A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA [No. 108, of Vol. lII.] SECOND CONGRESS OF THF. UNITED STATES. AT THE FIRST SESSION, Begun and held at the city ot Philadelphia, in the State of Penn ° fylvania, Monday the twenty-fourth of October, one thousand leven hundred and nineiy-one. AN ACT to indemnify the Estate of the late Major General Nathaniel Greene, for a certain Bond entered into by him during the late war. BE it enatted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Uni'ed States of America in Congress afTembled, That the Unued States shaH and will indemnify ihe estate of the late General Greene, for the sum of eight thousand fix .hundred and eighty-eight pounds fix (hillings sterling money, being the amount due on the fiift day of May, one thouland seven hundred and ei"htY-f lx » on a certain bond executed to Mcflieurs Newcomen and Collet, by the said General Greene, as furcty lor John Banks and Company, and the interest thereon; excepting therefrom a certain conditional bond given in June, one thouland seven hun dred and eighty-fix, for about one ihoufand fix hundred pounds fterlii.g, (be the fame more or less) being part of the aforefaid sum of eight thousand fix hundred and eighty-eight pounds fix lni!- Jings* which was to be paid, only in cafe the said General Greene /hould recover from the said Banks, or Banks and Company, a sum fufficient for his indemnity ; Provided It (ball appear upon due mveftigation, by the officers of tnc Treasury, that the laid Ceneial Greene, in his life-time, or his cxecutors, since his de cease, have not been already indemnified, or compenlatcd for the /aid sum of eight thousand fix hundred and eighty-eight pounds j'ix IhiHings, except as aforefaid : And also provided, I hat the said executors shall account for a sum being about two thousand pounds ftcrling, (he the fame more or less) recovered of John Fer -3 ie, one of the partners of the said Banks and Company, by the jaid executors, to be in part of the indemnification aforefaid ; and also (hall make over to the Comptroller of the Treasury and his fucccflors, for the Un ted States, all mortgages, bonds, cove nants, or other counter-lccurities whatfoevcr, now due, which ■were obtained by the said General Greene, in his life-time, from the said Banks and Company, on acconnt of his being furcty for them as aforefaid, to he fuea for in the name of the said execu tors for the ufc of the United States. And the officers of the 1 rea fury are hereby authorized to liquidate and fettle the sum due to the estate of the said General Greene, to indemnify the fame, as aforefaid, according to the true intent and meaning of this aa. ind to pav the fame, out of the Treasury of the United States, to the laid executors, to be accounted for by them, as part of the said estate, JONATHAN TRUMBULL, Speaker of the House of Representatives. RICHARD +lENRY LEE, President pro tempore of the Senate, APPROVES APRIL THE TWE N1 Y -SE V fc NT H , I 79 2 * GEORGE WASHING I ON, President oj the United States. FROM THE AMERICAN MUStUM. REFLECTIONS on the STATE of the UNION. THE export trade cf the United States and the increase of the home coniumption have placed the American produ ces on a very advantageousfooting. The competition which ctifts in our markets, between the purchasers for the account of foreigners of various nations, for our own merchants, for the great consumption in the leaports and parts adjacent to the coasts, and for the use of the manufacturers, together with the occalional lhipments made on their own accounts by the fouth crn planters, by the millers of the middle States, and by the owners of the eastern fifhing vessels, afford the cultivators and fifhermen Co many alternatives, that they can always obtain the best prices which circumstances will juftify. In ffioit, these several demands, at once various, steady, and extensive, efficiently fnpport our agriculture : and though peculiar en terprise and faculties in commerce and manufactures, the power of capital, and an intimate knowledge of our trade and interior system, enable a particular nation to participate largely in the exports of the United States —the remainder | of the world receive from us a very considerable value, and | the variety of demand which the destination of our exports proves to exist, affords us certain relief from the confequen res of the commercial errors of any oi tho e countries, whose citizens are our consumers. Whenever such errors ihall oc cur—or so far as they may have already taken place,, to dif fufj a knowledge of our resources among all nations, to in l'pire them with confidence in our laws and modes of dealing, -nd to convert our commodities by manufactures, into every iliape which their occasions may require, will prove the effica cious corrective, by enabling us to obtain from wife nations a favorable market for our productions. It is fatisfaClory toobferve the regular increase of manufac tured goods in our returns of exported commodities. The number in each of the two lad years is upwards of one third, in a lift which amounts to near three hundred articles. Hence we may infer, that the time is really arrived, when foreign trade is iucreafed and enlivened by home manufactures. This idea, together with the domestic commerce produced by them, will be more particularly noticed in another place. CONCERNING THE M ANU F ACTU RES OF THE UNITED STATES. In considering this subjeCt it will be unnccelTary to adduce any arguments to influence the judgment of the eastern parts cf the union. Many of our citizens near the ica-coaft oi the [continued.] Wednesday, May 9, 1792. middle States arc equally convinced of the beneficial effects of manufactures. The cultivators in the iouthern and western country, and a refpe&able proportion of our mercantile ci tizens are apprehensive of injury to themselves and to their country from the pursuit of this object. These are two de scriptions of persons whom it is in every view our duty to fa tisfy, if the truth and reason will permit; and it is principally from a due attention to them, that the iubjeft is proposed to be examined here. An opinion has prevailed that the fonthern States will be facrificed to the eastern, and in some degree to the middle State", by the plan of manufactures. It is plain, however, 1 that as the foil of the eastern States is not equal to the pro auction of a fufficiency of provisions and raw materials for : their own use, they must resort to the more southern States | for several raw marerials and for new supplies ot provisions. It is known, too, that some valuable articles for manufatfures cannot be produced but in the southern States, such as cotton, and indigo, and that tobacco is almost confined to them. "T he southern States and western country will have considerable advantages in the support which the home market of the ma nufacturers will give at all times, and especially in time of war (when freights will be high, and shipping scarce) to their agricultural and landed productions. Even now, in profonnd peace, it is the cafe. Kemp was delivered in the ports of the middle State-., from the lands of the southern States, at lei's than five cents per lb. in 1/9** Nothing would ha\e kept it at that rate, but the rope and twine manufactories of the mid dle and eastern States. The breweries of Philadelphia draw nearly as much of their barley from the Chelapeak as they de rive from the lands of Pennsylvania. Thef# and other xafts (how the beneficial beginning.of things. The manufacturers of mips and cordage throughout the union, procure from the southern States all their tar, pitch, turpentine, oil of turpen tine, and rolin. The ports of Philadelphia and New-York, take three-fourths of their (hip timber fiom their, jufUy pre ferring veflels of live oak and red cedar to all others. The owners of the coalmines of Virginia, enjoy the monopoly ot all the supplies for the manufacturers of the more noitl.em States,.who live in the sea ports: a demand which is increasing rapidly. No lead mine of any consequence is yet worked, ex cept one near the fuperier waters of James river. The south ern States abound with iron-, and have much moie fuel of ah kinds than the northern States, and they have streams for the most powerful water works. Few or no very abundant depo sits of coal have been yet difcoveicd further noi th or tail t 'an the waters of the Ohio and Cheiapeak, even in internal si liations. The ircn manufactures of the United States are a'readv important ill value, and immensely so in point of uti lity, or rather of necessity. Farms, manufaaories, (hipping, fiflieries, fleets, and armies, all demand them. In Ihoit, tie all-important landed inteveft would languish, and its p^ogrefs in prosperity would he retarded in the counties of the southern States, even near the sea, if our present manufactures were to be abolished, and all future eftabliftiments of thatkind were to be given up. But their inland and western counties CANNOT 2ESUPPORTED, UNLESS MANUFACTURES SHALL BE PRO MOTED and introduced among them. In the counties cl Pennsylvania beyond the Allegany mountain, are 63,000 in habitants, and probably 10,000 of these are farmers. The wool of that country is yet very inconfiderabie—their furs are more abundant. From these two raw material*, no less than 10,140 wool hats, and 2,200 fur hats are manufactured yearly in thirty-three hatters' (Hops. Sail cloth (which, when manufactured, would be worth 30 cents pr. lb.) could be made at Pittiburg, Winchester in Virginia, Hillftjorough, and Salis bury in North-Carolina, Camden in South-Carolina, and Au gusta in Georgia, out of hemp, the value of which, there, does not exceed 4or 5 cents. To bring a ton of hemp to the sea ports from those towns, except Augnfta, costs from 35 to 40 per cent, of its value. To bring a ton weight of fail cloth from the fame places to the fame ports would not toft above 6 or 8 per cent, and the manufacturers' provisions and fuel are attended with similar savings. DeduCt for a moment the de mand of foreign commerce from both Alexandria and Win cheiter, and the latter would appear to be mod: vigorous and flourifhing; because it manufactures more, having not so high a market for its provisions and raw materials. These obser vations apply with equal force to the whole State of Vermont and to all our interior country. ■ The nation that supplies u with hempen, flaxen, and iron manufactures, takes immenfe quantities of hemp, flax, and iron from Russia. These Ruf fian raw materials are purchased at the eastern extremity of the Baltic, are transported to another country and manufac tured there, ar? transported hither, and haled through bac! roads, 50, 100,200, and 300 miles into our most productive countries which yieldthe requisite raw materials. These faCts powerfully incite us to fofter manufactures of the fame kinds, there and elfewnere. Till that (hall be the cafe, we (hall con tinue to drag those raw materials through the fame bad roads, and (hip them under charges of carting and freight equal to a third, an half, and two thirds of their value, according to the distance. The present system of negleCting and repelling the eftablilhment of manufactures, appears to otcafion immenft deductions from the profits of our lands; and due confidt ra tion, it is believed, would convince us, that the bed interests, nay the neceflities of our landholders require t:;e introduction of some kind of manufactory in almost every vicinity. (to be continued.) anecdote A COUNTRYMAN in Birmingham market (England) was observed lo laugh while the Clerk was taking a quantity o butter from a woman, which was deficient in weight ; the offici r not being pleased with the fellow's want of decency, observed that it ill became him to laugh, adding, "I took two pounds from you lad week"— *' I'll lay a guinea ot it," said the country man " Done," said the officer ; and putting a guinea into the hands of an eminent tradetman, the countryman instantly covered it and then with a sneer laid, " had it been two founds could .yon have taken it Irom me, was it not for being Jhott of that weight that I loft it ?" The officer attempted to explain, but the gentle j man who held the ftakts was so perlrftly convinced, that he gave i if e countryman the lv/o guineas immediately. 429 [Whole No. 516.] FRANCKKORT, February 12. THE Emperor's troopscertainly march to Bri ■ gaw, and they only wait the answer to the i equintorial letters for their paflageto put them selves in motion : 20,000 men will be drawn from Bohemia, of whom 12,000 will proceed to Fran conia, under the command ot General Count Wallis, and Bcoo to Suabia. This measure, however, is only to cover the frontiers of the Low Countries, and the Auilrian poileflions in Suabia ; but even, on thai iuj pofi lion, it is a measure that cannot fail being at tended with bad effetfts. They write from Berlin that the foreign de partment was never I'o occupied as at the piefenc moment: couriers arrive and depart daily, chief ly to Peterfburgh and Vienna. The affairs of France and Poland are the objedt of their la- bours. PARIS, February 17. On Monday the following letter, in the King's own hand, was received by the Mayor and the Municipality : " Gentlemen, " I have already mentioned to some of you the reports which are spread about my pretended leaving Paris: I thought that what 1 mentioned ot it would have been f'ufficient for discrediting these reports ; but as evil minded people conti nue to propagate them, in order to alarm ther inhabitants of Paris, and to calumniate my in r tentiors, 1 will explain my felf clearly 011 my way of thinking. " 1 know the duties which the Constitution imposes upon me, 1 will always fulfil them ; but 1 also know the rights it gives me, and 1 will ne ver refufe myfelf t lie power of making use of them. Nothing keeps me at Paris but my will of being there, as 1 think my pretence neced'ary, and 1 declare, that 1 will and (hall remain there ) and whenever 1 (ball have teafons to leave it, 1 fliall not disguise them. " I have 10 add, that if a person is not qnire deprived of the use of his senses, or incurably perverse, he cannot entertain the lead doubt ut my inviolable attachment to the welfare of the nation, and the inhabitants of Paris. (Signed) LOUIS." , March i. The three generals are ttill at Pa ris. Luckner is supposed to advil'e war, Rocham beau peace, and Fayette an offenlive war in pre ference to defenfive. A division is talked of among the ministry, of which the minister of marine is the cause. Iwo of his colleagues are of opinion that it is impos sible to fnpport a man against whom he public opinion is so pointedly declared; and the reft, that he ought not to resign, and mult be fop ported. The Emperor's answer to the King's late re presentations, wai communicated _ to the diplo matic committee on Ttiefday, and is expecfted to be laid before the Aflembly this day. It is long and elaborately ambiguous. The. substance on the mod favourable interpretation is : That his Imperial Majesty does not wife todif folve his alliance with France; that he never ineant to interfere in the internal affairs of the kingdom, nor to disturb the order of things established by the new constitution—only feeing the person of the King in danger, and the king dom threatened with a total diffblutiofi of go vernment, he entered into engagements.with the oilier powers of Europe, to succour th'eking and his kingdom, if neceflary ; that the political Itace of Europe, and the rank which France holds in it, made such engagements neceflary to save her from ruin; that these engagements still exist, but that the execution of them depends on what {hall pals in France; and that if the person of the king (hall be menaced, if the republican fpi rir (hall make such progress as to attempt the fubvevfion of the monarchy, hislmperial Majesty will find himfelf obliged to interfere, in conceit with the other powers who have an interest in maintaining the order and the balance of Europe. It inveighs against the republican spirit and the Jacobin societies, and concludes with a lequifi tion for ptibliftiing it, that France and all Europe may be informed of his Imperial Majesty's Hefire to live in peace with the French nation, as long as the king and the new constitution accepted by him, {hall be refpeded as they ought. Yesterday the Priiffian Minister presented a Declaration, profeifiug the adherence of his mas ter to all the points of the Emperor's answer.
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