known before. To remove any doubts that may [ arise refjpedting the truth of fhis allertion,! lhall j alt note, that on the r4th Sept. lad, I law the Britifii fliip Endymion of 44 guns laying upon lier beam ends upon thole rocks, bearing N» W. by W. Sand-Key then bearing N. 1 W. 1 judged five leagues diltant. 1 run in between the lhip and the key, where the pallage is late, and oce an water for five miles between the locks and the land. The bearings and distance of rhofe rocks I received from the failing matter of the fiiip, who has taken an accurate survey of the lame. The Edvmion It ruck upon those rocks at half pad Bin the morning, clear weather : She was from Jamaica bound to Turks-llland with cannon, commanded by Lieut. Daniel Woodriff "(the Captain lick in Jamaica) and had 011 board a good pilot. As lives and property of mariners are dependant in a great measure upon the knowledge ofreeis and ihoals, I am induced to give this early publication,flatteringinyfelf it will soon be confirmed to the fatisfaction of the doubtful. B. Snovj. The Tablet No. 149. " Such causes exijl in the United States es are favor- able to a prosperous and permanent government." r T"'HK long conceited quellion, whether men can J- govern themflves, is now fairly brought to the celt of an experiment. From present appear ances, there is goo.«l renlbn to expciit the point will he so fettled, as to eltablilh the affirmative of the queltion. Are not the people of the Uni ted States in the adtual enjoyment of a free, and energetic Itate of government ? And may they not, in the molt proper fenfeof expreilions,befaid to vet n tbewjehes ? What circuniftances can be di'cerned, that threaten to dimirtilh either the energy or the freedom of our government ? Is 11 L the ftateof society fucli, as to include the ef femi Imperials for forming thole civil institu tions which will continue long, because there can never exiit areal'on ora motive for altering them ? It may be well to enquire, what can have indu ced so many wife legiilators to doubt the practi cability of a J"elf -governed people. The two main objections againfl: conceding to the point in question are ; fiiltly, that the gener al character of human nature does not authorise Juch a concession ; and secondly, that the whole concurrence of hiitorical teftiinony contradi<fts the idea, that a people will continue to govern themlelves, in a cool, a reasonable, and eiiicient manner. I will make no particular remarks upon the firft of tliefc objections, because the advocates of it collecfi theirgeneral notions of human nature from hiitorical facfts,and therefore both objec'tions do, in reality, form but one Politicians give an air of certainty to their in ferences, when they attempt to prove that men always vittjl be, exaiflly what they always have beiu. It will be asked, that as no people ever •wire found, who, properly speaking, did govern themselves, why may it not be inferred that no fiich ever uu/l exiftThe fallacy oftbe inference proceeds from its being extended too far. The examples that are adducedin support ofthe prin ciple fhrtuld only be applied to the proof of cases fmiilar to themselves. A difference in circuni itances may counteract all the force that is inten ded to be derived from the comparison. For in stance, a people who were fnddenly delivered from a longeltabliflied despotism, and totally ex onerated from a despot, would neverthelels, by bad management, soon reduce themselves back to (despotism. Such an event would authorise an 111 - ierence, that some other people, exactly so fitua red, would be in danger of alike dil'alVer. But I itfurniflies no argument that such a description j of men, as inhabit the United States, cannot pre serve themselves from despotism. An ignorant, servile people cannot govern themselves, because they have neither knowledge not spirit adequate to such a pnrpof'e. A turbulent warlike people will not govern themselves, because their love of plunder and confufion i* superior to their love of order and protection. They can neither feel it to be their interest, nor conceive it to be their <lnty to encourage mild and equitable institutions. But it is far otherwise with rel'pecft to a nation, com po fed of traders, mechanics, and planters, who have a predilection for their several occupations ; whose views and competitions generally relate to private objects of business ; and whose personal prosperity is perceived to be efientially blended ■with that of the government. When a man, by lionett industry, has acquired property, _he feels li solicitude about the protection of it. Why fiwji should he not be an enemy to faCtion, and to ,/every other cause that really threatens to dissipate the maxims, and defeat the operations of law and justice ? The people of the United States will jiot easily be beguiled into a bad choice of rulers, because the public opinion is so well informed as to be competent to decide upo.i the merit of cha racters ; and it will be found, that the great mass of individuals know too well what promotes their own interest and fafety, not to reprobate the idea of forming alegiflature of weakand wicked men. Since the new government commenced its ea reer, it is obvious to the eye of a molt careless 1 obfervcr, that the circumflances as well as the character cf our inhabitant have meliorated, l'lie talents discovered in the various executive departments, and the Confidence which a judici ous administration has inspired in the public mind, are conspicuous proofs that an enlightened people will be bell l'atisfied, when they are belt governed. It can never be the intereftofone .branch oftlie community, in a free country, to delfroy the prosperity of another , nor can the rich derive such durable advantage over the poor, by oppreiiive laws, as by thole that are inild and equitable. When rulers learn that their dig niiy confiits not in being arbitrary and severe, they will have 110 motive to aff'ume those attrocious qualities. When citizens are habituated to the idea, that their fafety is greater in obeying than iji opposing the laws, few men will be i'o foolifh orperverfe, as to join in pernicious combinations againit the government. (To be continued.) Philadelphia, Nov. 5. WAR ONCE MORE! A letter was received by a gentleman in this city last Evening, from Alexandria, wh:ch informs that a vcfp'/ had arrived at Rappahannock, in 22 days from England, and brought an account that W AR. had been declared by Great Britain against Spain. By accounts from the eastward, we learn that the Spaniih fleet of 36 fail of the line, returned to the port of Cadiz the 9-th September, after a cruise of fix weeks. The lalt European intelligence leaves us in doubt respecting the affairs of the Brabant Patri ots —the late convention between Aultria and Pruflia, bears a inoft inauspicious alpeCt 011 their affairs. We have leen some French papers of the month of August ; they contain in fubltance the articles which have appeared in the English papers, and which have been transcribed into the American Gazettes—some of them contain very bold Itric tures 011 the trailfa<ftions of the National Aflein bly ; these are denominatedArilVocratic Gazettes. The King of Hungary, by his effecting a peace for his diftrefled dominions, proves hiinfelf to be both a great and good man. Not great by wading through seas of blood and scenes of devaluation, to the accomplishment of some trivial object of ambition, or to gratify the feliilh feelings of re feutment and revenge ;but from having through generous concession and manly negociation, re- Itored the bleflings of peace to his impoverilhed and depopulated country.—How are the diftin guilhed butchers of the human race obscured by themild lultreof humanity ? Fed. Caz. " In England,every polhble encouragement has been given to the woolen manufacture ; in Ire land, to the linen ; in France, to those of silk, ot cottons, of woollens, and almoll all others which can furnilhlabor to her indultrious artizans : ma ny have not only been patronized, but carried on at the expence of government: in these ways luc cefs has been ensured." Capt. Jones, of the Goliah, who arrived at New-York on Thursday, palled through a Britilh fleet of 30 fail of the line, 6. frigates and 4 cutters, on the 4th September, 'Siait bearing N. E. 14 leagues, [landing up Channel : he spoke with one ot the fleet, and was informed they had not seen the Spaniards. Me after wards spoke witii a brig from Gibraltar, who allured nun that it was all peace. By Capr. Ward, who arrived at Boston the 23d inft. from Mar tinique, we learn, ihat the commotions which have so long agita ted that island have produced a melancholly fcenc of human car nage. Our readers will recoiled; that there arc two implacable parties in that Island. Count Dainas (the Governor.) the princi pal planters, the King's troop?, and tree mulattecs, form one party which is denominated the Royalists ; the other party is formed of the inhabitants ot Sr. Pierre, and some ot Fort Royal, who arc called the Revolutionist.*. In a former tumult, the latter executed f veral mulattoes ; which occasioned the expedition againflSt. Pierre, commanded by Count Damas, and theVifcount de POl teves Gienv The ringleaders of the mob who murdered the mulattoes, were apprehended —some were committed to goal, and others sent to Fiance.and tranquility wasthere by restored for a time. Since then the St. Pierre Revolutionijls have demanded of the Go vernor, that the prisoners in goal mould be liberated, the suits commenced against those sent to France, stopped, the Mulattoes disarmed, and Fort Bourbon, put into their possession. fhefe the 1 Governor could not comply with ; but the Revolution Jls found means to get pblltflion of Fort Bourbon, on which the Governor and his officers retired to Gourmon, where the Airembly was fit ting ; and the St. Pierre people fitted out 5 cutters, to prevent fup plics going to that part of the island. The Governor also took meafurcs to flop all fupplics for the Revolutionijls in Fort Bourbon 1 I n consequence of which the garnfon were obliged to fend out large parties to colled fubfiflcnce from the Plantations: One of these parties, on a marauding expedition, was attacked by the mu lattoes and negroes (whom the planters had armed so 1* the protec tion of their property) and bein <; overpowed by numbers, were obliged to retreat to a cane field—to this the negroes, See. imme diately fetfire, and as the Revolutionijls issued therefrom, maflacred ihem without diftindioa to the number ot 784.; with the loss of only 5 or 6—Capt. Ward had the account ot the numbers killed, from officers who counted the dead bodies. 1 lie planters have since folemnlv sworn, never to carrv any more of their produce to the market of St. Pierre; and the' Count Damas was preparing for an expedition against that city, which he was determined to bring to submission, or reduce to afties. In this unhappy situatiOn was the island, when Capt. Ward left it. Thomas Chittenton, Esq. is elected governor of the Hate of Vermont, vice his Excellency Gov. Robinson. Of the three National Representatives for the state of New-Hampfhi re, the Hon, Samuel L:z>er more only is eledted. Nicholas Oilman and Jere miah, Smith, Efq'rs. are the two next highest can didates. 631 Hon. William r Senator oftlie Uni ted Stales, is elected Governor of" the State of New Jersey by the Legislature of laid State. I lie Hon. Oliver Ellfwortl:, is re-elei r ted a Sena tor of the United States, by the legislature of Con necticut. F.xtraß of a letter from New-York, 08. I 790. I was this day informed that the Secretary o: the Treasury has negociated a loan in Holland for nearlytwo millions of dollars pursuant to the late ad of Congrel's, on advantageous terms. The negotiation of a loan with the wary Hol landers, 011 favorable terms, llrongly indicates that the fundsof the United States are confide:- ed in Europe as an eligible depotituniof property. Friday morning lalt, about three o'clock, the Powder-Mill, near Frankford, belonging to Mr. Joseph J. Miller, of this city, ble-.v up —There was about one ton of Powder in the Mill. Sunday morninglalt, about 4o'clock the Brew- Houfeot Mr. Hare, in the Northern Liberties of this city, wasdifcovered to be on fire ; and not* withstanding the utmolt exertions of the citizens, the greatest part of it was burnt. Agriculture and manufactures appear to be ri finginthe eltimationof the people of the United States, and with great reason—they form the furell balls ofindependencc, and eventually prove the source of the greatelt profit:—Commerce i s little better than mere (peculation—and very fel. dom realizes to the adventurer his high-raised expectations. It has lately been aflerted in the newspapers of the United States,that one Farmer in Maryland fold from his laltcrop, twelve thou sand bushels of Wheat : What commercial fpecu laiion, on a capital equal to the whole probable colt of this Wheat, would be equally productive on the raoft favorable calculation .' -rtnd with res pect to Manufactures, there can be little doubt that a large capital can be employed in several fpeciesofthe coarser kind, to much greater ad vantage than in al molt any mercantile enterprise. Duck of all kinds is now manufactured in the United States—and it li.is been said that coarse Woolens can be made and fold at a lower rate than they can be imported. The security of property is one principal ob ject of government : Contrail the present situa tion of the United States, in this particular, with that immediately preceding the adoption of the New Constitution, and how striking the differ ence ! This conscious security, which is indu ced upon every citizen through the influence of the government, has diffufed a new face over our affairs, and has called into operation the dormant funds of individuals, in fucli manner as to pro duce an influx of business in every branch, that has been productive of more solid profit to the Union at large, than perhaps ten times the a mount of the expences of the general govern- me nt PRICE CURRENT. PUBLIC SECURITIES. Final Settlements 12f. a 12\fi. Indents "J. a ij'i. New Loan, 6 pr. Cents -few at Market, about \\J. LATEST ARRIVALS AT THIS PORT. Schooner Dolphin, Williams, (M. C.) 10 days. Minerva, Litchfield, do. 7 Sloop Friendship, Beaks, St. Croix, 24 Richmond, Block, Virginia, 9 Mtllia, Spicer, (N. C ) 10. gC?' SUBSCRIBERS in the City and State of New-York—and to the Eajiward as far as Boflon t will plea f: to pay their arrearages to Mr. P. YVetmore, at the Pofl-Gffice, New-York—who will also receive fubferiptions jor the Gazette. On MONDAY the firfl infl. was publifiled, By CAREY, STEWAR T, and Co The American Museum, For OCTOBER, 1790. CONTAINING as usual, a variety of original and imerelting ESSAYS, in prole and verse. Improvements and Additions to Mr. Bowen's Exhibition of Wax-Work, HIS Excellency Benjamin Franklin, Esq. A Philadelph'ian Beauty. Peace, (an elegant figure) with her Olive Branch. -Plenty, with wreaths of Flowers, basket of Fruit, See. (£3T TICKETS, at ov.e quarter dollar, may be had at Mr. James Bryson's, No. 4, Third, below Market Street ; where the exhibition is open from 10 o'clock in the Morning, until 9 every Evening. N. B. MINIATURE and PORTRAIT PAINTING done at the fame place, on reasonable terms. )hia, 08. 30, 1790. Philadell TREASURY DEPARTMENT,") Ottober 14, 1790. J NOTICE is hereby given, That Probofals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, to the 30th day of November next, inclusive, for the supply of all Rations which may be required for the use of the United States, from thenrft day of januarytothc thirty-6rft day of December 1791, both days in clusive, at Spfingficld, in the State of Massachusetts, and the Poflof Weft-Point) in the State of New-York. The Rations to be supplied, are to consist of the following Arti cles vi?. One pound of Bread or Flour, One pound of Beef, or of a pound of Pork, Half a jill of Rum, Brandy, or Whilky, One quart of Salt, Two quarts of Vinegar, ( IOQ ra^ons> Two pounds of Soap, f One pound of Candles, } Separate Proposals may be made for each place, Specifying the lowcft price pr. ration. -No credit is required.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers