jin application and j j BQi.t'tiioo'ia Blips’ building. [mhlfi'bS \ver.r>j ./vWiT/m to Subicribcn. . 4.— r- _-r_~ —rjrr'rr ~_ -. “ ~ inside im. • , " .j ICE CFE AM S ALOQN . I - ■ rflllE slibscfiAer Us opened, in conncctio*} ; I with his CWNFEGTIOjIARY,. an • ? ■ ICE CREATE ALOOX. ' /jr<ief -of tho'l pe'~Sc«brD' ''in t>e rcVf»:u-.*-> - i;I r 1 Sdfi'ril'ii; 1 First Natj IhiH Nst! • ANLI-15 I:i,'?ECTA : • ■c:'i hltol .'vliw Bl2vlr,Ul- Dividend l3. ATUnk Be.vveb 'CorNTT, \ ' in. the v > i) ; r m ... o i where persons can I be A rim tbU Bank '. of. he public ; I have this day declared .e DIVIDEND OF |; ma.V-Vuo [ RU) K ' WALTER I' d': lUill CENT.. uponitif (iiipilal Sipckvqut. 1 ; /■ - X • ■ 01 j.T.iiVs of th«| last 0. months, payable )y> JtT « jVI to on tf.eir rcwcoenlativcß. : ofrirs .' hi , J>ro/e3,ionai . on 'teui.uuf. ; EU\t AWl>;llOOi &, -.I ‘ . ■ i.; vl.v, 1 , --i , •; Casbiet |B'ilvlA VLh A e " j and solicits a share. of -• Dr. I>. Si’Kinney, OFFERS his 'professional' services to tbe • citizens «f.. 1 BEAVER AXD vicinity. orFK}.s*K ' • ,'■ ;• - j Tjte : Fh.inoon Builtyi'i. 'ff. E' Corner of\ Avlil] • ihc l)i,'inoiid. Uci'ver, Pa. ! !-X EC IMd II^.^OTICE^ ’ ’ --i (1. I VV' JLv having granted to *‘V\-ui;dt>rs.i,riu-d' Ujitjersflcstuthoiitary on the 1 v^i, fe .»t il-v.atiit Ni.Cariser, late W Perry ip. I y/.i.nUtih-i cMuntydeed., a lt : persons \ Cll ■•nip tUe:u.-elvc> indebted: .to said estate j «ve terru“MH .to .made_ immediate payment, I Uh.se having claims against the same wjjU Vueia’piopcrly authenticated for set- Uviuent • - ' ’ * G. S. BANKER. Ex’r., New Brighton.* j4l5'G! _ . .y-<----- ~. -ate of John Ihibrie, dec’cL of lulmiiiietraiionoh the estate of 1 •»«».» Imiirie, late of Big Beaver town "u;'cr <-’ounty..l > «nua. r «lec'd. having f to the undersigned, all' persona ■" ', eu ■- asi'd’ estate-are requested tnjmaks e-a** 4^ 4 - I >a ? ,a ® ,, N. aad those having claims » F - satar hill present them properly for settlement. ' : J? I). 1- IMIIRIE, Bearer, £. S. I.MBUIE, Darlington, Administrators. j«S9 l 6i Beaver Station— Go Commencing, Monday, May 1 leave Beaver Station aefoUowi 7:50 a. h. Arrires »t Fittsb 2:20 i>.‘ it. : “ . . ‘‘ 6;64r. is. “ •• OotNO Traint Uavt PiUtbnrgh at fi 6:10 a. M. Arrive! at 8:50 p. M. 1:10 P.IM. 1:00 a Roches] f' 3. N McCULI F. R. MYERS. Gen' . Tcke PITTSBURO.JFT. -WAYNE, Rochester Station—< _ '-j Leaves Rochesl Ist 5:42 a: 2d Brigli'n v!t“; 6:46 A. 8d BrigU’n 12:83 p. New Castlo “ ” 8:05 p. .Vail; ! 6:15 p. 1 ht. Express,. 1:00 a. 1 2-1 Express, 2:10 P. ?oincii’ti Exp. 6:45 p. j • ' Goinu Was; - Leaves Pitts., Allianee'Aeeom. ii:10 p. Isi Brigh’tiAccom. 9:16 A. ■iii Brigli’n.. “ . 12:00Va. Bd ■ i“1 ; !4:40 p. 4tU ■■ U.-'6;sop. Mail, ; • " s, lr 0:80 a. ; Ist Express, \ ■ 1:00' *. !2d Express, . UlO T. _.! WM. P'. Sill •; x Executors of Goorgul ; Ken’s Hotel, Jdrrir..' - G3 # ADM INI ST A-diTO K’ S NOTICE. LETTERS on the. estate ■of. AummTbo.nu 'Jki.lt, ded'di' Tate of Brighton township, Heaver co.. Having been granted io/the undersigned, nil persons in debted id said estate are requested Ip make immediate payment, mil those agaiuslithe same will present them ! properly aUthenticated.for settlement. 1 t-' J. ;■ ANDREW WATTER3ON, Adm'r., ! ;jc29’6i i Brigctonttp.J | PROF. DAVID GORDON. : 1 I WING devote l a number of, years to |. 1 j supccsssully erring llrni,' Turnon, &c., j from motives of humanity, offers lids profes | sinnal services to thn pnblitrof this county.— : His system is siiuplf —inevitablyl produces; a I cure without producing pain to the patient.— A'l f-ure no Pott office at Clinton, Alle gheny, co., Pa. , • je29’64. ' |i •' AMERICAN GOLD PEN COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS^ of Gold, Pens and Pencil, Cases of crery description, and Role Manufactures of. Ilia • . ! ' ■.Celebrated JVi bbed. ‘. ,}Pen. V A iupplyjust reosiVed and for sale at tbs Jt’tfOJ Mridgeicater Drug Stare. tNQ East. 6,' 1864.-j* JV«m* i argil, 9:80 a. m. 8:60 P. Mi . 8:05 t. U. ollowt: ,7:40 *. ft. .5:20 p. N. . 2:20 p. m: ...2:10 a-.u ,OUGH, Pru't. tf Agent.. jT, ' i CHICAGO B E oisa East. er Arr. at Pills. m 7:20 a. M. M...... 8:20 a. .it, 2:35 p. M. ■M ,’4:50 p.- M 7:00 > A a. M...... 2:20 k'. k. m.„... 3:20 p M ' M 7:50 P. M. Arr. at Rochester. *...... 3:30 P- H- M..... .11:00 A. Mj M 1:32 p.- me. M 6:15 p. j/. M 7:20 p. M, 11. ...... 8:05 A. u. M 2:10 a. M. M........ 2:20 p. M. SX, Suy ~ E. D. RTSALE I he Orphans’ Court rer, the undersign-. Public Vendue, or purchase money 13 sale by the court? i ual payments from thereou from same Court: > : , 3 ' i deceased. 34)..5v✓; HE I'fißUO WILSON’S CHINES OFFI) a*.' ' ling of libit gun; ring shrink ! ■ . dread War baa done; bat cheek? Dosthesr^l Or bear t Dost see the Tho polio te booi Ut dj wort of tl hsbx: ' ! dly ringing'Ungh, Dost hear to , - i And he*rll ‘‘•Let joy be The cup bl ie low them gleeful !uy, uncc nnncd —we.’ll, qokff if joy to-day !” theb>. i ■ . - • ,t; th»» dying grout. . ul strife ? mnded soldier’* mono, ibing life,! j Dost hear, ■ Amid thi Dost hear t -’And. see las ! fe&rf le vroi is ebl BEU. I jntli music (well, • answering | feet ? learning eyes, that tell hiak complete t I TUEEK. [.' I ind artillery’s roai,\ . i ng muslcots'peal t • tld. nil red with gore,: t. Dost hear t With* qui< Dost see th Of,tl Dost hear t ■ With ans Dost see tb Shei for- ie gei kly icy't le lo| iTerii it fiel lie cl LX AND TBXBS. r other in the strife ; itheballjr (Ming his young'life, iomury’sjcall ? - nsr. it bi Dost see tin That sist Dost see hi At his lo' t ir in ed ci heed: Hass of his fate, That sister, dyit with Or of hit la dancing ig groan*,., her giddy mate,, •eher tones And glee \il dr But why should ■ ' Our country bl AVhat if ohKdeai i > - - Should wb our Iwe our joys restrain ? deeds we kuow ; 'real friends are slain, 'joys frrego ? r* j , . Did do; old Ncm, king i t Home, ■ Wlien it ras t trapped in flames, 1 .. • Give samp!! answering to our own? Shall'we not do the samo; • , "‘I 1: ‘ • „ J<ow that ojr . Erected Vy our sires, j j Is.'bout to.I all a sacrifice, * ■ To treasonable fires? | I ‘ Can wo tltp rout tfacdance enjoy, ; .Stand ihicTi *on t? annoys And: kce]i us ill at ease? Wile father, br other,' husband, son, Hare all their joys resigned? . gay, can these scenes ojf mirth go,on, Whije these are incur mind? I i oV mark thl hardships they endure, [: ■ of jour land; [ . Let thjese thy, synlptties secure, l\j Aud thy assisting hand. .. . ■ f " ■ 'ii ■ ' Nor let thy foolish heart be led • T’ iudulj e th sconces so gay; Until our country’s foesjare dead, Or drive i far Jiway.j, j - Younjgstov n, Jan 19, 1863. ( . -r - j- - ■ Sf Judge’iAgnew la the John C. iFlfleld vs the •oe Company of Penh- Opinion i Case of Icaiirai sylvan: Concurffhg i opinions three |of the Associate following is the opihjim Agnkw. J—Thiswise us upon a. marine pi'flic; a vessel ctlfed the |;*'J pt. The Crew of the .Gonilyderate priVa teor “Jeff. Davis" bitarded the '.‘John Welsh” on the lii<rhl sea,,putting Lite cre w [of the latter in four, and taking them off [ They plundered the vessel of pippert)}- bn board, and carried her Savvey;' T}y<s witness, speaking of the affair,suid; . {‘They were' pirates, they nibbed/ine on the high eea*;" ; These aeujbre piracy, either under the laws 7jf/nations, ,or of j Congress.. Two y^jiiestionsl arise—lj |\Vhol.berj the let .tens of marque of, i the ••Jeff; Davis.”, and the natute of the war in which she engaged, divert these acts of their piratical characuiff '2. Whether it 1 was! a caatute within the true imian ! ii,g bf th s term, tU used i R the pols icy. | ■■ ' . The pt hljn history of the country is admit,t.-d— the isecession pt ; the Southern States, theh confederacy, ! organiza •ion-»>f'a government, rebel*, lioii and issuing letters of marque— that, the “. Davis,” sailing under let ters! of marque as |an aimed privateer captured the ‘“Enchantress” after boafdingithe “John Welsh ” and some of her crew; were! tried and convicted of‘piracy for this! act. in. the Circuit Cqtirl of the U. S’, at Philadeljthia, but! not i lehlenced;} the President tak-' ingi them out of civil custody, am} ox chalngln' them as prisoneis of wa'. j To av jid the qualification and ; cirr i cuity. 1 shall use the terms Confeder al e| Gov ■rhihent, jw i thout j admission of j their rightful character.' "• | \Vas the act of ckpture of the John Welsh (ivested jof its piratical char acter by the commission under which! the “Jtlf Dlivis” sailed ? This ques-! hy .iu answer tb arioth i ild the of marque pro ft a : conviction for piracy f A ie to it has been - judicially ren y Justice* Crier and Cad jyala- ] the conviction Iff iho crew ,ofj T)avs«” yibr piracy.. . ?at II tey Wbtflif nbt protect,* unlein tiot. ,5s el-J_wo\ "leci fro res Wins deredb duij in ; thB ‘‘J«l reply, tf latter canjiot be admitted, arfllehOold have rocountenance from thUToourt. The United States are to. all the powers vested the Coiiaiitatioh. It ik to the terms used to government, National or FOdwil.-iti is the nature of-thSjpowers which must determine theirsotioi>|d| character. \ These powers, -whether! exercised by Congress, Iho lHreajdeptJ or the Supreme ,J udiciarjvlire pOH formed in eolidd llirOuglioutthawhole territory lot the United States, withj out regard to State bomtderjca, Ail acts ol the whether mJ biting to frrdgn or domes(i4:affair»| falling within the domoin of, the coni ferred powers, are cha ra eteriaad by unity; und, therefore belong to'A.sfnl gle nationality. J,Without, tion of tbisyjiational unity/ihere can bo no goyenJmetit eel up within the United Stales, ei iher dejureor de irhrfdj, with power.to make war, grant letted 'ofmurquej&c. 'j I ■*. j- The/Constitution takes jitway the slightest, piretext for recession, conf federation, land the exercise »of.any of the war powers} fX l State bun not by itself, or bycoi.federationwijtU other* establish tatiy government with thcsl forbidden powers., , ' 1 ■ .o'* ■ “No State shall enter into anytrea ty, alliance orj contederaiii>u,. gran t leHern of marque and reprisal, coin inuilcy,” ’&c. [ : “No State shall, withoutfflipconsent of Congress, lay any duly on tonnage, keep iroopj* ot. ships of wariiy time of peace, enter into: any a'grwjjrehl olr, compact with ainoiller Statejor with b. foreign power. Jor engage IpsWarl un- i je"9 -when act i d vnded.opnjKuclij imminent danger aswill nocadati t of delay." Sec?!!}, Art 1. • / % : i'V.U' I bold, therefotn,. that sercsfcjorf and" confederation are nuihlie.R’fend;Heart ily view of' ouraffairs) that fe the de facto pretensions otfoeCqWeil eratc Staten as *o tfae HCT^lnbMiii! K <>ih dt jitre}'and de ado, ovehnShb'jhfc ceded territory, its, run. , ; p dertd tempoiarily suspended in certain ufs tricts, -baft; its actual existence’ contin ued 1 everywhere within its rightful" jurisdiction, and therefore r.ecessardjy excluding, within,the same limits; all other sovereignties. | ;. i z'. I ; ' And in. I view of thefaclirdf public history, j mosteinphiiticallyMleny that secession has accomplished“rovo u li'dnj” that confCdcrathtn has acquired “the position of an independent pow ef de facto," or th'al/|the Cpnstituljon and Union are/abroguted so farja" they (the sepddingj States) are cun | corned," leayfugthein “under the igws. •of war apiefbf nations Alone.” J i State/ 7 conventions, oidipances j, ofi | secession, confederation' of States, -or . Przat ion of a form, of government, -ibe taking up of 'arms against, 4 the itedsi States, do pot abrogate the [Constitution, or work actual dissolu j lion of the Union. fSuc.h acts 1 are rev- I olulionary ip their it ml tuny but do not constitute successful revolution. or| ac complish de. facto independence. -They j 1 have produced insjuf rectiort and iqijvlLj | conslilulioiial'nieiihs of sap- j ' prossltin and redress, hut luce no* slisr] placed: the Federal! jurisdiction}'. ,(Rd sisianife of authority suspends for a period the exercise of'governmental htunctiqns. but the [constant .and jpro- I gressiye use of, suppression forbids'life (idea of the deslruction ofgovernmen- I uil authority. llbo restoration has b<*en IprbgreSsing J successfully, until ( now, the Federal jurisdiction is 'teas | hciLed within' largo-tracts 11 ir. o 'ory - [State Jvvithi'h llm ierritofy of thn at tempted Confederacy., ’ . 1 , A bjitraclly from other facts) if .wjould bo trite, that & geivornmopt in the ac tual exercise of sovereignty over a. 1 - I people and a territory as large as the original thirteen Slates, and under a j written; Constitution, exercising the j war polwef as| well ad civil functions,' would have a status, pot [less llian -a 1 government ■ de facto, But the appli*. cation of this test to the Confederate Government, | omits these essential features—that the territory, though j so largo, is but a part pf the entire.! territory ot one nation; and that the j population, thought so 'numerous, . is, out a portion df<>t»« people; that their. Constitution is but acotnpaot ql Slates; disqualified ironi confederation} and j overfidilcn by a, higher Constitiuior; thal'thelmstard progeny of this void com pact is not ip thd.eXefcise of ex. cinaive sovereignty over this fraction of tile;territory and peqploof the’na tion; and that the true government is still supreme, de jure and de facto, ex orcising its spreroignly withih the en tire! dirclb of the (confederacy, occu pying important .portions, and conr muiiding positions, in the territory of evety State , >- , ,! T,h« true.idea of a de facto govern mept i*, that if in fact represent* a people or nation iui such. It may be a usuipation; bail it, and not another, actually ex ex cises the authqrity of the nation. . A rebellion or attempt j*f ; (• • . - ]- <' ' • ■ ! . o.”h />••!?.••» ;i/ ,: ; . : LvJ ; .jV| NOTICE TO ADVE[?TIBEI«.; ; >Li ! ’’’ ’ -,'ji *f : :•■ ,:.'i • '; ’’W m' i i , |‘| | r;' .-■ -|t' •" W «wt». A lil3eW di»o.ount ni*de U j%*ily 5 M.--'"’ "'-JX. "!f” '., * ‘B- - ; '. ft*. ’ ” IJ., .; Jr ■-■ I'.-' |’; I'i'ipicw’equilicP wnT«' l • “'<!* .. j.“; •/] •_, j" ; notice* 25 jfcr ecn 1 addition to '>;^j: : V-;i Vyy .-■• ;f; j. : < • V:> ; .yi-.' , -r' : ir-' ' f -- •': • J, **‘. , ‘..*‘l -.— •- » ■ ’ ' j— .'... i— ..! ~,.1.r;:.- Buiihei* cards, 76 ; cant* ft line. p«P y«4f. 1 *• ! ,y ; i".: V: ‘-_J :J. I-:,:. I Miirwgea aad Destbs, Beiigiou*, Political ;’--' :, vK •' - rwolsdon portion ofak people. | leafing :ta.e jirb® govariirnentatill in 4Hie, mt3tife and tacbetafot in useriini;. iUaatfaurity; doea not'eoniditnteja de, UKto rfnvernmaitt; for tbe rearan: that it. oo «eo*o repre*enu* a nation, 01 , It i focki di«ttnotn«M andcompletenes* of aepa-J | ration. The body ofman wboaet nj>,i | tho Confederate Government are not 1 theproperaenae complete »<■ pa ration. vCaojr-ara ai combinauonof ,|osr(>ona, tat f«ai«ia-no' authority Mndefacto \ jpnirntanii,. whoae commitMibnia will I -point U not vibat the affecta lobe, U,4 Mof gorarament, the fact remain*; itia not, Im the exerci*# of excJuaiye sovereign tyj lt (l«m not, represent a Icliaiihfet, separate, independent nationality Tfie quoaiion iar—What in the value of ■thiscombination ? This is the very nvbt 'of tba diHeasiiion; tl»e inquiry p , —-i - beiuffi existdin tbe l«itcri»jg£ to protect. ■ j Becewgu beats no resemblance to iho AmoHcqn revolution. Then tbe eolonie* were actually and, territorial ly "I‘iJuraled, from' the mother coun try; bad deduced independence, and net up a -government wlfieh' in fact represented tbe entire people, and ex* lb ‘ ' * ~ et creed their’iialional authority. Then there was distinctness, separateness, exercise ofbxclu/ive sovereignty, actual ouster of the legitimate gov criiment.' Secession has none of.these. In the former case there v?a« a deJacto government; in the latter thet« is r,ot. 1 But nave the political of our governmentconceded a detdeto status to the Confederate' Govern* ment 7 Here I must pause id notii-e .the fallacy, of liny argumenlwhich, presenting a single alternative be tWepr. the Federal sover eigDty.'and ja substitution of Confed erate Sovereignty, by nieana ot rev olution aiidj dissolution, .and, alleging as a fact,-the admission • of the latter; by the political department* of flic biingsas the proof the alleged concession erttU. rights. ! , / . Tbr yielding: of certain temporary benefits to rebels in arms, to modcr* ale the rigors! of war—acondtion pro duced by (he violence of force—difs fern essentially [from the concession of ade facio governmental status lo the ■ i.cb'd*;, themselves— -a > concession de- i manding, according to , tfia presented al'crrmttref, dn admission. of eover v TheVobsi Itntiotr t»f the tx* r '* iiinwiw liwui, iUor<*r<ir Q. ir revolution which •dissclvedtf>o«‘W-d ipji,” [leads t? -error. ! Belligei;ent rights arise frqrn a state of war,’and notpecessarily from auygoyeyniueh tal status. , Ciyil war may exist With out separation,! or distinct sovereign ly.: It bodies! between i members of; the, same Slate; and the government, opposed in its own domain, drips not concede successful revolution or *epar» ale sovereignty.by according belliger ent rights to the rebels | A- stato| ol civil war undoubtedly exists, and a corresponding necessity; to| treat .the rebels according to-the ti sages of civ ilized warlarej but it does not’ follow I that thiA is aiconeessionjof it. Me facto status to the govern merit under which the rebels, prosec ute' their rebellion The Federal Govern men 1,-. on thu con trary has uniformly and presi-tcrilly denied, it. Excepting [the exchange of [prisoners,jinia the application of tbojlaw qf prize to Federal captures ! pf vessels violating theiblockil fe, jriot j ! a sillitury governmental act lias been j I pointed. ti>, as 'p recognition ,of ; tlicl 1 Codfederaio status; and these, it will,] ■bo shown fail of the pnrposb aimed j '■at.! : . , ' • : "i ! I ! I have'exanined all :of tht proela minions of the President,’ beginning ! with 1 that of the both; rif'April.i 186.1, and all the principal laws’iif bongfess, and liuveriot found a| single execn j live or legislative act. wliiph [concodesl a governmental status to the.’Ocnfeds efacy. Tito 'whole ’ rogndi qf legfsla lioh lias been aimed if ‘iWtljpfesrt in-1 sur ruction’—4 l ‘pUni.-di treason a ini re boAimi’i—"sdizo ; jtnd rJconesC'ito the j property ,ol rebels ’. and "prevent cor j respondent's with rebels - ’ : The oiily | ael of Congress in which 1 nave no-j tic id any mention of the Confederate , Gojverlifneut'.is that. ,- fq present cor re.-pondencu With rebels;” which terms j it “the present pretended gov- j eminent.’’ ‘ f -* v - '1 , What is it to tell us, that the crew I of the I‘J jff. Davis” were exchanged j as of Wari when all the | proclamations ;of the President, all his orders.. and the Very, war he is waging to subdue ihoirebels. leach ua. that he'has riot lordan instant, apr{ knowledged their power; When all the enactments’ of Congress have aimed | at continued | over their /hfrsons, property aridterntory. When and in what way has any de partment of our government conced ed u. the Confederacy a position. ou|.- sidin o!f the 1 Constitution aWvlf«»'»f»| and the possession' of J the actual. goyj ernir.g power wUhiusiiny part pf the territory of iheDniojn? If we haye exchanged prisoners’ it was put tbri exercise of humanity |to loyal mnd hut ft ft eoiiwwion to a separate |o»Ue to a -«»g v. ....... koTontmoiit. If [weihftve blockaded .by privateers; aiid;it matters n<>t ?h«ir horta and ftDPticd tbelaw pf whether the vpft-el rhq. carriadlnto h L P? Federal tap«orei%V '>n6 a* a pnaej | neutral*' • | . * j 14 it tiioi the rebels levy Wap, which confer* this status? War neither ihe Constitution, nor dissolves th - Uriicja.. But war | levied, must be |tnet by war. This, j'.war must be .governed by civilised usages. and where neutrals may be | affeCietl moat be conducted ao aa go I prcaerye their right*, and maintain t our peace with. other nations, jAn .exchange oi priabnera grow* out'of a stale of war, and its effect aa an act, can n«e up higher than its tirodutfing eauae. If war, the i cabae.fdoos not, i/ao facto confer I, the assumed, status, | dearly exchange, the j mere k ' Cense* iquence. cmnnot. j ,j i' f - ! <:War brings with it i ihe( necessity I for using the means iof muhiiig itef' fective. A blockade of the ports in territory: as Struct of war,’ is no' more jflitin 'the of -a ciiy.. Eucli i» iiiieiided to destroy the: power of the insurgents to carry bn liieirwar, i As to thb yeheia,; it;is but a means 6t making war. ef restive to auhdao then.; It U’no con cession *j.i our purl, of an outside, status, or jot an abrogated L’pnatitU lion. . If, tlierofore,-we: cbose to up-, ply the low of prize toour own cap | lurcs/ind thus escape collisions with olhijr nations, it! is bat jan aiitypollat-j oruhto l tbp blockade, as a means of j warfare. |\Vo restrict ourselves so i: .s to Oon 'lit to b< governed bv /Wim. .seiu - jo governs >y thelaw of; nations as to neutrals, but uo to ibo rebels: we do not elevate ibis j means,of Warfare into a concession'of their separate stallis;. 1 ‘ ‘ , The Supremo Court , of the United States, in prize case*, decided no more than this,that being engaged in a war with rebo|a, “the President had a right jure belli tb : institute tlm block ude ol ports in possession of States'in; rebellion, Which neutrdis arc -■ to regard.''. There! if iio intimation indbc opinion of an j‘‘abrogated Cojiafcrtu-i lion,” or Wn outside status. Had this question beenJ before’ the ’ court, I doubt (idtjljUbljce Grier, who deliver ed ’the opinibn, would have 1 adhered to his own judgment in the eas’C'ol those pirates. iHis langugc is, worthy of j .reproduction, for jits-, clear and tciWe btatemeiit of tbo whole qqesr iioin. “Every j government is bound byj the law of hell' preservation to suppress, insurrectionSj-aiid the fact that the uuinbCrand power o|f t’lie in- surgents may bo so' groat as to' carrji" insurers, for. the.'<)r<btjnry|proii>iurtv ot g on: a.civil war agHUi.'.l tlteir legitimaui policy, toj against a i. bovereighj will not onlillo them to L»ti capture qf-thia kitwl, .. considered-a, state: . The fact -that a. troni a oiipluro/uro us any fealu.ro civil wah exists for-I the pin pose 6’i except the want pi j||-«jlocu<.>h In’ the suppressing a I rebellion, is conclusive le’.ters ot innrquq.- hncy might bo evidence! that th.o Government of 1 the Wiling to lirshrsjMWjWjo 5 • U oiled States ret uses tonckno w ledge in q’aoe-t ’nr:iuuhpup;|! gum-, in*-... p tttfiir right -considered suchported by any kind pf govuimmeiih . »nd.wl by-lie |, r f|i« no other'light! than andarhfombui of prtvay f country; and those Who assume,;-by their authority, & right to plunder ab-uco . f !.“ !I; s^ that 1 ,l,= propcrtyl ul ** high seas, as pirates and robbcts. , . ■ ;. 1 .; j1 .^ !e ‘ s . ami assail- -. p ;This is soh.id | and patfiotic lap* ] jMview. ot ,heex- . guage; and vfhile, 1 ■ comprehend the »k-Muv £ V^| o ' JL'-clear- tbit the necessity grojxvnig out of the esigti}- I bc-WW \vjV: aligned.-,to.'l.nsuro , cy of a civil war,[compelling the g»V:. P; Y { then uiiliuoivn.great and ernmont to suspend ora lime Ihe ex ag-irnM in »■ ««- ..Jt , », erciso of* its powers to punish rebels i imminent pei.d. I- , ........ hnd pirates? I cannot cohCtdve by i This view js streigUmued by ; : the what p.ocesK underlthe.ConslitUiiop. | nature,of theodicy as a dither the President or Congress cun; j instrument, -4tf.js.n4t,a P«*. dletore accou.plishertyeVolutipiixliatige | culiar’ to qUTselvgß, qjU , the status ot tebels as a portion of the 1 more likely to cO/'<h‘ijn u - ‘|, s J' l '£ g ieople Jtvlcn the treaty-making jto tbe p.rat.cal cha#icr of the cap- ... power confers so such authority. It Lion as vieweduedekout *.» JU J. regir Is • tbriign relations | «tly, notfis Ia - worfd wide : | n*Jl' « e ‘ the States oft the Union, whfch lie of.|he ot all c| dor ■' the' express pohibitioils of the cd eountnes.-ui it? tam* .m >Jtp- . . Constituting i 1 j. 1 , lion conformingvathfr to genoralAbun , • I'The clem sbey of [President. pttruento ■ ; i which relieved these*pirates 1 from pen- . \vi,it‘ r would au.&lglish copri. think ishment, did not reach back to t,hp* r . 0 f dt i Unqucsuoiiiildy folio,\vin<{ the crime, and convert piracy intoprivg uut i o ti bt illicit dvyu govern niout in its leering jure iMli. Yet this i* the very'l-recognition of the r |bcis- :.s oeiliger- ; point ol the reasoning whh-li pnts ihe; uul(j st y wou u tij--ps|>tiboiic«d.’a ;{iap« case Upon a capturei/nre biltf.-- If An English i<’*urt would pot are privateersmen, and -their, capni.ro., i tu ',iertukc..t<» nboh tho of • jure bilHs tlwsjy aro prutocioti from t^ ,e . j | lo Souibt*rD tVii'-lcr ibu Feu- , ! piinishnielit of pirates bVjfhe lettersj erul aiid laws, and to . of marque; and the capture ot the j pronounce the act j. fracy uiidev Uiem; “John vVelsh” needs; only a decree in ‘ uill wort |j ly to the hag and admiralty to transfer Lhelpt pperty as a to , nfili ssion ',ol the, alleged pidv-gteOr, - lawful prize of war.j The prize cases and .fhc atlUadc! of fthe C.mtc-fbfatcs ; adjudicating the lawfulness of Federal aa dzudby Great Brilnip. At* captures, db not for .aiMijfttont: sane, udgiV.cnl Would ou rendered, ■lion or.conc*t(llo the aiu • acci j|.jj‘ u \ to ililc 6t ijihofity of qobol prize confj*. • a ut’liie mvie by ai uimiod piivatepiy The sarpbWrguroent winch redeems d gf'a^ou^n»sstori!and.flag r J*f*d«w«t* [rebel piiviiteering from piracy,-' w ’*Vljt,.V 4 gefievai'.p«hVi| purpose, end,not I protect its military on land Jrom,^'the a ,„' o f .a T frel|bdoU\r ;1 on {imputation of robbery, iiyurder and , r . ilur p Fe taVioo aceofdS wifli the mead- > treason. 1 ? secossiou beajisiinyon and . j bubpose the framoKof fhe ppli-. . revolution, and-if llhey cimfer.uiion , a j; to the Win the Confederate,Slates thoughts,qf a a s uliHire ||y pariies proseent de/rtrfo govi-rrnneiit, leaving them'pn- byjimi ftlm.edr;jiubUc .fifrey ; der of war and ; uf 'nations it be law fit I qp.ftniaWiuljj^nd alone, their authority under ihesc luws wllut | ieF jLtijied brnol as a,nmct wilfpiolect Ihotly in as *.o sul Af- r i*»bliul -warl iiniler-the law. 01, hte* acts done MWK ~ I" ir\iio U “: V |-Vf .I-; !i > gument lyjnch; rescues pirates, VJ, ■Massachiisckts case oh Dale et . : converting their piratical .acts into »j \ s -* i . w lns. Co, which! Capturej«/e4<:W<, asserts nothing less. *V* j ’.Troo 'sheet's, is' ail 1 au than thatyt-peason bn land protects '[ hoi . il ; i | ;4d jA; aid decides the qiies-- piracy jat sea. ’ > tldn -ivlttoW vh this .u.toriM-cila'tion |ot ‘ The Iseconcf question is,, whether ‘ ! 1 the loss off the -John ViTelsh” was by the tyl J J «fftrininWt’’e topture wiuiin the meaning of thenpro- 1 R^y£5 u -“i yiso in Hie The; exception jndginen^uvthe [reads thusWroVided also. ■ that the that-the<n- mo. pW-ty I con.panv Phalli not he liable for any iutenJed • a case •. [ claim! f.»V Jr loss by seizure, in the ndtu|e of |u act [or dethhtion, or the consequences ot not on. the, g'4 a !‘P tho "; ' iany a tie nipt thereat." f : itself was an act j[«re fcittt. , . Capfuri is nlterm especially appli- Befqfe.closing, it \ble t» taking by i«eti.:dA.war or that these views ( were wriden-jpitqr i The insurer* ifthey y-_, Warrant a^P er iloftlia 0 ftlia ilea, and the Hama lorcoJßnoulU be giv- : on tb the term nVed'an ail iexi 1 ceplipni, .It is not t/» besuppoaed that it word'ofdeti nile sh;up payon, wbep / , itnedina commercial inatrnipent tp create liability* wouidflbe u,*ed id % difforenl Honso as an eiloaptipa in the sarae species ofcontracli i ■' ’» | Although commission of the ' “Jdff OavU” »»f?}eP|.af ; hfch^jbpV'sailed; cknnol. be used- to 1 ’ characterise ;tb« capture as an act jure bmU, yet, it ’CON taitily .inay be u«ed!,ip, ]|ive character to the act as d capture ymhin the true intenti»f the polity. venae! WaV 1 hot a frec»booier, |n qaest <if gain by indiscriminate pillage, ,|u t acted linjcleit a Comtui«sion lo’capl uip reason; of the United States onie, as|'.*pemios;- and the declarations, oil at the time of thoj capture accorded therewith'., '•( ' I'' ■ ■, ‘; '| ; ■ ■ A pirate,: accordinn iotiio. m(jHt apt ' - i i: - ,eea 'bb< |e : proved definitions,-isa&ea robbetjoue who robs on the bigli |BC£.s, irrespeo* live of country'orl conditions—aiiinV; discriminate plnu,iferc||tor of y gain, iloiice he ft c|llod hostia \ hu~ tnani generis. .In this case the object ; was. not plunder, hut flapturcFand do- 4 struction ut the property of persons ro-. partied as enemies. | ~ 'l hied the act,“hut ' rime intent \Ve look ujioo liiosi % ai rej?d(j and cur li.wb,but they re garded themselves as t ncmies only.— , They considered tlicrnl elves a part of an authorized forde o| a government at .war with us; and there, bore" Its • commission,Jeari-iijd ip, flag, and made , war upon us alone. The.war in which they lock.a pait, was one of- r . terrible earnestness a( d gigantic pro.- i. port ions, . The power of the, rebels,,, had compelled our tro 'ot'nment to re- : gard. it as a.civil Iwaj; and to concede! , •to thetn certain be|iiig'rent tights. lu| , every-, sense, therefore: affecting indU, vidual iiilotebfs. in' LhU power to.sieze . , and destroy .private proper ty; and the ~ ip tent tb'exoi’i ,llii£poivdr to carrjton ■'] their witr arid inci|eas| their o'ifrh sue-, - csiSs, these wa|c to he viewed as u part of navai tonfe; ah<f their.act as a capture,ot war. i. 1 This is a pe,ii£e J policy issued bo* fore scc'Cssion undltlHijl .tear- It is not;, supposed it. wusltKe jfiienuon, of;the hearing another ppinibn.- r*jad. , a revision of that opinion, I omitppr-' Vi6tta.br my two,and so much as I n6W i read! I leave as an answer to any ar •riinirnt .which ptight be offered lh ■aup^cct ; «f. vie**.;;; ■, ; ll= r' -1 :• $• |v, 1" E
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