POT and PEARL ASHES.
TO THE PUBLIC.
HAVING attended carefully to the
result of several comparative expe
riments, which were made to ascertain
the nature and merits of Samuel Hop
kins process for manufa£tui ing pearl ashes
r>r calfined alkaline falls, we are of opini
on, that by his method wood ashes may
be made to yield 3 quantity of pearl arties
of a very fine white colour, equal in
weight and strength to the black or un
calfined alkaline salts which are obtained
by the ordinary method of leaching and
boiling down the black leys, so that the
manufadlorer who adopts this method,
will probably gain all the weight which is
loft by the ordinary process of callining,
and may effect the calfination in a much
easier manner. We also examined a fur
nace eiefted according to the directions
of Samuel Hopkins, and were present
during part of a process, which was con
ducted in it, and believe it to be so happi
ly construed as to effect the calfination of
wood ashes, and evaporate the ley# with
out more fuel than is used to boil down
the leys only by the common method.
* David Rittenboufe.
f Benjamin Rujh.
J James Huclinfan.
Benjamin Say.
II C "/ Per Wijicr, jun.
John Peninglon.
June 17, 1793.
In addition to the foregoing certificate
I conceive it proper to inform the public
in what refpeft my process differs from
the nfual method, and to offer some direc
tions to such as may incline to adopt it.
l(t, This proceis consists in calfining
common house or field ashes in a furnace
of a peculiar conftrudtion so contrived,
that the fame fiie that boils down the
leys calfines the allies; hence it appears
there is not a greater consumption of
wood in this new procefsthan is necefTary
in the former, in obtaining black salts,
and the ashes from the wood for boiling
saved, which was before much loft, occa
sioned by the strong draught necefTary to
keep the kettles boiling.
2d. It is recommended to such as may
adopt this method, to pay patticular at
tention to the firft part of the process,
viz. calfining the ashes properly ; for this
being carefully performed, the fubfeqnent
steps become easy and less liable to fail.
3d. 1 he ashes should be spread over
the hearth of the furnace not more than
one inch and half thick, direst a lively
blaze on them until they become red hot,
keeping them frequently fturred, and the
dampers well closed.
4th. In order that the workman mav
know when his ashes are fufficiently burnt
until he becomes enough perfect in the
business, from other circumstances a small
parcel may be taken out and put in a
glass with water, if the ashes fettle quick
ly after fturring them, and the leys ap
pear colourless, they are ht for drawing
into the ash pit j if they arecalfined lon
ger the quantity may be diminished.
sth. After the fires begin to burn ev
ery part of the furnace should be kept as
close as poflible, the door of the alh pit
and hearth, and that for introducing the
ashes on the hearth (hould be made to
shut complete, for I have reason to be
lieve a great draught of ait carries off
much of the salts.
6th. Great care should be taken not
to. put more allies into the furnace than I
have direded above, it has been found
by experiments that when much more
have been put in ; »'ie salts are not so white
nor the quantity so great, I believe it
was for want of attention to this circum
stance and allowing too great a draught
of air, that some who attempted my pro
cess have not been foiuccefsful as was ex
pefled.
7th. The aihes are drawn from the
alh pit the next day after calfining and
put. into leach tubs the leys drawn from
them aftet fettling are boiled down, the
salts kept well fturred in hni/hing off, un
til they become perfe&ly white.
Bth. If the salts should not become
the colour as ia deferibed in the firft in
fiance, thro' an imperfetf calcination,
they may be diflolved, fettled, and boiled
down again.
The advantage arising from this pro
cess may be comprised under the follow
ing heads.
i ft. By calfining the allies before the
leys are drawn from them, we obtain as
great a quantity at lcaft of pearl ashes,
as of common black salts ; pearl ashes ge»
ncral!y fells when at maiket, £-$o per
ton, the iiighell price for black falls is
£.25 pei ton, and if converted into pearl
ashes, it requires as much more labour
and ruel as in the tirfl instance, and a Jof6
from 25 to 30 per cent.
The foregoing observations are inten
ded for such as are or may be engaged in
the manufa&oring of pot and pearl ashes,
they will easily undetftand the terms I
* President of the American Philofo
phical Society.
f Profeffor of the Inditution and
Clinical Medicine in the University of
Pennsylvania, formerly Profeffor of Chi
miftry.
J Profeffor of Chemistry in the Uni
versity.
|| Adjunct Profeffor of Anatomy, Su
rgery, &c. in the University, formerly
Profeffor of Cliemiftry in the College.
The two othets whose names are with
out references, are Phyficiansof this city,
have employed ; for the information of o
thers it may not be amiss to explain wha
is meant by black salts, pot ashes, ant
pearl ashes.
2d. Black salts are made by boiling
down the leys from common wood ashes,
until they aie perfectly dry.
3d. PoTafhea are made by melting the
black salts in a very strong fire and lading
it out into coolers.
4th. Pearl ashes are made by putting
the black salts into a furnace prepared fcr
the purpose, and throwing a strong blaze
on them ; this operation is called scorch
ing, they are then diflolved in water, fet
tled and boiled down again, returned
back into the furnace and calfined until
they are fufficiently white : Pot ashes
made from calfined ashes are allowed tobe
much superior to those made in the com
mon mode.
I expect the names and characters of
most of my fellow citizens that have
signed the foregoing certificate are well
known ; they are allowed to be well ac
quainted with chemistry ; a furnace was
erected for one of them who kindly un
dertook to make the necefTary compara
tive experiments, according to my direc
tions } the result of which is already set
forth.
SAMUEL HOPKINS.
6th Mo, 2 2d, 1793.
I do hereby certify, that I have erected
a small furnace, in the suburbs of this ci
ty, on the patent method, for the pur
pose of manufa&uring pot and pearl ash
es, which I find to consume on an aver
age no more than one cord of wood per
week ; two hands will calfcin 20 bushels
of allies per day, and bail down the leys
therefrom in the fame time, which if well
calcined will produce pearl alh the firft
boiling. The leys are not so apt to boil
over as those in the common method
The fxpence of the said furnace, exclu
sive of the boilers, did not exceed ten
pounds currency.
JOHN REES.
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE Eft 1 tofc proposes to continue the
publication of the Gazettf. of the United
States , Jor di/lant circulation, after the Jirfi of
December next, on the following terms, viz.
It Jhall be publijhed on Wednesdays and
Saturdays, on paper of the Medium fizc—which
is larger than the piefent.
The price, Three Dollars per annum, exclusive
of postage.
Subfcrtptiom to be received by the re/ieClive Pcft-
Majlers throughout the Unionor fuh other pafons
as may fee proper to collcEl them. S
The papers to he forwarded by pofi twice a aerh.
packets to contain lef than s■ x hob,* <-and *.
fubfcripttoni to be received for a lefi term than fix
months.—Payments to be constantly Kx months in
advance. Twenty per cnt. deduMonfrom the price
«/_/*< Gazitti, wil/be allowed to those who col.
leEi and forward the fubfeription monev, free of ex.
Penfe, in full of all charges for their trouble in tfe
Dujinejf,
The publication will contain a, usual, a variety of
tngtnal f ]J<,y S -J„reign and domrft, c intelligent
°f">< L'gfctuu
l .H. %'■ &c - Attention mill be paid
to d, [patch,ng the fibers with punfluality, and Sub-
J unc 8.
I HL MEMBERS OF THE ~
insurance company of
NORTH AMERICA,
"> takt Notice,
(h,,n n Conftuut ; on "quires Payment of
m j ?i Z°" cach Sha,( \ on ihe Second
of Fo V' Da> ' of J u 'y nfx, » " n Penalty
of Fo.fenurc of the Money already paid. V
cnnH C I 5'° c ,ders as have not ™de their fe.
cond Instilment, 3re informed, that Paymfnt'
Tin r Tk'v " tht ' Com P an V's Office, No
said' ~ Front-Street, either on or befnte the
D 3y ' "'* e _ v ma V find it most convenient.
TuneS EBENFZEI * HAZARD, fo'rv.
1793.
This Jay it puiliJheA, hj
M A T H E VV C A R £ Y,
No. 118, Maikrt-flrret, Philadelphia,
No. VIII. of
Guthrie's Geography,
IMPROVtD,
The terms of Subscription may be fcen in the
proposals at lai ge.
THIS valuable work will contain (exclujiue
of the maps in tht London edition 179 2 )
maps of New-Hampshire, Maffachufetu, Con
nedlicut, R. I (land, Vermont, N.York, N.Jer
sey, Penniylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Vir
ginia, Kentucky, N. Carolina, S. Carolina,
Georgia, Switzerland, the Discoveries of Cap
tains Cooke and Clerke, and the countries
round the North Pole.
Besides the great improvements in the Ame
rican Geography, the accounts of France will
be ex traded from the French Geography, pub
lithed since the revolution ; the map of France
will be engraved agreeably 10 the division into
departments: the hiAory of Ru{fia, which, »n
the London edition, is carried no farther than
1 775* is continued to the late execrable invalion
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%* Subfcripiions are received by the book
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J""* '?■
Hercule De Sercey,
From Leogane, JJland of St. Domingo,
MAKES and fells all forts of Mugs, Jacks,
Porringers, Cups, Stew-Pans, Lamps, See.
in Tin, plain or japanned —He also mends old
tin work. As he works cheap, he hopes for the
public encouragement.
No. 23, Race.street, near Front-street.
June 7.1.
HERCULE DE SERCEY,
DE Leogane, Isle de St. Dominque, travaille
en ler Blanc, de toute forte de manieres a
commande et a bon inarche.
A Philadclphie, ce 22 Juin, 1793.
No. 23, Race-street, pres Front-street.
JUST PUBLISHED,
By Thomas Dobfon,
Book feller, at the Stone-House, in Second Jlreet,
Philadelphia,
» VOL UM E IX, OF
ENCYCLOPAEDIA:
OR, A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES,
and MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE,
On a Plan entirely new
BY WHICH
The Different SCIENCES and ARTS
are digellcd into the Form of Diflinft,
TREATISES OR SYSTEMS:
THIS VOLUME CONTAINS
HYDROSTATICS, Hygrometer, History of
Japan, I .eland, Jerusalem, Jews, India,
InfefU, Insurance, Ireland, Italy, Kamfchatka,
Knighthood, Language, Law, Legerdemain,
with a great variety of Biographical and Mifcel-
Janeous Articles.—llluflrated with thirty-one
elegant Copperplates.
CONDITIONS.
I. The work is printing on a fuperfine paper,
and new types, (cast for the purpose) which
will be occasionally renewed before they con
trast a worn appearance.
11. she work is furmlhed in boards, in volumes
or half-volumes, as fubferibers chufe; the price
of the whole volumes, five dollars each, of the
half-volumes two dollars and two-thirds of a
dollar each. Ten dollars to be paid on fub
fcribmg, the volumes or half-volumes finifhed
to be paid for when delivered, thepriceol one
volume to be paid in advance, and the price of
each succeeding volume to be paid on deliver
ing the volume preceding it. No part of the
work will be delivered unless paid for.
111. In the couife of the publication will be de.
livered about five hundred copperplates ele
gantly engraved in Philadelphia; which by
far exceed in number those given in any other
Icientific dictionary. At the dos? of the pub
lication will be delivered an elegant fro'itif
piece, the dedication, preface, and proper ti
tle pages for the different volumes,
It is expected the wo.k will be comprised in
about eighteen volumes in quarto.
The fubfeription will continue open on the
above terms till the firft day of September next
to give opportunity to those who are not yet
fubferibers, to come forward.
Thole who have subscribed, and got only a
small part of the work, are requested to com.
irk'i <" S ' i,hr as PuWiftied, as soon as
poflible, as after the firft of next September, by
which time the tenth volume is expe&ed to be
ready, the publiftier will not consider hitnfelf
bound to make up those setts which are not
completed up to that period.
Philadelphia, June 19, 1793.
GENERAL POST-OFFICE
Philadelphia, May 27, 1793. '
£00 Dollars Reward.
W r?MTT S I ce " ain THOMAS SLOSS
. OANTT, has lately made his
r from ftiltimore- County Gaol, to which he was
cornm.tted under ~ charge of having rubbed the
Vori 1' u" 28th da V of last ■
h y S'" 0 ' that * rtwar ' i of five
hundred dollars will be paid ,t thii Office ,0
any petfon orperfons wh° fhotl apprehend' the
» ?<>"«" S'°f> Gem, and deliver him imo
custody of the Keeper of the •
theeuft dy of Qftbe Gaol or ,„, 0
answer the ha.ge C ° m ' ag '°
TIMOTHY PICKERING,
, PoJI-Majlcr General.
BfTtiOMJijOWMN. DAVITS
STUART,9c DANIEL CAR ROLL.
Bfyitirei,
C °'M^»" o,i ««».£<
prepare the P«tWife «uMia K i, |tc. *uhin i ht
Ch» of fftfltnam, far the reception of C 0.,.
greft, itoi®foiTheir peritnant rt&deoce ificr
the ytir 1800—
A LOTTERY
FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THtf
Federal City.
50,000Ticketsat 7 dollars, arc 350.000 dollars
LIST OF PRIZES, vi*
1 Superb Hotel, with bat)v&, >
out houses, See.See. to coll )
1 Caftt Prize
I ditto
1 ditto
j ditto
2 ditto
10 ditto
20 ditto
100 ditto
200 ditto
400 ditto
1,000 ditto
15,000 ditto
5,000 arc,,
1,000
s°°
100
50
*5
co
19
16,737 Prizes
33,263 Blanks
j 0,000
By this scheme at leafl the amount of the tick,
ets will return to the fortunate adventurers, arid
yet the federal City will gam its object thereby
tn a magnificent building designed both for pub
lic and private convenience.
Although some cxpence must neceff»rify at r
tend the conducting of the lottery, (which ex
pence will be taken from the principal prize) ike
CommilConeis having agreed to prcfent m r«.
turn a fufficient quantity of excellent free-Done,
together with (he best adapted lots for the Hotel
and for tht mit-hoofet, rtie value of-the
entire may be fairly rated a; Jomething mart t£H
par: Io tnis important inftonce it will lie found
on examination, to exceed all ihe lotteries thai
have ever been offered to the Public in this ,ir
perhaps in any other counuy. The keys of the
Hotel, when compleat, will be delivered to the
fortunate poffeflor of the ticket drawn
its number.—All the other prizes will be
viiibtut dedaSlionJn me month ajter the diamtig, by
the City Tireafurer at Walhingtnn, or at fo cjJ
Bask or Banks as may be hereafter announce
for thefionveniency of the fortunate advent^rrs.
The drawing will commence on Monday thj
6th of Septembei next, at the City of Walhins
tan.
Tickets may be had of Col. ffi/t. Oieienj, City
Treasurer of Washington ; Tha:er i 3 Birt'e:, of
Charleston, South-Carolina ; Giison Dtftijon, Sa
vannah ; Mcffrs. James Wtji £# Co. Baliimoie •
Mr. Peter Gilfnan, Bolton j and at fiich ether
places as will be hereafter publilhed.
N. B. ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS will
be given for the belt Plan of an elegani and i-oir,
venient HOTEL or INN, with hot and cold
Baths, Stables, and other nut houses, ifprefentd
on or before the loth of April next -, and a pre.
ference will be given 10 the Artist for a Con
trail, provided he be duly qualified to
compleat his plan. The ground on which
the Hotel and out houses are to be erefied, will
be a corner lot of about 90 by 200 feet, wiih a
back avenue to the (tables, &c. Sefttons and
eltimates of the expense will be cxpefted
with the elevations, &c. compleat ; and 50,000
dollars mult be regarded by the ArchitcS asthe
utmost limit in the exprnfe intended lor this
P"rpofe. S. BLODGET,
Agent for the affairs of the City.
March 6, I7q,q.
NOTICE.
THE STOCKHOLDERS in the SOCIETY
for ESTABLISHING USEFUL MANU
FACTURES, are requclled to take notice, that
the fourth and last payment is due, and trust be
made on or before the 13th day of July next,
either to the Cashier of the United States Bank
Office of Discount and Deposit at Ni w-Ynrk—
the Caihier of the Bank of New-York—the
Cathier of the Bank of the United Slates in Phi-
Udelpbu— or John B*y»rd, Etq. is thecnyc# *
New-Brunfwick, in the state of New-jeifcy.—
And that the (hares of a]) persons neglrflmg ty
make such payment, and the monies by them
previously paid, will then be forfeited for the
common benefit of the said society.
That the fubfenber is duly authorized to make
the requisite indorfments upon the certificates of
(hares, and that books of transfer are opened at
his office in Front-street.
NICHOLAS LOW.
New-York, Juve 12, 1793. (epti3j)
Albany Glafs-Houfe.
The Proprietors of the Glafs-Manufa&ory, under
the Firm of
M'CLALLEN, M'GREGOR and Co.
BEG leave to inform the public, that they have
now brought their WINDOW-GLASS to
such perfe£lion, as will be found, on comparifon r
to be, equil, in quality, to the belt London
Crown Glass.
Having fixed their prices at a lower rate than
imported Glass, they are induced to believe, that
importations of this article will be discontinued,
,n proportion as their works arc extended.—
They propose to enlarge the scale of this busi
ness, and as the success of it will depend on the
patriotic support of the public, they beg leave to
lolicit their friendly patronage in the pursuit of
a bianch which will intcreft every lover of
American Manufactures.
All orders for Window-Glass, of any size,
will be received at the Store of Rhodes and
MacGregor, No. 234, Queen-flreet, New-
York, and at the Glass Wa-ehoufe, No. 48,
Market-street, Albany, which will be punctually
attended to.
WANTED, fix smart a&ive LADS, not
exceeding 16 vears of age, to be indented as
Apprentices, and regularly inftru6led in the
varibus branches of Glass-Making.
Alfp, three Window-Glass Makers, to whom
great encouragement will be given.
May'i, 1793. epjsu
S°,CQCr
*5,000
»o,oco
*5,000
10,OQ©
10,000
1 o,oo#
lo.oqo
10,000
10,0 ve
10,00©
J»o,o€>®
»5 o .oo©
Dollars 350,00 a