SPEECH OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, TO BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS Fellow Citizens of the Senate, and of the House q*f Representatives, I MEET you, upon the present occasion, with the feelings which arc naturally inspired by a strong imprefiion ps the prosperous Jituation of our common country, and by a persuasion equally itrong that the labors of the session, which has just commenced, will, under the guidance of a spirit no less prudent than pat * iotic, i/Tue in measures, conducive to the liability and increase of national prosperity. Numerous as are the providential bleflings which demand our grateful acknowledgments—the abundance with which another year has again rewarded thV industry of the husbandman is too im portant to escape recollc6lion. Your own observations, in your refpe&ive situations, will have fatisfied you of the progreflive state of agriculture, manufa&ures, commerce and navigation: In tracing their causes, you will have remarked, with particular pleasure, the happy effects of that re vival of confidence, public as well as private, to which the consti tution and laws of the United States have so eminently contribut ed : And you will have observed, with no less iutereft, new and decisive proofs of the encreafing reputation and credit of the na tion. But you nevertheless cannot fail to derive fatisfa&ion from the confirmation of these circumstances, which will be disclosed, in the federal official communications, that will be made to you in the course of your deliberations. The rapid subscriptions to the Bank of the United States, which completed the sum allowed to be fubferibed, in a Angle day, is among the Unking and pleasing evidences which present them selves, not only of confidence in the government, but of resource in the community. In the interval of your recess, due attention has been paid to the execution of the different obje&s which were specially provided for by the laws and resolutions of the last fefiion. Among the most important ot these, is the defence and security of the Weftem Frontiers. To accomplilh it on the most humane principles, was a primary with. Accordingly, at the fame time, that treaties have been provi sionally concluded, and other proper means used to attach the wa vering and to confirm in their fricndihip, the well.disposed tribes of Indians—effe&ual meaCures have been adopted to make those of a hostile deCcription sensible, that a pacification was deli red upon terms of moderation and justice. These mea Cures having proved unfuccefstul, it became neceflary to convince the refra&ory of the power of the United States to puniih their depredations. Offenfive operations have therefore been dire&ed ; to be conduced, however, as consistently as pofli ble with the dictates of humanity. Some of these have been crowned with full success, and others are yet depending. The ex peditions which have been completed, were carried on under the authority, and at the expence of the United States, by the Militia of Kentucky ; whose entcrprife, intrepidity and good conduit,are entitled to peculiar commendation. Overtures of peace are Hill continued to the deluded tribes, and confideiable numbers of individuals belonging to them have latel) renounced all further opposition, removed from theii former (itu aiiom, and placed themfclves under the immediate prote&ion of the United States, It is sincerely to be desired, that all need of coercion, in future, may cease; and that an intimate intercom fe may succeed ; calcu lated to advance the happiness of the Indians, and to attach them firmly to the United States. In order io this, it seems neccflary, 1 hat ihey should experience the benefits of an impartial dispensa tion of justice. That the mode of alienating their lands, the main source of dis content and war, should be so defined and regulated, as to ob viate imposition, and, as far as may be pra£ticable, controversy concerning the reality, and extent of the alienations which are made. That commerce with them (hould be promoted under regulations tending to secure an equitable deportment towards them, and that such rational experiments should be made, for imparting to them the bleflings of civilization, as may, from time to time, suit their condition. That the Executive of the United States should be enabled to em ploy the means to which the Indians have been long accustom ed for uniting their immediate interests with the preservation of peace. And, that efficacious provision should be made for infli&mg ade quate penalties upon all those who, by violating their rights, ihall infringe the treaties, and endanger the peace of the Union. A lyftem correiponding with the mild principles of religion and philanthropy towaids an unenlightened race of men, whose happiness materially depends on the conduct of the United States, would be as honorable to the national character as conformable to the dictates of found policy. a The powers specially veiled in me by the a£l laying certain du ties on diftilied Ipirits, which refpeft the subdivisions of the dif tri&s into surveys, the appointment of officers, and the aflignment of compensations, have likewise been carried into effefi:.—ln a matter in which both mateiials and experience were wanting to guide the calculation, it will be readily conceived that there must have been difficulty in such an adjustment of the rates of compeu lation as would conciliate a rcafonable competency with a proper regard to the limits prefcribcd by the law. It is hoped that the circuinfpeftion which has been used will be found in the result to have secured the l?ft of the two objects; but it is probable, that with a view to the fir ft, in fomc inltances, a revision of the provi sion will be found advifeable. The impreflions with which ihis law has been received by the community have been, upon the whole, such as were to be exped c ' among; enlightened and well disposed citizens, from the pro priety and neceflity of the mcafure.—The novelty however of the tax m a considerable part of the United States, and a misconcepti on of some of its provisions, have given occ > r6pn in particular plac es to some degree of difcontcnt.—But it is fatisfaclory to know tnat this disposition yields to proper explanations and more just 2ppreht*nfions of the true nature of the law. And I entertain a u ' co,l fidence, that it will, in ill, give way to motives which a r> eont of a just fenfc of duty, and a virtuous regard to the public welfare. If there are any circumftanccs in the law, which, confidently *uh its main design, may be so varipd as to remove any well in- objcftions, that may happen to exist, it will consist with •u 1 e moderation ro make the proper variations. It is desirable, 'II oceafions, to unite wth a ftcady and firm adherence to con ■tiit jonnl and neccffaiy efts of government, the tulleft evidence of a ' po.nion, as far as may be practicable, to confulr the wishes of 3rt °' l^C communt y> to lav the* foundations of the P u icadminiftration in the affe&ions of the people. fh' A ,0 aut h° r »'y contained in the fevera\ a&s on that u jeet a dftri£lx>f ten miles square for the permanent feat of the £ v, , nment of the United States has been fixed, and announced f, v reclamation ; which diftritt will comprehend lands on both sn f the River Potowmac and the towns of Alexandiia and ' 0V n * A city hasalfo been laid out agreeably to a clan '» w;Ji be p.accd before Congress : And as there is a prolpeft I favored by the rate of files which have already taken pi ice, of am cJerv A Carry, f g L ° n the neceffar V public buildings, there is every expectation of their dueprogrefs. vi COmp 'j tlO , n °/- the Census 01 the inhabitants, for which pro- iaS ">!■ if h J ' has been du 'V not 'fi c d (excepting one in it h,. k" lcl ? th ? return has been informal,and another in which Whn ecn ° mlttc , d > ? r rnifcarried) and the returnj of the officers no were charged with this duty, which will be laid before vou, .: jS ,ve y®"'ne plciifingalfurancc that the present population of > United Mates borders on four millions of peifons. t is proper also to inform you that a further loan of two railli has been completed in Holland ; the terms of which nie funiW to those of the one last announced, ex- J.' pt as to a fmalli reduction of charges. Another on like terms "u ri-" ° i f '""" s h,i<l k"" k' on toot "ider circum es that allured an immediate completion. Gentlemen of t.hi Senate. wo Treaties which have been provisionally concluded with the lerokees and fix nations of Indians, wiil be laid before you for your conuderation, and ratification. Gentlemen of thf. House of Representatives. in entering upon the dtfchatge of your legislative trust, youmuft anticipate with pleasure, that many of the difficulties, necessarily incident 10 the firll arrangements of a new government, lor an exten.ive country, have been happily surmounted by the zealous and judicious exertions of your predecefTors in co-operation with »ie ocuer ranch of the legislature. The important objc&s, v.h'ch remain to be accompli.'hed, will, I am perluaded, *be con ducted upon principles equally co.nprehenlWe, and equally well calculated tor the advancement of the general weal. Fne time-limited for receiving fußferiptions to the loans pro piled by the adt making pvovifion for the debt of the United Sates having expired,flatements from the proper department will, as loon as possible, a:>prifc you of the exa£l result. Enough how ei er is already known, to afford an allurance that the views of that afi have been fubftant'tally fulfilled. The fubfenption in the d' »nv iiic debt of the United Stares has embraced by far the great elt proportion of that debt ; affording at the fame time^proof 0 the general fatisfaClion of the public creditors with the ft stem which has been proposed to their acceptance, and of the ipirit o( accommodation to the convenience of the government with which they are actuated. The fubferiptions in the debts of tit .