of§ ... Saturday, May 12, 17^2. No. 109, of Vol. lII.] FROM THE AMERICAN MUSEUM. REFLECTIONS on the STATE of the UNION [concluded.] rprt*; countrie; fouthof Pennsylvania are remarkably rich 1 in foflils. Coals, copper, iron, lead, and other mineral? are found in either Virginia, North or South-Carolina or Georgia, or all of them. Mineral appearances occur every where. The promotion of manufactures is neceflarv to draw these forth ; and as they have immense fore ft s of wood and the molt powerful mill-dreams, there can be no doubt, 'that they will be brought into use, as soon as those means fli'all be adopted. The family manufactures of the middle and interior coun ties of Virginia, North-Caroli-ia, and the interior counties of Georgia, South-Carolina, and Maryland, are said to be greater in value, than the articles of foreign manufactures, which they use; and were they universally awake to the facilitv profits, and national importance of this mode of manufactur ing, they might extend it much further, without impeding their firming operations, while, at the fame time, they would provide an use for their agricultural productions. A fmgle (late, Pennsylvania, has upwards of fifty paper mills, which work up materials of no value. The manufac tures from those mills are computed at two hundred and fifty thousand doUars—the hands employed in them do not exceed one hundred and fifty, or two hundred. That ltate contaius about one ninth of the people of the United States, and their contributions to the expenses of the government and the i'n tereil of the public debt, are confcquentlv about 400,000 dol lars. Their paper-mills, therefore, indemnify them for five eighths of their quota ! It is the duty of government to en courage the otherftates to do the fame, especially as it can be done by water means, and not by men diverted from their farms. The southern states do not want a capacity for this manufacture, which has acquired an eftabliflunent in Mary- J and, and has appeared as far to the southward as North-Ca rolina. It may be fafcly affirmed, that the manufactures of leather in the United States exceed in value all our annual bur dens. We import few or no Ihoes. In each of the two last years we have procured from abroad no more than 70,000 pair of .hoes and boots, for 4,100,000 of peop!e. If we use only one pair and a half per annum per person, at fevcntv-five cent,, they will amount to 4,500,000 dollars, which exceeds e very demand of the general and state governments. The hides, flans, bark, lime, thread, bridles, and wax, nav, the the very heel-pegs, are all drawn from our lands and farms. Recollecting this, aud similar facts, we cannot question the utility of mamifaftures to the farmers, planters, and landed interest If the manufacture of (hoes in this countrv, were abolilhed, our annual debt to foreign countries would be in creased to an amount equal to all our public contributions. Similar observations might be made on several other articles though no one to so great an extent. The manufactures of wool in Oreat-Britain have been ftat edby tneirminifters at 16,800,0001. sterling—and the simple manufactures of liquors in that country are said to consume twenty-five millions of bulhels of grain. Were there no other proof,-, we could not doubt the importance of manufactures to tbe agriculture- of that country. They nourilh and support it. We make up all our woo!—our lands produce cotton with great facility ; and we manufacture liquors as easily as Bri tam. There is no doubt, that the latter branch already af fords to our farmers an annual market for 1,500,000 bu(hels of gram. This is well underltood and carried on in all the southern states. i he objection, that manufactures take the people from a gnculture, is notfolid, aselfewhere observed ; since women, children, horses, water, and fire, all work at manufacturer, and perform four-fifths of the labour ; and as many manufac turers migrate to the United States, it mav be fairly nueftion ed, whether the (Quantity of agricultural induftrv is not in creased by the impulse and demand arising from manufactures, though a few cultivators fliould follow them. And it mav be alked, whether a fanner does not raise the More cotton, flax hemp, and wool, because his wife and daughters spin and Weave them ? The employment of the new medium, the public certificates (which may be taken at 1 j,000,0001. fterlin ? J in a country that formerly had not 3,000,0001. sterling of medium, renders ma nufactures necefiary at this time. It may be said, lands will employ it. But farms fold well at the time when 3,000,0001. sterling was probably the utmofl: extent of our medium, and cannot therefore give employment to the additional twelve millions, though they might to a part of it. The firft applica tion of this capital is intended to be made to the ftianufaffu - ing of cotton, which is peculiar to the southern states. This 15 one method by which those states will be benefited by even that part of the public debt, which they do not own. On this important point more will be said hereafter. More money is employed in manufafl-ures, than in foreign commerce, because the gross value of exported article l : is much lei"", than the gross value of manufactured articles. This will not be doubted, when itfis remembered, that Ihoes alone amount to several millions of dollars. These manufacturer rinnot be deemed less important to the southern landholders than foreign commerce ; and those proprietors will not be dif pofcd to neglect foreign commerce, nor will they consider it Hi lriCiative to their local interests. u . . extract. • It is reported of the Sybarite*, that they destroyed all cir cocks, that they might dream out their morning dreams v ltncut aifturbance. Though I would not so far promote ef eimnacy as to propose the Sybarites for an example, yet since "* v ls j nan so corrupt or foolifb, but that something ufe u may e learned from him, I could wilh that in imitation o a people not often to be copied, some regulations might be na e to exclude screech owls from all company, as the ene !..u ? ° and confine them to some proper receptacle, ■' ere tley may mingle flghs at lcifure, anti thicken the gloom of one another." FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. MANUFACTURES TT is often saul in conversation, that agriculture A is the greatest inieielt of the American -peo ple, and the foundation on which their wealth and prosperity art fitpported. Thisisjuft, but 3 conclusion is drawn from the principle which is not equally well founded. We often hear it i emarked that agriculture being the belt interest, it is improper to engage in manufactures. This is carelessly aliened and admitted. But, is it n tie that the interest of agriculture is injured by our manufactures?— Our farmers will not easily e pei fuaded that it is. What is done with (he wool, flax, cotton, hemp, but to work them up. All the iron made in the country is wrought in ir. Would any man, in his wits, recommend 'hat all thele articles, which form the materials of our in oft valuable manufactures, should no longer be culiivated or attended to. The far [ iner would fuffer, and the money of the country nuift be lent out of it to buy the articles. What has the farmer to apprehend from the increase of manufactures ; that he will fell flax, hemp, cotton and wool, on better terms, and in greater quantities? The manufactures of the country have grown up wonderfully since the protetftion given them by the laws of the United States. Since that increase, have not the farmers found the advantage ? 1 hey have—and the new impolt a<Jt will operate to extend the demand for the pi oduce of i heir lands. The fail-cloth manufac toi ies at Boston, and elfevvhere in the state of Maflachufetts, have made a demand for all the flax produced and offered at market, and the price has risen with the demand. The farmers in that instance receive a direct profit from the manufactory. This is intended only as an in stance-—many others might be adduced. They all tend to refute the insinuations which are often ' made to rouse jealouly, on the thread-bare pre sence that the eastern and southern states have different interests, and that the farmers will be facrificed to the manufacturers. I he manufactures of the southern states ap. pear, on enquiry, to be more advanced, as well as moi e prosperous, than has been believed. But if it was not I'o, it is hard to fee the damage sus tained by the louthern states, by the middle and eastern manufacturers buying their flax, wool, cotton, hemp and coals, as well as their corn, to feed them—all which is actually the cafe at pre sent. It is much to be wished that a brotherly affec tion may subsist between tlie citizens of the dif ferent states. If these remarks, trite as they may appear, have any tendency to that end, the delign of the writer will be accomplished. ACTS, &c, ajfed at the Fir ft Se/fion of the Second Cangrefs of the United States, begun and held at the city oj Philadelphia, in the State of Pennfy!. vama, on Monday the tuenty-Jourth of Ocloiet, one thousand teven hundred and ninety-one. Nmcmbcr 8. A N ACT granting farther time for makipjf return J. A. the enumeration of the inhabitants in the dif tnft of South-Carolina. Dec. 16. An Ast for the relief of David Cook and Thomas Campbell, 23. An A£i making appropriations for the support of go vernment lor the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two. Jan. 3. An Ast for carrying into effect a contract between the United Stairs and the Slate of Pennsylvania. 23. An Ast to extend the time limited for fettling the ac. counts of the United States with the individual Stales. Feb. 16. An Ast concerning certain fifheries of the United States, and for the regulation and government of the filhermen employed therein. to. An Ast to eftabiifh the poft-oflice and post-roads within the United States. March 1. An Ast relative to the cleftion »f a President and Vice- President of the United States, and declaring the officer who shall ast as President in cafe of va cancies in the olficcs both of President and Vice- Prcfident. An Ast for making farther and more effectual provi fton for the protection of the frontiers of the Uni ted States. 19. An Ast declaring the consent of Congress to a certain ast of the State of Maryland, and to continue for a longer time an ast declaring the assent of Congress to certain acts of the States of Maryland, Georgia and Khode-Ifland and Providence Plantations, so far as the fame refpefts the States of Georgia, and Khode-Ifland and Providence Plantations. Jan, 23. An Ast to provide for the fetilrmcnt of the claims of widows and orphans barred by the limitations here tofore eftablilhed and to regulate the claims 10 inralid penGonj. ■) ✓ V 'V 433 [Whole No. 517.] 2}. An Ast providing for the fatlement of the claims of p ons. " m,cr Pellicular circumttances baricd bv the limitations ht rctoforc fftahli ed. 71 ' °r """" widow '- °'ph»n 5 , in vaiuis «tnd other prrfons. 28. An Ast fupplrmcnul totheaft for making farther and more effrflual prov.iion for the protefttou ot the frontiers of the United Stairs. 2. An Ast tor fiuiOiing the light-House 011 Baldhcad N'onh m Ca U ro),nt thC S '" c "uM&r m ' m • and resu,atin « ,h£Colns of i 2. An Ast fupolcmentary to the ast for the establishment public peers'. °' )ighUhoU,M ' b " cons . »»* A0 S t t^ o New.;^ h, ' h °" rean M —"*«. » 'he An Ast for ascertaining 'He bound, of a tract of land purchased by John Cleve. Symmet. An Ast tor fixing the eompenfation of the door-keep ers of ( he Senate and House of Reprefcmatives iu Congrels. 13. An Ast for altering the rimes of holding the circuit courts in certain diftrifts of the United States, and for other purposes An Ast to compensate the corporation of trustees of the public grammar school and acadcmy of Wil mington, in the Sutc of Delaware, for the nccupal tion of, and damages done to the said school, du ring the late war. I*. An Ast for apportioning rcprcfentanves amonj; the fcveral S;ates according to the si.st enumeration An Act concerning confuU and vice-consuls. 2t. An Ast authorizing the grant and conveyance of cet tain lands to the Ohio Company of Ailociates 27. An Act 10 indemnify the estate of the late M.ior-Ge neral Nathaniel Greene, for a certain bond entered into bv him during the late war. i. An Ast for railing a farther sum of money for the pro trfton of the frontiers, and tor other purposes there in mentioned. An Ast to provide for callitig forth the militia to exe cute the laws of tin Union, suppress infutrefttons and repel invasions. 5. An Ast for the relief ot perfotis imprisoned for debt. An Ast authorizing the grant and conveyance of cer tain lands to John Clevei Symmes, and his affociatesj A to alter the lime of the next annual mectinr of Congress. " 8. An Ast conccrningthe duties on spirits distilled with in the United States. An Ast relative to thecompenfations.to certain officers employed in the collcft.on of the duties of import and tonnage. An Ast to continue in force the ast intituled, « An Ast to provide for mitigating or remitting the penalties and forfetturs accruing under the revenue laws in certain cases, and to make farther provifton tor the payment ot pensions to invalids." An Ast supplemental to the ast making provision for the debt of the United States. An Ast 'or making competitions to the commiflion e>s of loans for extraordinary cxpenfes. An Ast riiaking alterations in the treasury and war departments. An Ast making certain appropriations therein fpecified An Ast to provide for a copper coinage. An Ast for regulating proctlfes in the courts of the United States, and providing compenf.tions tor the officers of the said couna, and for iutors and wit nrffej. April May An Ast concerning the claim of John Brown Cutting agamft the United States. 5 An Ast to compensate the services of the late colonel George Gibfon. An Ast more effrftually to provide for the national defence by eftablilhing an uniform militia through out the Unite d States. An Ast refpefting the government ol the Territory of the United Sutes, North-Weft and South of the Ri. ver Ohio. Rcfolve directing the Secretary of the Treasury to turnith the several collcftors with printed Clearan ces, dating the accounts of the methods that kave been used to obtain irelh water Irom fait, & c . EXTRACTS. " When fortune frowns, and friendfhip stands aloof—when the forlorn viaim lies stretched on the bed of auguifh with miferv and want pictured before him—the pleafmg the'vene rable form of religion presents herfelf to his view—fpeaki joy and consolation to her humble votary—(hews him thede lufions of riches, and the vanities of worldly plealure. Hij groans are changed into triumphs—as his misfortunes accu mulate, his hopes increase—and the pillar of his fortitude is the wretchedness of his condition—with the fapeof antiquity he may fay, "Alas! he fliould ljave perilhec', had he notbeen undone." " Pure and genuine religion does not consist in the difguft mg feveritv of a puritanical outside ; nor does it in the lead depend on nominal diftinftions, as was formerly imagined ! wlreu the difference of a single letter, in a term of favored or thodoxy, opened wide the field of controversy where the be nevolent spirit of christianity was facrificedto theological ran cour, the church torn into schisms, and her wreatfi of victory was t.\e blood of her children. As well might the intrinsic worth and excellence of a jewel be ertimated from the caflcet in which it happens to be inclosed, as the goodness of religion measured by external forms, or inferred from modes of faith. It is built on the love and reverence of the Supreme Being and an unfliaken belief in the words of sacred truth, joined to a warm and practical benevolence towards all our fellow be ings--?iety and virtue are its everlaftmg pillars, faith and charity being the chief corner Hone."
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers