WHERE THE YANKEE SHOWS UP STRONGEST c, njT.rjrxxrri i j j-lt; ji rtnLnnja 5 THE ORIGINAL '49 ER STILL IN 2 C EVIDENCE IN CALIFORNIA. 5 p (BPECIAI, COIIBEsrOSDENCE.) C T | T HE place to look for Yankees \I / to-day is in California. His I ' territory extends from the Si "J" erra Nevada Mountains to the Pacific Coast, and covers the entire central portion of the State. This "California Yankee" is probably the most distinctive personality in the extensive Western civilization to-day. He is thoroughly typical of a country about which little lias been said in its interesting entirety. The writer recently traveled exten sively throughout the Pacific Coast New England, and was impressed that in many ways it was a veritable off spring of genuine, true-blue Yaukee dom. Our Yankee of (lie Golden Gate State left New England Iu (bedays of '49. He still toils about Ids trip "Around the Horn in a Wind Jammer," and al though lie lias hot n iu his Central Cali fornia home for fifty years, he is still n Yankee, and a New England Yankee at that, with a nasal twang that would mark him nuywhere. He was one of a generation that has done big things wherever tliey have opera ed; naturally he has done some of his biggest things out here on the Pacific Coast, where lie found a new land and the biggest kind of opportunities for exercising his vig orous Yankee spirit. His principal op erations have been confined to the big Central Yalley of the State of Cali fornia, although his influence has been felt iu every city and township in the State. Now just listen to what he did last year In his Central California em pire: He raised 2SO times as much wheat as New England, twelve times as much barley and one-half as much corn. lie raised sixty times as much fruit, with at least double tlie market rating. He owns four times as many sheep, aud more cattle and swine. lie deposited s.llO in the savings bank for each member of ids family aud for each employe ou his farm. He raised 39,000 tor.% of raisins and harvested from a vineyard larger than all his New England cousin's cornfield. In point of population lie is only ouc eightli as large, hut lie lives iu the great Central Valley of California and owns nearly one-half as much land. He goes at tilings iu a big way, and almost everything ho lias is big. lie has the biggest trees iu bis woods, tlio largest fruit trees iu bis orange or chard. lie owns a vineyard that cov ers 310,000 acres, and even his onion patch Is more than four miles square. In Death Valley lie has the depeest valley iu the United States, and in Mt. Whitney the highest mountain peak, lie Is a great fisherman and owns onc fourtcenth of all the fishing In lhe Union, while in San Francisco Harbor lie lias the largest Inland harbor in tlio world. His Western neighbors all call him a "California Yankee," and . o deserves tlie title, for he is as versatile as when lie left tne New England Coast fifty odd years ago. lie cuts his grain with a great com bined harvester that is really the larg est automobile in the world, since it moves by steam, but this big automobile Is also a fast and effective worker, for as it advances over a field of standing grain, cutting a swatli thirty-two feet wide, it leaves the sacks of grain in its wake all threshed and sacked. This California Yankee is a married man, and he usually has l'our children (3.52). He owns his own farm, which is not mortgaged, aud his account in tlie savings bank lias increased for the past eleven years. He lives out of doors a great deal of the time, and for tills reason lie is twenty-seven pounds heavier than his Yankee cousin. His wife loves flowers, and she lias oue little bed of violets, thirty acres in all, from which she makes perfume. She also has 3000 acres of sweet peas, and a bed of wild poppies covering many square miles. As to ber table she is very particular, having 2300 acres in lier largest asparagus bed. \ Ilcr husband sometimes takes to mining, anil tlio queerest pliase in which be indulges is in dredging lhe bottoms of streams. He lias thirty four dredgers, in which lie lias invested $1,000,000, at work. These dredgers bring up gold and mud from twenty live feet below tlie surface of water, and fifteen feet beneath tlio bottom of the river bed. Our California Yan kee is the only man iu tlio world who takes a try at this sort of mining, but then it netted him $3,000,000 lost year, and he believes be will lie $5,000,000 the bettor at the close of the present year. Tho country in which he lives is 400 miles