I Alt CP S* I -■"•-!:
rcm**. ■■:,■ r l< :
.; : ■; j : JJJLIiI ■ j I
® * l> l s j T s will V« charged. |No paper dis-i ,;• .'..{, .7 •.• l -.j» l ' / - .■■ ~ : a J, f-^SSjSgg,:.]
VZ *“ lil&u arreli ™*® s ar? •* ttled -',. -—'4—■ »— —■',:’ ' :~::'i:; r:
Vol. 4CKN-o. 80. Wednesday.^;?
“'"' 1 ', TT" ‘ '••' !•-'•» '"■' ■•' •;■ • ‘-K- i . •• !S^Sa^H^ -5 f ::■;■• ,
rrv-! rn ft K t ft : -r . v
"«* roan^to,wn(o.)R«jUier. ; dejiire or de facto< To *»y : JßMft.il ||
OK9®--fiSS3B3 QS969_i._„ ilMiimwiimii one dejure. In to admit lb* riSrbl ii*
ffigygy HERS AITD THERE- ‘ - which nd : iiM
CLEVELAND & PITTSBI'BOH, R.-B. ) Ibtbbb • ■[■'■•. ■ ; .: itle <wO de i» tO
‘ i i ■■;, Dost*»ee th»; brightly flashinglight, : ll*e. Diuon 16 dmnlvwl, tiid^mt l r:t
bummer ahranosment. \. room out won ipacioaa k*ll t %i Be.ceding in^toa^(M]
Dc*t h»r tlL* tripping f«t tb-night. pliobert and <f1|.41, (
-Atf«iioil.bu Ut | ! by protect their £d«r
I | law of nation*, from panishjfcwit
tr.s, y - - ■ ■ i-v ■
jO-iO -P
rl .j li''"- 3 are Unaer lh ° Act - ° f
■a of March Bth* 1564, which provides 1
f rM Bonds issued under this Act shall be.
c «OM TAXATION by or under any
T'l municipal autburity.. Subscriptions to
are received p United State,
I"! “Saliunsl Banks. They-are TO, BE BE
~JlK1) fa ('OXN.nt the pleasure of.the Got-
T‘, J auv-period not let*. than ten I normprt
' ’ ~„r ; fk-ri their date, and until their
m® per cent. I interest
■ P !™\k' rAjt> IN.COIN, .on Bonds ; of nof
Imndred dollar* anpunally and on all
a T ,U |iiJ..ids semi annually., The’ interest is
on-the fist days of 'March aud Sep-
y~'“ ■
• will receive cither Registered Of
as they may prefer. . Hegister
•vtcorded on the hooks of the
. ...i can be transferred only
inter. Coupon Bonds are payj
r. and arc more convenient for
to this loan will have thi option
Jir ’ Ponds draw interest from ,
paying the aocured interest in j
:oUed staler notes.j or tl»e, notes ]
•ite. riding fifty-per cent; for j
ve,•tired th»m,-drawing .interest 1 '
0 f j">’-:riHisu and deposit.—;
s ; ;t)sC ril'ers_
■ 'll lioUu-
eA i»d!ris
Jii it-, owner ;
kv ■ • ' ,: - ul
jitiiiiefciftl tts
•Sl>l>»C.-:’nVfS
I t Uavuig ,ll
SI irch lsi, b;
mu —
L'V blrtV-tll'
rp:i Mt
~rw ihe
.N ;.re
:aif Mr - .V!Cli>Ax| ORk STATE
.‘.fir i.ilia* is-increased form one
VXMTUiX.
•if. y ■■ 'annum, according to llie'
liv.‘ y.
, t » -ig.'. *ari,iu? part* of, rke| OltEll ANS OOtOl
BY uf Jin outlet of il
ojT life county, of |>*?a
■«••*• *> to ,*ade by
IJT IM'.ll CE*ST INTEUEST...... oat-cry*. du'tlu! prciul&th?,'bti ••
.', I.n-.c} e.-jiini‘canfetii'ehco tti'a '■ • I Yahfsu\i y ,>4 it ■/ »■? ITfA, 1804. ' i
eimivtitre investment. ' ! at o„ c Velde’,:. p. mi the fnlpwing descried
‘. ' ... «. ' iiroosftv, bein.: the-real'es 1 ate of George B6e
just no Meuno* offer, ; lilc coemi* being
uta' to. lenders -hs the vjmbus. numbered cue iiundud and seventy-five
■i V. fj. Jlonds. ■ h all other arol one hundred and sevebly-aix in, the Uo
iteduelfeltie-rsiti] or ability of \ rdu*U-ol? Sew Brighton, county of Heaver and
i. ■ ■ •' ... ~ Statciof I’emisylVunH, bounded on the norm
.ir ttoelv Coin."ttiue tr aep a )„i 174. onilie east by Hivisiou .alley,
.n!y is pledged jtor jvtynients uVl[ lt; by. Marker street, an<l on the
debts of ilie United States the j west’ by' Water snect, 14.011 which. enid
y' ot- the ocutitrv is hdldc-n to 'hit X«l. 17-1, is> erected a Brick' House, twen
,V r 1 ~IN ; tv-uve feet front' on Witter street, by eighteen
ay-neat.- of v o.a\ynne. P al and fie , f rODC on M „ ke ’ t strait. with an hd.litiori
it*- , f-.j thereto, thirty-eight front on Market sheet by,
Ja 111 -.V be subscribed for in sum- eighteen feet, two stories high; said building
magnitude.! on the sanie ■ :1:11c room? anti a hall, vrith a cellar
j.l.us made equally available Ito : lN'' r ': L<! >f-o a Frame Wash
t , , * \* : Hffou-o Sixteen iwet square 1 , and an olu Frame
w iiM**r and the largest capitalibl. ; feel square
:'jiiVY*ed into money fat any mo?.Tcrms-s —One-vtiuru of % i,
, .. L-/.‘jur wiU have the feehelit\>f j on the ttf th
; -i ‘ • . ! balance iu two ant
. ” ,LJ . : that date, with •Interest*
,e.,10 state .u t«, -••■—i- pfene.! ■ ’ity WeV 0 f the
iun led L>cbt of the United!
o;;e'est js payable in gold; :
■ ...’ March,. ISM S'. was S7SS, tbio,- i
: li esi on this debt -Ur the com- ; VB oFFKIt TO
1 4
.■year, ending June *>olll IfeOd, has- A -il I
i, liii* rate-of pv ! : SEWIT?TGr -M
v{ premium qu gold they
; j*.-.
cVJ.J; r.u.
ti.’lK. 1 !;: v
u::r
'I
•r
xsV!
NEM
I'Y ■!>■• ! '-' r
: V -i" '■■- r
MjOll'.-f lilC 5)
ip:c-i;'a toi
l i'i>-s v or -'j
1 «
v.i: -'iH
T.i-.i
1 il
v--.* \V
I-
iuriA'ir
‘ v -n ;.-.r u
Sit'M!
jeen'-that' et[en the present gold ; "nil increased’ eonf.deticje.in its iDentsas.Jhc
. the Government arc largely in apd Must Family
... „f il,t wants of tlie Treasure for the ■ * Machine n'mp in use,
[■iM.nnt of gold iijurwstj while the recent in- , V. - e-claim lor’ir the following advantages oyer
■ivd-e , .illsai'iffwiU-Uoubtiessraisethenn-.' . : «.y and all.Scwlng'MaoMuesf ‘
' . ; Far greater vanetv.of wdrk; beauty and ei
r,.l ir-s.tj.tr from feuatoms an. same a- i’ceUcnce.of *titeh:*i>)ie«d Mid quietness' of mo
of in: i*ortutio)N, I to SIoO.OOO.OUI* per ; tion; simplicity of construction; ease of opera ■
lm 1 . ■- ) tion hud management; elegance of design and
' fii-tviictioii to the National Banks acting r' ll wlll I ■' •
..■tna.c.l. were issued from the United'; Stitch, Bern, Fell. . <ju.U; B.ud, Tuck,
•• Ttrasurv until! March 2ti?but J ih thei ■ Watt, Oaf her, i-prd, .Braid;
f.i's; iliit*.' ttcOttS ofiApril the Subscriptions' '.lll without any previous bating..
■ , .-,1 lAori thJn TEN MILLIONS A' *«■ works eiiually .n\ell oh the thinnest or
.. v ,.' ‘ thickest, fabrics. from .heavy braver or pilot
| r t - > cloth, to the finest cambric. i
f ns j j u# HEAVER. FA.,
ional Bank of | Plttsburghj, Sole Agent for Beaver.bounty.
:.onal Bank- Pittsburgh, i -»-» -vt>- - ,
jjv; ALL MATIOMALISAMK3 'JDI*. P* -13 i JL Oil jig,
i •positajcisSof.l’tiblic .money, and j has bc£h (for some time! actini as
I \\ . Surgeon m tbe /iriuy, baying returned
,I(LE*BANKS AND BANKERS ! am( again in j]
she country, lading as agent of 'SCSIVOIV CoUlfty,
1 Iteposit^r-y Banks,) will lor nisi: w .s,. rs tit. professional swvic.rs to lti«.pubiic.
jrination jin application and j j BQi.t'tiioo'ia Blips’ building. [mhlfi'bS
\ver.r>j ./vWiT/m to Subicribcn. . 4.— r- _-r_~ —rjrr'rr ~_ -. “ ~
inside im. • , " .j ICE CFE AM S ALOQN .
I - ■ rflllE slibscfiAer Us opened, in conncctio*}
; I with his CWNFEGTIOjIARY,. an • ?
■ ICE CREATE ALOOX.
' /jr<ief -of tho'l
pe'~Sc«brD'
''in t>e
rcVf»:u-.*-> - i;I
r 1
Sdfi'ril'ii; 1
First Natj
IhiH Nst!
• ANLI-15
I:i,'?ECTA
: •
■c:'i
hltol
.'vliw
Bl2vlr,Ul-
Dividend l3.
ATUnk Be.vveb 'CorNTT, \ ' in. the
v > i) ; r m ... o i where persons can I be A
rim tbU Bank '. of. he public ;
I have this day declared .e DIVIDEND OF |; ma.V-Vuo [ RU) K ' WALTER
I' d': lUill CENT.. uponitif (iiipilal Sipckvqut. 1 ; /■ - X • ■
01 j.T.iiVs of th«| last 0. months, payable )y> JtT « jVI
to on tf.eir rcwcoenlativcß. : ofrirs .' hi , J>ro/e3,ionai .
on 'teui.uuf. ; EU\t AWl>;llOOi &, -.I ‘ .
■ i.; vl.v, 1 , --i , •; Casbiet |B'ilvlA VLh A e
" j and solicits a share. of
-• Dr. I>. Si’Kinney,
OFFERS his 'professional' services to tbe
• citizens «f.. 1
BEAVER AXD vicinity.
orFK}.s*K ' • ,'■ ;• - j
Tjte : Fh.inoon Builtyi'i. 'ff. E' Corner of\
Avlil] • ihc l)i,'inoiid. Uci'ver, Pa. !
!-X EC IMd II^.^OTICE^
’ ’ --i (1. I
VV' JLv having granted to
*‘V\-ui;dt>rs.i,riu-d' Ujitjersflcstuthoiitary on the 1
v^i, fe .»t il-v.atiit Ni.Cariser, late W Perry ip. I
y/.i.nUtih-i cMuntydeed., a lt : persons \
Cll ■•nip tUe:u.-elvc> indebted: .to said estate j
«ve terru“MH .to .made_ immediate payment, I
Uh.se having claims against the same wjjU
Vueia’piopcrly authenticated for set-
Uviuent • - ' ’
* G. S. BANKER. Ex’r.,
New Brighton.*
j4l5'G!
_ . .y-<----- ~.
-ate of John Ihibrie, dec’cL
of lulmiiiietraiionoh the estate of
1 •»«».» Imiirie, late of Big Beaver town
"u;'cr <-’ounty..l > «nua. r «lec'd. having
f to the undersigned, all' persona
■" ', eu ■- asi'd’ estate-are requested tnjmaks
e-a** 4^ 4 - I >a ? ,a ® ,, N. aad those having claims
» F - satar hill present them properly
for settlement. ' :
J? I). 1- IMIIRIE, Bearer,
£. S. I.MBUIE, Darlington,
Administrators.
j«S9 l 6i
Beaver Station— Go
Commencing, Monday, May 1
leave Beaver Station aefoUowi
7:50 a. h. Arrires »t Fittsb
2:20 i>.‘ it. : “ . . ‘‘
6;64r. is. “ ••
OotNO
Traint Uavt PiUtbnrgh at fi
6:10 a. M. Arrive! at
8:50 p. M.
1:10 P.IM.
1:00 a
Roches]
f' 3. N McCULI
F. R. MYERS. Gen' . Tcke
PITTSBURO.JFT. -WAYNE,
Rochester Station—<
_ '-j Leaves Rochesl
Ist 5:42 a:
2d Brigli'n v!t“; 6:46 A.
8d BrigU’n 12:83 p.
New Castlo “ ” 8:05 p.
.Vail; ! 6:15 p.
1 ht. Express,. 1:00 a.
1 2-1 Express, 2:10 P.
?oincii’ti Exp. 6:45 p.
j • ' Goinu Was;
- Leaves Pitts.,
Allianee'Aeeom. ii:10 p.
Isi Brigh’tiAccom. 9:16 A.
■iii Brigli’n.. “ . 12:00Va.
Bd ■ i“1 ; !4:40 p.
4tU ■■ U.-'6;sop.
Mail, ; • " s, lr 0:80 a.
; Ist Express, \ ■ 1:00' *.
!2d Express, . UlO T.
_.! WM. P'. Sill
•;
x Executors of Goorgul
; Ken’s Hotel,
Jdrrir..' - G3
# ADM INI ST A-diTO K’ S NOTICE.
LETTERS on the. estate
■of. AummTbo.nu 'Jki.lt, ded'di' Tate of
Brighton township, Heaver co.. Having been
granted io/the undersigned, nil persons in
debted id said estate are requested Ip make
immediate payment, mil those
agaiuslithe same will present them ! properly
aUthenticated.for settlement. 1 t-' J.
;■ ANDREW WATTER3ON, Adm'r.,
! ;jc29’6i i Brigctonttp.J |
PROF. DAVID GORDON.
: 1 I WING devote l a number of, years to
|. 1 j supccsssully erring llrni,' Turnon, &c.,
j from motives of humanity, offers lids profes
| sinnal services to thn pnblitrof this county.—
: His system is siiuplf —inevitablyl produces; a
I cure without producing pain to the patient.—
A'l f-ure no Pott office at Clinton, Alle
gheny, co., Pa. ,
• je29’64. '
|i •' AMERICAN
GOLD PEN COMPANY,
MANUFACTURERS^ of Gold, Pens and
Pencil, Cases of crery description, and
Role Manufactures of. Ilia • . ! '
■.Celebrated JVi bbed. ‘. ,}Pen.
V A iupplyjust reosiVed and for sale at tbs
Jt’tfOJ Mridgeicater Drug Stare.
tNQ East.
6,' 1864.-j* JV«m*
i argil, 9:80 a. m.
8:60 P. Mi
. 8:05 t. U.
ollowt:
,7:40 *. ft.
.5:20 p. N.
. 2:20 p. m:
...2:10 a-.u
,OUGH, Pru't.
tf Agent.. jT, '
i CHICAGO B E
oisa East.
er Arr. at Pills.
m 7:20 a. M.
M...... 8:20 a. .it,
2:35 p. M.
■M ,’4:50 p.-
M 7:00 > A a.
M...... 2:20 k'. k.
m.„... 3:20 p M '
M 7:50 P. M.
Arr. at Rochester.
*...... 3:30 P- H-
M..... .11:00 A. Mj
M 1:32 p.- me.
M 6:15 p. j/.
M 7:20 p. M,
11. ...... 8:05 A. u.
M 2:10 a. M.
M........ 2:20 p. M.
SX, Suy ~ E. D.
RTSALE
I he Orphans’ Court
rer, the undersign-.
Public Vendue, or
purchase money
13 sale by the court?
i ual payments from
thereou from same
Court: > : ,
3 ' i
deceased.
34)..5v✓;
HE I'fißUO
WILSON’S
CHINES
OFFI)
a*.' '
ling of libit gun;
ring shrink ! ■
. dread War baa done;
bat cheek?
Dosthesr^l
Or bear t
Dost see the
Tho polio
te booi
Ut dj
wort
of tl
hsbx: ' !
dly ringing'Ungh,
Dost hear to
, - i
And he*rll
‘‘•Let joy be
The cup bl
ie low
them gleeful !uy,
uncc nnncd —we.’ll, qokff
if joy to-day !”
theb>. i ■ .
- • ,t;
th»» dying grout. .
ul strife ?
mnded soldier’* mono,
ibing life,! j
Dost hear,
■ Amid thi
Dost hear t
-’And. see
las !
fe&rf
le vroi
is ebl
BEU. I
jntli music (well, •
answering | feet ?
learning eyes, that tell
hiak complete t
I TUEEK. [.' I
ind artillery’s roai,\ . i
ng muslcots'peal t •
tld. nil red with gore,:
t.
Dost hear t
With* qui<
Dost see th
Of,tl
Dost hear t
■ With ans
Dost see tb
Shei for-
ie gei
kly
icy't
le lo|
iTerii
it fiel
lie cl
LX AND TBXBS.
r other in the strife ;
itheballjr
(Ming his young'life,
iomury’sjcall ? -
nsr.
it bi
Dost see tin
That sist
Dost see hi
At his lo'
t ir in
ed ci
heed:
Hass of his fate,
That sister,
dyit
with
Or of hit
la dancing
ig groan*,.,
her giddy mate,,
•eher tones
And glee \il dr
But why should ■
' Our country bl
AVhat if ohKdeai
i > -
- Should wb our
Iwe our joys restrain ?
deeds we kuow ;
'real friends are slain,
'joys frrego ?
r* j ,
. Did do; old Ncm, king i t Home,
■ Wlien it ras t trapped in flames, 1 ..
• Give samp!! answering to our own?
Shall'we not do the samo;
• , "‘I 1: ‘ •
„ J<ow that ojr .
Erected Vy our sires, j j
Is.'bout to.I all a sacrifice, *
■ To treasonable fires? | I
‘ Can wo tltp rout tfacdance enjoy, ;
.Stand ihicTi *on t? annoys
And: kce]i us ill at ease?
Wile father, br other,' husband, son,
Hare all their joys resigned? .
gay, can these scenes ojf mirth go,on,
Whije these are incur mind?
I i oV mark thl hardships they endure,
[: ■ of jour land;
[ . Let thjese thy, synlptties secure,
l\j Aud thy assisting hand. .. . ■
f " ■ 'ii ■ '
Nor let thy foolish heart be led
• T’ iudulj e th sconces so gay;
Until our country’s foesjare dead,
Or drive i far Jiway.j, j -
Younjgstov n, Jan 19, 1863. ( .
-r - j- - ■
Sf Judge’iAgnew la the
John C. iFlfleld vs the
•oe Company of Penh-
Opinion i
Case of
Icaiirai
sylvan:
Concurffhg i opinions
three |of the Associate
following is the opihjim
Agnkw. J—Thiswise
us upon a. marine pi'flic;
a vessel ctlfed the |;*'J pt.
The Crew of the .Gonilyderate priVa
teor “Jeff. Davis" bitarded the '.‘John
Welsh” on the lii<rhl sea,,putting Lite
cre w [of the latter in four, and taking
them off [ They plundered the vessel
of pippert)}- bn board, and carried her
Savvey;' T}y<s witness, speaking of the
affair,suid; . {‘They were' pirates, they
nibbed/ine on the high eea*;" ; These
aeujbre piracy, either under the laws
7jf/nations, ,or of j Congress.. Two
y^jiiestionsl arise—lj |\Vhol.berj the let
.tens of marque of, i the ••Jeff; Davis.”,
and the natute of the war in which
she engaged, divert these acts of their
piratical characuiff '2. Whether it
1 was! a caatute within the true imian
! ii,g bf th s term, tU used i R the pols
icy. | ■■ ' .
The pt hljn history of the country
is admit,t.-d— the isecession pt ; the
Southern States, theh confederacy,
! organiza •ion-»>f'a government, rebel*,
lioii and issuing letters of marque—
that, the “. Davis,” sailing under let
ters! of marque as |an aimed privateer
captured the ‘“Enchantress” after
boafdingithe “John Welsh ” and some
of her crew; were! tried and convicted
of‘piracy for this! act. in. the Circuit
Cqtirl of the U. S’, at Philadeljthia,
but! not i lehlenced;} the President tak-'
ingi them out of civil custody, am} ox
chalngln' them as prisoneis of wa'. j
To av jid the qualification and ; cirr i
cuity. 1 shall use the terms Confeder
al e| Gov ■rhihent, jw i thout j admission of j
their rightful character.' "• |
\Vas the act of ckpture of the John
Welsh (ivested jof its piratical char
acter by the commission under which!
the “Jtlf Dlivis” sailed ? This ques-!
hy .iu answer tb arioth
i ild the of marque pro
ft a : conviction for piracy f A
ie to it has been - judicially ren
y Justice* Crier and Cad jyala- ]
the conviction Iff iho crew ,ofj
T)avs«” yibr piracy.. . ?at II
tey Wbtflif nbt protect,* unlein
tiot. ,5s
el-J_wo\
"leci fro
res Wins
deredb
duij in ;
thB ‘‘J«l
reply, tf
latter canjiot be admitted, arfllehOold
have rocountenance from thUToourt.
The United States are
to. all the powers vested
the Coiiaiitatioh. It ik
to the terms used to
government, National or FOdwil.-iti
is the nature of-thSjpowers
which must determine theirsotioi>|d|
character. \ These powers, -whether!
exercised by Congress, Iho lHreajdeptJ
or the Supreme ,J udiciarjvlire pOH
formed in eolidd llirOuglioutthawhole
territory lot the United States, withj
out regard to State bomtderjca, Ail
acts ol the whether mJ
biting to frrdgn or domes(i4:affair»|
falling within the domoin of, the coni
ferred powers, are cha ra eteriaad by
unity; und, therefore belong to'A.sfnl
gle nationality. J,Without,
tion of tbisyjiational unity/ihere can
bo no goyenJmetit eel up within the
United Stales, ei iher dejureor de irhrfdj,
with power.to make war, grant letted
'ofmurquej&c. 'j I ■*. j-
The/Constitution takes jitway the
slightest, piretext for recession, conf
federation, land the exercise »of.any of
the war powers} fX l State bun not by
itself, or bycoi.federationwijtU other*
establish tatiy government with thcsl
forbidden powers., ,
' 1 ■ .o'* ■
“No State shall enter into anytrea
ty, alliance orj contederaiii>u,. gran t
leHern of marque and reprisal, coin
inuilcy,” ’&c. [ :
“No State shall, withoutfflipconsent
of Congress, lay any duly on tonnage,
keep iroopj* ot. ships of wariiy time of
peace, enter into: any a'grwjjrehl olr,
compact with ainoiller Statejor with b.
foreign power. Jor engage IpsWarl un- i
je"9 -when act i d vnded.opnjKuclij
imminent danger aswill nocadati t of
delay." Sec?!!}, Art 1. • / % : i'V.U'
I bold, therefotn,. that sercsfcjorf and"
confederation are nuihlie.R’fend;Heart
ily
view of' ouraffairs) that fe
the de facto pretensions otfoeCqWeil
eratc Staten as *o tfae HCT^lnbMiii!
K <>ih dt jitre}'and de ado, ovehnShb'jhfc
ceded territory, its, run. , ; p dertd
tempoiarily suspended in certain ufs
tricts, -baft; its actual existence’ contin
ued 1 everywhere within its rightful"
jurisdiction, and therefore r.ecessardjy
excluding, within,the same limits; all
other sovereignties. | ;. i z'. I ;
' And in. I view of thefaclirdf public
history, j mosteinphiiticallyMleny that
secession has accomplished“rovo u
li'dnj” that confCdcrathtn has acquired
“the position of an independent pow ef
de facto," or th'al/|the Cpnstituljon
and Union are/abroguted so farja"
they (the sepddingj States) are cun
| corned," leayfugthein “under the igws.
•of war apiefbf nations Alone.” J
i State/ 7 conventions, oidipances j, ofi
| secession, confederation' of States, -or .
Przat ion of a form, of government,
-ibe taking up of 'arms against, 4 the
itedsi States, do pot abrogate the
[Constitution, or work actual dissolu
j lion of the Union. fSuc.h acts 1 are rev-
I olulionary ip their it ml tuny but do not
constitute successful revolution. or| ac
complish de. facto independence. -They j
1 have produced insjuf rectiort and iqijvlLj
| conslilulioiial'nieiihs of sap- j
' prossltin and redress, hut luce no* slisr]
placed: the Federal! jurisdiction}'. ,(Rd
sisianife of authority suspends for a
period the exercise of'governmental
htunctiqns. but the [constant .and jpro-
I gressiye use of, suppression forbids'life
(idea of the deslruction ofgovernmen-
I uil authority. llbo restoration has
b<*en IprbgreSsing J successfully, until
( now, the Federal jurisdiction is 'teas
| hciLed within' largo-tracts 11 ir. o 'ory -
[State Jvvithi'h llm ierritofy of thn at
tempted Confederacy., ’ . 1 ,
A bjitraclly from other facts) if .wjould
bo trite, that & geivornmopt in the ac
tual exercise of sovereignty over a. 1 -
I people and a territory as large as the
original thirteen Slates, and under a j
written; Constitution, exercising the j
war polwef as| well ad civil functions,'
would have a status, pot [less llian -a
1 government ■ de facto, But the appli*.
cation of this test to the Confederate
Government, | omits these essential
features—that the territory, though j
so largo, is but a part pf the entire.!
territory ot one nation; and that the j
population, thought so 'numerous, . is,
out a portion df<>t»« people; that their.
Constitution is but acotnpaot ql Slates;
disqualified ironi confederation} and j
overfidilcn by a, higher Constitiuior;
thal'thelmstard progeny of this void
com pact is not ip thd.eXefcise of ex.
cinaive sovereignty over this fraction
of tile;territory and peqploof the’na
tion; and that the true government is
still supreme, de jure and de facto, ex
orcising its spreroignly withih the en
tire! dirclb of the (confederacy, occu
pying important .portions, and conr
muiiding positions, in the territory of
evety State , >- , ,!
T,h« true.idea of a de facto govern
mept i*, that if in fact represent* a
people or nation iui such. It may be a
usuipation; bail it, and not another,
actually ex ex cises the authqrity of the
nation. . A rebellion or attempt j*f
; (• • . - ]- <' ' • ■ ! .
o.”h
/>••!?.••» ;i/ ,: ; . : LvJ ; .jV| NOTICE TO ADVE[?TIBEI«.;
; >Li ! ’’’ ’ -,'ji *f : :•■ ,:.'i •
'; ’’W m' i i , |‘| | r;' .-■ -|t' •" W «wt». A lil3eW di»o.ount ni*de U j%*ily
5 M.--'"’ "'-JX. "!f” '.,
* ‘B- - ; '. ft*. ’ ” IJ., .; Jr ■-■ I'.-' |’; I'i'ipicw’equilicP wnT«' l •
“'<!* .. j.“; •/] •_, j" ; notice* 25 jfcr ecn 1 addition to
'>;^j: : V-;i Vyy .-■• ;f; j. : < • V:> ; .yi-.' , -r' : ir-' ' f -- •': •
J, **‘. , ‘..*‘l -.— •- » ■ ’ ' j— .'... i— ..! ~,.1.r;:.- Buiihei* cards, 76 ; cant* ft line. p«P y«4f.
1 *• ! ,y ; i".: V: ‘-_J :J. I-:,:. I Miirwgea aad Destbs, Beiigiou*, Political
;’--' :, vK •' -
rwolsdon portion ofak people. |
leafing :ta.e jirb® govariirnentatill in
4Hie, mt3tife and tacbetafot in useriini;.
iUaatfaurity; doea not'eoniditnteja de,
UKto rfnvernmaitt; for tbe rearan: that
it. oo «eo*o repre*enu* a nation, 01
, It i focki
di«ttnotn«M andcompletenes* of aepa-J
| ration. The body ofman wboaet nj>,i
| tho Confederate Government are not 1
theproperaenae
complete »<■ pa ration.
vCaojr-ara ai combinauonof ,|osr(>ona,
tat f«ai«ia-no' authority Mndefacto \
jpnirntanii,. whoae commitMibnia will I
-point U not vibat the
affecta lobe,
U,4 Mof
gorarament, the fact remain*; itia not,
Im the exerci*# of excJuaiye sovereign
tyj lt (l«m not, represent a Icliaiihfet,
separate, independent nationality
Tfie quoaiion iar—What in the value of
■thiscombination ? This is the very
nvbt 'of tba diHeasiiion; tl»e inquiry
p , —-i -
beiuffi existdin tbe
l«itcri»jg£ to protect. ■
j Becewgu beats no resemblance to
iho AmoHcqn revolution. Then tbe
eolonie* were actually and, territorial
ly "I‘iJuraled, from' the mother coun
try; bad deduced independence, and
net up a -government wlfieh' in fact
represented tbe entire people, and ex*
lb ‘ ' * ~
et creed their’iialional authority. Then
there was distinctness, separateness,
exercise ofbxclu/ive sovereignty,
actual ouster of the legitimate gov
criiment.' Secession has none of.these.
In the former case there v?a« a deJacto
government; in the latter thet« is r,ot.
1 But nave the political
of our governmentconceded a detdeto
status to the Confederate' Govern*
ment 7 Here I must pause id notii-e
.the fallacy, of liny argumenlwhich,
presenting a single alternative be
tWepr. the Federal sover
eigDty.'and ja substitution of Confed
erate Sovereignty, by nieana ot rev
olution aiidj dissolution, .and, alleging
as a fact,-the admission • of the latter;
by the political department* of flic
biingsas the
proof the alleged concession
erttU. rights. ! , /
. Tbr yielding: of certain temporary
benefits to rebels in arms, to modcr*
ale the rigors! of war—acondtion pro
duced by (he violence of force—difs
fern essentially [from the concession of
ade facio governmental status lo the ■
i.cb'd*;, themselves— -a > concession de- i
manding, according to , tfia presented
al'crrmttref, dn admission. of eover
v TheVobsi Itntiotr t»f the tx*
r '* iiinwiw
liwui, iUor<*r<ir Q.
ir revolution which •dissclvedtf>o«‘W-d
ipji,” [leads t? -error. ! Belligei;ent
rights arise frqrn a state of war,’and
notpecessarily from auygoyeyniueh
tal status. , Ciyil war may exist With
out separation,! or distinct sovereign
ly.: It bodies! between i members of;
the, same Slate; and the government,
opposed in its own domain, drips not
concede successful revolution or *epar»
ale sovereignty.by according belliger
ent rights to the rebels | A- stato| ol
civil war undoubtedly exists, and a
corresponding necessity; to| treat .the
rebels according to-the ti sages of civ
ilized warlarej but it does not’ follow
I that thiA is aiconeessionjof it. Me facto
status to the govern merit under which
the rebels, prosec ute' their rebellion
The Federal Govern men 1,-. on thu con
trary has uniformly and presi-tcrilly
denied, it. Excepting [the exchange
of [prisoners,jinia the application of
tbojlaw qf prize to Federal captures
! pf vessels violating theiblockil fe, jriot j
! a sillitury governmental act lias been j
I pointed. ti>, as 'p recognition ,of ; tlicl
1 Codfederaio status; and these, it will,]
■bo shown fail of the pnrposb aimed j
'■at.! : . , ' • : "i ! I
! I have'exanined all :of tht proela
minions of the President,’ beginning
! with 1 that of the both; rif'April.i 186.1,
and all the principal laws’iif bongfess,
and liuveriot found a| single execn j
live or legislative act. wliiph [concodesl
a governmental status to the.’Ocnfeds
efacy. Tito 'whole ’ rogndi qf legfsla
lioh lias been aimed if ‘iWtljpfesrt in-1
sur ruction’—4 l ‘pUni.-di treason a ini re
boAimi’i—"sdizo ; jtnd rJconesC'ito the j
property ,ol rebels ’. and "prevent cor j
respondent's with rebels - ’ : The oiily |
ael of Congress in which 1 nave no-j
tic id any mention of the Confederate ,
Gojverlifneut'.is that. ,- fq present cor
re.-pondencu With rebels;” which terms j
it “the present pretended gov- j
eminent.’’ ‘ f -* v - '1
, What is it to tell us, that the crew I
of the I‘J jff. Davis” were exchanged j
as of Wari when all the |
proclamations ;of the President, all
his orders.. and the Very, war he is
waging to subdue ihoirebels. leach ua.
that he'has riot lordan instant, apr{
knowledged their power; When all
the enactments’ of Congress have
aimed | at continued | over
their /hfrsons, property aridterntory.
When and in what way has any de
partment of our government conced
ed u. the Confederacy a position. ou|.-
sidin o!f the 1 Constitution aWvlf«»'»f»|
and the possession' of J the actual. goyj
ernir.g power wUhiusiiny part pf the
territory of iheDniojn? If we haye
exchanged prisoners’ it was put tbri
exercise of humanity |to loyal
mnd hut ft ft eoiiwwion to a separate |o»Ue to a -«»g v. .......
koTontmoiit. If [weihftve blockaded .by privateers; aiid;it matters n<>t
?h«ir horta and ftDPticd tbelaw pf whether the vpft-el rhq. carriadlnto
h L P? Federal tap«orei%V '>n6 a* a pnaej
| neutral*' • | . *
j 14 it tiioi the rebels levy
Wap, which confer* this status? War
neither ihe Constitution,
nor dissolves th - Uriicja.. But war
| levied, must be |tnet by war. This,
j'.war must be .governed by civilised
usages. and where neutrals may be
| affeCietl moat be conducted ao aa go
I prcaerye their right*, and maintain
t our peace with. other nations, jAn
.exchange oi priabnera grow* out'of a
stale of war, and its effect aa an act,
can n«e up higher than its tirodutfing
eauae. If war, the i cabae.fdoos not,
i/ao facto confer I, the assumed, status,
| dearly exchange, the j mere k ' Cense*
iquence. cmnnot. j ,j i' f - !
<:War brings with it i ihe( necessity
I for using the means iof muhiiig itef'
fective. A blockade of the ports in
territory: as Struct of
war,’ is no' more jflitin 'the of -a
ciiy.. Eucli i» iiiieiided to destroy the:
power of the insurgents to carry bn
liieirwar, i As to thb yeheia,;
it;is but a means 6t making war. ef
restive to auhdao then.; It U’no con
cession *j.i our purl, of an outside,
status, or jot an abrogated L’pnatitU
lion. . If, tlierofore,-we: cbose to up-,
ply the low of prize toour own cap |
lurcs/ind thus escape collisions with
olhijr nations, it! is bat jan aiitypollat-j
oruhto l tbp blockade, as a means of j
warfare. |\Vo restrict ourselves so
i: .s to Oon 'lit to b< governed bv
/Wim. .seiu - jo governs >y
thelaw of; nations as to neutrals, but
uo to ibo rebels: we do not elevate ibis j
means,of Warfare into a concession'of
their separate stallis;. 1 ‘ ‘ ,
The Supremo Court , of the United
States, in prize case*, decided no more
than this,that being engaged in a war
with rebo|a, “the President had a
right jure belli tb : institute tlm block
ude ol ports in possession of States'in;
rebellion, Which neutrdis arc -■ to
regard.''. There! if iio intimation indbc
opinion of an j‘‘abrogated Cojiafcrtu-i
lion,” or Wn outside status. Had this
question beenJ before’ the ’ court, I
doubt (idtjljUbljce Grier, who deliver
ed ’the opinibn, would have 1 adhered
to his own judgment in the eas’C'ol
those pirates. iHis langugc is, worthy
of j .reproduction, for jits-, clear and
tciWe btatemeiit of tbo whole qqesr
iioin. “Every j government is bound
byj the law of hell' preservation to
suppress, insurrectionSj-aiid the fact
that the uuinbCrand power o|f t’lie in-
surgents may bo so' groat as to' carrji" insurers, for. the.'<)r<btjnry|proii>iurtv ot g
on: a.civil war agHUi.'.l tlteir legitimaui policy, toj against a i.
bovereighj will not onlillo them to L»ti capture qf-thia kitwl, ..
considered-a, state: . The fact -that a. troni a oiipluro/uro us any fealu.ro
civil wah exists for-I the pin pose 6’i except the want pi j||-«jlocu<.>h In’ the
suppressing a I rebellion, is conclusive le’.ters ot innrquq.- hncy might bo
evidence! that th.o Government of 1 the Wiling to lirshrsjMWjWjo 5 •
U oiled States ret uses tonckno w ledge in q’aoe-t ’nr:iuuhpup;|! gum-, in*-... p
tttfiir right -considered suchported by any kind pf govuimmeiih
. »nd.wl by-lie |, r f|i«
no other'light! than andarhfombui of prtvay f
country; and those Who assume,;-by
their authority, & right to plunder ab-uco . f !.“ !I; s^ that 1
,l,= propcrtyl ul **
high seas, as pirates and robbcts. , . ■ ;. 1 .; j1 .^ !e ‘ s . ami assail- -.
p ;This is soh.id | and patfiotic lap* ] jMview. ot ,heex- .
guage; and vfhile, 1 ■ comprehend the »k-Muv £ V^| o ' JL'-clear- tbit the
necessity grojxvnig out of the esigti}- I bc-WW \vjV: aligned.-,to.'l.nsuro ,
cy of a civil war,[compelling the g»V:. P; Y { then uiiliuoivn.great and
ernmont to suspend ora lime Ihe ex ag-irnM in »■ ««- ..Jt , »,
erciso of* its powers to punish rebels i imminent pei.d. I- , ........
hnd pirates? I cannot cohCtdve by i This view js streigUmued by ; : the
what p.ocesK underlthe.ConslitUiiop. | nature,of theodicy as a
dither the President or Congress cun; j instrument, -4tf.js.n4t,a P«*.
dletore accou.plishertyeVolutipiixliatige | culiar’ to qUTselvgß, qjU ,
the status ot tebels as a portion of the 1 more likely to cO/'<h‘ijn u - ‘|, s J' l '£ g
ieople Jtvlcn the treaty-making jto tbe p.rat.cal cha#icr of the cap- ...
power confers so such authority. It Lion as vieweduedekout *.» JU J.
regir Is • tbriign relations | «tly, notfis Ia - worfd wide : | n*Jl' « e ‘
the States oft the Union, whfch lie of.|he ot all c|
dor ■' the' express pohibitioils of the cd eountnes.-ui it? tam* .m >Jtp- .
. Constituting i 1 j. 1 , lion conformingvathfr to genoralAbun , •
I'The clem sbey of [President. pttruento ■ ; i
which relieved these*pirates 1 from pen- . \vi,it‘ r would au.&lglish copri. think
ishment, did not reach back to t,hp* r . 0 f dt i Unqucsuoiiiildy folio,\vin<{ the
crime, and convert piracy intoprivg uut i o ti bt illicit dvyu govern niout in its
leering jure iMli. Yet this i* the very'l-recognition of the r |bcis- :.s oeiliger- ;
point ol the reasoning whh-li pnts ihe; uul(j st y wou u tij--ps|>tiboiic«d.’a ;{iap«
case Upon a capturei/nre biltf.-- If An English i<’*urt would pot
are privateersmen, and -their, capni.ro., i tu ',iertukc..t<» nboh tho of
• jure bilHs tlwsjy aro prutocioti from t^ ,e . j | lo Souibt*rD tVii'-lcr ibu Feu- ,
! piinishnielit of pirates bVjfhe lettersj erul aiid laws, and to .
of marque; and the capture ot the j pronounce the act j. fracy uiidev Uiem;
“John vVelsh” needs; only a decree in ‘ uill wort |j ly to the hag and
admiralty to transfer Lhelpt pperty as a to , nfili ssion ',ol the, alleged pidv-gteOr, -
lawful prize of war.j The prize cases and .fhc atlUadc! of fthe C.mtc-fbfatcs ;
adjudicating the lawfulness of Federal aa dzudby Great Brilnip. At*
captures, db not for .aiMijfttont: sane, udgiV.cnl Would ou rendered,
■lion or.conc*t(llo the aiu • acci j|.jj‘ u \ to ililc 6t
ijihofity of qobol prize confj*. • a ut’liie mvie by ai uimiod piivatepiy
The sarpbWrguroent winch redeems d gf'a^ou^n»sstori!and.flag r J*f*d«w«t*
[rebel piiviiteering from piracy,-' w ’*Vljt,.V 4 gefievai'.p«hVi| purpose, end,not
I protect its military on land Jrom,^'the a ,„' o f .a T frel|bdoU\r ;1 on
{imputation of robbery, iiyurder and , r . ilur p Fe taVioo aceofdS wifli the mead- >
treason. 1 ? secossiou beajisiinyon and . j bubpose the framoKof fhe ppli-. .
revolution, and-if llhey cimfer.uiion , a j; to the Win
the Confederate,Slates thoughts,qf a a s uliHire ||y pariies proseent
de/rtrfo govi-rrnneiit, leaving them'pn- byjimi ftlm.edr;jiubUc .fifrey ;
der of war and ; uf 'nations it be law fit I qp.ftniaWiuljj^nd
alone, their authority under ihesc luws wllut | ieF jLtijied brnol as a,nmct
wilfpiolect Ihotly in as *.o sul Af- r i*»bliul -warl iiniler-the law. 01, hte*
acts done MWK ~ I" ir\iio U “: V |-Vf .I-; !i >
gument lyjnch; rescues pirates, VJ, ■Massachiisckts case oh Dale et .
: converting their piratical .acts into »j \ s -* i . w lns. Co, which!
Capturej«/e4<:W<, asserts nothing less. *V* j ’.Troo 'sheet's, is' ail 1 au
than thatyt-peason bn land protects '[ hoi . il ; i | ;4d jA; aid decides the qiies--
piracy jat sea. ’ > tldn -ivlttoW vh this .u.toriM-cila'tion |ot
‘ The Iseconcf question is,, whether ‘ ! 1
the loss off the -John ViTelsh” was by the tyl J J «fftrininWt’’e
topture wiuiin the meaning of thenpro- 1 R^y£5 u -“i
yiso in Hie The; exception jndginen^uvthe
[reads thusWroVided also. ■ that the that-the<n- mo. pW-ty
I con.panv Phalli not he liable for any iutenJed • a case •.
[ claim! f.»V Jr loss by seizure, in the ndtu|e of |u act
[or dethhtion, or the consequences ot not on. the, g'4 a !‘P tho "; '
iany a tie nipt thereat." f : itself was an act j[«re fcittt. , .
Capfuri is nlterm especially appli- Befqfe.closing, it
\ble t» taking by i«eti.:dA.war or that these views ( were wriden-jpitqr
i The insurer* ifthey y-_,
Warrant a^P er iloftlia 0 ftlia
ilea, and the Hama lorcoJßnoulU be giv- :
on tb the term nVed'an ail iexi 1
ceplipni, .It is not t/» besuppoaed that
it word'ofdeti nile sh;up payon, wbep / ,
itnedina commercial inatrnipent tp
create liability* wouidflbe u,*ed id %
difforenl Honso as an eiloaptipa in the
sarae species ofcontracli i ■' ’»
| Although commission of the '
“Jdff OavU” »»f?}eP|.af ; hfch^jbpV'sailed;
cknnol. be used- to 1 ’ characterise ;tb«
capture as an act jure bmU, yet, it ’CON
taitily .inay be u«ed!,ip, ]|ive character
to the act as d capture ymhin the true
intenti»f the polity. venae! WaV 1
hot a frec»booier, |n qaest <if gain by
indiscriminate pillage, ,|u t acted linjcleit
a Comtui«sion lo’capl uip reason; of the
United States onie, as|'.*pemios;- and
the declarations, oil at
the time of thoj capture accorded
therewith'., '•( ' I'' ■ ■, ‘; '| ; ■
■ A pirate,: accordinn iotiio. m(jHt apt
' - i i: - ,eea 'bb<
|e :
proved definitions,-isa&ea robbetjoue
who robs on the bigli |BC£.s, irrespeo*
live of country'orl conditions—aiiinV;
discriminate plnu,iferc||tor of y
gain, iloiice he ft c|llod hostia \ hu~
tnani generis. .In this case the object ;
was. not plunder, hut flapturcFand do- 4
struction ut the property of persons ro-.
partied as enemies. | ~ 'l
hied the act,“hut ' rime intent
\Ve look ujioo liiosi % ai rej?d(j
and cur li.wb,but they re
garded themselves as t ncmies only.— ,
They considered tlicrnl elves a part of
an authorized forde o| a government
at .war with us; and there, bore" Its •
commission,Jeari-iijd ip, flag, and made ,
war upon us alone. The.war in
which they lock.a pait, was one of- r .
terrible earnestness a( d gigantic pro.- i.
port ions, . The power of the, rebels,,,
had compelled our tro 'ot'nment to re- :
gard. it as a.civil Iwaj; and to concede! ,
•to thetn certain be|iiig'rent tights. lu| ,
every-, sense, therefore: affecting indU,
vidual iiilotebfs. in' LhU power to.sieze . ,
and destroy .private proper ty; and the ~
ip tent tb'exoi’i ,llii£poivdr to carrjton ■']
their witr arid inci|eas| their o'ifrh sue-, -
csiSs, these wa|c to he viewed
as u part of navai tonfe; ah<f their.act
as a capture,ot war. i. 1
This is a pe,ii£e J policy issued bo*
fore scc'Cssion undltlHijl .tear- It is not;,
supposed it. wusltKe jfiienuon, of;the
hearing another ppinibn.- r*jad. ,
a revision of that opinion, I omitppr-'
Vi6tta.br my two,and so much as I n6W
i read! I leave as an answer to any ar
•riinirnt .which ptight be offered lh
■aup^cct ; «f. vie**.;;; ■, ;
ll=
r' -1 :•
$•
|v,
1"
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