Bellefonte, Pa., August 21, 1931 OMETHING ABOUT ALIEN IMMIGRATION Restrictions of immigrants to this )untry has been a matter of some mcern ever since the colonization ‘ the first Amercian settlers, and 18 developed with the passing years to a national problem of great im- rtance. It has been a subject of uch Congressional debate and heat- I discussion for the last decade, 1d is especially in a prominent po- tion before the public at the pres- it time because of pending legisla- on intended to partly close the door 1 a virtually unrestricted influx of iens from Mexico. But while Senate and House com- ittees have been investigating the smplications of a suitable immigra- on policy, and several of our states- en have been engaged from time time in introducing numerous bills r more drastic restriction, it seems © public as a whole is not interest- | in this vital problem or that the atter has been sufficiently promul- ited for the average citizen's at- ntion, for he is apparently content sit by with an indifferent attitude hile immigrants continue to pour to the country at a surprising te, while all has a tendency to »od our labor market and thus ag- -‘avate a serious unemployment sit- ition, upset our economic balance, id corrupt our social welfare. In ort permitting too large a number aliens to come into the United ates each year is proving detri- ental to the entire country. There- re it would not appear inappropri- e to review a few of the past com- exities of this intricate question, hich forms a partial basis of pres- it conditions. It is not necessary for us to delve to our individual family histories to jcertain that we are nearly all de- endents of immigrants. Perhaps e only original Americans were the dians, who are so recognized be- \use it has not been definitely es- blished as to where they really did yme from. From what history tells ; it seems even they had some idea ' a restrictive immigration policy ; repeatedly attempting to wipe it the early settlements of the white an—drastic in the extreme when it as enforced, but eventually ineffec- ve in accomplishing the desired end. Further along in America's devel- yment, several of the English col- iies apparently faced a foreign in- sion. the History of olonial Immigration Laws, by E. E. roper, an authority on the subject, ie may find the following com- ent: “The great influx of Germans to the Middle States from 1700 to 150 raised problems which bave a imiliar sound to those who have dlowed the arguments on the im- igration question of our own times. ne immigration of foreigners into ennsylvania became so great that ie danger of its degenerating into a reign colony was openly proclaim- i, and for a few months in the war 1729, the Quaker Province had 1 her statute book the most com- ‘ehensive anti-immigration act ever issed in America, namely, a taxon 1 foreigners coming into the colony. Reading further we find. “For a sriod of several years, beginning ith 1656, the record of the Mas- wchusetts Bay Colony, and indeed all ' the New England colonies except hode Island, are filled with legisla- on designed to prevent the coming * the Quakers and the spread of ieir “accursed tenets.” Whippings, aprisonment, banishment, and in a 'w instances capital punishment, ere the order of the day.’ A few ages long Mr. Proper says, “De- site the fears and forebodings of the nglish settlers no serious evils re- ited from the body of foreigners ho settled in Pennsylvania. They roved to be industrious, faithful cit- ens and loyal subjects.” How in- y it all is. ‘The New Eng-. .nd onies tried to prevent the ming of the Quakers; the Quakers i: turn attempted to discourage the erman immigrants by levying a tax 2 them. Yet the combination has ssulted in one of the finest States i the Union. Qur forefathers’ Declaration of In- :pendence, and the ensuing strug- le, placed immigration in the back- round for a number of years, for ymparatively few aliens came to ie United States between the Rev- utio! War period and about 330. ial statistics of immi- ration begin with 1820 and in the acade ending with 1829 only 128,- )2 aliens, or an average of 12,850 onually, were admitted. In the ext decade, 1830 to 1839, the num- or admitted was 538,381, an annual ve of 53,838. The ten years ding with 1849 witnessed the first :ally great immigration movement, )r between the years 1840 to 1849 total of 1,427,337 entries were re- yrded. This sudden rise being al- ost entirely due to the exodus from ‘eland during the period of the po- ito famine, and the be of ‘hat proved to be an extensive wove from Germany. This great in- cease came almast without warn- 1g, and continued rather steadily )r about 40 years. In 1880 the newer immigration >mmenced to come to the United tates. As the tide of aliens from 1e countries of northwest Europe radually receded that from other uropean countries began, and it in- reased so rapidly that ina period f 20 rs it reached upward of 000, annually, and continued at bout the same rate upto the out- reak of the World war. All these ‘ere absorbed, however, without ny great difficulty, and it was not ntil several years later that a need ‘as felt for legislation to cope with 1e situation. The act of Februa nd is known as the ¢ immigra- on law and is in its essential na- ire a selective immigration law. It iminates those who are mentally, orally, and physically unfit, those ho are likely to become a public 5, 1917, was | harge, anarchists and others oppos- c ed to organized government and who hold doctrines subversive to law and good order. It, together with the introduction of the literary test in 1907, formed a compiete and favorable barrier to undesirables. But with the influx of ts to this country following the World war there was urgent need that a law be passed to limit the number of persons eligible for admission. The principle necessity for this was to prevent an overflow of labor, that could not be employed in the un- stableness and depression of business and industry which was an inevit- able result of the war. Hence the law of May 1921 was passed, which embodied what has become known as the quota principle. Under its pro- visions the number of aliens of a given nationality admissible during a fiscal year was limited to 3 per cent of the number of foreign-born persons of such nationality resident in the United States as determined by the census of 1910. The number of immigrants admis- sible under this law for a fiscal year was but 357,800, not including Can- ada, Mexico, or ary of the Central or South American republics, which were not placed on a quota basis. Despite this restriction unemploy- ment continued to be a national prob- lem, and the large number of in- coming aliens could not be satisfac- torily absorbed. In view of the fact that this law did not effectively cope with the situation to the extent de- sired, a bill was passed in 1924 which limited the total number of quota immigrants to a minimum of 100 from the various countries, and in addition thereto 2 per cent of the number of foreign born individuals of a particular nationality resident in the United States as determined by the census of 1890. The changed factors in this law from that of 1921 in arriving at the number of admis- sible immigrants was, first, that of substituting for the census of 1910 that of 1890, and second, of chang- ing the rate from 3 per cent to 2 per cent. The effect of this change was to reduce the number of immi- grants admissible each year from countries outside the Western Hem- isphere to 161,983, against the prev- ious annual quota of 357,800. And with this law came our coun- try’'s first policy of discrimination. The 1890 census was the first in which nationalities were developed. Up to that time most of the immi- gration had come from northern Europe and Great Britain. Hence in this census there was more peo- ple from these c.untries than from the rest of the world. Therefore, using this as a basis to determine the various quotas would permit a greater number of people to come from those countries. The immigra- tion from southern Europe has only come largely in the last three or four decades. One may readily per- ceive that using a later census from which to figure the percentage would permit a greater number of immigrants to come from the latter countries in turn. So the policy of this plan was to restrict immigra- tion from southern Europe. At the time the 1924 law was be- ing propounded it was a question as to whether the above plan would he used. There was mention made of a national-origins law which con- tained the 1920 census as a quota basis. But it was pointed out by Dr. Joseph B. Hill, a census would not be an accurate basis as the fig- ures contained therein had not been checked. Hence the national-origins bill, which, incidentally, was sub- mitted by Senator Reed of Pennsyi- vania was laid aside from year to year until it was finally passed by Congress in the fall of 1929, to re- place the previous provision. While the present provision limits the number of European immigrants to about 150,000 annually, an aver- age of 70,000 immigrants from Can- ada and 50,000 immigrants from Mexico have been coming into the United States each year. Although there is sufficient reason for a mod- erate open door policy on our north- ern boundary, the Canadians being of our own white stock and largely on the same cultural plane, the same is not true of the Mexican, who is of a different heritage and tempera- ment altogehter. This in itself would not be a great objection if the Mexican immigrant to this country was of the better class and higher social level. On the contrary the aliens from the south have been and continue to be mostly peons, who have no definite heritage, but through extensive intermarriage and racial intercourse are neither. white, negro, nor Indian, but a mixture of the three. This Mexican immigrant rests on the false view that it is needed to support certain industries in the Southwest, mainly of an agricultural nature, in spite of the fact that Con- gress has had to appropriate $500, 1 000,000 to protect and relieve farm- ers against surplus crops and price | shortages, in part due to the em- | ployment by farm corporations of | cheap labor from Mexico and the resulting tendency to operate on a !large scale with increased produc- tion. This, however, is only the economic aspect of this type of un- | restricted immigration; the social | problem is just as serious if not more so from a future view-point. | These people are needed far more lin Mexico than they are in the | United State. In fact there is an | abundances of information to show |that we do not require their serv- {ices in this coun at all, and the present Mexican vernment is of- | fering every inducement to keep them at home. If the remedy for | this northward migration should be |the quota plan, it would be limited | to approximately 1500 a year. While | this would be a great decrease from | opponents of any measure in this di- | rection, since the present quota for Austria whence have come many of {our best scientists and artists is only 1,413; the quota for Denmark is but 1,181; the annual number of immigrants from Switzerland is limited to 870; Rumania's quota is | 380; and that for Belgium is only |260. These countries and many j other had much larger quotas pri¢! WILL NOT MAKE CHECK OF AUTOS UNTIL NEXT YEAR. There will be no fall motor ve- hicle inspection this year, Benjamin G. Eynon, commissioner of motor ve- hicles, has announced. The amended vehicle code as ap- proved by Governor Gifford Pinchot abolishes official headlight adjusting stations and official brake testing stations of the annual inspection campaigns. These distinct types of stations will be replaced by stations designated “Official Inspection Sta- tions” which will perform the func- tions of those they . This section of the code does not become effective until January 1, 1932. Persons desiring to qualify their place of business as official motor vehicle inspection stations will be required by the Department of Rev- enue to pass rigid tests before a Suit ineate of appointment will be is- sued. The department is not making ap- pointments now nor is it considering applications for appointments, Com- missioner Eynon said. Proper no- tification will be given as to the time the department will receive ap- plications. The new stations will have the sare authority to issue headlight and brake certificates as did the old ones. In addition they will also serve as inspection stations during the periodical compulsory inspection campaigns. Th.y will make correc- tions, adjustments and repairs and inspect all safety equipment on mo- tor vehicles, trailers and semi-trail- ers. While appointments are to be per- manent, Commissioner Eynon made it clear that this permanency remains only as long as the station meets the requirements set down by the Department of Revenue. Persons desiring to operate an official inspec- tion station will be required to ap- ply to the Department of Revenue for a certificate of appointment on forms furnished by the department. Separate applications will be requir- ed for each place of business to be operated by the applicant. It is proposed to district the State in such a manner that department representatives will have a specified number of stations under their con- stant supervision. “We propose to keep a constant check on all sta- tions,” Commissioner Eynon said. “The interests of the motoring pub- lic, as well as that of the stations, will be safeguarded in every possible way." RURAL CHURCH CHOIRS TO SING FOR PRIZES. Seven choirs and choruses have entered the rural choir and chorus contest which is to be staged dur- ing the exposition sponsored by the Pennsylvania Potato Growers’ As- sociation, at State College, August 24, 25, and 26. Prizes amounting to $350 have been set aside for the competition. Of this amount the winning choir or chorus will receive a prize of $100. The next four prize winners will receive $80, $60, $40, and $20 respectively. An additional $25 pre- muim has been offered to the choir or chorus coming the greatest dis- tance tu enter the contest. A simi- lar prize has been offered to the choir or chorus which has the great- est number of participants. Each choir or chorus will be re- quired to sing “Swanee River,” com- monly known as “Old Folks at Home,” and a song of it's own choice. SEEK MORE USES OF NATURAL GAS New uses for natural gas, flowing from the earth at the rate of tril- lions cubic feet annually, are being sought by the experiment station of the United States Bureau of Mines of Oklahoma. Among the products already be- ing derived from natural gas, itself a by-product of crude oil production, are es, moth balls, motor fuels, explosives, alcohols, dyes, in- secticides, anesthetics, acetylene and artificial rubber. Once allowed to blow free, toda, the gas not only brings the oil to the surface, but also is useful in producing heat,” power and light. It yields gasoline under treatment. The experiment station is concern- ed particularly with the pyrol of natural gas, or its decomposition in- to carbon and hydrogen. Both have commercial uses, while other by- products can be utilized profitably. From a school examination paper. Question: * y are the Turks considered brave?" Answer: “Because a man with two wives will face death more willingly than a man with one.” to the passage of the present immi- gration law. That Mexican immigration will eventually be placed on a more de- finite restrictive basis is inevitable. With a rapidly increas American population that in itself creates a vital problem, the welfare of the U. S. cannot be ignored to the point of allowing thousands of aliens to come into the country to provide another, ad greater source of disturbance, many of whom have no intention of Y decorative accessory. FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN. DAILY THOUGHT Have you noticed the grass where some careless driver got out of the road? It (is trying to struggle up in the ruts. —Divided skirts for sports and in- door wear are being introduced. Whether will become gen- erally adopted remains to be seen.’ One style is to hide the dividing line by a down the back, so that the divided effect is only evi- dent in front. The general effect is feminine and graceful and not nearly as mannish as the knickers women wore a few years ago. —Ears are definitely back in the style picture again. If yours are too large let some of your hair droop across them. But don't bury | your ears under hair. . The lobe of the ear is part of your facial ensemble. Use a touch of rouge on the lobe but make sure it tones with your cheek rouge. The custom of earrings is | an old and primitive one. Some sizes of ears do not look well in ear- rings. Other faces have a contour that isn't adapted to them. You must study your own problem and decide if you can, or cannot wear earrings, and if you can, which type will do things for you. Heavy earrings are unwise, al- ways, as they pull down the soft lobes of your ears in a manner that is' decidedly ugly. —Handkerchiefs are one of the ways to get the fashionable color contrast into the costume. A bright red handkerchief is carried with a white dress when some other ac- cessory is red. Or a white hand- kerchief with a printed design in bright red—or whatever the chosen accessory color. i And this goes for evening cos- tumes as well as for sports and day- time. A large chiffon handkerchief | to match your evening slippers is smart, when the slippers contrast with the dress. Sports handkerchiefs are larger than ordinary daytime ones. Six- teen or 18 inches square is the pop- ular size. Formal afternoon and eve- handkerchiefs of chiffon are large, too, 14 to 16 inches square. The largest handkerchief we've seen was originally designed by Patou and is 40 inches square! It's a very dashing affair of chiffon with large triangles of contrasting color set into opposite corners. You can use such a handkerchief for a scarf or a girdle, as well as for a decorative handkerchief. In fact, many of the large sports hand- kerchiefs can be u this way, too, and a pair of them—one around the hat and the other around the waist is effective. All kinds of prints are in fashion for sports handkerchiefs. Plaids, flowers, leaves and amusing scenes, symbolic of the sport you're about to indulge in. The motor boat de- sign illustrated, for instance, surely belongs with a sea-going costume, & but not with a tennis-playing cos- tume. With those dainty afternoon dresses of eyelet or chiffon, the white linen handkerchief with lace edge, and. about .10 inches square, is as lovely as anything. White hand- kerchiefs, too, go smartly with the dark costume that has white acces- sories. —Like the handkerchief, the belt has attained new fashion importance since the fashion for color arrived. A belt wardrobe sounds imposing, doesn’t it—but just the same, it's practical. With one white dress, many different belts can be worn, at different times, entirely changing the look of the dress. A very wide one of bright color- ed patent leather today —tomorrow a not-so-wide one in three different colors of leather. The next timea woven string be.. that matches your crocheted string beret. And so on, wilh as many changes as you ike. - Belts of cellophane straw are fine Yiey the hat is of the same mater- calf handbag or shoes. | Of course the belt isn't merely a It's neces- sary in these days of indicated waist- lines. And they're worn with dress: es, suits, jacke the color and you will. -—There is probably no one article which is the foundation of more dishes than is white sauce. If you do not know how to make it easily and well, you should apply yourself to that task at once amd master it thoroughly since the success of much | of your cooking may depcad on the quay of white sauce you can make. te sauce presents a variety of Wass to inveigle milk into the diet, tummies, of your loved ones. ‘There is no more valuable food and regulator than milk, which your family is likely to tire of soon and to rebel against. Many soups are simply white sauce plus a puree of some vege- table. Creamed salmon, creamed dried beef, and creamed meats are | white sauce with other ingredients added. Creamed toast is white sauce added to toast. Many delicate desserts are white sauce plus sugar, egg and flavoring. White sauce is the backbone of escallops, croquet- "A calf belt might match your § and coats, varying [Jf material as often as § securing final citizenship papers. ‘tes, meat loaves and most other The need for legislation to cope with = ad Sala or by |Somblnsiton dishes, as well 9 Ma ‘the problem has been rec or bo salad dressing. ow ‘several years past. Secretary of La- | make it— bor Davis, in his 1927 annual report,| The quickest and simplest method stated: “The situation makes it im- is to blend, over the fire, two table- possible for the WU. S. to regulate spoons of butter and two tablespoons | the number of immigrants who may |of flour and add one cup of hot be admitted at a time when there is | milk and a teaspoon of salt, stirring abundant need for such regulation, constantly until the flour is cooked if we are to achieve and maintain and the white sauce thickened. Larg- an economically sound balance be- er quantities may be made in the tween labor demand and ay. | saie proportion. If the flour is The limitation of EUIohesn i gra- cooked with the butter too long be- tion has clearly proved to be a long fore tke hot milk is added it will step toward this desired and wholly not thicken the sauce and will be desirable end, but it seems obvious lumpy. that such a goal cannot be fully es- tablished and permanently maintain- ed so long as there are nearby | sources. from which millions of im- | m ts may come at any time they may choose to do so.” has been stirred smooth in cold wa- | | til smooth. In this method, the milk | should not be too hot when the flour The older method is to warm the ji milk and add to it the flour which ter or milk, stirring constantly i | 'is added, or the result A better method is to milk over the flour, stirred smoo! with cold liquid, and then return the method requires less co flour was milk was —We will do your job work right be lumpy. | the A kind-hearted gentleman, dog howling mournfully, in the animal's ailment. He found dog sitting calmly up- his haunches but still emitting agonized yelps. “What ails your dog?” he asked the hound’'s owner. “Oh, he's just lazy,” returned the owner unconcernedly. “But laziness won't make a dog howl.” “Yes, but the dog is sitting on & sandburr.” -——Subscribe for the Watchman. will | pour i 5 partly cooked before the added. THE GRANGE ENCAMPMENT | We offer our good wishes to the farmers, who, on August 22nd, will begin their annual encamp- ment at Centre Hall, and enjoy the interchange of ideas and the social life that the Camp affords. | We wonder if, in spiite of adverse conditions affecting agriculture, they do not find cause for con. gratulation. Notwithstanding small returns from labor and capital, of diminished incomes, they still have jobs. The dread spectre of unemployment or the total cutting off of the means of livelihood is not present. Compared to the industrial worker, even to many manufacturers or merchants, the farmer is fortunate. We believe the sensible farmer realizes this. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK BELLEFONTE, PA. i | COMFORT GUARANTEED. ¥ Baney’s Shoe Store § WILBUR H. BANEY, Proprietor J 80 years in the Business 3 BUSH ARCADE BLOCK ! BELLEFONTE, PA. i cep ——————————————————— ee I! f We Have on our Racks Exactly I 10 | Palm Beach | . Suits Here is a list of the “iH | if your size is here you can have them I | $5.00 a Suit, I It. will pay you to buy them at, this price, even if you do not, wear them un- til next, summer. They are at, | FAUBLE'S |
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers