known before. To remove any doubts that may [
arise refjpedting the truth of fhis allertion,! lhall
j alt note, that on the r4th Sept. lad, I law the
Britifii fliip Endymion of 44 guns laying upon
lier beam ends upon thole rocks, bearing N» W.
by W. Sand-Key then bearing N. 1 W. 1 judged
five leagues diltant. 1 run in between the lhip
and the key, where the pallage is late, and oce
an water for five miles between the locks and
the land. The bearings and distance of rhofe
rocks I received from the failing matter of the
fiiip, who has taken an accurate survey of the
lame. The Edvmion It ruck upon those rocks at
half pad Bin the morning, clear weather : She
was from Jamaica bound to Turks-llland with
cannon, commanded by Lieut. Daniel Woodriff
"(the Captain lick in Jamaica) and had 011
board a good pilot. As lives and property of
mariners are dependant in a great measure upon
the knowledge ofreeis and ihoals, I am induced
to give this early publication,flatteringinyfelf it
will soon be confirmed to the fatisfaction of the
doubtful. B. Snovj.
The Tablet No. 149.
" Such causes exijl in the United States es are favor-
able to a prosperous and permanent government."
r T"'HK long conceited quellion, whether men can
J- govern themflves, is now fairly brought to
the celt of an experiment. From present appear
ances, there is goo.«l renlbn to expciit the point
will he so fettled, as to eltablilh the affirmative
of the queltion. Are not the people of the Uni
ted States in the adtual enjoyment of a free, and
energetic Itate of government ? And may they
not, in the molt proper fenfeof expreilions,befaid
to vet n tbewjehes ? What circuniftances can be
di'cerned, that threaten to dimirtilh either the
energy or the freedom of our government ? Is
11 L the ftateof society fucli, as to include the ef
femi Imperials for forming thole civil institu
tions which will continue long, because there can
never exiit areal'on ora motive for altering them ?
It may be well to enquire, what can have indu
ced so many wife legiilators to doubt the practi
cability of a J"elf -governed people.
The two main objections againfl: conceding to
the point in question are ; fiiltly, that the gener
al character of human nature does not authorise
Juch a concession ; and secondly, that the whole
concurrence of hiitorical teftiinony contradi<fts
the idea, that a people will continue to govern
themlelves, in a cool, a reasonable, and eiiicient
manner. I will make no particular remarks upon
the firft of tliefc objections, because the advocates
of it collecfi theirgeneral notions of human nature
from hiitorical facfts,and therefore both objec'tions
do, in reality, form but one
Politicians give an air of certainty to their in
ferences, when they attempt to prove that men
always vittjl be, exaiflly what they always have
beiu. It will be asked, that as no people ever
•wire found, who, properly speaking, did govern
themselves, why may it not be inferred that no
fiich ever uu/l exiftThe fallacy oftbe inference
proceeds from its being extended too far. The
examples that are adducedin support ofthe prin
ciple fhrtuld only be applied to the proof of cases
fmiilar to themselves. A difference in circuni
itances may counteract all the force that is inten
ded to be derived from the comparison. For in
stance, a people who were fnddenly delivered
from a longeltabliflied despotism, and totally ex
onerated from a despot, would neverthelels, by
bad management, soon reduce themselves back to
(despotism. Such an event would authorise an 111 -
ierence, that some other people, exactly so fitua
red, would be in danger of alike dil'alVer. But I
itfurniflies no argument that such a description j
of men, as inhabit the United States, cannot pre
serve themselves from despotism. An ignorant,
servile people cannot govern themselves, because
they have neither knowledge not spirit adequate
to such a pnrpof'e. A turbulent warlike people
will not govern themselves, because their love of
plunder and confufion i* superior to their love of
order and protection. They can neither feel it
to be their interest, nor conceive it to be their
<lnty to encourage mild and equitable institutions.
But it is far otherwise with rel'pecft to a nation,
com po fed of traders, mechanics, and planters, who
have a predilection for their several occupations ;
whose views and competitions generally relate to
private objects of business ; and whose personal
prosperity is perceived to be efientially blended
■with that of the government. When a man, by
lionett industry, has acquired property, _he feels
li solicitude about the protection of it. Why
fiwji should he not be an enemy to faCtion, and to
,/every other cause that really threatens to dissipate
the maxims, and defeat the operations of law and
justice ? The people of the United States will
jiot easily be beguiled into a bad choice of rulers,
because the public opinion is so well informed as
to be competent to decide upo.i the merit of cha
racters ; and it will be found, that the great mass
of individuals know too well what promotes their
own interest and fafety, not to reprobate the idea
of forming alegiflature of weakand wicked men.
Since the new government commenced its ea
reer, it is obvious to the eye of a molt careless 1
obfervcr, that the circumflances as well as the
character cf our inhabitant have meliorated,
l'lie talents discovered in the various executive
departments, and the Confidence which a judici
ous administration has inspired in the public
mind, are conspicuous proofs that an enlightened
people will be bell l'atisfied, when they are belt
governed. It can never be the intereftofone
.branch oftlie community, in a free country, to
delfroy the prosperity of another , nor can the
rich derive such durable advantage over the
poor, by oppreiiive laws, as by thole that are inild
and equitable. When rulers learn that their dig
niiy confiits not in being arbitrary and severe,
they will have 110 motive to aff'ume those attrocious
qualities. When citizens are habituated to the
idea, that their fafety is greater in obeying than
iji opposing the laws, few men will be i'o foolifh
orperverfe, as to join in pernicious combinations
againit the government. (To be continued.)
Philadelphia, Nov. 5.
WAR ONCE MORE!
A letter was received by a gentleman in this city
last Evening, from Alexandria, wh:ch informs that a
vcfp'/ had arrived at Rappahannock, in 22 days from
England, and brought an account that W AR. had been
declared by Great Britain against Spain.
By accounts from the eastward, we learn that
the Spaniih fleet of 36 fail of the line, returned
to the port of Cadiz the 9-th September, after a
cruise of fix weeks.
The lalt European intelligence leaves us in
doubt respecting the affairs of the Brabant Patri
ots —the late convention between Aultria and
Pruflia, bears a inoft inauspicious alpeCt 011 their
affairs.
We have leen some French papers of the month
of August ; they contain in fubltance the articles
which have appeared in the English papers, and
which have been transcribed into the American
Gazettes—some of them contain very bold Itric
tures 011 the trailfa<ftions of the National Aflein
bly ; these are denominatedArilVocratic Gazettes.
The King of Hungary, by his effecting a peace
for his diftrefled dominions, proves hiinfelf to be
both a great and good man. Not great by wading
through seas of blood and scenes of devaluation,
to the accomplishment of some trivial object of
ambition, or to gratify the feliilh feelings of re
feutment and revenge ;but from having through
generous concession and manly negociation, re-
Itored the bleflings of peace to his impoverilhed
and depopulated country.—How are the diftin
guilhed butchers of the human race obscured by
themild lultreof humanity ? Fed. Caz.
" In England,every polhble encouragement has
been given to the woolen manufacture ; in Ire
land, to the linen ; in France, to those of silk, ot
cottons, of woollens, and almoll all others which
can furnilhlabor to her indultrious artizans : ma
ny have not only been patronized, but carried on
at the expence of government: in these ways luc
cefs has been ensured."
Capt. Jones, of the Goliah, who arrived at New-York on
Thursday, palled through a Britilh fleet of 30 fail of the line, 6.
frigates and 4 cutters, on the 4th September, 'Siait bearing N. E.
14 leagues, [landing up Channel : he spoke with one ot the fleet,
and was informed they had not seen the Spaniards. Me after
wards spoke witii a brig from Gibraltar, who allured nun that it
was all peace.
By Capr. Ward, who arrived at Boston the 23d inft. from Mar
tinique, we learn, ihat the commotions which have so long agita
ted that island have produced a melancholly fcenc of human car
nage. Our readers will recoiled; that there arc two implacable
parties in that Island. Count Dainas (the Governor.) the princi
pal planters, the King's troop?, and tree mulattecs, form one
party which is denominated the Royalists ; the other party is
formed of the inhabitants ot Sr. Pierre, and some ot Fort Royal,
who arc called the Revolutionist.*. In a former tumult, the latter
executed f veral mulattoes ; which occasioned the expedition
againflSt. Pierre, commanded by Count Damas, and theVifcount
de POl teves Gienv The ringleaders of the mob who murdered the
mulattoes, were apprehended —some were committed to goal, and
others sent to Fiance.and tranquility wasthere by restored for a time.
Since then the St. Pierre Revolutionijls have demanded of the Go
vernor, that the prisoners in goal mould be liberated, the suits
commenced against those sent to France, stopped, the Mulattoes
disarmed, and Fort Bourbon, put into their possession. fhefe the
1 Governor could not comply with ; but the Revolution Jls found
means to get pblltflion of Fort Bourbon, on which the Governor
and his officers retired to Gourmon, where the Airembly was fit
ting ; and the St. Pierre people fitted out 5 cutters, to prevent fup
plics going to that part of the island. The Governor also took
meafurcs to flop all fupplics for the Revolutionijls in Fort Bourbon 1
I n consequence of which the garnfon were obliged to fend out
large parties to colled fubfiflcnce from the Plantations: One of
these parties, on a marauding expedition, was attacked by the mu
lattoes and negroes (whom the planters had armed so 1* the protec
tion of their property) and bein <; overpowed by numbers, were
obliged to retreat to a cane field—to this the negroes, See. imme
diately fetfire, and as the Revolutionijls issued therefrom, maflacred
ihem without diftindioa to the number ot 784.; with the loss of
only 5 or 6—Capt. Ward had the account ot the numbers killed,
from officers who counted the dead bodies. 1 lie planters have
since folemnlv sworn, never to carrv any more of their produce
to the market of St. Pierre; and the' Count Damas was preparing
for an expedition against that city, which he was determined to
bring to submission, or reduce to afties. In this unhappy situatiOn
was the island, when Capt. Ward left it.
Thomas Chittenton, Esq. is elected governor of
the Hate of Vermont, vice his Excellency Gov.
Robinson.
Of the three National Representatives for the
state of New-Hampfhi re, the Hon, Samuel L:z>er
more only is eledted. Nicholas Oilman and Jere
miah, Smith, Efq'rs. are the two next highest can
didates.
631
Hon. William r Senator oftlie Uni
ted Stales, is elected Governor of" the State of
New Jersey by the Legislature of laid State.
I lie Hon. Oliver Ellfwortl:, is re-elei r ted a Sena
tor of the United States, by the legislature of Con
necticut.
F.xtraß of a letter from New-York, 08. I 790.
I was this day informed that the Secretary o:
the Treasury has negociated a loan in Holland
for nearlytwo millions of dollars pursuant to the
late ad of Congrel's, on advantageous terms.
The negotiation of a loan with the wary Hol
landers, 011 favorable terms, llrongly indicates
that the fundsof the United States are confide:-
ed in Europe as an eligible depotituniof property.
Friday morning lalt, about three o'clock, the
Powder-Mill, near Frankford, belonging to Mr.
Joseph J. Miller, of this city, ble-.v up —There
was about one ton of Powder in the Mill.
Sunday morninglalt, about 4o'clock the Brew-
Houfeot Mr. Hare, in the Northern Liberties of
this city, wasdifcovered to be on fire ; and not*
withstanding the utmolt exertions of the citizens,
the greatest part of it was burnt.
Agriculture and manufactures appear to be ri
finginthe eltimationof the people of the United
States, and with great reason—they form the
furell balls ofindependencc, and eventually prove
the source of the greatelt profit:—Commerce i s
little better than mere (peculation—and very fel.
dom realizes to the adventurer his high-raised
expectations. It has lately been aflerted in the
newspapers of the United States,that one Farmer
in Maryland fold from his laltcrop, twelve thou
sand bushels of Wheat : What commercial fpecu
laiion, on a capital equal to the whole probable
colt of this Wheat, would be equally productive
on the raoft favorable calculation .' -rtnd with res
pect to Manufactures, there can be little doubt
that a large capital can be employed in several
fpeciesofthe coarser kind, to much greater ad
vantage than in al molt any mercantile enterprise.
Duck of all kinds is now manufactured in the
United States—and it li.is been said that coarse
Woolens can be made and fold at a lower rate
than they can be imported.
The security of property is one principal ob
ject of government : Contrail the present situa
tion of the United States, in this particular, with
that immediately preceding the adoption of the
New Constitution, and how striking the differ
ence ! This conscious security, which is indu
ced upon every citizen through the influence of
the government, has diffufed a new face over our
affairs, and has called into operation the dormant
funds of individuals, in fucli manner as to pro
duce an influx of business in every branch, that
has been productive of more solid profit to the
Union at large, than perhaps ten times the a
mount of the expences of the general govern-
me nt
PRICE CURRENT. PUBLIC SECURITIES.
Final Settlements 12f. a 12\fi.
Indents "J. a ij'i.
New Loan, 6 pr. Cents -few at Market, about \\J.
LATEST ARRIVALS AT THIS PORT.
Schooner Dolphin, Williams, (M. C.) 10 days.
Minerva, Litchfield, do. 7
Sloop Friendship, Beaks, St. Croix, 24
Richmond, Block, Virginia, 9
Mtllia, Spicer, (N. C ) 10.
gC?' SUBSCRIBERS in the City and State of
New-York—and to the Eajiward as far as Boflon t
will plea f: to pay their arrearages to Mr. P. YVetmore,
at the Pofl-Gffice, New-York—who will also receive
fubferiptions jor the Gazette.
On MONDAY the firfl infl. was publifiled,
By CAREY, STEWAR T, and Co
The American Museum,
For OCTOBER, 1790.
CONTAINING as usual, a variety of original and
imerelting ESSAYS, in prole and verse.
Improvements and Additions to Mr. Bowen's
Exhibition of Wax-Work,
HIS Excellency Benjamin Franklin, Esq. A Philadelph'ian
Beauty. Peace, (an elegant figure) with her Olive Branch.
-Plenty, with wreaths of Flowers, basket of Fruit, See.
(£3T TICKETS, at ov.e quarter dollar, may be had at Mr.
James Bryson's, No. 4, Third, below Market Street ; where the
exhibition is open from 10 o'clock in the Morning, until 9 every Evening.
N. B. MINIATURE and PORTRAIT PAINTING
done at the fame place, on reasonable terms.
)hia, 08. 30, 1790.
Philadell
TREASURY DEPARTMENT,")
Ottober 14, 1790. J
NOTICE is hereby given, That Probofals will be received at
the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, to the 30th day
of November next, inclusive, for the supply of all Rations which
may be required for the use of the United States, from thenrft day
of januarytothc thirty-6rft day of December 1791, both days in
clusive, at Spfingficld, in the State of Massachusetts, and the Poflof
Weft-Point) in the State of New-York.
The Rations to be supplied, are to consist of the following Arti
cles vi?. One pound of Bread or Flour,
One pound of Beef, or of a pound of Pork,
Half a jill of Rum, Brandy, or Whilky,
One quart of Salt,
Two quarts of Vinegar, ( IOQ ra^ons>
Two pounds of Soap, f
One pound of Candles, }
Separate Proposals may be made for each place, Specifying the
lowcft price pr. ration. -No credit is required.