long, anil he is quite different from other Cnlifornians or Westerners. His voice sometimes lias the real New England twang, and he often wears a black slouch hat. Strange that for a Yankee ho Is something of a river man, and in 1801 ho taught Mark Twain liow to pilot a flntboat up ilia Sacramento Itiver. The year before that lie started in the newspaper business, and he saw Mark Twain and Bret llarte co-workers on the Weekly California. It. was not much of a paper. Mark Twain says it was a "weakly paper," but Twain and Bret Hnrtc worked very hard at sl2 and S2O a week. If you have read any one of the above paragraphs you will realize that this California Yankee lives in a won derful country—a land of extreme fer tility and of great natural resources. Although its mineral wealth first attracted the settlers to this great land, and the golden days of '49 lured the travelers from peaceful New England farms, yet many a shorel that turned for gold has cultivated the roots of an orange tree. Most of the settlers in this territory originally came from the Atlantic Coast States. They came by sea, as the journey overland was too great, but, having come, most of them re mained. Only last week I saw an old hulk that had long lain submerged in a slough near Stockton, California. This hulk was the corpus delicti of an old sea-going vessel that was deserted by all save her master, who stayed "hard by" and built a house upon It, where he kept a restaurant and dined his comrades at the mess table for many years. At San Jcaquin City there is a crumbling away of tile bones of au other ship that came round the Horn. This ship's hell was used for many years at Durham's Ferry to summon the ferryman to his work. That's the way the Yankee first came to his new country, and lie came by whaleboats and all innuinr of craft. Arriving, he chained his ship and let her rc'. while he sought for gold. On the other hand, the bulk of the men who came to the Coast in '-19 over the overland route ended up in the Southern portion of the State, which was natural, because the steep Sierras headed them off. Moreover, many of those who started across the plains dropped by the way side, and settled in Denver, Kansas City, St. Louis and Omaha, but our real New Englander—the man who came "around the Horn," stayed in the Slate, and has become the California Yankee. He is a vigorous type, and from a monetary standpoint he is the most successful small farmer in the coun try. All hough the climate is almost semi-tropic, yet he still is engaged in pursuits eminently characteristic of New England. His dairy farming is carried on more extensively than in any other locality in tlte United Slates. lie raises sheep and he has great farms,but no ranches, lie is rarely clad in homespun, hut he is simple and frugal. The country in the great Central California Is almost entirely composed of farms. The archi tecture of tho villages, the churches, tiie sunhouuets of tho women, all tell of customs and habits transmitted from New England, and that the "Califor nia Yankee" has suffered no substan tial change through his residence in the l'aeiflo Coast New England. Library JlmiKs on Street Col's. The sli'oct-car-rhliug public of Now I'ork has been having some uice things said about it. The man who said them is pretty well acquainted with (he street-ear habits of every large ' ii.v in tho United States, and his ver dict ought to he worth something. "You Gothamitos may be great on the push and pull and hustle," ho said, "hut if the number of library books seen in street cars these days are any index to the public taste, you also stack up pretty well Intellectually. I never struck a town where so many street car passengers read library hooks. Even in the rush hours, when it is all a person can do to find space for Ids body, half tile people are bent on mental expansion. Library books stare you in the face, jab you in the back, and bump your elbows ou the right and loft. I have never taken the trouble to find out the kind of litera ture that there abounds, hut whatever ,t lie nature of tho books, the traveling libraries thus displayed certainly do give New York a mighty cultured ap pearauce."—New York Times. >'ot Particular. Once while traveling General Molt ke entered a small Swiss hotel, and as the head waiter saw his gaunt fig ure stalking in, wrapped in a worn-out, dusty cloak, carrying aii old leather sachet, ho measured his weallh by his looks and ordered his assistant to show him to a small room in the up permost story. As ho was making himself comfort able in tlie attic another assistant came, as is customary there, to ask tlie silent stranger his name and rank The consequence was that a few min utes later tlie proprietor, in full dress, appeared at the door of tlie attic to inform His Excolleuey that a better room had just been vacated. "Give that to my servant,' replied Moltke, "when lie comes with my car riage. This is good enough for me." And he remained. London lloApitalta. London hospitals are always on (he dangerous edge of their resources, but a doctor who lias been quietly investi gating tile relations between means and efficiency thinks that the means are often wasted. Take, for example, St. George's, which students at other hospitals call the "kid glove hospital." It occupies a corner of one of tlie most crowded and noisiest areas in London. That must lie bad for tlie patients. It is on one of tlie most valuable sites in London, which Is bad for its finances, for the invalid's interest in his en vironment docs not stretch far be yond tlie edge of ills bed. The West minster Hospital is in the same case. Would it not lie better to set up fre quent accident wards, aud to transfer I lie hospitals to a cheaper and quieter siteV—London Clirouicle. Homo Life. Do not be indifferent and selfish In small matters. Coldness and careless ness destroys the charms of home life.—Now York News. One of two things always happens regarding a habit. You either master it or it masters yon. BayoneUng Lhe Mannikins w^praotce. ~¥ x USSIA lias adojited agro- I J tesque but practical method I \ ot Instructing young soldiers (J in the use of the bayonet. The authorities demonstrated to their own satisfaction that the usual bayo uct exercises, which are a part of the regular drill, did not lit a man for ef fective work in actual warfare. An ingenious warrior conceived the idea of having the young soldier prac '' far :v 0 , : *7* V< V - & : : ' i;— ■' • ' 4 . ,< !> ' < ■ ■ ■• mm - I'C- : -'f&WV .k'-jU • '' . J?*"'' - '■!>?. "*-• •'>. RUSSIAN ARMY BAYONET PRACTICE WITH DUMMIES. P THE LANSING |i SKELETON. || iliililiiililliiiil Among the subjects discussed by the last International Congress of Ameri canists was the antiquity of man. One of the exhibits was the "Lansing Man," consisting of a skull and a few bones said to be at least 8000, and. perhaps, 30,000 years old, found by a THE SKULL OF THE "LANSING MAN." (Variously estimated at from 8000 to 30,000 years old.) farmer near Lansing, Kan., last Feb ruary. In the opinion of Professor T'pluini, the Lansing skeleton offers probably the oldest proof of man's presence on this continent, yet it Is only a third, probably only an eighth, as old as the flint hatchets of St. Aclioul. It has been estimated that mini in the Somme Valley and other parts of France, and in Southern England, made good pale olithic Implements fully 100,000 years ago. When the earliest man came to America cannot probably be closely determined. H may have been during the glacial period: it may have been earlier. In Professor Fpham's opinion the Lansing discovery gives us much definite knowledge of a glacial man, dolichocephalic, low-browed and prog nathous, having nearly tho same stat ure of our people to-day. Professor Williston believes that the Lansing man was doubtless contemporary with the equus fauna, well represented in the late Pleistocene deposits of Kan sas, which include extinct species of the horse, bison, mammoth and lnastn dou, moose, camels, llamas and pecca ries. He was also the contemporary of the late paleolithic men of Europe, whose advanced Implements showed tice ou mannikins, which are of life size. To further carry out the illusion the mannikins are placed 011 a fortifi cation, which they are supposed to be defending, and the recruits are or dered to scale the stronghold and put the defenders to the bayonet. Tile mannikins are placed in all man ner of positions. Some are suspended in the air, others are kneeling and some lying down. The idea is to teach that they had developed beyond the stages of primitive savagery. Itemovable Cliair Seat. There has been recently placed on the market a patented removable chair seat, two views of which are hero shown. One illustrates the top, or visi ble part of the seat, the other showing the under portion and instantaneous method of applying the seat to an old chair in need of recalling. The sent base is hard wood of suitable thick ness, upholstered in a line grade of leatherette and good quality of hy gienic cotton felt, the leatherette being carried over the edges and tacked se curely to the under side of the seat it self, which is about a half inch thick complete. When re-seating a worn-out cane-bottomcd or other clmir the most inexpert have only to cut out the worn scat, substitute the one here described, which has a nicely tapered edge cover ing the cane holes and making a good REMOVABLE CHAIR SEAT. linish, and then bend slightly the four tough wrought steel hooks screwed to the under side of the seat, 110 tools or material being required to complete the work. The seats are made in dif ferent styles and sizes for various kinds of chairs. 1 the soldiers liow to use the bayonet most effectually, to show them how to ■ kill, or at least destroy, the fighting ■ ability of the man attacked with one ■ stroke. The mauulkius are movable, ; and if the beginner does not give the proper thrust or cut the stroke fails. It is a most lively and inspiring kind of drill, and the soldiers enter upon ib with amazing enthusiasm, and the slaughter of the mannikins is frightful. "CYCLISTS TAKE HEEDI" Code of Warning I'orfected ly Intel na tional Tour'.Htu* League. An international code of warning signals for the benefit of all cyclists, and more particularly for those travel ing in foreign countries with whose language they are unfamiliar, has just been composed. The series of danger signs is of great simplicity, and has Ride with adtci\lior\' y y Da.r\oev- Di;mour\t'- C ; C&utiou; C&uftouj Ob/lruct*ior\. beofi unanimously adopted by the nine teen national cycling associations which comprise the Llgue Internation ale des Associations Tourits. The basis of the signals is the arrow, which is in universal use in danger signs, and is therefore easily under stood by all cyclists. Economy begins at borne more often than does chhrlty. The Largest Coffee Drying Fit in tie World It Is at Boenolis, Brazil by E. C. Post.) —New York Tribune. THE BOY SULTAN OF ZANZIBAR. Ar.l BEN HAMUD, officially to be known as Seyyid All, lias been proclaimed Sultan q of Zanzibar, under British protection with Prime Minister Rogers as Regent until tlio youthful African is twenty-one. The dominions of the new Sultan, who succeeds his lately 1 deceased father, comprise the islands of Zanzibar (G25 square miles), Pemba (3GO square miles), Mafia (200 square miles), and Lamu (200 square miles). The presenf British protectorate dates from 1800, and the Prime Minister Is always English. The dominions of the qew Sultan form part of British East Africa. The Standard (Loudon) says: "All Ben Hamud will have learned at .libutil of the death of his father, and of his succession to the sultanate, '.-SSa 1_ J •• '' •-' ALI BEN HAMUD. (The now Sultan of Zanzibar.) lie was traveling home in the com pany of General Raikes, Commander in-Chief of tlie Zanzibar forces, and of Mr. Basil Cave, the British agent and Consul in the island. As Sir Charles I Eliot, his Majesty's Commissioner and > Consul-Genera 1 in East Africa, is oil his way home on leave, it will thus be seen that the principal British au thorities are absent from the scene, and that in that respect the death of tlie Sultan occurred at an inconvenient moment. But Mr. Rogers, who suc ceeded the late Sir Lloyd Mathews as Prime Minister of the Zanzibar Gov ernment, was at his post, and the du ties of agent and Consul are in the hands of the Vice-Consul, Mr. Kestell Cornish. There seems to be no cause for apprehending disturbances, Ger man intrigues against British influ ence having ceased with the abandon ment of extra-terrltoriality under the Samoan treaty, and the Germans be ing responsible for Khaled, the un successful claimant to the throne at tlie time of tlie death of Hamid Ben Tliwaln." Although but seventeen, tlie boy j Sultan has already married his cousin, a princess of tlie royal house, who is not yet twelve. He was educated in England. . Herbert Spencer, the Famous English Philosopher Mr. Spencer more than any other man has dominated scientific thought during the last quarter century; Ills "Synthetic Philosophy" is ids monu ment. lie is very old, ill and not yory cheerful. lie regards with sorrow the recent revival of imperialistic spirit in England and elsewhere, and takes a gloomy view of the future of mankind. Women prompters have been tried at the Berlin theatres with success, as it lias been found that their voices carry better across the stage and are less audible in the auditorium.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers