MATHEMATICAL SIGNS.
Origin of Plus, Minus, Multiplication
and Division Symbols.
The sign of tidilltlou Is dcrlvi-d from
the Initial letter of tlie word plus
In making tlie rnpltnl letter it was
made more uod inure carelessly until
the top part of the "p" wns (Innlly
placed iieiir the renter; In-nee the plus
sign ns we know it whs cruriimlly
readied.
The sign of suhtructluu was derived
from the word minus." The word
was Hist nun iiicied In in. n. a., with n
horizontal Hue above to indicate that
gome of i!r- letters h.:d Urn Id, out
At last the t--f tT-r wrr "lit't-d .!!'
gether. lejivittj; only the shore Hiil'.
The in ii 1 1 1 r . ! I Hfon siun wai clitalned
by chaiiKlm; the plus sign into the let
ter "x." Thl; was done Ltinusc inui
tlpllcntlon Ih Ii.ii a shorter 'on;i of nil
aition.
Division nas l'oiniLily indicated li.v
placing the dividend nlmve a horizon
tnl line and the divisor below. In or
der to save space In printing, the divi
dend was placed to the lift -ami the
divisor to the rl;.'ht. After years of
"evolution" Mio two "C.'j." were 01:. It
led altogether and simple rtnH ? "t
the place of each. As with ill.' uihcrs.
the radical sign was derived from the
Initial letter of the word "null:;."
The sign of equality was llrst used
In the year 1"7 by a aimrp mathema
tician, who substituted It to avoid fre
quently repeating the words "equal
to." St. James' finzette.
UNCLE SAM.
The Way Our Nickname Is 8aid to
Have Originated.
This familiar nickname for the Unit
ed States Is said to have come about in
the following manner:
During the war of 1812 the United
States government entered into n con
tract with Elbert Anderson to furnish
supplies to the army. Whenever the
United States buys anythiug from 11
contractor It appoints an Inspector to
see that the goods are up to the speci
fications. In this case the government
appointed a man by the name of Sam
uel Wilson. He was a Jolly, whole
souled man and was familiarly known
as Uncle Sam.
It was his duty to Inspect every box
and cask that cftme from Elbert An
derson, the contractor, and if the con
tents were all right the eargo was
marked with the letters "E. A.-U. S.."
the Initials of the contractor and of
the United States.
The man whose duty It was to do
thlB marking was something of a joker,
and when somebody asked him one
day what these letters stoid for he
said that they meant Elbert Andersor
and Uncle Sam.
Everybody. Including Uncle Sam
himself, thought this a very good Joke,
and by and by It got Into print, and
before the end of the war It was
known all over the country, and that
is haw the United States received the
name of Uncle 8am. Des Moines Reg
ister and Lender.
Worshiping a Turtle.
At a place culled Kotron. on th
French Ivory Coast, the natives be
lieve that to eat or destroy a turtle
would mean death to the guilty one ot
sickness among the family. The fetlct
men, of which there are plenty, declare
that years ago a man went to sea fish
ing. In the night his canoe was
thrown upon the beach empty. Three
days afterward a turtle came ashora
at the same place with the man on Its
back alive and well. Since that time
they have never eaten or destroyed
one of that species, although they en
Joy other species.
If one happens now to be washed
ashore there Is a great commotion in
the town. First the women sit down
and start singing and beating sticks:
aext a small piece of white cloth (color
must be white) is placed on the tur
tle's back. Food is then prepared and
placed on the cloth, generally plan
tains, rice and palm oil. Then, amid a
lot more singing, dancing and antics
of the fetich people, It Is carried back
Into the sea and goes on Its way re
joicing. Too Much Expense.
"Yes," said Mr. Tyte-Phlst, "I was
Just stepping on the car when the
conductor gave the motorman the sig
nal to go ahead, and the car started.
My foot went out from under me, and
I sat down on the muddy crossing,
ruining a twenty-two dollar suit of
clothes."
"Then you sat there, swore like a
trooper and gnashed your teeth in
cage, I suppose," remarked the sym
pathizing listener.
,"No," said Mr. Tyte-Phlat "I may
have sworn a Uttle, but I didn't do
ut gnashing. My teeth are new and
BOfit me 30."-Culcago Tribune.
Waked Them Un.
Dr. Hans Richter, the famous con
ductor, while supervising a rehearsal
In a London theater once was much
annoyed at the calm way the players
were taking the Impassioned music.
"Gentlemen, gentlemen," said he,
suddenly stopping short, "you're all
playing like married men, not like lov
ers." Westminster Gazette.
Not Hia Fault
Howell A good deal depends on the
formation of early habits. " Powell I
know it When 1 was a baby my
mother hired a woman to wheel me
about, and I have been pushed for
money ever since. London Mail.
On Time.
, "Does be eve do anything on time?"
"Oh, yes. He quits work." Detroit
Free Press.
When you sell an article by weight,
remember that other people have
scales. Atchison Globe.
RACE WAGERS IN INDIA.
Native's Method of Choosing a Winner
and Making Bett.
The native of India wagers til
money nciordlng to ihe colors nuih
by the jo keys it ml takes no heed of
the uierliM of the horses, or lie will
buck a horse riddeu by tils favorite
Jockey, no mutter whether the animal
Is a rank outsider or not.
Ills ideas of gambling. In tact, are
distinctly novel. Some of the more
wealthy Indians form lings and back
every horse in the race, I lifts gaining
the satisfaction of getting a winner
every lime. - It Is really only of laic
veil rs 1 1 in t the native of India has Iie-X
I'oine u habitual gambler on the turf,
and nowadays the bulk of the liettln?
of the various racing centers ju India
Is dene by natives. hitler,!. I lie an
iliorliles lire some'.vhat concerned about
the growth of the betting which takes
place nmone: Jcdlan natives. It bein;:
iisserted that us many as il lriy l-ic:;
of rupees (about CodO.fKIDi Is lost and
won In the course of a season.
The Ignorant masses have not n
great ileal ef actual money to wager,
but so badly b'tten are ninny of theiv
with Hie or:" e forfeiting at race meet
Inirs that t!vy frequently wa.'er what
little property they possess on a horse
ami If they lose they simply replace
their loss by stealing a neighbor's
goods. The consequence Is that whrn
the racing season conies around tin
police are kept very busy dealing with
cases of petty larceny and other crimes
Involving loss of property. London
Tit-Hits.
NOT ANNOYED.
The Directors Were Rather Pleased
at the Barrister'e Refusal.
Mr. Reader Harris. K. C. was once
offered a brief marked 50 guineas on
behalf of a railway company that
wished to obtain a refreshment license
for a particular railway station. He
returiied the brief on conscientious
grounds, but inter on It was seut back
to him with a fee of 100 guineas
marked on It This time be returned
It with a note In which he explained
that his refusal was due to a matter
of principle. Subsequently be met one
of the directors of the company and
expressed a hope that he and his col
leagues were not annoyed at bis con
duct.
'Not at nil." said the director. "I'll
tell you all about it. So-and-so, the
big brewer, was sitting on the board
for the first time at the meeting at
which the solicitor reported that your
brief marked 50 guineas bad been re
turned. 'Who's this psalm singing
humbug?' he asked. 'Mark the brief
100 millions and I'll bet you anythln:;
you like he'll take it.' 'Oh. you will,
will you? asked the chairman. You
see. we all knew you. Harris. We
took the brewer on at 5 to 1 in live
pound notes. He booked the bets with
every one of us. and be has paid up."
London Scraps. '
A Curious Receipt.
Hanover's registrar discovered a
very curious document some time ago
as he was looking through a bundle of
papers that date back to the eight
eenth century. The document is a re
ceiptprobably the only one of Its
kind in existence which was given to
a Hanoverian captain by a canon of
Duisburg during the Seven Tears' war.
"I, the undersigned." It reads, "here
by acknowledge that I have received
fifty blows of a stick, which were in
flicted upou me by a lieutenant of Cap
tain B.'s regiment as a punishment for
the stupid and frivolous calumnies
which I have uttered In regard to the
regiment of chasseurs. For my Im
prudent words I now admit that I am
profoundly sorry. I received my pun
ishment lying on a heap of straw and
held by two men, and I bear testimony
to the fact that the officer struck me
as vigorously as he could with a stick
that was as thick as my finger.
"In proper form and with due grati
tude I sign this receipt and avow that
all therein Is true."
Hard to Kill. ,
A crocodile's tenacity of life Is most
remarkable. "I remember one time,"
says a traveler In India, "I was with
a shooting party on the Ganges when
the natives brought In a six foot croco
dile. They hoped some one would want
to buy It but no one did, so It was de
termined to kill the creature. It was
hauled out of the tank and tied to a
tree. Bullets- from a small rifle or nn
ordinary gun seemed only to Irritnte
the saurian, nor did he seem to care
very much when a native thrust a
spear down his throat. Finally they
were obliged to dispatch . him with
axes. Even then the tall thrashed
about for no Uttle time after."
Not That Kind.
"Once in a Bible lesson," said a
Sunday school teacher, "I repeated the
text 'Arise and take the young child
and his mother and flee Into Egypt'
And then I showed the children a large
picture that Illustrated the text In
bright colors.
"The children studied this picture
eagerly. Then they all frowned; all
looked rather disappointed. Finally a
little girl said:
" Teacher, where is the fleaf " '
Where to 8ing.
"I will sing something restful to you,
dear," said a lady to her morose hus
band. "Shall I sing Tar, Far Away?"
"I wish you would," was the bitter
reply. "It would save the trouble of
apologizing to the neighbors."
How Those Girls Love One Another.
Maud And the last thing that Henry
did was to give me a kiss. Mabel-
Indeedl I should think that Is about
the last thing he would do.-Illustrnted
Bits.
, The Coughing Bean.
To the ordinary housemaid tbf fall
ing of a house plain Into a violent
paroxysm of coiiuliln r . Is naturally
dlsconcertlim. Yet there ure plums
which villi do this when the broom
or the duster begins to make dust lly.
This singular plant I- the "coughln:.'
beau," known to tlie bolanlst ns the
Eiitiula tussleus. It Is a native or
warm and moist troplc.il couuiries and
cannot and will not stand dust. When
dust settles upon the breathing pores
in the leaves of this plant and chokes
them a gas accumulates Inside the
leaves anil when .lt gains siilllclenl
strength forcibly "blows oil." clearing
the pores, of dust and making a sound
exactly like coughing. At the same
time (he leaves tronfble and the plant
actually "gels red In the face" through
the sinking of the green chlorophyll
grains and (lie appearance of red par
ticles, on the leaves. -Ths plant Is
sometimes used as a house plant, and
sweeping the room sets It coughing, to
the Intense astonishment of persons
not fu iiillisil- with Its peculiarities.
London Chronicle.
Pffld For the Kiss.
Lord Xorthoote was once inii lo curi
ous use of while governor gencinl of
Australia, says Loudon M. A. I'. .sm.li
ing one night through an avenue of
somber trees to a friend's house to
dinner, he was suddenly pounced upon
by n inaldseN'iint. who kissed hlin ef
fusively and pressed a little parcel Into
ills hand. "Here's u sausage for you.
I can't come out tonight, as master has
conipnny." she whispered and as mys
teriously disappeared. When he got
to the house lie found one of Ills
servants loitering by the gate. "What
are you doing there?" usked Lord
Northcote. "I'm waiting for my sweet
heart." the man stammered. "Where
is she?" "In service here." "Ah, then,
I am right. Here Is a sausage from
your sweetheart, and she wishes me to
tell you that she cannot come out to
night, ns her master has company."
Seeing that the man looked nervous, he
added kindly: "She also gave me a
kiss for you, but perhaps you would
rather wait until you see her. Here Is
5 shillings instead."
Round About Dorking.
The neighborhood of Dorking, where
George Meredith lived, has many liter
ary associations Independent of Its
connection with that famous novelist.
It was at Burford Bridge, near Dor
king, that Keats completed "Endym
lon" In November, 1817; close by, at
the Rookery, was born Father Mnl
thus. the popular economist, and at
West Humble Frances Uurney. after
her marriage with General d'Arblay.
built Camilla cottage with profits of
lit-r novel of that name and settled
down. Sheridan resided at Polesden
li ml John Stuart Mill at Mlckleham.
while other illustrious residents in the
locality in earlier times were John
Evelyn and Daniel Defoe. To most
people, however, the chief literary as
sociation of Dorking Is with Dickens,
for was it not at the Marquis of (!rau
by's, variously Identified with the White
Hart and the Old King's Head, that
Mr. Weller. Sr., made the fatal blun
der of proposing to a "vldder?" West
minster Gazette.
English Difficult to Pronounce. k
The difficulty of English for stran
gers does not lie in Its orthography,
but In Its pronunciation. Abroad peo
ple will constantly say that they can
read and write English readily, while
nimble to utter n word or to under
stand, a word of the spoken language,
as. of course, vice vcrsn. a great many
English and Americans can read and
write French long before they can un
derstand or make themselves under
stood. The other languages are just
us dlllicult for them to pronounce as
English is for others. The only dif
ference Is that English stands alone
with Its system or lack of system of
pronunciation. When a Frenchman
knows bow to write German he Is nt
the same time able to speak the lan
guage. If not beautifully, at least so
as to bo understood. The same holds
for a German speaking French. Pro
fessor Albert Schlnz In North Ameri
can Review.
Petty thieves are hanged; great
thieves are asked to dinner. (Jt'ivi -i
Proverb
THE TOWN THAT
PUSH BUILT
IX. The Foxy Shoe Dealer
'"J"' HIS la the shoe man who found
A In his hand the bill that went round
'Mong all the people who advertised.
He hired a man whose work he prized
And paid him with the jeweler's bill
From the hardware merchant's till,
Where it went when the clothing deal
er bought
From the furniture man, which the
clothier got
When to him the dry gooda merchant
went
With the bill the butcher wisely spent
When hia friend the grocer had settle
ment made '
With cash the honest workman paid.
MORAL.
The little story we've told is meant
To show you clearly that money spent
At bom will help us all and then
Return to the owner to spend again
That is, if dealers art also wye '
And do not fail to advertise.
Giving the Bride a Tip.
"Here's a little pointer for you," said
the bride of last year to the brUe of
this year. "I'll tell you my own expe
rience, and you can judge for yourself
what to do. When we returned from
our wedding trip and I began to rum
make through George's belongings I
found six or seven pairs of gloves and
at least nine pairs of silk hose, things
that be bad never had on. They had
been tucked a way in all sorts of
places. Most of them I at once recog
nized as presents I had given to him
from time to time. Resides them. I
found a lot of handkerchiefs still un
used, handkerchiefs that- I had em
broidered bis initial on with my own
bands.
. "What do you suppose I did? Fool
ishly I gathered them all together and
spread them out on the bed where lie
would see them when he came home
and feel ashamed of himself for never
using my presents. Just think what a
lack of forethought I showed! Con
sider what a saving of pin money It
would bave been If I had put the
things awny and then doled them out
to him for Christmas presents or birth
day presents one by one. It would
have served him exoctly right too."
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Are You a BeggarT
All the beggars are not holding out
a hand to passersby In the street. You
probably know the man who Is ever
whining for help. If a farmer, he
thinks his neighbors should help him
get In his grain or do his plowing.
If In business, he Is always trying to
borrow or wanting some one to boost
him or drum up customers. He never
seems to think of relying on his own
efforts. There Is a well known fable
about the larks In a gralnfield. As
long as the farmer depended on his
neighbors and relations to come and
cut his grain the larks felt perfectly
safe. When the-man determined to
cut the grain himself the larks knew
it was time to seek safety elsewhere.
There are times when every one
needs help, but help should be asked
only when one has made every possi
ble effort for himself.
P
1
T
T
S
B
U
O
EXPOSITION
21st Season Opens Sept. 1st, Closes Oct. 23
Russian Symphony
Orchestra
September 1 to 11
Pryor and his Band
September 13 to 18
Damrosch and his
Orchestra
September 20 to 25
Sousa and his
Band
September 27 to October 2
Theodore Thomas
Orchestra
. October 4 to 9
U. S. Marine Band
October 11 to 23
The World's Best Orchestras and Bands the music features
at this Great Temple of Instruction and Amusement
First time here The famous naval battle between the Iron'
dads MONITOR AND MERRIIHAC. A reproduction ot the
HISTORIC ENGAGEMENT AT HAMPTON ROADS IN t60
The wonderful Archaeological Exhibit Irrigation in the Northwest
Marvelous Electrical and Mechanical Exhibits New Novel and In
structive The Merry-go-Round Toboggan Slide Ferris Wheel
Pony Track Theatorium and ride on Steamer Sunshine are among
a score of other attractions that afford recreative amusement for all
Come and spend an afternoon or evening, you'll enjoy the music, the
crowds, and the pleasures to be had at every hand ADMISSION 25c
SEE YOUR TICKET AGENTABOUT EXCURSION RATES
WINDSOR HOTEL ,
W. I". nvutmkur Mpr
Midway ti ween llmurl !i. Mm kid ami
KeiidltPK Ti-rmlh.il on Kllli-rt at.
Europmin !.' ,r lny m.l up.
AtTKTloiin l.'.fKi per dny km. I up.
Theonly in. .clHi-me priced Immlnf rep
utation and !"iisecuen.-e In
PHILADELPHIA
tVLtCAriO '-I t, J t v t ; JSR
In the Court, of Common Plena for the
County of JelferHon.
Notice In hereby nlven that, an application
will lie made to tlie xuid Court on Monday
tlioSl'ih oiiy of Septuuvicr. A. I) KM), ut i.lA
0 clock p. m., iindur an "Art I i provide for
1 lid Incorporation and regulation of rrtalti
corporation-!," o.piin vi-t-il Ap li ii, lis74 mid
Itt Htipiilemeiits, uy Kllippo 111 I'lrro, Frank
Umillle, Louis While. Carlo Mn-curo, Hum
mel Hruiio, Doiulnlek Klnanium, for the char
tor or an Inli-ii'h-il corporation to ho called
Independent Italian iSoi-leiy, of riyk-vY
Hcnnnylvaiila, the (luiuicnir and object of
which Ik to furnl-di aid, help and asslsi.ano.i
to the nicml)eisor the frt(-.y (1 case of Mick
nens, death or (llslres-i, and to elevate tlielr
tdvll, moral and HOiditl standlnii, and tudlt,
8i'iiilnaie Kcnural kiiowlvd'e amonvHt them
and for ilieso purposes tu h.ive. posnsi and
enjoy all IIib rlKlits, beni-llii and prMlt-Ki-4
coufurred by the sulci ai-t and ItNHtipiilenienu
MIITU M. McUKKHIHT, solicitor.
If you have anything to sell, try
our Want Column.
H DO TIES & FLEMING. '
FUNERAL liIRICTORS
Main Street. ' Koynoldsvll!., Pa,
Hi
m
?-Y ir Mn. ....
i uts ti Kuuuium
More auto troubles can be traced
to inferior erisoline than from all
other causes. Whv rot eniov vour
machine, confident that the ca-jver ia
were just when you need It most
Waverly Gasolines
re manufactured expressly fir automo
bile uie. Try the Woverly brands.
70 Motor Stove
You may be nsMtrpd of instantaneous, pow
enm ciean explosion, ireeuom irom car Duo
deposits on sparKpiui or in cylinders.
Vuick icnuion. ask your dealer.
Waverly Oil WorRe Co,
Independent eflserf
Fitttburt. ra.
ECONOMY 1
Should begin at the point where waste Is the
greatest. That point Is the cook's fire.
PRIZER'S
Gas Ranges
Are a complete economical kitchen appliance.
Every Improvement has been introduced.
- . - lYou run no risk.
i We take It back if not satisfied.
Reynoldsville Hardware Co. J
maorssnasti
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD
ANNUAL FAIR AND RACES
DuBois Driving Park Association
AT
DUBOIS, - PA.
SEPTEMBER 7 TO 10, 1909
Rxcnrslnn Tickets to n-.tRoln will be soM September It. 7. S. !) sni 10, (rood to
return until September II, Inclusive, from Red Bank, Driftwood, itltlxtray, Kane,
and Inlermruliite stations Bt
REDUCED RATES
(Minimum Rate W.Cents)
J. R. WOOD. ' GEO. W. BOYT),
Passenger Truffle Manager. . General Pusscniier Agent,
1
R
BUFFALO, ROCHESTER & PITTSBURGH RY.
NIAGARA
FALLS
Saturday, September 4, 1909
FIVE-DAY EXCURSION
LAST OF THE SEASON
EIQTrainsJLeave Falls Creek 2. .32 a. m, and 1,06 p. m.
100
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD
-
Sixteen Day Excursions
$10: $12
MOM J J
UUfl " WIT. J
Atlantic City, Cape May
Anglesea, Wlldwood, Holly Beach, Ocean City,
Sea Isle City, Avalon N. J.. Rehoboth, Del., and
Ocean City, Md.
AsburyPark, Long Branch
West End, Elberon, Deal Beach, Allenhurst,
I North Asoury rarK, Ocean Urove, Bradley
h Beach, Belmar, Oomo, Spring Lake, Sea Girt,
Brlelle, Point Pleasant, and Bay Head, N. J.
Tickets at the lower rate good; only la Coaches, Tickets at the higher rate good In
Parlor orJHeeptng cars ln;onnectlon with proper Pullman tickets.
Sept. , $909 '
Train leaves Reynoldsville at U8 PM,
Tickets good forpassage'on trains Reaving .Plttabutghtiat 8.33 p. m. (coaches only), 8.50
p. m. (sleeping cars only), or ilQ.45 p. m. (sleeping cars "only to Philadelphia and
Atlantic City) and their connections going, and all regular tralnsireturning within
sixteen days For stop-over privileges and full Information consult nearest ticket
, agent. X
- J. R. WOOD,
Passenger Traffic Manager.
QEO.W.BOYD,
General Passenger Agent.