Bellefonte, Pa., August 21, 1931
OMETHING ABOUT
ALIEN IMMIGRATION
Restrictions of immigrants to this
)untry has been a matter of some
mcern ever since the colonization
‘ the first Amercian settlers, and
18 developed with the passing years
to a national problem of great im-
rtance. It has been a subject of
uch Congressional debate and heat-
I discussion for the last decade,
1d is especially in a prominent po-
tion before the public at the pres-
it time because of pending legisla-
on intended to partly close the door
1 a virtually unrestricted influx of
iens from Mexico.
But while Senate and House com-
ittees have been investigating the
smplications of a suitable immigra-
on policy, and several of our states-
en have been engaged from time
time in introducing numerous bills
r more drastic restriction, it seems
© public as a whole is not interest-
| in this vital problem or that the
atter has been sufficiently promul-
ited for the average citizen's at-
ntion, for he is apparently content
sit by with an indifferent attitude
hile immigrants continue to pour
to the country at a surprising
te, while all has a tendency to
»od our labor market and thus ag-
-‘avate a serious unemployment sit-
ition, upset our economic balance,
id corrupt our social welfare. In
ort permitting too large a number
aliens to come into the United
ates each year is proving detri-
ental to the entire country. There-
re it would not appear inappropri-
e to review a few of the past com-
exities of this intricate question,
hich forms a partial basis of pres-
it conditions.
It is not necessary for us to delve
to our individual family histories to
jcertain that we are nearly all de-
endents of immigrants. Perhaps
e only original Americans were the
dians, who are so recognized be-
\use it has not been definitely es-
blished as to where they really did
yme from. From what history tells
; it seems even they had some idea
' a restrictive immigration policy
; repeatedly attempting to wipe
it the early settlements of the white
an—drastic in the extreme when it
as enforced, but eventually ineffec-
ve in accomplishing the desired end.
Further along in America's devel-
yment, several of the English col-
iies apparently faced a foreign in-
sion. the History of
olonial Immigration Laws, by E. E.
roper, an authority on the subject,
ie may find the following com-
ent: “The great influx of Germans
to the Middle States from 1700 to
150 raised problems which bave a
imiliar sound to those who have
dlowed the arguments on the im-
igration question of our own times.
ne immigration of foreigners into
ennsylvania became so great that
ie danger of its degenerating into a
reign colony was openly proclaim-
i, and for a few months in the
war 1729, the Quaker Province had
1 her statute book the most com-
‘ehensive anti-immigration act ever
issed in America, namely, a taxon
1 foreigners coming into the colony.
Reading further we find. “For a
sriod of several years, beginning
ith 1656, the record of the Mas-
wchusetts Bay Colony, and indeed all
' the New England colonies except
hode Island, are filled with legisla-
on designed to prevent the coming
* the Quakers and the spread of
ieir “accursed tenets.” Whippings,
aprisonment, banishment, and in a
'w instances capital punishment,
ere the order of the day.’ A few
ages long Mr. Proper says, “De-
site the fears and forebodings of the
nglish settlers no serious evils re-
ited from the body of foreigners
ho settled in Pennsylvania. They
roved to be industrious, faithful cit-
ens and loyal subjects.” How in-
y it all is. ‘The New Eng-.
.nd onies tried to prevent the
ming of the Quakers; the Quakers
i: turn attempted to discourage the
erman immigrants by levying a tax
2 them. Yet the combination has
ssulted in one of the finest States
i the Union.
Qur forefathers’ Declaration of In-
:pendence, and the ensuing strug-
le, placed immigration in the back-
round for a number of years, for
ymparatively few aliens came to
ie United States between the Rev-
utio! War period and about
330. ial statistics of immi-
ration begin with 1820 and in the
acade ending with 1829 only 128,-
)2 aliens, or an average of 12,850
onually, were admitted. In the
ext decade, 1830 to 1839, the num-
or admitted was 538,381, an annual
ve of 53,838. The ten years
ding with 1849 witnessed the first
:ally great immigration movement,
)r between the years 1840 to 1849
total of 1,427,337 entries were re-
yrded. This sudden rise being al-
ost entirely due to the exodus from
‘eland during the period of the po-
ito famine, and the be of
‘hat proved to be an extensive
wove from Germany. This great in-
cease came almast without warn-
1g, and continued rather steadily
)r about 40 years.
In 1880 the newer immigration
>mmenced to come to the United
tates. As the tide of aliens from
1e countries of northwest Europe
radually receded that from other
uropean countries began, and it in-
reased so rapidly that ina period
f 20 rs it reached upward of
000, annually, and continued at
bout the same rate upto the out-
reak of the World war. All these
‘ere absorbed, however, without
ny great difficulty, and it was not
ntil several years later that a need
‘as felt for legislation to cope with
1e situation.
The act of Februa
nd is known as the ¢ immigra-
on law and is in its essential na-
ire a selective immigration law. It
iminates those who are mentally,
orally, and physically unfit, those
ho are likely to become a public
5, 1917, was
| harge, anarchists and others oppos-
c
ed to organized government and
who hold doctrines subversive to law
and good order. It, together with
the introduction of the literary test
in 1907, formed a compiete and
favorable barrier to undesirables.
But with the influx of ts
to this country following the World
war there was urgent need that a
law be passed to limit the number
of persons eligible for admission.
The principle necessity for this was
to prevent an overflow of labor, that
could not be employed in the un-
stableness and depression of business
and industry which was an inevit-
able result of the war. Hence the
law of May 1921 was passed, which
embodied what has become known as
the quota principle. Under its pro-
visions the number of aliens of a
given nationality admissible during
a fiscal year was limited to 3 per
cent of the number of foreign-born
persons of such nationality resident
in the United States as determined
by the census of 1910.
The number of immigrants admis-
sible under this law for a fiscal year
was but 357,800, not including Can-
ada, Mexico, or ary of the Central
or South American republics, which
were not placed on a quota basis.
Despite this restriction unemploy-
ment continued to be a national prob-
lem, and the large number of in-
coming aliens could not be satisfac-
torily absorbed. In view of the fact
that this law did not effectively cope
with the situation to the extent de-
sired, a bill was passed in 1924
which limited the total number of
quota immigrants to a minimum of
100 from the various countries, and
in addition thereto 2 per cent of the
number of foreign born individuals
of a particular nationality resident
in the United States as determined
by the census of 1890. The changed
factors in this law from that of 1921
in arriving at the number of admis-
sible immigrants was, first, that of
substituting for the census of 1910
that of 1890, and second, of chang-
ing the rate from 3 per cent to 2
per cent. The effect of this change
was to reduce the number of immi-
grants admissible each year from
countries outside the Western Hem-
isphere to 161,983, against the prev-
ious annual quota of 357,800.
And with this law came our coun-
try’'s first policy of discrimination.
The 1890 census was the first in
which nationalities were developed.
Up to that time most of the immi-
gration had come from northern
Europe and Great Britain. Hence
in this census there was more peo-
ple from these c.untries than from
the rest of the world. Therefore,
using this as a basis to determine
the various quotas would permit a
greater number of people to come
from those countries. The immigra-
tion from southern Europe has only
come largely in the last three or
four decades. One may readily per-
ceive that using a later census from
which to figure the percentage
would permit a greater number of
immigrants to come from the latter
countries in turn. So the policy of
this plan was to restrict immigra-
tion from southern Europe.
At the time the 1924 law was be-
ing propounded it was a question as
to whether the above plan would he
used. There was mention made of
a national-origins law which con-
tained the 1920 census as a quota
basis. But it was pointed out by
Dr. Joseph B. Hill, a census would
not be an accurate basis as the fig-
ures contained therein had not been
checked. Hence the national-origins
bill, which, incidentally, was sub-
mitted by Senator Reed of Pennsyi-
vania was laid aside from year to
year until it was finally passed by
Congress in the fall of 1929, to re-
place the previous provision.
While the present provision limits
the number of European immigrants
to about 150,000 annually, an aver-
age of 70,000 immigrants from Can-
ada and 50,000 immigrants from
Mexico have been coming into the
United States each year. Although
there is sufficient reason for a mod-
erate open door policy on our north-
ern boundary, the Canadians being of
our own white stock and largely on
the same cultural plane, the same is
not true of the Mexican, who is of
a different heritage and tempera-
ment altogehter. This in itself
would not be a great objection if
the Mexican immigrant to this
country was of the better class and
higher social level. On the contrary
the aliens from the south have been
and continue to be mostly peons, who
have no definite heritage, but through
extensive intermarriage and racial
intercourse are neither. white, negro,
nor Indian, but a mixture of the
three.
This Mexican immigrant rests on
the false view that it is needed to
support certain industries in the
Southwest, mainly of an agricultural
nature, in spite of the fact that Con-
gress has had to appropriate $500,
1 000,000 to protect and relieve farm-
ers against surplus crops and price
| shortages, in part due to the em-
| ployment by farm corporations of
| cheap labor from Mexico and the
resulting tendency to operate on a
!large scale with increased produc-
tion. This, however, is only the
economic aspect of this type of un-
| restricted immigration; the social
| problem is just as serious if not
more so from a future view-point.
| These people are needed far more
lin Mexico than they are in the
| United State. In fact there is an
| abundances of information to show
|that we do not require their serv-
{ices in this coun at all, and the
present Mexican vernment is of-
| fering every inducement to keep
them at home. If the remedy for
| this northward migration should be
|the quota plan, it would be limited
| to approximately 1500 a year. While
| this would be a great decrease from
| opponents of any measure in this di-
| rection, since the present quota for
Austria whence have come many of
{our best scientists and artists is
only 1,413; the quota for Denmark
is but 1,181; the annual number of
immigrants from Switzerland is
limited to 870; Rumania's quota is
| 380; and that for Belgium is only
|260. These countries and many
j other had much larger quotas pri¢!
WILL NOT MAKE CHECK OF
AUTOS UNTIL NEXT YEAR.
There will be no fall motor ve-
hicle inspection this year, Benjamin
G. Eynon, commissioner of motor ve-
hicles, has announced.
The amended vehicle code as ap-
proved by Governor Gifford Pinchot
abolishes official headlight adjusting
stations and official brake testing
stations of the annual inspection
campaigns. These distinct types of
stations will be replaced by stations
designated “Official Inspection Sta-
tions” which will perform the func-
tions of those they . This
section of the code does not become
effective until January 1, 1932.
Persons desiring to qualify their
place of business as official motor
vehicle inspection stations will be
required by the Department of Rev-
enue to pass rigid tests before a
Suit ineate of appointment will be is-
sued.
The department is not making ap-
pointments now nor is it considering
applications for appointments, Com-
missioner Eynon said. Proper no-
tification will be given as to the
time the department will receive ap-
plications.
The new stations will have the
sare authority to issue headlight
and brake certificates as did the old
ones. In addition they will also
serve as inspection stations during
the periodical compulsory inspection
campaigns. Th.y will make correc-
tions, adjustments and repairs and
inspect all safety equipment on mo-
tor vehicles, trailers and semi-trail-
ers.
While appointments are to be per-
manent, Commissioner Eynon made
it clear that this permanency remains
only as long as the station meets
the requirements set down by the
Department of Revenue. Persons
desiring to operate an official inspec-
tion station will be required to ap-
ply to the Department of Revenue
for a certificate of appointment on
forms furnished by the department.
Separate applications will be requir-
ed for each place of business to be
operated by the applicant.
It is proposed to district the State
in such a manner that department
representatives will have a specified
number of stations under their con-
stant supervision. “We propose to
keep a constant check on all sta-
tions,” Commissioner Eynon said.
“The interests of the motoring pub-
lic, as well as that of the stations,
will be safeguarded in every possible
way."
RURAL CHURCH CHOIRS
TO SING FOR PRIZES.
Seven choirs and choruses have
entered the rural choir and chorus
contest which is to be staged dur-
ing the exposition sponsored by the
Pennsylvania Potato Growers’ As-
sociation, at State College, August
24, 25, and 26.
Prizes amounting to $350 have
been set aside for the competition.
Of this amount the winning choir
or chorus will receive a prize of
$100. The next four prize winners
will receive $80, $60, $40, and $20
respectively. An additional $25 pre-
muim has been offered to the choir
or chorus coming the greatest dis-
tance tu enter the contest. A simi-
lar prize has been offered to the
choir or chorus which has the great-
est number of participants.
Each choir or chorus will be re-
quired to sing “Swanee River,” com-
monly known as “Old Folks at
Home,” and a song of it's own
choice.
SEEK MORE USES
OF NATURAL GAS
New uses for natural gas, flowing
from the earth at the rate of tril-
lions cubic feet annually, are being
sought by the experiment station of
the United States Bureau of Mines of
Oklahoma.
Among the products already be-
ing derived from natural gas, itself
a by-product of crude oil production,
are es, moth balls, motor
fuels, explosives, alcohols, dyes, in-
secticides, anesthetics, acetylene and
artificial rubber.
Once allowed to blow free, toda,
the gas not only brings the oil to
the surface, but also is useful in
producing heat,” power and light. It
yields gasoline under treatment.
The experiment station is concern-
ed particularly with the pyrol of
natural gas, or its decomposition in-
to carbon and hydrogen. Both have
commercial uses, while other by-
products can be utilized profitably.
From a school examination paper.
Question: * y are the Turks
considered brave?"
Answer: “Because a man with two
wives will face death more willingly
than a man with one.”
to the passage of the present immi-
gration law.
That Mexican immigration will
eventually be placed on a more de-
finite restrictive basis is inevitable.
With a rapidly increas American
population that in itself creates a
vital problem, the welfare of the U.
S. cannot be ignored to the point of
allowing thousands of aliens to come
into the country to provide another,
ad greater source of disturbance,
many of whom have no intention of
Y decorative accessory.
FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN.
DAILY THOUGHT
Have you noticed the grass where some
careless driver got out of the road? It
(is trying to struggle up in the ruts.
—Divided skirts for sports and in-
door wear are being introduced.
Whether will become gen-
erally adopted remains to be seen.’
One style is to hide the dividing
line by a down the back, so
that the divided effect is only evi-
dent in front. The general effect
is feminine and graceful and not
nearly as mannish as the knickers
women wore a few years ago.
—Ears are definitely back in the
style picture again. If yours are
too large let some of your hair
droop across them. But don't bury
| your ears under hair. .
The lobe of the ear is part of
your facial ensemble. Use a touch
of rouge on the lobe but make sure
it tones with your cheek rouge.
The custom of earrings is |
an old and primitive one. Some
sizes of ears do not look well in ear-
rings. Other faces have a contour
that isn't adapted to them. You
must study your own problem and
decide if you can, or cannot wear
earrings, and if you can, which type
will do things for you.
Heavy earrings are unwise, al-
ways, as they pull down the soft
lobes of your ears in a manner that
is' decidedly ugly.
—Handkerchiefs are one of the
ways to get the fashionable color
contrast into the costume. A bright
red handkerchief is carried with a
white dress when some other ac-
cessory is red. Or a white hand-
kerchief with a printed design in
bright red—or whatever the chosen
accessory color. i
And this goes for evening cos-
tumes as well as for sports and day-
time. A large chiffon handkerchief |
to match your evening slippers is
smart, when the slippers contrast
with the dress.
Sports handkerchiefs are larger
than ordinary daytime ones. Six-
teen or 18 inches square is the pop-
ular size. Formal afternoon and eve-
handkerchiefs of chiffon are
large, too, 14 to 16 inches square.
The largest handkerchief we've
seen was originally designed by
Patou and is 40 inches square! It's
a very dashing affair of chiffon with
large triangles of contrasting color
set into opposite corners.
You can use such a handkerchief
for a scarf or a girdle, as well as
for a decorative handkerchief. In
fact, many of the large sports hand-
kerchiefs can be u this way, too,
and a pair of them—one around the
hat and the other around the waist
is effective.
All kinds of prints are in fashion
for sports handkerchiefs. Plaids,
flowers, leaves and amusing scenes,
symbolic of the sport you're about
to indulge in. The motor boat de-
sign illustrated, for instance, surely
belongs with a sea-going costume, &
but not with a tennis-playing cos-
tume.
With those dainty afternoon
dresses of eyelet or chiffon, the
white linen handkerchief with lace
edge, and. about .10 inches square, is
as lovely as anything. White hand-
kerchiefs, too, go smartly with the
dark costume that has white acces-
sories.
—Like the handkerchief, the belt
has attained new fashion importance
since the fashion for color arrived.
A belt wardrobe sounds imposing,
doesn’t it—but just the same, it's
practical. With one white dress,
many different belts can be worn,
at different times, entirely changing
the look of the dress.
A very wide one of bright color-
ed patent leather today —tomorrow
a not-so-wide one in three different
colors of leather. The next timea
woven string be.. that matches your
crocheted string beret. And so on,
wilh as many changes as you ike. -
Belts of cellophane straw are fine
Yiey the hat is of the same mater-
calf handbag or shoes. |
Of course the belt isn't merely a
It's neces-
sary in these days of indicated waist-
lines. And they're worn with dress:
es, suits, jacke
the color and
you will.
-—There is probably no one article
which is the foundation of more
dishes than is white sauce. If you
do not know how to make it easily
and well, you should apply yourself
to that task at once amd master it
thoroughly since the success of much |
of your cooking may depcad on the
quay of white sauce you can make.
te sauce presents a variety of
Wass to inveigle milk into the diet,
tummies, of your loved ones.
‘There is no more valuable food and
regulator than milk, which your
family is likely to tire of soon and
to rebel against.
Many soups are simply white
sauce plus a puree of some vege-
table. Creamed salmon, creamed
dried beef, and creamed meats are
| white sauce with other ingredients
added. Creamed toast is white
sauce added to toast. Many delicate
desserts are white sauce plus sugar,
egg and flavoring. White sauce is
the backbone of escallops, croquet-
"A calf belt might match your §
and coats, varying [Jf
material as often as §
securing final citizenship papers.
‘tes, meat loaves and most other
The need for legislation to cope with
= ad Sala or by |Somblnsiton dishes, as well 9 Ma
‘the problem has been rec or bo salad dressing. ow
‘several years past. Secretary of La- | make it—
bor Davis, in his 1927 annual report,| The quickest and simplest method
stated: “The situation makes it im- is to blend, over the fire, two table-
possible for the WU. S. to regulate spoons of butter and two tablespoons
| the number of immigrants who may |of flour and add one cup of hot
be admitted at a time when there is | milk and a teaspoon of salt, stirring
abundant need for such regulation, constantly until the flour is cooked
if we are to achieve and maintain and the white sauce thickened. Larg-
an economically sound balance be- er quantities may be made in the
tween labor demand and ay. | saie proportion. If the flour is
The limitation of EUIohesn i gra- cooked with the butter too long be-
tion has clearly proved to be a long fore tke hot milk is added it will
step toward this desired and wholly not thicken the sauce and will be
desirable end, but it seems obvious lumpy.
that such a goal cannot be fully es-
tablished and permanently maintain-
ed so long as there are nearby
| sources. from which millions of im-
| m ts may come at any time they
may choose to do so.”
has been stirred smooth in cold wa- |
| til smooth. In this method, the milk
| should not be too hot when the flour
The older method is to warm the ji
milk and add to it the flour which
ter or milk, stirring constantly i |
'is added, or the result
A better method is to
milk over the flour, stirred smoo!
with cold liquid, and then return the
method requires less co
flour was
milk was
—We will do your job work right
be lumpy. |
the
A kind-hearted gentleman,
dog howling mournfully,
in the animal's ailment.
He found dog sitting calmly up-
his haunches but still emitting
agonized yelps.
“What ails your dog?” he asked
the hound’'s owner.
“Oh, he's just lazy,” returned the
owner unconcernedly.
“But laziness won't make a dog
howl.”
“Yes, but the dog is sitting on &
sandburr.”
-——Subscribe for the Watchman.
will |
pour i
5
partly cooked before the
added.
THE GRANGE ENCAMPMENT |
We offer our good wishes to the farmers, who,
on August 22nd, will begin their annual encamp-
ment at Centre Hall, and enjoy the interchange of
ideas and the social life that the Camp affords. |
We wonder if, in spiite of adverse conditions
affecting agriculture, they do not find cause for con.
gratulation.
Notwithstanding small returns from labor and
capital, of diminished incomes, they still have jobs.
The dread spectre of unemployment or the total
cutting off of the means of livelihood is not present.
Compared to the industrial worker, even to many
manufacturers or merchants, the farmer is fortunate.
We believe the sensible farmer realizes this.
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
BELLEFONTE, PA.
i
|
COMFORT GUARANTEED. ¥
Baney’s Shoe Store §
WILBUR H. BANEY, Proprietor J
80 years in the Business 3
BUSH ARCADE BLOCK !
BELLEFONTE, PA. i
cep ——————————————————— ee
I!
f
We Have on our Racks Exactly I
10 |
Palm Beach |
. Suits
Here is a list of the “iH
|
if your size is here you can have them I
|
$5.00 a Suit, I
It. will pay you to buy them at, this
price, even if you do not, wear them un-
til next, summer.
They are at, |
FAUBLE'S |