POT and PEARL ASHES. TO THE PUBLIC. HAVING attended carefully to the result of several comparative expe riments, which were made to ascertain the nature and merits of Samuel Hop kins process for manufa£tui ing pearl ashes r>r calfined alkaline falls, we are of opini on, that by his method wood ashes may be made to yield 3 quantity of pearl arties of a very fine white colour, equal in weight and strength to the black or un calfined alkaline salts which are obtained by the ordinary method of leaching and boiling down the black leys, so that the manufadlorer who adopts this method, will probably gain all the weight which is loft by the ordinary process of callining, and may effect the calfination in a much easier manner. We also examined a fur nace eiefted according to the directions of Samuel Hopkins, and were present during part of a process, which was con ducted in it, and believe it to be so happi ly construed as to effect the calfination of wood ashes, and evaporate the ley# with out more fuel than is used to boil down the leys only by the common method. * David Rittenboufe. f Benjamin Rujh. J James Huclinfan. Benjamin Say. II C "/ Per Wijicr, jun. John Peninglon. June 17, 1793. In addition to the foregoing certificate I conceive it proper to inform the public in what refpeft my process differs from the nfual method, and to offer some direc tions to such as may incline to adopt it. l(t, This proceis consists in calfining common house or field ashes in a furnace of a peculiar conftrudtion so contrived, that the fame fiie that boils down the leys calfines the allies; hence it appears there is not a greater consumption of wood in this new procefsthan is necefTary in the former, in obtaining black salts, and the ashes from the wood for boiling saved, which was before much loft, occa sioned by the strong draught necefTary to keep the kettles boiling. 2d. It is recommended to such as may adopt this method, to pay patticular at tention to the firft part of the process, viz. calfining the ashes properly ; for this being carefully performed, the fubfeqnent steps become easy and less liable to fail. 3d. 1 he ashes should be spread over the hearth of the furnace not more than one inch and half thick, direst a lively blaze on them until they become red hot, keeping them frequently fturred, and the dampers well closed. 4th. In order that the workman mav know when his ashes are fufficiently burnt until he becomes enough perfect in the business, from other circumstances a small parcel may be taken out and put in a glass with water, if the ashes fettle quick ly after fturring them, and the leys ap pear colourless, they are ht for drawing into the ash pit j if they arecalfined lon ger the quantity may be diminished. sth. After the fires begin to burn ev ery part of the furnace should be kept as close as poflible, the door of the alh pit and hearth, and that for introducing the ashes on the hearth (hould be made to shut complete, for I have reason to be lieve a great draught of ait carries off much of the salts. 6th. Great care should be taken not to. put more allies into the furnace than I have direded above, it has been found by experiments that when much more have been put in ; »'ie salts are not so white nor the quantity so great, I believe it was for want of attention to this circum stance and allowing too great a draught of air, that some who attempted my pro cess have not been foiuccefsful as was ex pefled. 7th. The aihes are drawn from the alh pit the next day after calfining and put. into leach tubs the leys drawn from them aftet fettling are boiled down, the salts kept well fturred in hni/hing off, un til they become perfe&ly white. Bth. If the salts should not become the colour as ia deferibed in the firft in fiance, thro' an imperfetf calcination, they may be diflolved, fettled, and boiled down again. The advantage arising from this pro cess may be comprised under the follow ing heads. i ft. By calfining the allies before the leys are drawn from them, we obtain as great a quantity at lcaft of pearl ashes, as of common black salts ; pearl ashes ge» ncral!y fells when at maiket, £-$o per ton, the iiighell price for black falls is £.25 pei ton, and if converted into pearl ashes, it requires as much more labour and ruel as in the tirfl instance, and a Jof6 from 25 to 30 per cent. The foregoing observations are inten ded for such as are or may be engaged in the manufa&oring of pot and pearl ashes, they will easily undetftand the terms I * President of the American Philofo phical Society. f Profeffor of the Inditution and Clinical Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, formerly Profeffor of Chi miftry. J Profeffor of Chemistry in the Uni versity. || Adjunct Profeffor of Anatomy, Su rgery, &c. in the University, formerly Profeffor of Cliemiftry in the College. The two othets whose names are with out references, are Phyficiansof this city, have employed ; for the information of o thers it may not be amiss to explain wha is meant by black salts, pot ashes, ant pearl ashes. 2d. Black salts are made by boiling down the leys from common wood ashes, until they aie perfectly dry. 3d. PoTafhea are made by melting the black salts in a very strong fire and lading it out into coolers. 4th. Pearl ashes are made by putting the black salts into a furnace prepared fcr the purpose, and throwing a strong blaze on them ; this operation is called scorch ing, they are then diflolved in water, fet tled and boiled down again, returned back into the furnace and calfined until they are fufficiently white : Pot ashes made from calfined ashes are allowed tobe much superior to those made in the com mon mode. I expect the names and characters of most of my fellow citizens that have signed the foregoing certificate are well known ; they are allowed to be well ac quainted with chemistry ; a furnace was erected for one of them who kindly un dertook to make the necefTary compara tive experiments, according to my direc tions } the result of which is already set forth. SAMUEL HOPKINS. 6th Mo, 2 2d, 1793. I do hereby certify, that I have erected a small furnace, in the suburbs of this ci ty, on the patent method, for the pur pose of manufa&uring pot and pearl ash es, which I find to consume on an aver age no more than one cord of wood per week ; two hands will calfcin 20 bushels of allies per day, and bail down the leys therefrom in the fame time, which if well calcined will produce pearl alh the firft boiling. The leys are not so apt to boil over as those in the common method The fxpence of the said furnace, exclu sive of the boilers, did not exceed ten pounds currency. JOHN REES. TO THE PUBLIC. THE Eft 1 tofc proposes to continue the publication of the Gazettf. of the United States , Jor di/lant circulation, after the Jirfi of December next, on the following terms, viz. It Jhall be publijhed on Wednesdays and Saturdays, on paper of the Medium fizc—which is larger than the piefent. The price, Three Dollars per annum, exclusive of postage. Subfcrtptiom to be received by the re/ieClive Pcft- Majlers throughout the Unionor fuh other pafons as may fee proper to collcEl them. S The papers to he forwarded by pofi twice a aerh. packets to contain lef than s■ x hob,* <-and *. fubfcripttoni to be received for a lefi term than fix months.—Payments to be constantly Kx months in advance. Twenty per cnt. deduMonfrom the price «/_/*< Gazitti, wil/be allowed to those who col. leEi and forward the fubfeription monev, free of ex. Penfe, in full of all charges for their trouble in tfe Dujinejf, The publication will contain a, usual, a variety of tngtnal f ]J<,y S -J„reign and domrft, c intelligent °f">< L'gfctuu l .H. %'■ &c - Attention mill be paid to d, [patch,ng the fibers with punfluality, and Sub- J unc 8. I HL MEMBERS OF THE ~ insurance company of NORTH AMERICA, "> takt Notice, (h,,n n Conftuut ; on "quires Payment of m j ?i Z°" cach Sha,( \ on ihe Second of Fo V' Da> ' of J u 'y nfx, » " n Penalty of Fo.fenurc of the Money already paid. V cnnH C I 5'° c ,ders as have not ™de their fe. cond Instilment, 3re informed, that Paymfnt' Tin r Tk'v " tht ' Com P an V's Office, No said' ~ Front-Street, either on or befnte the D 3y ' "'* e _ v ma V find it most convenient. TuneS EBENFZEI * HAZARD, fo'rv. 1793. This Jay it puiliJheA, hj M A T H E VV C A R £ Y, No. 118, Maikrt-flrret, Philadelphia, No. VIII. of Guthrie's Geography, IMPROVtD, The terms of Subscription may be fcen in the proposals at lai ge. THIS valuable work will contain (exclujiue of the maps in tht London edition 179 2 ) maps of New-Hampshire, Maffachufetu, Con nedlicut, R. I (land, Vermont, N.York, N.Jer sey, Penniylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Vir ginia, Kentucky, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, Georgia, Switzerland, the Discoveries of Cap tains Cooke and Clerke, and the countries round the North Pole. Besides the great improvements in the Ame rican Geography, the accounts of France will be ex traded from the French Geography, pub lithed since the revolution ; the map of France will be engraved agreeably 10 the division into departments: the hiAory of Ru{fia, which, »n the London edition, is carried no farther than 1 775* is continued to the late execrable invalion of Poland by Catharine : the account of Swe den has been compiled anew, and numberless other improvements will be made in this edi tion. %* Subfcripiions are received by the book sellers in Boflon, New-York, Baltimore, Wil mington, Richmond, Charleston, See. See. J""* '?■ Hercule De Sercey, From Leogane, JJland of St. Domingo, MAKES and fells all forts of Mugs, Jacks, Porringers, Cups, Stew-Pans, Lamps, See. in Tin, plain or japanned —He also mends old tin work. As he works cheap, he hopes for the public encouragement. No. 23, Race.street, near Front-street. June 7.1. HERCULE DE SERCEY, DE Leogane, Isle de St. Dominque, travaille en ler Blanc, de toute forte de manieres a commande et a bon inarche. A Philadclphie, ce 22 Juin, 1793. No. 23, Race-street, pres Front-street. JUST PUBLISHED, By Thomas Dobfon, Book feller, at the Stone-House, in Second Jlreet, Philadelphia, » VOL UM E IX, OF ENCYCLOPAEDIA: OR, A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, and MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE, On a Plan entirely new BY WHICH The Different SCIENCES and ARTS are digellcd into the Form of Diflinft, TREATISES OR SYSTEMS: THIS VOLUME CONTAINS HYDROSTATICS, Hygrometer, History of Japan, I .eland, Jerusalem, Jews, India, InfefU, Insurance, Ireland, Italy, Kamfchatka, Knighthood, Language, Law, Legerdemain, with a great variety of Biographical and Mifcel- Janeous Articles.—llluflrated with thirty-one elegant Copperplates. CONDITIONS. I. The work is printing on a fuperfine paper, and new types, (cast for the purpose) which will be occasionally renewed before they con trast a worn appearance. 11. she work is furmlhed in boards, in volumes or half-volumes, as fubferibers chufe; the price of the whole volumes, five dollars each, of the half-volumes two dollars and two-thirds of a dollar each. Ten dollars to be paid on fub fcribmg, the volumes or half-volumes finifhed to be paid for when delivered, thepriceol one volume to be paid in advance, and the price of each succeeding volume to be paid on deliver ing the volume preceding it. No part of the work will be delivered unless paid for. 111. In the couife of the publication will be de. livered about five hundred copperplates ele gantly engraved in Philadelphia; which by far exceed in number those given in any other Icientific dictionary. At the dos? of the pub lication will be delivered an elegant fro'itif piece, the dedication, preface, and proper ti tle pages for the different volumes, It is expected the wo.k will be comprised in about eighteen volumes in quarto. The fubfeription will continue open on the above terms till the firft day of September next to give opportunity to those who are not yet fubferibers, to come forward. Thole who have subscribed, and got only a small part of the work, are requested to com. irk'i <" S ' i,hr as PuWiftied, as soon as poflible, as after the firft of next September, by which time the tenth volume is expe&ed to be ready, the publiftier will not consider hitnfelf bound to make up those setts which are not completed up to that period. Philadelphia, June 19, 1793. GENERAL POST-OFFICE Philadelphia, May 27, 1793. ' £00 Dollars Reward. W r?MTT S I ce " ain THOMAS SLOSS . OANTT, has lately made his r from ftiltimore- County Gaol, to which he was cornm.tted under ~ charge of having rubbed the Vori 1' u" 28th da V of last ■ h y S'" 0 ' that * rtwar ' i of five hundred dollars will be paid ,t thii Office ,0 any petfon orperfons wh° fhotl apprehend' the » ?<>"«" S'°f> Gem, and deliver him imo custody of the Keeper of the • theeuft dy of Qftbe Gaol or ,„, 0 answer the ha.ge C ° m ' ag '° TIMOTHY PICKERING, , PoJI-Majlcr General. BfTtiOMJijOWMN. DAVITS STUART,9c DANIEL CAR ROLL. Bfyitirei, C °'M^»" o,i ««».£< prepare the P«tWife «uMia K i, |tc. *uhin i ht Ch» of fftfltnam, far the reception of C 0.,. greft, itoi®foiTheir peritnant rt&deoce ificr the ytir 1800— A LOTTERY FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THtf Federal City. 50,000Ticketsat 7 dollars, arc 350.000 dollars LIST OF PRIZES, vi* 1 Superb Hotel, with bat)v&, > out houses, See.See. to coll ) 1 Caftt Prize I ditto 1 ditto j ditto 2 ditto 10 ditto 20 ditto 100 ditto 200 ditto 400 ditto 1,000 ditto 15,000 ditto 5,000 arc,, 1,000 s°° 100 50 *5 co 19 16,737 Prizes 33,263 Blanks j 0,000 By this scheme at leafl the amount of the tick, ets will return to the fortunate adventurers, arid yet the federal City will gam its object thereby tn a magnificent building designed both for pub lic and private convenience. Although some cxpence must neceff»rify at r tend the conducting of the lottery, (which ex pence will be taken from the principal prize) ike CommilConeis having agreed to prcfent m r«. turn a fufficient quantity of excellent free-Done, together with (he best adapted lots for the Hotel and for tht mit-hoofet, rtie value of-the entire may be fairly rated a; Jomething mart t£H par: Io tnis important inftonce it will lie found on examination, to exceed all ihe lotteries thai have ever been offered to the Public in this ,ir perhaps in any other counuy. The keys of the Hotel, when compleat, will be delivered to the fortunate poffeflor of the ticket drawn its number.—All the other prizes will be viiibtut dedaSlionJn me month ajter the diamtig, by the City Tireafurer at Walhingtnn, or at fo cjJ Bask or Banks as may be hereafter announce for thefionveniency of the fortunate advent^rrs. The drawing will commence on Monday thj 6th of Septembei next, at the City of Walhins tan. Tickets may be had of Col. ffi/t. Oieienj, City Treasurer of Washington ; Tha:er i 3 Birt'e:, of Charleston, South-Carolina ; Giison Dtftijon, Sa vannah ; Mcffrs. James Wtji £# Co. Baliimoie • Mr. Peter Gilfnan, Bolton j and at fiich ether places as will be hereafter publilhed. N. B. ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS will be given for the belt Plan of an elegani and i-oir, venient HOTEL or INN, with hot and cold Baths, Stables, and other nut houses, ifprefentd on or before the loth of April next -, and a pre. ference will be given 10 the Artist for a Con trail, provided he be duly qualified to compleat his plan. The ground on which the Hotel and out houses are to be erefied, will be a corner lot of about 90 by 200 feet, wiih a back avenue to the (tables, &c. Sefttons and eltimates of the expense will be cxpefted with the elevations, &c. compleat ; and 50,000 dollars mult be regarded by the ArchitcS asthe utmost limit in the exprnfe intended lor this P"rpofe. S. BLODGET, Agent for the affairs of the City. March 6, I7q,q. NOTICE. THE STOCKHOLDERS in the SOCIETY for ESTABLISHING USEFUL MANU FACTURES, are requclled to take notice, that the fourth and last payment is due, and trust be made on or before the 13th day of July next, either to the Cashier of the United States Bank Office of Discount and Deposit at Ni w-Ynrk— the Caihier of the Bank of New-York—the Cathier of the Bank of the United Slates in Phi- Udelpbu— or John B*y»rd, Etq. is thecnyc# * New-Brunfwick, in the state of New-jeifcy.— And that the (hares of a]) persons neglrflmg ty make such payment, and the monies by them previously paid, will then be forfeited for the common benefit of the said society. That the fubfenber is duly authorized to make the requisite indorfments upon the certificates of (hares, and that books of transfer are opened at his office in Front-street. NICHOLAS LOW. New-York, Juve 12, 1793. (epti3j) Albany Glafs-Houfe. The Proprietors of the Glafs-Manufa&ory, under the Firm of M'CLALLEN, M'GREGOR and Co. BEG leave to inform the public, that they have now brought their WINDOW-GLASS to such perfe£lion, as will be found, on comparifon r to be, equil, in quality, to the belt London Crown Glass. Having fixed their prices at a lower rate than imported Glass, they are induced to believe, that importations of this article will be discontinued, ,n proportion as their works arc extended.— They propose to enlarge the scale of this busi ness, and as the success of it will depend on the patriotic support of the public, they beg leave to lolicit their friendly patronage in the pursuit of a bianch which will intcreft every lover of American Manufactures. All orders for Window-Glass, of any size, will be received at the Store of Rhodes and MacGregor, No. 234, Queen-flreet, New- York, and at the Glass Wa-ehoufe, No. 48, Market-street, Albany, which will be punctually attended to. WANTED, fix smart a&ive LADS, not exceeding 16 vears of age, to be indented as Apprentices, and regularly inftru6led in the varibus branches of Glass-Making. Alfp, three Window-Glass Makers, to whom great encouragement will be given. May'i, 1793. epjsu S°,CQCr *5,000 »o,oco *5,000 10,OQ© 10,000 1 o,oo# lo.oqo 10,000 10,0 ve 10,00© J»o,o€>® »5 o .oo© Dollars 350,00 a
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