WHERE THE YANKEE
SHOWS UP STRONGEST
c, njT.rjrxxrri i j j-lt; ji rtnLnnja
5 THE ORIGINAL '49 ER STILL IN 2
C EVIDENCE IN CALIFORNIA. 5
p (BPECIAI, COIIBEsrOSDENCE.) C
T | T HE place to look for Yankees
\I / to-day is in California. His
I ' territory extends from the Si
"J" erra Nevada Mountains to the
Pacific Coast, and covers the entire
central portion of the State.
This "California Yankee" is probably
the most distinctive personality in the
extensive Western civilization to-day.
He is thoroughly typical of a country
about which little lias been said in its
interesting entirety.
The writer recently traveled exten
sively throughout the Pacific Coast
New England, and was impressed that
in many ways it was a veritable off
spring of genuine, true-blue Yaukee
dom.
Our Yankee of (lie Golden Gate State
left New England Iu (bedays of '49. He
still toils about Ids trip "Around the
Horn in a Wind Jammer," and al
though lie lias hot n iu his Central Cali
fornia home for fifty years, he is still
n Yankee, and a New England Yankee
at that, with a nasal twang that would
mark him nuywhere. He was one of
a generation that has done big things
wherever tliey have opera ed; naturally
he has done some of his biggest things
out here on the Pacific Coast, where lie
found a new land and the biggest kind
of opportunities for exercising his vig
orous Yankee spirit. His principal op
erations have been confined to the
big Central Yalley of the State of Cali
fornia, although his influence has been
felt iu every city and township in the
State. Now just listen to what he did
last year In his Central California em
pire:
He raised 2SO times as much wheat
as New England, twelve times as much
barley and one-half as much corn.
lie raised sixty times as much fruit,
with at least double tlie market rating.
He owns four times as many sheep,
aud more cattle and swine.
lie deposited s.llO in the savings bank
for each member of ids family aud for
each employe ou his farm.
He raised 39,000 tor.% of raisins and
harvested from a vineyard larger than
all his New England cousin's cornfield.
In point of population lie is only ouc
eightli as large, hut lie lives iu the
great Central Valley of California and
owns nearly one-half as much land.
He goes at tilings iu a big way, and
almost everything ho lias is big. lie
has the biggest trees iu bis woods, tlio
largest fruit trees iu bis orange or
chard. lie owns a vineyard that cov
ers 310,000 acres, and even his onion
patch Is more than four miles square.
In Death Valley lie has the depeest
valley iu the United States, and in Mt.
Whitney the highest mountain peak,
lie Is a great fisherman and owns onc
fourtcenth of all the fishing In lhe
Union, while in San Francisco Harbor
lie lias the largest Inland harbor in tlio
world.
His Western neighbors all call him
a "California Yankee," and . o deserves
tlie title, for he is as versatile as when
lie left tne New England Coast fifty
odd years ago.
lie cuts his grain with a great com
bined harvester that is really the larg
est automobile in the world, since it
moves by steam, but this big automobile
Is also a fast and effective worker, for
as it advances over a field of standing
grain, cutting a swatli thirty-two feet
wide, it leaves the sacks of grain in its
wake all threshed and sacked.
This California Yankee is a married
man, and he usually has l'our children
(3.52).
He owns his own farm, which is
not mortgaged, aud his account in tlie
savings bank lias increased for the
past eleven years.
He lives out of doors a great deal of
the time, and for tills reason lie is
twenty-seven pounds heavier than his
Yankee cousin.
His wife loves flowers, and she lias
oue little bed of violets, thirty acres in
all, from which she makes perfume.
She also has 3000 acres of sweet peas,
and a bed of wild poppies covering
many square miles. As to ber table
she is very particular, having 2300
acres in lier largest asparagus bed.
\ Ilcr husband sometimes takes to
mining, anil tlio queerest pliase in
which be indulges is in dredging lhe
bottoms of streams. He lias thirty
four dredgers, in which lie lias invested
$1,000,000, at work. These dredgers
bring up gold and mud from twenty
live feet below tlie surface of water,
and fifteen feet beneath tlio bottom
of the river bed. Our California Yan
kee is the only man iu tlio world who
takes a try at this sort of mining, but
then it netted him $3,000,000 lost year,
and he believes be will lie $5,000,000
the bettor at the close of the present
year.
Tho country in which he lives is 400
miles long, anil he is quite different
from other Cnlifornians or Westerners.
His voice sometimes lias the real New
England twang, and he often wears a
black slouch hat.
Strange that for a Yankee ho Is
something of a river man, and in 1801
ho taught Mark Twain liow to pilot
a flntboat up ilia Sacramento Itiver.
The year before that lie started in the
newspaper business, and he saw Mark
Twain and Bret llarte co-workers on
the Weekly California. It. was not
much of a paper. Mark Twain says
it was a "weakly paper," but Twain
and Bret Hnrtc worked very hard at
sl2 and S2O a week.
If you have read any one of the
above paragraphs you will realize that
this California Yankee lives in a won
derful country—a land of extreme fer
tility and of great natural resources.
Although its mineral wealth first
attracted the settlers to this great land,
and the golden days of '49 lured the
travelers from peaceful New England
farms, yet many a shorel that turned
for gold has cultivated the roots of an
orange tree.
Most of the settlers in this territory
originally came from the Atlantic
Coast States. They came by sea, as
the journey overland was too great,
but, having come, most of them re
mained. Only last week I saw an old
hulk that had long lain submerged in
a slough near Stockton, California.
This hulk was the corpus delicti of an
old sea-going vessel that was deserted
by all save her master, who stayed
"hard by" and built a house upon It,
where he kept a restaurant and dined
his comrades at the mess table for
many years.
At San Jcaquin City there is a
crumbling away of tile bones of au
other ship that came round the Horn.
This ship's hell was used for many
years at Durham's Ferry to summon
the ferryman to his work. That's the
way the Yankee first came to his new
country, and lie came by whaleboats
and all innuinr of craft. Arriving, he
chained his ship and let her rc'. while
he sought for gold.
On the other hand, the bulk of the
men who came to the Coast in '-19 over
the overland route ended up in the
Southern portion of the State, which
was natural, because the steep Sierras
headed them off.
Moreover, many of those who started
across the plains dropped by the way
side, and settled in Denver, Kansas
City, St. Louis and Omaha, but our
real New Englander—the man who
came "around the Horn," stayed in the
Slate, and has become the California
Yankee.
He is a vigorous type, and from a
monetary standpoint he is the most
successful small farmer in the coun
try. All hough the climate is almost
semi-tropic, yet he still is engaged in
pursuits eminently characteristic of
New England.
His dairy farming is carried on more
extensively than in any other locality
in tlte United Slates. lie raises sheep
and he has great farms,but no ranches,
lie is rarely clad in homespun, hut he
is simple and frugal. The country in
the great Central California Is almost
entirely composed of farms. The archi
tecture of tho villages, the churches,
tiie sunhouuets of tho women, all tell
of customs and habits transmitted from
New England, and that the "Califor
nia Yankee" has suffered no substan
tial change through his residence in
the l'aeiflo Coast New England.
Library JlmiKs on Street Col's.
The sli'oct-car-rhliug public of Now
I'ork has been having some uice things
said about it. The man who said
them is pretty well acquainted with
(he street-ear habits of every large
' ii.v in tho United States, and his ver
dict ought to he worth something.
"You Gothamitos may be great on the
push and pull and hustle," ho said,
"hut if the number of library books
seen in street cars these days are any
index to the public taste, you also stack
up pretty well Intellectually. I never
struck a town where so many street
car passengers read library hooks.
Even in the rush hours, when it is
all a person can do to find space for
Ids body, half tile people are bent on
mental expansion. Library books stare
you in the face, jab you in the back,
and bump your elbows ou the right
and loft. I have never taken the
trouble to find out the kind of litera
ture that there abounds, hut whatever
,t lie nature of tho books, the traveling
libraries thus displayed certainly do
give New York a mighty cultured ap
pearauce."—New York Times.
>'ot Particular.
Once while traveling General Molt
ke entered a small Swiss hotel, and
as the head waiter saw his gaunt fig
ure stalking in, wrapped in a worn-out,
dusty cloak, carrying aii old leather
sachet, ho measured his weallh by his
looks and ordered his assistant to
show him to a small room in the up
permost story.
As ho was making himself comfort
able in tlie attic another assistant
came, as is customary there, to ask
tlie silent stranger his name and rank
The consequence was that a few min
utes later tlie proprietor, in full dress,
appeared at the door of tlie attic to
inform His Excolleuey that a better
room had just been vacated.
"Give that to my servant,' replied
Moltke, "when lie comes with my car
riage. This is good enough for me."
And he remained.
London lloApitalta.
London hospitals are always on (he
dangerous edge of their resources, but
a doctor who lias been quietly investi
gating tile relations between means
and efficiency thinks that the means
are often wasted. Take, for example,
St. George's, which students at other
hospitals call the "kid glove hospital."
It occupies a corner of one of tlie most
crowded and noisiest areas in London.
That must lie bad for tlie patients. It
is on one of tlie most valuable sites in
London, which Is bad for its finances,
for the invalid's interest in his en
vironment docs not stretch far be
yond tlie edge of ills bed. The West
minster Hospital is in the same case.
Would it not lie better to set up fre
quent accident wards, aud to transfer
I lie hospitals to a cheaper and quieter
siteV—London Clirouicle.
Homo Life.
Do not be indifferent and selfish In
small matters. Coldness and careless
ness destroys the charms of home
life.—Now York News.
One of two things always happens
regarding a habit. You either master
it or it masters yon.
BayoneUng Lhe Mannikins w^praotce.
~¥ x USSIA lias adojited agro-
I J tesque but practical method
I \ ot Instructing young soldiers
(J in the use of the bayonet.
The authorities demonstrated to their
own satisfaction that the usual bayo
uct exercises, which are a part of the
regular drill, did not lit a man for ef
fective work in actual warfare.
An ingenious warrior conceived the
idea of having the young soldier prac
'' far
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RUSSIAN ARMY BAYONET PRACTICE WITH DUMMIES.
P THE LANSING |i
SKELETON. ||
iliililiiililliiiil
Among the subjects discussed by the
last International Congress of Ameri
canists was the antiquity of man. One
of the exhibits was the "Lansing
Man," consisting of a skull and a few
bones said to be at least 8000, and.
perhaps, 30,000 years old, found by a
THE SKULL OF THE "LANSING MAN."
(Variously estimated at from 8000 to 30,000 years old.)
farmer near Lansing, Kan., last Feb
ruary.
In the opinion of Professor T'pluini,
the Lansing skeleton offers probably
the oldest proof of man's presence on
this continent, yet it Is only a third,
probably only an eighth, as old as the
flint hatchets of St. Aclioul. It has
been estimated that mini in the Somme
Valley and other parts of France, and
in Southern England, made good pale
olithic Implements fully 100,000 years
ago. When the earliest man came to
America cannot probably be closely
determined. H may have been during
the glacial period: it may have been
earlier. In Professor Fpham's opinion
the Lansing discovery gives us much
definite knowledge of a glacial man,
dolichocephalic, low-browed and prog
nathous, having nearly tho same stat
ure of our people to-day. Professor
Williston believes that the Lansing
man was doubtless contemporary with
the equus fauna, well represented in
the late Pleistocene deposits of Kan
sas, which include extinct species of
the horse, bison, mammoth and lnastn
dou, moose, camels, llamas and pecca
ries. He was also the contemporary
of the late paleolithic men of Europe,
whose advanced Implements showed
tice ou mannikins, which are of life
size. To further carry out the illusion
the mannikins are placed 011 a fortifi
cation, which they are supposed to be
defending, and the recruits are or
dered to scale the stronghold and put
the defenders to the bayonet.
Tile mannikins are placed in all man
ner of positions. Some are suspended
in the air, others are kneeling and
some lying down. The idea is to teach
that they had developed beyond the
stages of primitive savagery.
Itemovable Cliair Seat.
There has been recently placed on
the market a patented removable chair
seat, two views of which are hero
shown. One illustrates the top, or visi
ble part of the seat, the other showing
the under portion and instantaneous
method of applying the seat to an old
chair in need of recalling. The sent
base is hard wood of suitable thick
ness, upholstered in a line grade of
leatherette and good quality of hy
gienic cotton felt, the leatherette being
carried over the edges and tacked se
curely to the under side of the seat it
self, which is about a half inch thick
complete. When re-seating a worn-out
cane-bottomcd or other clmir the most
inexpert have only to cut out the worn
scat, substitute the one here described,
which has a nicely tapered edge cover
ing the cane holes and making a good
REMOVABLE CHAIR SEAT.
linish, and then bend slightly the four
tough wrought steel hooks screwed to
the under side of the seat, 110 tools or
material being required to complete
the work. The seats are made in dif
ferent styles and sizes for various
kinds of chairs.
1 the soldiers liow to use the bayonet
most effectually, to show them how to
■ kill, or at least destroy, the fighting
■ ability of the man attacked with one
■ stroke. The mauulkius are movable,
; and if the beginner does not give the
proper thrust or cut the stroke fails.
It is a most lively and inspiring kind
of drill, and the soldiers enter upon ib
with amazing enthusiasm, and the
slaughter of the mannikins is frightful.
"CYCLISTS TAKE HEEDI"
Code of Warning I'orfected ly Intel na
tional Tour'.Htu* League.
An international code of warning
signals for the benefit of all cyclists,
and more particularly for those travel
ing in foreign countries with whose
language they are unfamiliar, has just
been composed. The series of danger
signs is of great simplicity, and has
Ride with adtci\lior\'
y
y
Da.r\oev- Di;mour\t'-
C ;
C&utiou;
C&uftouj Ob/lruct*ior\.
beofi unanimously adopted by the nine
teen national cycling associations
which comprise the Llgue Internation
ale des Associations Tourits.
The basis of the signals is the arrow,
which is in universal use in danger
signs, and is therefore easily under
stood by all cyclists.
Economy begins at borne more often
than does chhrlty.
The Largest Coffee Drying Fit
in tie World It Is at Boenolis, Brazil
by E. C. Post.) —New York Tribune.
THE BOY SULTAN
OF ZANZIBAR.
Ar.l BEN HAMUD, officially
to be known as Seyyid All,
lias been proclaimed Sultan
q of Zanzibar, under British
protection with Prime Minister Rogers
as Regent until tlio youthful African
is twenty-one. The dominions of the
new Sultan, who succeeds his lately 1
deceased father, comprise the islands
of Zanzibar (G25 square miles), Pemba
(3GO square miles), Mafia (200 square
miles), and Lamu (200 square miles).
The presenf British protectorate dates
from 1800, and the Prime Minister Is
always English. The dominions of
the qew Sultan form part of British
East Africa. The Standard (Loudon)
says:
"All Ben Hamud will have learned
at .libutil of the death of his father,
and of his succession to the sultanate,
'.-SSa
1_ J •• '' •-'
ALI BEN HAMUD.
(The now Sultan of Zanzibar.)
lie was traveling home in the com
pany of General Raikes, Commander
in-Chief of tlie Zanzibar forces, and of
Mr. Basil Cave, the British agent and
Consul in the island. As Sir Charles I
Eliot, his Majesty's Commissioner and >
Consul-Genera 1 in East Africa, is oil
his way home on leave, it will thus
be seen that the principal British au
thorities are absent from the scene,
and that in that respect the death of
tlie Sultan occurred at an inconvenient
moment. But Mr. Rogers, who suc
ceeded the late Sir Lloyd Mathews as
Prime Minister of the Zanzibar Gov
ernment, was at his post, and the du
ties of agent and Consul are in the
hands of the Vice-Consul, Mr. Kestell
Cornish. There seems to be no cause
for apprehending disturbances, Ger
man intrigues against British influ
ence having ceased with the abandon
ment of extra-terrltoriality under the
Samoan treaty, and the Germans be
ing responsible for Khaled, the un
successful claimant to the throne at
tlie time of tlie death of Hamid Ben
Tliwaln."
Although but seventeen, tlie boy j
Sultan has already married his cousin,
a princess of tlie royal house, who is
not yet twelve. He was educated in
England.
. Herbert Spencer, the Famous English
Philosopher
Mr. Spencer more than any other
man has dominated scientific thought
during the last quarter century; Ills
"Synthetic Philosophy" is ids monu
ment. lie is very old, ill and not yory
cheerful. lie regards with sorrow the
recent revival of imperialistic spirit in
England and elsewhere, and takes a
gloomy view of the future of mankind.
Women prompters have been tried at
the Berlin theatres with success, as it
lias been found that their voices carry
better across the stage and are less
audible in the auditorium.