* relpcfliye States, as far as the provilious of the law have per muted, may be said to be universal. The part of the debt 01 the United Staie>, whicii remains unfubferibed, will naturally engage your further deliberations. It is particularly pleating to me to be able to announce to you, that the i even lies which have been ellabliOicd promifeto be ade quate to their obje&s ; and may be permitted, if no unforefeen ex- igency occurs, to fupei fede for the prcfent the neceflity of any new b irthens upon our constituents. An objrft which will claim your early attention is a provision for the current service »f the ensuing year, together with such af ccrtained demands upon the Trcafuiyas require to beimmediatc lv discharged, and such casualties as may have arisen in the execu tion of the public business, for which no fpecific appropriation may have yet been made ; ol ail which a proper estimate will be laid before you. Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Representatives, I shall content mvfelf with a general reference to former com munications for several obje£ls, upon which the urgency of other affairs has hitherto poftponcd any definitive resolution. Their im portance will recal them to your attention ; and 1 trust that the p-ogrefs already made in the most arduous arrangements of the government, will afford you leifureto resume them with advan- There are, however, fame of them of wtrich I cannot forbear a more particular mention.—Thele aie the Militia, the Poft-Olfice, and Port Roads—tl)e Mint, Weights and Measures—a provision for the sale ot the vacant Lands o* the United States. The firft is certainly an object of primary importance, whether viewed in reference to the national lecurity, to the faiisfaftion of the community, or to the preservation of order.—ln connexion v. ith this, theeftablifhmcnt of competent magazines and arsenals, and the fortification of luch places as are peculiarly important and vulnerable, naturally ptefent themselves to confederation. The fafely of the United States under divine protection ought to reft on the basis of systematic and solid arrangements ; exposed as little as to the hazards of fortuitous circumstances. The importance of the Poft-Office and Poll Roads on a plan fufficiently liberal and comprehensive, as they refpe& the expedi tion, l'afety, and facility of communication, is increased by the instrumentality in diffufing a knowledge of the laws and pro ceedings of the government; which, while it contributes to the fecuritv of the people, serves also to guard them against the effctts of misrepresentation and misconception. The establishment of additional cro'.s Posts, efpeciaMy to some of the important points in the Weitern and Northern parts of the Union cannot fail to be of material utility. The disorders in the existing currency, and especially the fcar cityoffmall change, a scarcity so peculiarly diftrefling to the poorer classes, strongly recommend the carrying into immediate etfett the rcfolution already entered into concerning the establish ment of a Mint. Measures have been taken pursuant to that reso lution for procuring some of the raoft neceflaiy artists together with the requisite apparatus. An uniformity in the Weights and Measures of the country is among the important objetts submitted to you by the conftitu-tion, and if it can be derived from a standard at once invariable and universal, must be no less honorable to the public councils, than conducive to the public convenience. A provision for the sale of the vacant Landsof the United States is particularly urged, among other reasons, by the important con siderations that they are pledged as a fund for reimbursing the pub lic debt; that if timely and judiciously applied, they may save the neceflity of burtheoing our citizens with new taxes for the ex tinguishment of the principal; and that being free to discharge the principal but in a limited proportion no opportunity ought to be loft for availing the public of its right. G. WASHINGTON. United States, October 25, 1791 P R O V I D E N C E, October 15 PIRACY The St. Euftatia Gazette of the i6ih ulr. con tains the following Advertisement—" Last night was run away with, the Sloop POLLY, of Provi- dence. Rhode-liland, by her Mate, named Wil liam Round, and a young Man called Sim— She had on board 22 hogflieads and 6 barrels of sugar, 21 cases of gin, 30 barrels of beef, and in the Captain's chelt between 14CO and ijco dol lais. Round is about 5 feet 6 inches high, a flout well made fellow ; and Sam is about 5 feet 3 inch es high, a dull heavy fellow. ihe Sloop is a large black New-England built veflel. Four hun dred dollars reward is offered by Hardtman and Clarkfon, of Sc. Euftatia, for recovering the vcf fel and securing the pirates.—N. B. The Captain 207 of the Sloop is Richard Low, who has her regis ter and papers." [ The above Sloop belongs to Meflis. Brown & Francis, of this Town, who will pay the above mentioned reward of four hundred dollars for the lloop and cargo, and one hundred dollars so the mate.—He is an active man, of a fair com plexion, has long black hair, speaks very quick, and calls hi in felt a Boftonian, though his pro nunciation resembles that of air Irirtiman. He married in Boston, where his vfiifer' now lives. On the Portage-Bill he figrted hiVname' Natha niel Rounds. "I Philadelphia, O&ober 26. Friday afternoon arrived in town, from his feat in Braintree Massachusetts, the Vice-President of the United States his Lady and Family. ' The Vice-President has taken the lioufe lately in the occupation of the Hon. Judge .Bradford, the corucr of Fourth and Mulberry 1 lie people of the United States justly appreciate the superior advantages they enjoy nnder the auspices of their present Govern, ment. This Government is founded on the principles of justice and freedom. It secures to every man the full possession of the produce of his indnftry, and l'acrcdly guards the social and per. l.onal rights of every citizen. A confidence in the administration of this Government pervades all classes and denominations of men—this has animated every fa culty of the human mind to exertion—and so fully convinced are the people of the unlpeakable importance of peace and domestic tranquility to the public profpeiity and happiness, that we mav justly anticipate a long succession of years in which those princi ples, essentially connected with our national felicity and honour ihall be maturing to a state of perfe&ion, hitherto unknown. ' I he Piefident of ihe United States, we arc well allured, expreffr d preat fat.sfatfion at the punctuality wiih which the Meinbeis of t ie National Lcgidature have taken their feats the present fdllou. Some ft futures in the Englifli papers on the Riots at Birmingham, reprelent theperfousprin cipally active in those fceues of devastation, as ignorant, savage and ferocious—This exhibits a most gloomy piclure of the state of society in re fpetl to the poor of that country—and suggests some ufeful ideas to the legifl3tors of a free peo ple*—lt fliews (he infinite importance of diflemi nating knowledge among all classes of a commu nity, particularly the poor. ' It is by force alone that an ignorant herd can be governed—but when the judgment is regular ed by reason, and the understanding is properly enlightened, the people need only to be inform ed of their duty, and obedience to the laws fol lows of course. The duties of society are performed with chear fulnefs, when the people a<2 from the impulfeof duty, and the dilates of an enlightened mind. But the outrages of an ignorant multitude can only be checlied by the interpolition of the mili tary—Hence we fee that no riot can be quelled in England without an armed force. ExtraCt of a litter from Clafgow, July 2 S. " There is a fine profpe<ft of a plentiful harvefl both in Britain and Ireland—the crop in Franca this year has been exceedingly good, and all <r o t fafe in—from Poland and the Baltic, the grana ries of Europe, the profpecfl is equally favorable. If the war should he finilhed this year betweeii the Turks and Ruffians, grain will be very low in Europe. " The United States will never find such a sure and certain market for their grain as by eucou raging manufactories. This will be a market at tended with no riiks, nor liable to the regulation of no foreign prince. In (hot t, if peace is restor ed in Europe, it is doubtful if there will be occa sion for a single cargo of American wheat. By encouraging manufactories so much in Britain all that the country grows ia consumed at home." ' PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES FUNDED DEBT. 6 pr. Cents 22f V',£. 3 pr. Cents 12/6 Defercd 6 pr. Cents 13_/4 UNFUNDED DEBT. Final Settl. and other Cenificartes 16/8 17/ 85 do n ,■ 10 / 6 5*4 do.' Bank. Sublcriptions, 1?0 Dollars. MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY Class Second. r ~T , HIS Class will positively commence drawing on Thurfdav A the 24th of November next, at 4 o'clock, P. M. which will be completed with all expedition. The Managers pledgethem fc Ives that no conlideration whatever shall induce them to postpone the drawing a moment beyond that time. liofton, O&ober 15, 1791. PRINTS OK THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION '""I "'HE fubferibers to the Prints of the Battle of Bunker's Hill* X and Ihe attack of Quebec, are informed, that Ktchii.es of th„fc Prints are to be seen at Mr. Anthony's, Jeweller, in Mar kei-ltreet (where may also be seen an Etching ot Mr Copley'l celebrated Print of the Death of Loid Chatham.) The fubfeription for this work (which has hitherto been confin rd to Amenta) will be opened on the .ft of January next, in the .nopal cues of Europe : Those Gentlemen therefore who mav with to pofiefs early, and of course valuable impression. are re qucfted to avail themfclves of this interval, in which a preference i» Itil 1 given to America. „ Subscriptions are received by Mr. Trumbull, and by Mr Anthony, Jeweller, Philadelphia; Mr. Daniil Pt,.,,,/ Water.ftrcet, New-York; Mr. W.LtUM V. Mr.J*. Hazhhuist, Cliarlefton, South-Carolina. (p - The price to fubferibers is Three Guineas for each Print— Philadelphia, O&ober 24,1791 »io pr. cent. do. 66J do.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers