Freeiand Tribune Established 1888. PUBLISHED EVKBY MONDAY AND THUKSDAT, BY TBI rRIBUJE FRINTIN& COMPANY. Limited OIVICE: MAIN STIIEET ABOVE CENTBE. F KEEL AND, PA. SUBSCRIPTION KATES: Ooe Year $1.50 Six Mouths 75 Four Months 50 Two Mouths 20 The date which the subscription is paid to Is on tno address label of each paper, the change of which to a subsequent date be comes a receipt for remittauee. Keep the figures in advance of the present (late, lie port promptly to this office whenever paper is not received. Arrearages must be paid when subscription is discontinued. Ma'.e nil monty orders, checks, etc,,payabL Co lAe Tribune PrinUnj Company, Limited. The development of manufacturing enterprise in the South, more es pecially in the direction of the manu facture of garments, is exhibited in the fact that a branch of the National Gar ment Workers' Union has been orga nized at Knoxville, Tenu. This is the first union of the kind to be orga nized in the state. Governor Roosevelt, in his address to the class of 1899 at Cornell Univer sity, said: "Our country can better afford to lose all of the men who have amassed millions than to lose one-half of ita college-bie 1 men. Wo can get along without men of enormous wealth, but uot without meu of kraina." The Philadelphia Bulletin has been making a comparison of the number of people in that city who attend the theatre and those who attend church, and finds the church attendance far in excess. The weekly attendance at the different places of amusement, it says, is uot more than 170,000. It is hard to compute the churjh attendance, ex actly. Figures recently compiled show that in ten leading universities in the United States there are 21,000 stu dents and over 2, GOO professors, the average being nine students to each professor. Harvard University leads, with 3,900 students au 1 411 pro fessors; next comes the University of I Michigan, with 3,200 students and I 222 instructors, and next the Univer- j sity of Pennsylvania, with 2,835 stu dents and 2GO professors. Then fol- 1 low, in order, Yale, with 2,500 stu deuts and 255 pr. feasors; California,' 2,400 students, 28 I professors; Chiea-! go 2,300 students, 212 professors;! Columbia, 2,00) students, 328 pro-, sensors; North western, 2,000 students, | 222 professors; Cornell, 2,000 stu-l dents, 328 professors; and Johns! Hopkins, GlO students, 125 pro-1 feasors. The extraordinary revelation was made at a recent meeting of the State Savings' Bank association of New York, says Leslie's Weekly, that there was in the savings bauks of the Em pire state 51,500,000 in dormant ac counts. The savings banks of New Yo.k state now hold about $600,0 )0, 000 of the people's money and the dormant accounts of $1,500,000 re main without any evidence that theil owners will ever call for them. SOlll4 of them have been dormant for over 50years. One bank in the city ol Albany reports tbat its unclaimed ac counts aggregated over $27,000. Some of these accounts have claimants who will appear in due season. Wo must, indeed, be a rich and prosperout nation when we can overlook a little item of over $1,500,000 lying uu claimed in the savings banks of i single state. The oft-repeated statement that "i is worry that kills, not work," is con tradicted by an eminent specialist it nervous disorders. This authority declares that neither work or worry are baneful in themselves, not even when carried to excess, but that it it the monotonous, unbroken continun- 1 tion of the excess of either than is ex ceediugly injurious. Every form ol prolonged incut d strain without i complementary relaxation in some form of physical activity acts disas trously upon the nerve cells, while the continuation of worry which in itself is so far wholesome as it shows a commendably sensitive orga nization, terminates in the ruin of the nervous system. The athlete, he declares, must be recommended to take up some Hue of mental study, and the scholar must be encouraged to adopt some regular form of physi cal exercise. Absolute rest is fre quently as ineffective in restoring an overwrought nervous system as the whole gamut of nervines, stimu lants, baths, massage and electricity. What is needed is the change of occu pation to counteract or complement the ordinary habits and employments. BEST OF THE VANDERBILTS. - 1 It often lias been saidtliat the late Cornelius Vanderbilt was the "best of the A'auderbilts." By that was meant that be was the hardest worker, the most generous hearted, the most public spirited and the most lovable of the numerous and enormously rich family which bear that name. Though the son and grandson of men of immense wealth, Mr. Vanderbilt began as a bank clerk after a common school education, and underwent a useful training in industry and independence. His fortune is estimated at $125,000,000, though it is impossible to know the oxact amount. The total inheritance tax to bo paid to the Nation and State out of the Vanderbilt estate has been esti mated at from $3,500,000 to $5,000,000. goooooooooooooooooocoooooo o WHAT NOBLE MEN AND £ g WOMEN ARE DOING FOR § ;: THE CUBAN REPUBLIC. 8 03000000000003000000000000 The Cuban Orphan Fund, which is now fully started and doing good work among the orphaued children of the "reconceutrados" of Cuba, is really the outcome of the American Commission to Cuba last fall, prior to the raising of the American flag over the island. The organization is entirely non sectarian; the children are cared for physically and mentally, entirely ir respective of any religious sect. Their condition is pitiable, and the neces sity for betteriug it is imperative. The men at the head of the fund are men who have personally come in contact with the misery, poverty and utter destitution of the children of Cuba. These men are intelligent, farsee ing, and fully appreciative of the benefit which must eventually accrue to the United States if these orphans are properly educated and trained. There is to be no attempt made to MISS LEVY AND HER STTN-BURNRD PETS. proselytize them, beyond teaching them to be moral and honest. To better understand the terrible condition of the peasants of Cuba, who are the ones now being benefited, a few quotations from the report of one of the American Commission sets the facts more plainly before the pub lic. He says; "Cuba was not suffering from a commercial or financial panic. It was in a state of utter prostration and col lapse. Businnis and agricultural life hud long cea&ed. The whole islaud was dead. "Even now the result of Weyler's order of reconcentratiou is not under A CUBAN KINDERGARTEN. ntood or appreciated in this country. Should the commanding generulinthe American Army iesuo an order the re sult of which would be that one eonld travel from Mew York to ltochester and not see one cow, not one chicken, not one farm houße, not one man working in the fields, it would be something similar to the result of General Weyler's reconcentration or der in Cuba. //A SCHOOL FOR ADVANCED GIIILS. "The whole rural life of three great provinces—Havana, Matanzas and Santa Clara—was absolutely blotted out. Occasionally a clump of banana trees, whose roots had escaped the Are, or a scarlet creeper, would BIIOW where a farm house had stood; but the tropical growth quiokly covered the ruins. It was inconceivable that in the midst ,of this teeming vegeta tion the country should be a desert, for no sign of human life appeared. "On the contrary, every town and oity visited was thronged with beg gars, many of them emaciated and gaunt; women, children, cripples and a few broken-spirited men; and the dreadful odor of every place occupied by Spanish soldiers. There was no decency, there was no sanitation; in our sense of tlio word, iudeed, there was no discipline. It was a wanton and profligate devastation in the time of peace." Amid all this misery, and herding together like cattle, were the little children, the future citizeus of Cuba, whether as a republic or as a part of tho United States. And it was for the upbringing and developing of tho futtiro generation of the island that the Cuban Orphan Relief Fund was started. Mr. Charles W. Gould, who is very prominently connected with the fund, made a remark a few days ago which corroborates a statement made by a Catholic priest, who hud just returned from Havana, as to the patriarchal system in Cuba. Mr. Gould said: "1 never saw anything to equal the love and sacrifice of the Cuban parents. The men died first, the women followed, and it is the children who are left." These remarks aive an idea of what the Cuban Orphan Fund started out to do. Miss Laura D. Gill was seleoted as best fitted to represent the trustees of the fund in Cubs. She has two assistants, Miss Levy nud ADVANCED ENGLISH CLASS. Miss Wilson, and these three brave women, to use the words of one of the promineut members of the fund, "are doing as true missionary work as any ever did." Miss Gill write*: "In Sancti Spiritns we found a condition of suffering which is much more serious than anything which we have seen before. There are over four hundred children who need to be taken care of right away, and the town has only been able to provide for twenty-five little girls, who were selected because they were physically worse oft' than anybody else in town. Although they have now been cared for nearly six weeks, they are still mere little skeletons, aud almost make one doubt whether it was any kindness to help them to live a few years longer." Miss Gill's last report gives most encouraging news: "We may now count that the Santa Maria del Rosario work is established. It is, as you know, of a purely settle ment character, with headquarters in a house rented from ex-Governor Mora, in which Miss Levy aud Mrs. Raraaga, her Cuban assistant, reside and in which the kindergarteu will be held for the present. "The house has been furnished, and the women are thoroughly installed in their new home. The boys of the town have come in quite large num bers, requesting instruction, and sev eral women have been in to ask if they might be taught to sew and clean and work according to our American methods. The little children simply swarm around the house. The Mayor, General Boze, of the Cuban army, will have a tract of municipal land plowed up for them with the town oxen, and Miss Levy is going to give them seeds and simple little tools and arrange for a man to advise them about simple crops, hoping that in this way she may come to influence their diet and, to Borne extent, their housekeep ing ideas." It has been urged by many that the directors of the Cuban Orphan Fund are wasting an unnecessary amount of money 011 tbeir plant—i. e., the pur chase of buildiugs for homes, orphaD asylums and schools. This is not the case, as the buildings which are set tled and used for this purpose are prac tical ly given for the purpose. The pictures here presented vera all takeu on the spot, and show the practical good which is being dona by the representatives of the fund, Angling In I.aptHiid. Enthusiasts in the gentlo art of angling will be interested iu the rec ords of a recent expedition to Lapland. It is au uncomfortable and expensive voyage, and the entire absence of any proper food in the country renders it necessary to take everything which the ordinary civilized being may re quire. But in these days of condensed nourishment of all kinds that is not a very formidable matter. On arriv ing at their destination the party of two rods and their followers found the river frozen so that they had to sit down patiently on the banks and wait for a thaw. When that came there was too much water, and fishing was an impossibility. But when the river got into oondition they had grand sport. They fished for eleven days, and during that time the two rods got a total of 282 salmon and 155 grilse, in all weighing nearly 5000 pounds. Tho best day's catch for one rod was thirty-three salmon and tweutv-two grilse, weighing 553 pounds in all.— London Telegraph. Ilaling Uelndeer For Canning. At Telemarken, 111 Eastern Norway, a company has just secured a tract of mountain land fifty miles square for breeding and raising reindeer. As a start 2100 head of deer have been bought, and it is intended that the number shall bo increased by births and buying to something like 4000 head, 1000 of which will bo killed every year. In addition to the send ing out of venison in the carcass re frigerator cars and chambers on ves sels a quantity will be put up iu tins to prevent glutting of the markets iu the winter. KIMBERLEY'S DIAMOND MINES. Our Conaul-Oeueral at Cape Town Gives an Account of Hie Visit There. Consul-General J. G. Stowe, ol Cape Town, has sent to the Slate De partment an exhaustive account of a trip which ho recently made through South Africa to examine into tho in dustrial development of the country. In the course of his report Mr. Stowe gives an interesting report of his visit to tho Kimberley diamond mines. "The City of Ivimberley," he says, "is 047 miles from Cape Town—a ride of two days aud one night. It has a population of 35,000 and the greatest diamond mines in the world. The United States is represented here by a consular ngent—Mr. Gardner F. Will iams, who is the general manager of the mines. I was pleased to learn that many of the most responsible positions are held by Americans. "The company occupies 200,000- acres of land, employs 15,000 natives and 25,000 whites, consumes each month in the 'compounds' 25,000 pounds of mutton and 200,000 pounds of beef, turus out 220,000 carats of dia monds a month,uses 0000 tons of coal a day,has 2000 horses aud mules,twelve stallions of the best breeds (some from America) and 200 brood mares. The shops connected with the mines tor the manufacture aud repair of ma chinery and supplies compere well with some of our large harvester fac tories or railroad shops? "I was not at all surprised to see American machinery here. The im mense driving power of a pumping engine made in Englaud had to be sent to Chicago to have tho cogs cut. The oompany is operating an ioe plaut sent from Chicago, and has threo tuoro ordered, each with a capacity of five tons per day and 20,000 feet of cold storage; and n complete dynamite plant, with an American to manage it, is on its way here from America. "One hundred and fifty miles of nar row gauge railroad in and around tho mines are laid with American rails and every tie or sleeper is made of California redwood, whioh in this country is par excellence tho best wood for such a purpose. It is also used in many other ways. Three ships from California have arrived with cargoes of redwood and Oregon pine. Tho company sells its ioe for hnlf a cent per pound to all, while in Cape Town the charge is four cents per pound. "No corporation in the world does more for its employes. It has built the village of lieuilworth, covering 500 acres nud occupied by 500 em ployes at nominal rents. Water nud light are supplied free, and there is a clubhouse, a library, reading rooms, athletio grounds, a park nud vegetable gardens, with vines and fruit of all kinds in profusion." Treasures of lluccaneer Lorenrlllo. Areas is the name of n point in tho coast of Campeche where there is a lighthouse, aud the keeper is Rosendo de Leon. News has just bceu re ceived that a few days ago Don Rosen do was whiling away dull timo on the sandy seashore, looking for the eggs of the turtles which swarm along the coast. To look for the eggs * it is necessary to dig up the saud, aud while in this operation in a secluded spot, amoug some big stones, he found not luscious turtle eggs, but bright bars of gold aud silver. He at once advised the federal authorities of Campoche, who sent a party to gather up the treasure. It is said tho value of the bars is fabulous, but it is not yet made known by the '.ocal authorities. Tho part that per tains by law to the finder, it is said, will be more than enough to make Don Rosendo happv and idle for the rest of his life, aud he has already resigued his position as lighthouse keeper at Aroas. It is supposed that these pold and filver bars were buried there by the amous old pirate, Loreuoillo, who, in the halcyon days of tho buccaneers, was the terror of the Gulf of Mexico, the Yucatan Coast nnd the seas around Cuba.—Two Republics, Modern Courtship Uiiromnntic. There is something quite idyllic about the fresh air courtships that are going on during these latter days. Truly, one would think that the love fostered by wind and sunshine might well be purer and more enduring than a fancy engendered in a ballroom, aud aided by dinners, the opera, etc. A throe mile match over the golf links with a congenial compauiou, or a tramp through bog and heather on a shooting expedition before breakfast, are tho roads for matrimony of the summer girl of 1899. One cannot help faucying that thel human race will be stronger aud better for these methods of wooing. There is also a good comradeship and congeniality implied by such companionship which seems particularly desirable. These latter day courtships may be matter of fact, but they are certainly breezy and altogether delightfully, aud the moonlight girl and the piazza girl of yore possess no more romautio or tender memories of tho lovemaking of their youth than our young amazons of to-day will have iu tho years to come.—New York Tribune. TU Monotony That Kill*. No one will deny that "variety 19 the spice of life," but scieuce goes further. A specialist in nervous dis orders says that it is monotoLy that kills, and that variety is tho actual preservative of life. Mental strain demands relaxation through physical activity, while physical axertion must lind rest iu mental effort. The day dreamer should betake herself to practical tasks and tho bustling liouso wife needs to cultivate a love for oc casional idleness of muscle, while she reads anything, from sentimental novels to stirring essays. Absolute physical rest does not recruit the ex hausted energies as quiokly as change %t occupation. RAILROAD TIME TABLES. MUCH DEPENDS ON THE ACCURACY OF THEIR MAKE-UP. Important and Difficult Work—Vast Nnm ber of Details Has to Be Considered— Lot* of Train* Itun That Aro Not Sched uled on the Time Tables. Everybody is more or less acquainted with the general working of the rail road business, but there are a number of details which, though of great im portance, aro not quite so familiar. The construction of a railroad time table may be taken as an example. The necessity and value of u time table are unquestioned, for there is 110 composition that is more studied and upon which more depends than this little folded strip of paper with its apparently uninteresting ligures, and nearly everybody has wondered at some time or other how the wonder ful accuracy and harmony of the whole have been attained. The time table familiar to every patron of a railroad is not at all a complete one, for only a small pro portion of the trains that are run on any road are indicated upon the folder for distribution. There are many trains running at all times that the traveler knowns or cares nothing about, but these, like the passenger trains, must have their scheduled run ning time. Every railroad division lias a special lime table for the uso of its engineers and trainmen, and this consists of a large card of perhaps four feet in length and two in width. Upon this card is given all the information neces sary regardiug the movements of every engine and train, so arranged as to be •een at a glance. The work of getting up a time table requires some time, and it is not ex aclty the work of any one man. At the head of every railroad division there is a passenger agent, who has charge of all through trains and all trains running through onto roads not iu his division. He knows when these trains are to start, when they should reach their destinations, and what connections they will make upon his own or other divisions. This is the beginning of the time table. A schedule is made of these data, and as soon as it found that all is in workiug order the schedule, which contains only information about the regular and more impor tant trains,is given to the trainmaster, who at once proceeds to make it com plete. This is an arduous task, and re quires considerable time. The train uiaslcr takes a large board, seven or eight feet long and about four feet wide, and tacks a sheet of paper over it. The sheet of paper is then ruled off into little squares with heavy lines. The spaces between the vertio'd lines represent eaoh five minutes of the running day of twenty-four hours; those between tho horizontal lines represent tho stations at which any train may stop. In the operations which follow the trainmaster must work with a thor ough knowledge of the road. He must be intimately acquainted with every inch of it, its road-bed, grades, switohes, stations, and, in fact, every thing that has any possible relation to the speed or safety of a train. The purpose he has in yiew in mak ing his time table is to arrange the runs of each engine and train on the road that there will be no waste of time aud no confusion. He knows from bis schodule reoeived from the passenger agent that certain tram must be given tho right of way over all other trains. A train is to leave station A, for example, at 12.05 o'clock, to arrive at station X at 4o'clock. The trainmas ter takes a thread and tacks one end of it in tho space at the upper part of tho sheet which is marked in largo figures, 12.05, and on aline with sta tion A. The other end ho draws along to the other side of the sheet and at taches it iu the space under the figure 4 aud on a liue with the station marked X. All intermediate stations tonchod by tho passing train are also desig nated by a tack placed in its appro priate square, with the thread wound around it, and tho result is in many cases a zigzag line, for tho distnnees between stations nre often unequal aud besides a train will go faster on one part of the road than upon nn othor by reason of grades, etc. This same process is carried on with all the other trains. Whore trains have a clear road the trainmaster has a simple enough job of it. His real hard work corns in wheu trains meet each other, especial ly on siuglo track roads. This must bo provided for in the time table, and mauy weary hours aro spent in so placing a train that it may switoh the other to pass by. Having finished with his passenger trains to uis satis faction, the maker of tho time table proceed to get bis freights out of the way. Theso present a problora of no mean proportious, for ou a largG road they oome and go every few minutes, and somehow tlioy must givo way to the express nnd other passenger trains. Sometimes it requires days for tho traiumastor to get all straight. The times of these freights, like tho more important passenger trains, aro fixed by means of strings, aud when the trainmaster is through tho sheot looks like a pieco of orazy laoe work. The only thing remaiuing then to bo done is the copying of the slioet for tho printor, a simple operation, for the time aud station designated by each tack along the string is written out in full. Every road has a number of trains running ulong its line that never find a place upon a time table. These are the "extras," the emergenoy freights, and the management of these devolves wholly upon the conductor, who studies the time table and tiikes what time he can get between tb/; runs of other trains. This method of "wild catting" is oommon, a * I it is cause for wonder that so few u. jidents result from it. SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL. The calcined ashes of seaweed, known as "kelp," was formerly a most important product and entered largely into the Scotch manufactured glass, finding a considerable use also in arts, but in recent years this industry has been almost entirely abandoned. The magnetic observations at the Vienna Observatory have had to be entirely discontinued on account of the bad effects o! the electric tramways and electric light wires. The direc tor of the observatory has submitted a plan to tho Government for a new observatory, to be situated some dis tance from Vienna. Interesting experiments were re cently conducted on board of the French battleship Jaureguiberry, to determine tho limit of distinct vision at sea. A balloou was held captive at an elevation of 1300 feet while the Carnot endeavored to locate the bal loon with her searchlights at distances varying from five to twenty-five miles. The experiments proved that tho limit of vision under the circumstances was about twenty miles. In a new sy3tem of pressing cloth, German silver wires are embedded in asbestos laid up between two sheets of card, and two terminals of the wires being brought to opposite cor ners of the cards; the whole is then used between the folds of the cloth to bo pressed. Contact is made by means of clips. The temperature can be per fectly controlled, and there is no dan ger of burning the goods. A Montclair (N. J.) lady reports that a remarkable bird has been fre quenting her lawn of late. It is noth ing more than a white robin. The face is white and the back and wings have white bars crossing the usual blackish brown. The other robins seem to be afraid of this freak brother and will have nothing to do with him. Some years ago a number of white English sparrows were reported. The variation, howover, did not persist, nor apparently is it likely to do so in the ca3e of the Montclair curiosity. This is undoubtedly what the natu ralists call a "sport," one of those ec centricities for which nature refuses to give a reason. The same thing has been observed in the plant world, more frequently, however, under cul tivation than in nature. And in no caso in an adequate explanation avail able. Dictated a Loiter to Himself. A certain young railroad man who has charge of a department in the auditing branch of his company's business, had occasion recently to dio tate a letter to the head of a corre sponding department of another road. There was a point in dispute be tween the two railroads involving monoy, and this young official had taken a stubborn ground that the other official was totally at fault and ad vanced what seemed to him unanswer able arguments to prove it. A short time after he had forwarded the letter he received a proposition from hendquartors of tho other rail road, which he accepted, and within a few days he became tho bead of the department with which he had been in dispnte. The first lelter which ho fonud on file ready to bo answered was bis own on the point in question. There was only one thing to do. He immedi ately dictated an answer to his own letter, refuting and repudiating its arguments, and wound up by a heated insinuation that tbo writer of it was au unmitigated donkey. Of course, the letter was addressed to himself and signed by himself, but in his en thusiasm for the interests of his now employer ho did not mind a little thing like that.—Chicago News. Marble Hearts Organize. A Wisconsin town has entered the lists as the promoter of a very singu lar crusade. It is tho organization of the Marble-Heart Anti-Matrimonial Association, into which all the bache lors of tho place have been induced to cast their fortunes. An initiation fee ot $25 and annual dues of $lO aro ox acted; tho young man joining is pledged not to marry, but should he break the vow, he loses all claim to tho funds of tho society. Tho last Marble-heart to remain unmarried gets the whole fund, aud then is at liberty to marrv if he wishes. The young women have organized a coun ter society, whose vow is not to marry anyone of the male Marble hearters. Thero is, however, no stonewall or strong block in the way of tho breaking of the pledge in either organization. Penny Wedding*. Tho Sootland penny weddings were so called, nlthough the guests con tributed shillings, aud occasionally half crowns, toward the wedding feast. Tho penny wedding of Ger many is on a different basis. The bride receives her guests with a basin before her, in which everybody de posits o jewel, a silver spoon or piece of mouey. In some parts of Germany the expense of a marriage is met by each guest paying for what he eats aud drinks, and, moreover, at u very high rate, so that the young couple thereby obtain a sum sufficient to start them nicely iu life. As many as 300 guests ofton assemble. In Poland a girl is not eligible for marriage un til she hn3 not only made her own trousseau, but the garir ints for the friends that will aoeompauy the bride groom to the altar.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers