MATHEMATICAL SIGNS. Origin of Plus, Minus, Multiplication and Division Symbols. The sign of tidilltlou Is dcrlvi-d from the Initial letter of tlie word plus In making tlie rnpltnl letter it was made more uod inure carelessly until the top part of the "p" wns (Innlly placed iieiir the renter; In-nee the plus sign ns we know it whs cruriimlly readied. The sign of suhtructluu was derived from the word minus." The word was Hist nun iiicied In in. n. a., with n horizontal Hue above to indicate that gome of i!r- letters h.:d Urn Id, out At last the t--f tT-r wrr "lit't-d .!!' gether. lejivittj; only the shore Hiil'. The in ii 1 1 1 r . ! I Hfon siun wai clitalned by chaiiKlm; the plus sign into the let ter "x." Thl; was done Ltinusc inui tlpllcntlon Ih Ii.ii a shorter 'on;i of nil aition. Division nas l'oiniLily indicated li.v placing the dividend nlmve a horizon tnl line and the divisor below. In or der to save space In printing, the divi dend was placed to the lift -ami the divisor to the rl;.'ht. After years of "evolution" Mio two "C.'j." were 01:. It led altogether and simple rtnH ? "t the place of each. As with ill.' uihcrs. the radical sign was derived from the Initial letter of the word "null:;." The sign of equality was llrst used In the year 1"7 by a aimrp mathema tician, who substituted It to avoid fre quently repeating the words "equal to." St. James' finzette. UNCLE SAM. The Way Our Nickname Is 8aid to Have Originated. This familiar nickname for the Unit ed States Is said to have come about in the following manner: During the war of 1812 the United States government entered into n con tract with Elbert Anderson to furnish supplies to the army. Whenever the United States buys anythiug from 11 contractor It appoints an Inspector to see that the goods are up to the speci fications. In this case the government appointed a man by the name of Sam uel Wilson. He was a Jolly, whole souled man and was familiarly known as Uncle Sam. It was his duty to Inspect every box and cask that cftme from Elbert An derson, the contractor, and if the con tents were all right the eargo was marked with the letters "E. A.-U. S.." the Initials of the contractor and of the United States. The man whose duty It was to do thlB marking was something of a joker, and when somebody asked him one day what these letters stoid for he said that they meant Elbert Andersor and Uncle Sam. Everybody. Including Uncle Sam himself, thought this a very good Joke, and by and by It got Into print, and before the end of the war It was known all over the country, and that is haw the United States received the name of Uncle 8am. Des Moines Reg ister and Lender. Worshiping a Turtle. At a place culled Kotron. on th French Ivory Coast, the natives be lieve that to eat or destroy a turtle would mean death to the guilty one ot sickness among the family. The fetlct men, of which there are plenty, declare that years ago a man went to sea fish ing. In the night his canoe was thrown upon the beach empty. Three days afterward a turtle came ashora at the same place with the man on Its back alive and well. Since that time they have never eaten or destroyed one of that species, although they en Joy other species. If one happens now to be washed ashore there Is a great commotion in the town. First the women sit down and start singing and beating sticks: aext a small piece of white cloth (color must be white) is placed on the tur tle's back. Food is then prepared and placed on the cloth, generally plan tains, rice and palm oil. Then, amid a lot more singing, dancing and antics of the fetich people, It Is carried back Into the sea and goes on Its way re joicing. Too Much Expense. "Yes," said Mr. Tyte-Phlst, "I was Just stepping on the car when the conductor gave the motorman the sig nal to go ahead, and the car started. My foot went out from under me, and I sat down on the muddy crossing, ruining a twenty-two dollar suit of clothes." "Then you sat there, swore like a trooper and gnashed your teeth in cage, I suppose," remarked the sym pathizing listener. ,"No," said Mr. Tyte-Phlat "I may have sworn a Uttle, but I didn't do ut gnashing. My teeth are new and BOfit me 30."-Culcago Tribune. Waked Them Un. Dr. Hans Richter, the famous con ductor, while supervising a rehearsal In a London theater once was much annoyed at the calm way the players were taking the Impassioned music. "Gentlemen, gentlemen," said he, suddenly stopping short, "you're all playing like married men, not like lov ers." Westminster Gazette. Not Hia Fault Howell A good deal depends on the formation of early habits. " Powell I know it When 1 was a baby my mother hired a woman to wheel me about, and I have been pushed for money ever since. London Mail. On Time. , "Does be eve do anything on time?" "Oh, yes. He quits work." Detroit Free Press. When you sell an article by weight, remember that other people have scales. Atchison Globe. RACE WAGERS IN INDIA. Native's Method of Choosing a Winner and Making Bett. The native of India wagers til money nciordlng to ihe colors nuih by the jo keys it ml takes no heed of the uierliM of the horses, or lie will buck a horse riddeu by tils favorite Jockey, no mutter whether the animal Is a rank outsider or not. Ills ideas of gambling. In tact, are distinctly novel. Some of the more wealthy Indians form lings and back every horse in the race, I lifts gaining the satisfaction of getting a winner every lime. - It Is really only of laic veil rs 1 1 in t the native of India has Iie-X I'oine u habitual gambler on the turf, and nowadays the bulk of the liettln? of the various racing centers ju India Is dene by natives. hitler,!. I lie an iliorliles lire some'.vhat concerned about the growth of the betting which takes place nmone: Jcdlan natives. It bein;: iisserted that us many as il lriy l-ic:; of rupees (about CodO.fKIDi Is lost and won In the course of a season. The Ignorant masses have not n great ileal ef actual money to wager, but so badly b'tten are ninny of theiv with Hie or:" e forfeiting at race meet Inirs that t!vy frequently wa.'er what little property they possess on a horse ami If they lose they simply replace their loss by stealing a neighbor's goods. The consequence Is that whrn the racing season conies around tin police are kept very busy dealing with cases of petty larceny and other crimes Involving loss of property. London Tit-Hits. NOT ANNOYED. The Directors Were Rather Pleased at the Barrister'e Refusal. Mr. Reader Harris. K. C. was once offered a brief marked 50 guineas on behalf of a railway company that wished to obtain a refreshment license for a particular railway station. He returiied the brief on conscientious grounds, but inter on It was seut back to him with a fee of 100 guineas marked on It This time be returned It with a note In which he explained that his refusal was due to a matter of principle. Subsequently be met one of the directors of the company and expressed a hope that he and his col leagues were not annoyed at bis con duct. 'Not at nil." said the director. "I'll tell you all about it. So-and-so, the big brewer, was sitting on the board for the first time at the meeting at which the solicitor reported that your brief marked 50 guineas bad been re turned. 'Who's this psalm singing humbug?' he asked. 'Mark the brief 100 millions and I'll bet you anythln:; you like he'll take it.' 'Oh. you will, will you? asked the chairman. You see. we all knew you. Harris. We took the brewer on at 5 to 1 in live pound notes. He booked the bets with every one of us. and be has paid up." London Scraps. ' A Curious Receipt. Hanover's registrar discovered a very curious document some time ago as he was looking through a bundle of papers that date back to the eight eenth century. The document is a re ceiptprobably the only one of Its kind in existence which was given to a Hanoverian captain by a canon of Duisburg during the Seven Tears' war. "I, the undersigned." It reads, "here by acknowledge that I have received fifty blows of a stick, which were in flicted upou me by a lieutenant of Cap tain B.'s regiment as a punishment for the stupid and frivolous calumnies which I have uttered In regard to the regiment of chasseurs. For my Im prudent words I now admit that I am profoundly sorry. I received my pun ishment lying on a heap of straw and held by two men, and I bear testimony to the fact that the officer struck me as vigorously as he could with a stick that was as thick as my finger. "In proper form and with due grati tude I sign this receipt and avow that all therein Is true." Hard to Kill. , A crocodile's tenacity of life Is most remarkable. "I remember one time," says a traveler In India, "I was with a shooting party on the Ganges when the natives brought In a six foot croco dile. They hoped some one would want to buy It but no one did, so It was de termined to kill the creature. It was hauled out of the tank and tied to a tree. Bullets- from a small rifle or nn ordinary gun seemed only to Irritnte the saurian, nor did he seem to care very much when a native thrust a spear down his throat. Finally they were obliged to dispatch . him with axes. Even then the tall thrashed about for no Uttle time after." Not That Kind. "Once in a Bible lesson," said a Sunday school teacher, "I repeated the text 'Arise and take the young child and his mother and flee Into Egypt' And then I showed the children a large picture that Illustrated the text In bright colors. "The children studied this picture eagerly. Then they all frowned; all looked rather disappointed. Finally a little girl said: " Teacher, where is the fleaf " ' Where to 8ing. "I will sing something restful to you, dear," said a lady to her morose hus band. "Shall I sing Tar, Far Away?" "I wish you would," was the bitter reply. "It would save the trouble of apologizing to the neighbors." How Those Girls Love One Another. Maud And the last thing that Henry did was to give me a kiss. Mabel- Indeedl I should think that Is about the last thing he would do.-Illustrnted Bits. , The Coughing Bean. To the ordinary housemaid tbf fall ing of a house plain Into a violent paroxysm of coiiuliln r . Is naturally dlsconcertlim. Yet there ure plums which villi do this when the broom or the duster begins to make dust lly. This singular plant I- the "coughln:.' beau," known to tlie bolanlst ns the Eiitiula tussleus. It Is a native or warm and moist troplc.il couuiries and cannot and will not stand dust. When dust settles upon the breathing pores in the leaves of this plant and chokes them a gas accumulates Inside the leaves anil when .lt gains siilllclenl strength forcibly "blows oil." clearing the pores, of dust and making a sound exactly like coughing. At the same time (he leaves tronfble and the plant actually "gels red In the face" through the sinking of the green chlorophyll grains and (lie appearance of red par ticles, on the leaves. -Ths plant Is sometimes used as a house plant, and sweeping the room sets It coughing, to the Intense astonishment of persons not fu iiillisil- with Its peculiarities. London Chronicle. Pffld For the Kiss. Lord Xorthoote was once inii lo curi ous use of while governor gencinl of Australia, says Loudon M. A. I'. .sm.li ing one night through an avenue of somber trees to a friend's house to dinner, he was suddenly pounced upon by n inaldseN'iint. who kissed hlin ef fusively and pressed a little parcel Into ills hand. "Here's u sausage for you. I can't come out tonight, as master has conipnny." she whispered and as mys teriously disappeared. When he got to the house lie found one of Ills servants loitering by the gate. "What are you doing there?" usked Lord Northcote. "I'm waiting for my sweet heart." the man stammered. "Where is she?" "In service here." "Ah, then, I am right. Here Is a sausage from your sweetheart, and she wishes me to tell you that she cannot come out to night, ns her master has company." Seeing that the man looked nervous, he added kindly: "She also gave me a kiss for you, but perhaps you would rather wait until you see her. Here Is 5 shillings instead." Round About Dorking. The neighborhood of Dorking, where George Meredith lived, has many liter ary associations Independent of Its connection with that famous novelist. It was at Burford Bridge, near Dor king, that Keats completed "Endym lon" In November, 1817; close by, at the Rookery, was born Father Mnl thus. the popular economist, and at West Humble Frances Uurney. after her marriage with General d'Arblay. built Camilla cottage with profits of lit-r novel of that name and settled down. Sheridan resided at Polesden li ml John Stuart Mill at Mlckleham. while other illustrious residents in the locality in earlier times were John Evelyn and Daniel Defoe. To most people, however, the chief literary as sociation of Dorking Is with Dickens, for was it not at the Marquis of (!rau by's, variously Identified with the White Hart and the Old King's Head, that Mr. Weller. Sr., made the fatal blun der of proposing to a "vldder?" West minster Gazette. English Difficult to Pronounce. k The difficulty of English for stran gers does not lie in Its orthography, but In Its pronunciation. Abroad peo ple will constantly say that they can read and write English readily, while nimble to utter n word or to under stand, a word of the spoken language, as. of course, vice vcrsn. a great many English and Americans can read and write French long before they can un derstand or make themselves under stood. The other languages are just us dlllicult for them to pronounce as English is for others. The only dif ference Is that English stands alone with Its system or lack of system of pronunciation. When a Frenchman knows bow to write German he Is nt the same time able to speak the lan guage. If not beautifully, at least so as to bo understood. The same holds for a German speaking French. Pro fessor Albert Schlnz In North Ameri can Review. Petty thieves are hanged; great thieves are asked to dinner. (Jt'ivi -i Proverb THE TOWN THAT PUSH BUILT IX. The Foxy Shoe Dealer '"J"' HIS la the shoe man who found A In his hand the bill that went round 'Mong all the people who advertised. He hired a man whose work he prized And paid him with the jeweler's bill From the hardware merchant's till, Where it went when the clothing deal er bought From the furniture man, which the clothier got When to him the dry gooda merchant went With the bill the butcher wisely spent When hia friend the grocer had settle ment made ' With cash the honest workman paid. MORAL. The little story we've told is meant To show you clearly that money spent At bom will help us all and then Return to the owner to spend again That is, if dealers art also wye ' And do not fail to advertise. Giving the Bride a Tip. "Here's a little pointer for you," said the bride of last year to the brUe of this year. "I'll tell you my own expe rience, and you can judge for yourself what to do. When we returned from our wedding trip and I began to rum make through George's belongings I found six or seven pairs of gloves and at least nine pairs of silk hose, things that be bad never had on. They had been tucked a way in all sorts of places. Most of them I at once recog nized as presents I had given to him from time to time. Resides them. I found a lot of handkerchiefs still un used, handkerchiefs that- I had em broidered bis initial on with my own bands. . "What do you suppose I did? Fool ishly I gathered them all together and spread them out on the bed where lie would see them when he came home and feel ashamed of himself for never using my presents. Just think what a lack of forethought I showed! Con sider what a saving of pin money It would bave been If I had put the things awny and then doled them out to him for Christmas presents or birth day presents one by one. It would have served him exoctly right too." Cleveland Plain Dealer. Are You a BeggarT All the beggars are not holding out a hand to passersby In the street. You probably know the man who Is ever whining for help. If a farmer, he thinks his neighbors should help him get In his grain or do his plowing. If In business, he Is always trying to borrow or wanting some one to boost him or drum up customers. He never seems to think of relying on his own efforts. There Is a well known fable about the larks In a gralnfield. As long as the farmer depended on his neighbors and relations to come and cut his grain the larks felt perfectly safe. When the-man determined to cut the grain himself the larks knew it was time to seek safety elsewhere. There are times when every one needs help, but help should be asked only when one has made every possi ble effort for himself. P 1 T T S B U O EXPOSITION 21st Season Opens Sept. 1st, Closes Oct. 23 Russian Symphony Orchestra September 1 to 11 Pryor and his Band September 13 to 18 Damrosch and his Orchestra September 20 to 25 Sousa and his Band September 27 to October 2 Theodore Thomas Orchestra . October 4 to 9 U. S. Marine Band October 11 to 23 The World's Best Orchestras and Bands the music features at this Great Temple of Instruction and Amusement First time here The famous naval battle between the Iron' dads MONITOR AND MERRIIHAC. A reproduction ot the HISTORIC ENGAGEMENT AT HAMPTON ROADS IN t60 The wonderful Archaeological Exhibit Irrigation in the Northwest Marvelous Electrical and Mechanical Exhibits New Novel and In structive The Merry-go-Round Toboggan Slide Ferris Wheel Pony Track Theatorium and ride on Steamer Sunshine are among a score of other attractions that afford recreative amusement for all Come and spend an afternoon or evening, you'll enjoy the music, the crowds, and the pleasures to be had at every hand ADMISSION 25c SEE YOUR TICKET AGENTABOUT EXCURSION RATES WINDSOR HOTEL , W. I". nvutmkur Mpr Midway ti ween llmurl !i. Mm kid ami KeiidltPK Ti-rmlh.il on Kllli-rt at. Europmin !.' ,r lny m.l up. AtTKTloiin l.'.fKi per dny km. I up. Theonly in. .clHi-me priced Immlnf rep utation and !"iisecuen.-e In PHILADELPHIA tVLtCAriO '-I t, J t v t ; JSR In the Court, of Common Plena for the County of JelferHon. Notice In hereby nlven that, an application will lie made to tlie xuid Court on Monday tlioSl'ih oiiy of Septuuvicr. A. I) KM), ut i.lA 0 clock p. m., iindur an "Art I i provide for 1 lid Incorporation and regulation of rrtalti corporation-!," o.piin vi-t-il Ap li ii, lis74 mid Itt Htipiilemeiits, uy Kllippo 111 I'lrro, Frank Umillle, Louis While. Carlo Mn-curo, Hum mel Hruiio, Doiulnlek Klnanium, for the char tor or an Inli-ii'h-il corporation to ho called Independent Italian iSoi-leiy, of riyk-vY Hcnnnylvaiila, the (luiuicnir and object of which Ik to furnl-di aid, help and asslsi.ano.i to the nicml)eisor the frt(-.y (1 case of Mick nens, death or (llslres-i, and to elevate tlielr tdvll, moral and HOiditl standlnii, and tudlt, 8i'iiilnaie Kcnural kiiowlvd'e amonvHt them and for ilieso purposes tu h.ive. posnsi and enjoy all IIib rlKlits, beni-llii and prMlt-Ki-4 coufurred by the sulci ai-t and ItNHtipiilenienu MIITU M. McUKKHIHT, solicitor. If you have anything to sell, try our Want Column. H DO TIES & FLEMING. ' FUNERAL liIRICTORS Main Street. ' Koynoldsvll!., Pa, Hi m ?-Y ir Mn. .... i uts ti Kuuuium More auto troubles can be traced to inferior erisoline than from all other causes. Whv rot eniov vour machine, confident that the ca-jver ia were just when you need It most Waverly Gasolines re manufactured expressly fir automo bile uie. Try the Woverly brands. 70 Motor Stove You may be nsMtrpd of instantaneous, pow enm ciean explosion, ireeuom irom car Duo deposits on sparKpiui or in cylinders. Vuick icnuion. ask your dealer. Waverly Oil WorRe Co, Independent eflserf Fitttburt. ra. ECONOMY 1 Should begin at the point where waste Is the greatest. That point Is the cook's fire. PRIZER'S Gas Ranges Are a complete economical kitchen appliance. Every Improvement has been introduced. - . - lYou run no risk. i We take It back if not satisfied. Reynoldsville Hardware Co. J maorssnasti PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD ANNUAL FAIR AND RACES DuBois Driving Park Association AT DUBOIS, - PA. SEPTEMBER 7 TO 10, 1909 Rxcnrslnn Tickets to n-.tRoln will be soM September It. 7. S. !) sni 10, (rood to return until September II, Inclusive, from Red Bank, Driftwood, itltlxtray, Kane, and Inlermruliite stations Bt REDUCED RATES (Minimum Rate W.Cents) J. R. WOOD. ' GEO. W. BOYT), Passenger Truffle Manager. . General Pusscniier Agent, 1 R BUFFALO, ROCHESTER & PITTSBURGH RY. NIAGARA FALLS Saturday, September 4, 1909 FIVE-DAY EXCURSION LAST OF THE SEASON EIQTrainsJLeave Falls Creek 2. .32 a. m, and 1,06 p. m. 100 PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD - Sixteen Day Excursions $10: $12 MOM J J UUfl " WIT. J Atlantic City, Cape May Anglesea, Wlldwood, Holly Beach, Ocean City, Sea Isle City, Avalon N. J.. Rehoboth, Del., and Ocean City, Md. AsburyPark, Long Branch West End, Elberon, Deal Beach, Allenhurst, I North Asoury rarK, Ocean Urove, Bradley h Beach, Belmar, Oomo, Spring Lake, Sea Girt, Brlelle, Point Pleasant, and Bay Head, N. J. Tickets at the lower rate good; only la Coaches, Tickets at the higher rate good In Parlor orJHeeptng cars ln;onnectlon with proper Pullman tickets. Sept. , $909 ' Train leaves Reynoldsville at U8 PM, Tickets good forpassage'on trains Reaving .Plttabutghtiat 8.33 p. m. (coaches only), 8.50 p. m. (sleeping cars only), or ilQ.45 p. m. (sleeping cars "only to Philadelphia and Atlantic City) and their connections going, and all regular tralnsireturning within sixteen days For stop-over privileges and full Information consult nearest ticket , agent. X - J. R. WOOD, Passenger Traffic Manager. QEO.W.BOYD, General Passenger Agent.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers