T GOCOOCOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOO iDath Valley and OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Death Valley Is probably the most mlquo natural fonturo lu Collfornln. it Is located la the southeast corner cf hcyo County, anil li Inclosed by the nnnmlnt Mountains on the west nnd (the Punernl Range on the enst. It Is seventy-five miles long, nnd nt Its nor- owest point but eight miles wide. At one time, most nrnlmlilr It wns Jlhe bed of nn ancient river. The low est depression Is 200 foot below son- flevel, but nbovo this rlsrs Telescope IVnk. 11,000 feet high, of the Pnna- yiilut Range, nnd dlretely opposite the I'uncrnl Penk, whleli rent-he nn nit 1- hude of SOOO feet. Purine the winter these penks nre covered with snow. This remarkable valley was tliscov red In 1S50 by n party of Immigrants, 'many of whom lost their lives In tho ittempt to cross It. The name hns lung to It. also, as being the scene of Numberless tragedies. Knrly In Its jtory traditions of gold nnd silver sits of wonderful richness within ts hoVidnrlcs persuaded tnnnr nil von- urous Tyrons to undertake the bnz- rdous experiment of Its exploration. Die number wlio hove lost their lives n this desolate field Is undoubtedly reat. Pursuing the mlrngo of rich de bits of precious metals these ndven- rous prospectors succumbed nt Inst the Intolerable beat nnd Ce n.-.onics thirst. he rnngo of the thornr :.r Is bnbly grenter In Death Y.-t.'-y i'kui where In the Western !! -...isphere. vlnter the temperature Is ho- y f.ero, while In July r.- ' rust thermometer ranees fiv.- -, k nt decrees above, frequently rising wcrol degrees higher. Tor wet-kit nt ' time the lowest level temperature oh- rved exceeded 100 degrees. The leatlly beat burns every vestige of getntlon. The Spanish bayonet, a plant that flourishes under the most arid conditions, here barely survives, while the mesqulte, with its long roots lenetratlDg deep Into the earth In learch of scanty moisture, Just man ges to exist A party of enterprising ngrlcultur- sts once experimented with growing f nit and vegetables In this region, nn- Icipatlng large profits in the early arketlng of their crops. Tho attempt as a complete failure, the Intone? eat withering the plants, notwlth- tending copious supplies of water and he most skillful cultivation. In the lgber altitudes of the Tannmlnts het-o are numerous valleys with flow- streams. In these fruits aro cultl- ed, and reach the market two nths before the California products ture. he prevailing winds in Death Voi re from the west. Though origin- n the Faclflc Ocean and sntu- 1 1th humidity In traveling the In flate distance, they ore Inter- d by the lofty peaks of four ires of mountains, which absorb all their moisture, so that by tho time icy rench the volley all humidity has llsnppeared, and no living thing can urvlve the Intense heat. Even birds, ndlgcnous to the region, die. It Is lu the months of greatest heat BO BATE MINES IN that the sand storms of Death VatUy are most deadly. Then rage with In- tense fury, obliterating the landscape and' draining the light of the sun, withering the scanty vegetation and coveting the trails dceu lu powdered 4hOOOLER XJSEDINDKATH VALLEY. f , "iS I ,r:tsjp dust. At nil time tho aspect of the valley Is superlatively desolate. No spot on rnrth surpasses It lu aridity or tophet-llke bent. During the heated term nn hour without water means death. Meat be comes putrid In an hour. Eggs arc cooked In the blistering sand. Water Is only palntnble by means of large po rous earthenware Jars, common to nil MOUNTAINS ENCLOMINO DEATH VALLEY. hot countries, suspended In drafts nnd reduced In temperature by means of the rapid evaporation of the moisture from the outside. The belief that the bornx marshes are the remains of the vast bike which once tilled the valley Is supported by traces of water-line found 000 feet above, on the mountain sides. In general appearance all bornx marshes are nlike. They nre located ' ..-.V.;.. . SPANISn BAYONET TLAXT, DEATH VALLET nt the point of greatest depression nnd from n distance look like deposits of salt or snow. Under the surface Is common wet clay or water of varying depths. These deposits nre generally circular In form nnd appear as though once they were crat -rs. Borax was created by contact of boraclc odd In gaseous form, with tho lime nnd soda of tho surface. At Tools Marsh, Ne vada, borate of lime appears In the form of bulls Imbedded In clny along with soda, salt, etc., but nt Columbus these nre found In sandy soil. Some times these Lulls nre .decomposed, un derlying the soil which is removed, nnd the borate shoveled out. Deposits of crudo borate of soiln ore found In Nevada and In Death Valley, ot the Monte Blanco mines. These mines ore 1 THE CRYSTALLIZED BORAX ON THE RODS, located in a region tho most forbid' ding, remoto from tho railroad nnd of fering almost unsurmountnble diffleul ties In tho reduction and marketing of their product, but their richness and extent, compared to all other fields, soon caused them to bo regarded as tho principal source of supply for the future production of borax in the Uul ted States. Tho works employ from 400 to 1C0O men. The crude borate of lime Is first passed through rock breakers and Is DEATH VALLEY. then ground to tUs fineness of flour by means of rolls and burr stones. It Is then, with a small proportion of car bonate of soda, thrown into a digester, where under heat, pressure and aglta tiou the existing affinities are com plctely divorced. The carbonic tielil unites with the lime, whleli yields bo rnele neld, the letter with a smalt por tlon of soda and the result Is bornx lit solution. The liquor Is then drawn ofT Into tanks, where the bornx In crystal lising attaches Itself to small steel roils nnd books altogether like great sticks of rock candy. The sediment contained In the mixing tanks Is com posetl largely of sand and dirt with considerable bornx mixed. The de posit Is passed through n filter press, which presses the dirt nnd allows the bornx liquor to pass away to be util ized again, ltcpcnted over anil over ngnin, the last remnant of borax la Dually secured by this process. A Vrv BtireMful Venture. An abnormally generous womi.'? went to Uurope last summer, leaving her linrsen In entire charge of her coachman. The coachman, of a prac tical turn of mind and with his tr..s trass's full consent, turned n pretty penny by renting the teams out. He- fore long she bad a letter from him would she object to his setting up a hearse? There was a great demand for something of the sort, new nnd smart. In the town, nnd he knew of such n nice henrse to be bail at l-.nlf-price; if she wouldn't mind his putting her horses to It, his fortune would bo made. The abnormally generous worn- nn wrote back Hint she was perfectly willing. A few weeks lrter she wns ewnnled by a letter from the coach man snying Hint the benrsp, ns run iy her horses wns the greatest suc cess; "people are Junt dying to get Into It," he added. New York Hun. Fstlier's Horrible IHfrovery. While trying to save tieorge Dent- son, nn eight-year-old companion, from drowning In the Floyd Itlver nt Uloux City, Iowa, Ueorgo Lewis, nged thir teen, wns nlso dragged down nnd tiled with his friend. Denlson wns bathing la the at renin, nnd wns supposedly seized with a crnmp, Lewis plunged ii after him when ho called for help. At first It wns not known who the lads were, and the father of Iwls offered to dive for the bodies. He first brought up Denlson, nnd on diving a second line rosewith his own son iu his wins, Ho wns nearly crazed with grief when ho recognized his child. Cincinnati Enquirer. Where the V. h. 8. O. . Will Meet. The Young People's Society of Chris tina Endeavor opens soon a world'a session In London, r.nd will hold Its convention In tho Alexandra Tnlnce, which resembles the Mudlson Square Garden, New York City. Tho palace Is Just beyond tho out skirts of Loudon proper and hns a ca pacity for lodging and bonrdlug 5000 Endeavorers, as well os glvlug ample room for their meetings. The banquet hall of the palace will be divided off Into dormitories, enough of them to hold IL'00 young women. This or- ALEXANDRA PALACE. rungement left 3800 young men to ha cared for, but 800 touts have been pro vided for them, nnd .oey will occupy these, five to a canvas. Tho kitchen of the pnlace Is largo enough to prepare food for 2300 per sons, who can sit down at one time la the dining hall and be served. All En deavorers not provided for In the pal ace will have accommodations secured for them in neur-by private houses and hotels. It bus been settled that all vls Itors will pity their own expenses. The total number of delegates cx pected In London Is 60,000, of wlilea 8000 come from America. The dele gates represent a membership of 4,000, 000 Endeavorers, scattered all over tho world. I Eur to I'lck the Winner. They made a wager as to which could give a story the wlueat circula tion in the shortest time. Que of them had It manifolded on the typewriter and cent It to every newspaper In the town. The other merely told It to his wife "lu strict coufldep.ee." zzz 9903999000000000000000000 FARM TOPICS! 9000O00OOOO3OO00OOCOOOOC0 tlnort I'onltrf rood. One of tho best poultry foods for In ducing egg production Is cow pens. They mny le fed whole to adult stock or cracked for chicks. They nre highly ultrogcuous and nre superior to com or wheat. Another excellont poultry food Is rape, whleli may be grown on nil kinds of soil. To Core Collnr Onlta. At night rub nlr-slncked limn on the sore. The next morning apply grensc or sweet oil. 1-Vr hardening horses' shoulders, nothing equals a strong tea made by steeping white oak bark, he lug careful to peal the bark down to the wood. Apply frequently, say twice a day. rinn For a llnlinnai. In n henhouse twenty-four feet by twelve feet, the height of the posts should be nine feet on the front, slop ing buck five feet In the rear. Matched boards fourteen feet long can be used on these posts, each board making a siding for both front nnd renr. With care In cutting these bonrds mny be used for the sides of buildings, nnd the fourtecn-feet boards will lap over n little If used ns roofing. It Is better to lath nnd plaster the Inside of the building, ns this mnkes It much warm er. The building paper used for sheathing the I oxides of houses Is cheaper thnn laths nnd piaster, nnd except thnt It does not repel the lleo ns tho lime does, the pnper sheath ing Is just ns good ns tho lnth nnd plaster. No matter which Is used, the Interior should Ik whitewashed, with enough glue mixed with the whitewash to make It stick.. Mnncheit Itntfnnt For Milk Prndncilan, Most farmers now understand the necessity of giving mllk-produclng food to the milch cow If she Is to keep up her product Inn, but mnny do not pay any attention to the footl given to ewe J nnd sows when they nre suckling young, nnd they go to one of the two extremes, ns mny hnve been their previous habit of feeding. or ns mny be the food they hnve or enn buy nt tho lowest price. The resulc Is thnt while one mnn will hnve the mothers growing fat while the lambs nnd pigs nre not growing nt nil, because they do not have milk enough, another will have them look ing plump nnd round nt the c.-.peiise of the ibim who turns nil her food Into milk. There is ns much need ot a balanced ration for them, thnt will cause n good milk production, nnd nt the same time keep up n fair amount of flesh and strength, as there Is for the milch cows. Ileport nt n C'n-Operntlre Crrntnor). co-operatlvo creamery makes n report of ten years' work In Denmark, of which the following figures mny be of Interest, ns It Is well to be posted on the conditions of our competitors. The creamery started ten years ago with ninety-two patrons, 400 cows, nnd received about two million pounds of milk. Last year tho patrons num bered 210, the cows 1070 nnd the milk received wns 4,784,100 pounds. The average net price paid to pnt- rons on the fnrm per 100 pounds of milk for all ten yenrs was 08.04 cents. (Remembering the ten per cent, heav ier weight of a Danish pound). Both butter and skim cheese wero made nnd the working expenses avernged 14.53 cents per 100 pounds, nnd of this milk- hauling amounted to 3.41 cents, sala ries to 3.08 cents nnd coal to i cents per 100 pounds of milk handled. These expenses Include, ns will bo no ticed, not only the hnullug of the milk, but cheesemnklng. The average price for the ten years per pound of butter wns 24.8 eeuts and for tho sklmmllk returned to the farm ers wns, ns a rule, charged nt the rnte f twenty cents per 100 (Danish) pounds, but sometimes when cheeso wns very low It was reduced to seven teen nud even fourteen cents. Tho cost of "renmery wns $11,074, of which more thnn hnlf has hveu pnld out of the profits. Tira-Yenr Potato llotstlon. A system of potato growing Is grad ually being adopted In Monroe County, N. Y., whleli produces good crops nud mnlntnlns the fertility of the land, states O. P. , In the New England Homestead. Two fields only nre needed for tho rotation nuJ they should be pretty level nud of good soil. Po tatoes, rye nud clover nre tho crops grown nnd every second yen;' each field has a potato crop. After the po tatoes are dug, the field Is harrowed nnd rye sown. The following spring the rye Is seeded with clover. The crop of rye Is UHiinUy large, yielding from twenty to thirty bushels per acre. Tho clover Is allowed to grow with out being pnstured until nbout June 5 of the second year. Iluruyard manure may be spread upon It during tho win ter or early In spring. By early Juue is Is usually kueo high and Is then plowed under, fie ground fitted nud tho notntoes planted. If planting is finished by Juno 25 It Is satisfactory. Before maiKing and planting from 000 to 1000 pounds of fertilizer per acre Is armed uroau cast. Tho potatoes may bo planted lu rows both ways or In drills. Moder ate hilling Is usually done, but It Is all done one way, so that the neia ts left In ridges. No hand hoeing is done. If need be, some weeds lu the hills may bo pulled by hand before the hilling. Some growers prefer level culture, but the potatoes must bo planted deeper, and the digging 1 more difficult ami costly. Rye Ii worth nearly ns much per bushel as wheat, and under this system yields as well and furnishes lots ot straw. Then It Is hardy and euro. TKJS E1S)ITS New York City (Special). The new slinpes In dress sleeves nre legion. The foundation or basis of most of the popular styles is n trim shape, en ? ZJ 1l I V rr I Hitrpt llaxnr. WHAT TUB LATEST FASHION EDICTS DECREE AS TO SLEEVES. casing the nrm like a lMig, tight glove, either flat and snug, if the arm is plump, or wrinkled its whole length, If over-slender. The lest of the sum mer models nre lined with a firm but thin pliable silk ' nnd have ns a rule nn tinder-nrm piece. Tho sleeve Ij innde with two seams. Tho majority ot sleeves nro tight up lo the top of the nrm. There they ex pnnd somewhat to allow of being prop erly adjusted to the nnnlic'.e, nud nuy A LILAO LINEN. (With tucked bolero brulded la white.) extra fullness is taken up by short tlnrts, which nre pressed flat. The bot tom of the sleeve extends beyend the wrist, whether It Is cut In points, rounded, flared or simply left plain and straight. Two Chnrtnlnic Summer CnMntnee. "Duck things and shirt waists arc what very seriously engage my, atten tion nt this moment," confessed the girl rom Chicago, leucb'.ng for n fun. "I've already gone to tno expense of ordering uue at my tailor's. I suppose 1 ought to know that tho linen things nro to be very much made with ex tremely brief bolero coats and skirts quite plain. My first excui'sion Into this experimenting with washable thlugs Is a dove's breast I Hue linen, tho skirt most severe and the little coat laid In tho very cuuningest deep overlapping tucks that run around the body. On every tuck n charming wreath of white braid lio is laid across the bust; over my shoulders fall two broad collars of cream-white liu en, fastening half way between chin nud wal.it with smart gilt chains nud but tons. Under tho coat I havo ordered for wear a completely tucked white lawn shirt wnlst and a very do.p gir dle of 1'urina vlo'.st liberty satin tuUes the place of the usual belt. "8omo girls will wear anything. I suw one the oth.-r lay iu a really cbnrmlng little gowu spoiled by her frivolous shoes. The gowu was nun's veiling In belgo brown, plain of skirt, but the waist vry sweetly laid I tucks runulng from shoulders down. It l ad revers of brown silk embroid ered lu plain bluo violets turned onck upon tho shoulders, and It opened -front to -venl a vest a: rungement o' embroidered lawn upon brown silk, whence fell '.a front two loug brown sl : sashes embroidered In violets. Her oleeves wero charming, opening belov the elbow to admit of white luwn uudersleeves nud embroidered brown silk cuffs. Even her parasol wns a bit of novel (inlntlness, the bnu dle of gold In the form ot a tierce eagle head with ruby eyes. But, oi you lielleve It, tho girl wore brown leather walking tka with cream can- Op f &HIGN. vns tops nnd white heels, nnd laced them With white silk." The I.lllle Tnrnrttt-Vit Call. A new waist llnMi has been intro duced In tht shape of the ''little turned up e-.iff." 'Mils' as we hare pro vided nil our bodk-es -..Ith the deep (hiring turn-down cuffs which rlpplo beeoiulugly nbout tho palm of tho hi'liu It Would be too bad if the remedy were not so easy. Havo n new bodii-e mailt' with the little turn up cuff. It Is very nent nnd folds buck like the flap of n Very sninll envelops It has a sharp point in the middle, n nit looks ns If It wns the result of folding bite- one of 1!ie t.ld-fiiKhinnctl deeply pointed sleeve-wrists. Three rows of stlt(;t'lng border the n-nt new cult v hid, smacks of n tailored origin. It Is particularly appropriate to n Jacket sleeve, nnd once seel, will Ho doubt be come a general favorlt A ttnnn to the Afnthr-r, Eton Jackets nnd bolero nre n boon to the mother who likes to dress her linlf-grown girl beo.unliigly. There nothing more Jaunty nnd becoming to her Immature ligiire. It is quite ns becoming to her as to tho older sister. With it Volte r.i tt. One of the longer capes has n yoko effect around th shoulders nnd from that bangs sldo pleats stPched part way down, ns In the skirts of gowus. A BIEOE GOWN. (The bodice la horizontal tuulct, with lasU and uudersleeves.) The Mew Skirt. When tin plented skirt Is made to lie flat over the hips it Is now further supplemented by n Jackec that is also lu pleats, and which In shapo Is be tween a bolero nnd nn hdon. It has n turned- down collar and small lapels, and is fastened either with a Jew eled clasp, a strnp ot black satin c?. velvet with gilt buttons, or with ros ettes and long ends of thlffon. Ia shape it Is much shorter nt the back thnn In front, nnd the pleats ore sewed so that tho figure does not, as might bo supposed, nppenr thick and clumsy. This style Is very much used now with the silk gowns ns well ns TUB ABSOLTTTf CORRECT MOBNINO DRESS FOB A QUIET COUNTRY PLACE. with those of soft wool, but it must not bo attempted iu heavy cloth, for that would look quite too heavy ami cumbersome. Ilarper' Buzur. c
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers