THE HOLLAND SUBMARINE BOAT. One of the Most Wonderful ure in At the present time engines of war re exciting unusual interest in the United Btates, and among those which imdi to have great possibilities is the latest example of the Holland submar ine torpedo boats, which was lately launched and has been put through a OnX P. HOLLAND, TflE IXTESTOB. tries of trials in the waters near Now York. This boat is the sixth one invent ed and bnilt by John P. Holland, of N ew Tork, since 1877. The first of these vessels was only 14 feet long; the sec end, bnilt in 1871), was 81 feet long nd 0 foot in dinmetor; the third was a working model, 16 feet long by BO ' inches in diameter; the fourth was the Zalinski boat, built at Fort Lafayette, and 40 feet long by eight feet in di ameter; the fifth is now under con struction for the Government at Bal timore, Md. , and is 85 feet long by 11) feet in diamoter, and has 108 tons displacement; and the sixth is the one here illustrated. This last boat is 03 feet long, 10 feet 8 inches in diameter, and baa a displacement of 75 tons. The hull, as will be seen from the illustration, is cigar-shaped and is made of i-inoh to f -inch steel plates riveted to steel frames. The top is flat, with two hatches and a central telescopio conning tower 2 feet in di ameter and three feet high. Hteering is done by two sets of rudders, one vertical for steering on the surface and the other horizontal for regulating the depth of submersion. There are three sources of power for propelling the boat above and below the water, expelling water, discharging torpedoes and dynamite guns, and lighting the ship internally and externally, name ly: compressed air, gasoline and elec tricity. The most important agent is compressed air, without which it would be impossible to operate the boat un der the sea. The most important use of the com pressed air is for the respiration of the crew. The boat is quickly sub merged by admitting sea water to a aeries of steel tanks connected with the compressed air system. To bring the boat to the surface air is forced into the water tanks under high pres sure, and as the water is expelled the boat rises swiftly to the surface. The air tanks have been tested to stand a pressure of 8000 pounds per square inch, and are calculated to hold 'out for a submergence lasting ten hours, , ut if the supply should fail after nine or ten hours, the tanks can be replenished by means of a tube pro jected to the surface as a suction pipe. The armament of the boat consists first of an aerial torpedo ejector, at the bow, capable of throwing to a distance of one mile, a projectile weighing 180 pounds and carrying 100 pounds of a high explosive. Iinmedia- . tety under this is an expulsive tube for a Whitehead torpedo, with the uanal charge of 200 pounds of gun cotton; and pointing to the rear is a dynamite gun capable of throwing 100 ' pounds of a high explosive 100 yards . or more through the water. When equipped for service the "Holland" would carry three Whitehead tor- a pedoes, six shots for the forward gun ' and five for the after gun. The most important test the boat , lias undergone was when she made four dives of a mile each, went through a series of surfaoe evolutions, tried ' her aerial dynamite gun and expelled a dummy torpedo from her submarine . tube in Baritan Bay. . The experiments were oonducted for . the benefit of the board appointed by i the Secretary of the Navy to witness the Holland's trials and report upon her efficiency. Lieutenant-Commander C. S. Sperry, Chief of the Bureau of Equipment; Lieutenant-Commander Bwift, Chief of the Bureau of Ordi- . nance, and Lieutenant Bock, Naval Constructor, who comprise that board, witnessed them from a tug provided ' by the Holland Company. Elihu B. Frost, Treasurer of the Holland Com- Shuj, ez-ABBintau oeoreisry oj me levy McAdoo; General Murtwaygo, ' the special agent of the Czar in this country; Lewis Nixon, who construct ed the Holland at Elizabeth, and Cap tain C. A. Morris, Superintendent of the Holland Company, were on the ame tug. General Murtwaygo came irom Washington lor tne special pur . -4 1. J 41. t " . and after they were over he told Mr, . Crll..1 4 V.. 4 1,1. 41.. 4 wonderful piece of naval architecture la existence. The programme arranged before hand was that the Holland should nuke a two-mile run' under water, Piece of Naval Arcbitect- Existence. ' coming to the surface three times at intervals of one minute eacn. The Holland did more than that Bhe started from the block Imov at the eastern end of Baritan Bay, about four miles southwest of the Old Or chard light, ran westward toward the Jersey shore for a mile,' showed her conning tower on the surfaoe for about thirty seconds, ran another mile under water, came up again, turned around, and wect back to the black buoy in the same way. Aided by her automatic steering gear, she held her bourse perfectly be neath the surface. The average depth of water over her conning tower dur ing her submerged trips was about fif teen foot. In her surface experiments after the diving trials were over she obeyed her holm more quickly than she ever did before. She did not have to stop and fhke on more ballast as she has in all her previous trials. This difficulty was overcome by using her compensating tanks. There was no delay. Hhe went at her work romptly and behaved as though she were on dress parade. Iter gun experiments were as suc cessful as her evolutions in the water. Hhe expelled a dummy torpedo from her submarine tube without difficulty and hurled a 76-pound wooden pro jectile 400 yards through the air from her forward dynamite gun, using com pressed air in both instances. Itoritan Bay was chosen by Mr. Holland for the trials because" it was BOW VIEW OF (Toe mouth of the aortal torpedo gun, lower are comparatively free from the harbor boats that pestered him so much in hia experiments in Staten Island Sound, and a depth of water sufficient to develop the full diving powers of the little whaleback oould be had. The Holland behaved perfectly in the seaway. She ploughed right through the waves, which tumbled the two tugs about and dashed clouds of spray up to their pilot houses like a water soaked log. The waves simply rolled over her, alternately submerging her completely and exposing her sides until the lights in her broadside windows could be seen. Her superstructure and about twelve inches of her body was out of water. Toe, Mars and Stripes, on a four-foot sti T, floated aft She had about 8000 t-ounds of pig-lead ballast inside of her, and her tanks fore and aft, whloh have capacity for about nine and a half tons of water, were full. Her trimming tank amidships was empty. Her crew con- anted of Mr. Holland, who was in the conning tower; F. T. Cable, the elec- AT HMH BPKBO W7TB OOXKIJTCJ TO WEB abovb atrirvAOs yoa oimebvatiobt. trioian; Henry Meyer, his assistant; Nathaniel Addison, the engineer; W. W. Scott, the draughtsman, and W, F, O. Nindemann, the gunner. Mr. Holland clamped down the lid of her conning tower and filled her trimming tank. The little whaleback settled until her decks were awash aud uoth- ing showed above the surfaoe except her turret and her flag. A whistle an nounced that she was ready Jo dive, and the tugs backed away to give her sea room, Before the dive Mr. Hol land sent the little whalebock along the surface for a 200-yard run. fine developed a speed of eight knots. Her nose was pointed out toward the Band Hook light. Assured that everything was in WTERtOn OV TBI HOLLAND BOAT. working order, Mr. Holland slowed the little boat up and pointed her nose in toward the Navesink Highland, which loomed up smoky and indistinct on the Jersey 'shore fonr miles to the southward. Then, at right angles with the course he told the naval offi cer he would take, which lay from the black buoy almost due westward to the Great Bed Lights, at the head of the dredged channel he sent the Hol land forward at full speed and forced her fin rudder down. The Holland reluctantly .buried her blunt nose and tilted up her tall until the blades of her screw were visible as they churned the water. She ran along in this fashion for fifty yards, and then suddenly swinging about and pointing her nose toward the Great Beds light she slipped out of sight There were a few ripples aft and a little patch of foam, but that was all. Two hundred yards from where she disappeared the Holland came up like a huge porpoise and a most immediately vanished from view again. Every man on the two tugs took out his watch and counted the minutes she was under. Many of them had never seen a submarine boat perform before and were a little skeptical as to THE "HOLLAND." the superstructure dock and conning mown.; the Holland's ability to go down and come up as she pleased. The nervous onee w ere reassured after a wait of twelve minutes by seeing her appear again, but she disappeared instantly, and for fifty long minutes not a glimpse of her was caught by any one on either tug. The most oonfldent of the spec tators were discouraged long before the fifty minutes was over. Exactly one hour and two minutes after she had made her first dive and about fifty minutes after her second appearanoe above the water the Hol land was discovered three-quarters of a mile away from the tugs. Her nag was gone, and all that could be seen of her was her conning tower which looked like an oyster can as it bobbed up and down in the dis tanoe. The crowds on the tugs gave a veil of delight and the tugs' whistles joined in the chorus. The boat grow ing bigger and bigger, ploughed through the water in the direction of the black buoy at eight knot speed. She made several quiok turns to the right aud to the left on the way, which indioated that her steering gear was in perfect working order. Finally she stopped and summoned the tugs along side by three shrill, whistlee. It was too rough to open the lid of the con ning tower, so Mr. Holland blew his whistle twioe more to let the men on the tugs know that he was reedy to try his dynamite gun and his torpedo tube. The aerial dynamite gun was. tried first A wooden projectile eight inches in diameter, half an inch smaller than the bore of tbo gun, was fitted into the breech and expelled from the gnn by a compressed air oharge of C00 pounds pressure to the square inch. The projeotile was hurled through the air for 400 yards at an angle of about sixteen degrees, Its flight was rapid, but it oould be seen. A powder oharge sufficient to increase the pressure - at the muzzle of the gun to 2000 pounds to the square inoh would have been used if the breech of the gun had not been defeotive. The projectile was of the same shape as the dynamite shell """' which will be used in the gnn in actual service, but its weight was about 100 pounds less. Immediately after this trial the submarine torpedo tube was successfully tested. Mr. Holland was taken aboard the tug which carried the naval experts and was questioned by Lieutenant Commander Sperry and his associates. He explained to them that the reason the Holland could not be seen when she rose to the surface was that she poked only her nose and conning tower op, and the sea was so rongh that So small a part of her wan. not distin guishable two miles awny. "If you managed to keep out of onr sight when we were scanning the whole surface of the bay for yon, I don't know what a hostile battleship that did not suspect yon were after her would do," one of the men remarked. The water in which Mr. Holland dived had an average depth of thirty feet The last time she was under she bumped along the bottom for half a mile, and her crew oould hear the oys ter shells scraping against her iron sides. When the Holland is equipped for war it will not be necessary for her to take any metal ballast on board at all. The weight of her projectiles will make her heavy enough, and she will be operated solely by her ballast tanks. FLAG OF THE PRESIDENT. The New Design Which Mr. McKlnle? Km Chosen. By direction of the Secretary of War, paragraphs descriptive of the flag of the President have been added to the Army regulations. The President's l JHUK THE PRESIDENT'S FLAO, flag shall be of scarlet bunting, measur ing thirteen feet fly and eight feet hoist. In each of the fonr oorners shall be a five-pointed white star, with one point upward. In the center of the flag shall be a large fifth star, also of five points, which lie in the circum ference of an imaginary cirole of two feet nine inches radius. Inside of the star thus outlined is a parallel star, separated from it by a band of white two inohes wide. This inner star forms a blue field, upon which is the official ooat of arms of the United States as determined by the State Department, the devioe being located by placing themiddle point of the line dividing the chief from the palewise of the escutcheon upon the point of intersec tion of the diagonals of the flag and thus coinciding with the corner of the large center star. On this scarlet field around the large star are other white stars, one for each State, oqnally scattered in the re-entering angles, and all inoludod within the oironmfer ence of a cirole three feet three inohes radius, whose conter is the conter of the large star. The oolors of the Pies ident shall be of scarlet silk, six feet six inohes fly and four feet on the pike, which shall be ten feet long, including ferrule and head. The head shall con sist of a globe three inohes in diame ter, surmounted by an American eagle, alert, four inohes high. In eaoh of the fonr oorners shall be a five-pointed white star. Tha design letters, figures and stars are to le embroidered in silk, the same on both sides of the color. The edges of the color are to be trimmed with knotted fringe of silver and gold three inches wide, and one cord (having two tassels) eight feet six inches long, and made of red, white and blue silk intermixed. When tho Bora U VhWh. Besidents of New Tork City are likely to look upon cab and carriage horses as curiosities one of these days, for the horsekvss carriage bids fair to make the animals unnecessary. Re cently a company made a practical test with a horseless cab, and found it so successful that the company has, it is said, determined to put 1000 of the cabs into service in New York. The vehioles are operated by electricity, the power being furnished from a storage battery that is under the body of the oo b, Chicago Record. The Dollar Ink In th Jangle. AGRICULTURAL TOPICS, ' Tlert Dairy Utensils. Other things being equal, tue mora accessible the inside surfaoe of an ar ticle for dairy use, the more valuable. All dairy utensils should be of hard material and have -smooth surfaces. Wooden pails should never be used for holding milk. New England Home tead. Ilorse Radish For Home re. All of the horse radish should be cot ent of the ground so soon ai the frost is fairly ont That for home use is best preserved by prating flnelv while fresh, putting the pnlp in bottles with clothing, camp and garrison provisions wliln tnniitlis unit nnrbtnn i.-i- , and all requirements for soldiers la the I ? . Li. g vm ,T . ' fl0"1' '"eluding tents, which are much keep out air. It is very difficult to needed. On arrival at Chlckamauga of keep the roots in warm weather. Those he troops, with those of other Sta tes, kept dry will beoome dry and worth- ! iney wl" f equipped and moved to the Inns Tfinsn nnt In ,!tk i front This was found to be better l'. , -in ?4-.. JL J 4?y i than "lulPP'ng regiments at State ren moistnre will start to growing, and the dezvous. Ordnance Quartermaster and root win oecome acrid and 01 poor flavor. Improved Dandelions For, flnrden. v The dandelion is so popular an herb for greens that it is well worth while to cultivate it in the garden for that use. There are special varieties which have much larger and thioker leaves, and these are sometimes planted in greenhouses in winter so as to have! greens earlier for use in spring. At this season something fresh from the garden or greenhouse is liked by all. n. 4i. -,i.,,4. .., , ' , One of the advantages of the dande- lion greens is that they have a tome . effect on the stomach, and are vnrv highly regarded by many old-fashioned Dennla as a medininnl f.n(7 people as a medicinal lood. . Sprajrlng. The unproductiveness of some or chards is caused by the attacks of in sects and fnngi. Such orchards may be greatly improved by spraying with a combination of Bordeaux mixture and Taris green. The Bordeaux stops the growth of the fungi (especially the apple soab) and the" Paris green kills the larvio of the bud-moth and codling moth. The first spraying should be done when the fruit buds have begun to show their color, but before the flow ers expand. A second application should be made just as the last blos soms fall. In some years when insects and fungi are particularly abundant, a third and even fourth application may be necessary. To insure success the spraying must be done thoroughly. Every limb and every leaf must be wet with the mixt ure. Insects do not hunt around for the poison it must be put where they will be sure to get it Composting Fertilizing Material. There is always a vast amount of good fertilizing material on the farm, material of but little value in itself, but when combined with other mater ial furnishes an enriching element one cannot afford to lose. Taking the autumn leaves as a basis, adding to them barn ashes and then a layer of barnyard manure, and we have a foundation for a compost heap on to wbioh can be thrown old lime or plas ter, soil from road ditches, muck, the greasy water from the kitchens and other refuse from the house which cannot be disposed of in any other way. i,ven weeds will add to the value of the compost heap. Add to it at every opportunity anything which in combination with the other mater ial will make plant food, using lime in sufficient quantities to keep in sub jection any odor arising from a sur plus of greasy materials. There is enough material whioh may be gathered from time to time on the farm to start several compost heaps, each of which may be forked over in the late fall and the material applied to the soil then, or if not suffi ciently well rotted, the following spring. It will cost but little to gather them but will add many dollars to the crops, to say nothing of added cleanliness about the farm. If far mers wero as careful about their waste produots as are' manufacturers, they would soon find a way of making money by thoir use surprisingly easy. Growing Potatoes rrofitubly. One of the most suocestiful potato growers in tne country is an Ultio man who recently gave his methods publicity before a meeting of horti culturists, lie claimed that by turn ing under two or three clover sods and thus seouring a large amount of humus in the soil, he could grow a crop of potatoes without the aid of a drop of rain from' planting to harvest. He grows only medium early sorts, thus enabling him to sow tho land to wheat after taking off a crop of potatoes, riantings are made four inches deep, in drills thirty-two inches apart and from twelve to twenty inches between the pieoes, using from ' six to eight bushels of seed per acre. It might be well to say just here that this quan tity of seed would be much too little unless the soil was rich and well pre pared such as is the Ohio man's. Be fore the potatoes are up the soil should be worked twioe with a smooth ing harrow to loosen the surface soil and kill any starting weeds. As soon as the rows can be mode out a culti vator should be used, the teeth being run four inobes, but later when the tops are fonr to six inohes high the cultivation should bo shallow, not more than two inohes deep. At least onoe a week, and as soon ns the ground is in condition after a rain, a shallow cultivation should be given up to the time the vines cover the ground. Much of the cultivation may be done with tho weeder, thus keeping the weeds down as well as giving the ne cessary cultivation. If the soil is rich in humus and a proper amount o( plant food furnished, the frequent stirring of the surfaoe soil will result in a good crop even in a dry season. It is suggested thut blackboards be abandoned for schools, that a light colored board be substituted therefor, and that colored chalk be used instead I el the usual wbjte crayoas. IDiE SUIt KEkYS CnflEBB TO THE FRONT. evsa ftnniylvania Begimmti Ordered te Ohlokamaogs Last Week. The following; order reached Camp Hastings at Mt. Gretna last Friday: "To the Governor of Pennsylvania: "Seven regiments of Infantry of your State having been mustered and or dered to proceed to Chlrkamauga, It Is desired that the Stat authorities fur- 1 nlh all supplies possible In the way of commissary omcers will report at Chattanooga. Supplies to meet the situation. R. A. ALGER, Secretary of War." This means that these regiments will move In the order named Fourth, Six teenth, Third, Fifteenth, Fifth and Nli.Th. Major Thompson says It Is lust possible that the order will be changed to the extent that the Fourth and Sixteenth regiments will go forth The following pensions were Issued last week: Morris Hess, Claysvllle, IS; Joseph It. Ross, Waynesburg, $6; John ? J?em!ne;.lle,I,te-, ,fl;.0Bl"Jamln 1. Morrell, McKees Rocks. $S; Thomas Ornham, Pittsburg. $9; John T. Jamison, Indiana, 18 t u; John C. Harkom, Malrsvllle. 6 to 19: John Heech. with to rampa. I L0,rw0Rieri,,1 toilV' Joseph B. Gohen, Soldiers' Home, Erie, 16; Luclnda J. pan winkle, Rome, Bradford, 8; Hen- rletta Matson. Canton, Bradford, 18; Michael Clark, Orbisonla, Huntingdon, 8; Eliza M. Fleeson, mother, Alle gheny, 12; Edward J. Humphreys', Kbensburg, $6; William J. Warden, Pittsburg, J6; Benjamin Strobie, Irwin, 8; William H. Reardon, Shlppenvllle, $; Samuel Morrow, Allegheny, 16; George Simons. Brush Valley, $8; Alex ander F. Hartford, Crafton, 110; Oliver P. Wilson. Hubersburg, $10; Emma Edlnger, St. Petersburg, $12; Mary J. Smith, Troy Center, 9; Emma Nlchol ron, Allegheny, $8; William W. Head ley, father, Perrysvlllo, $12; Martha J. Wyman. SHbo. 112; Riohnrvl r H.nra McDonald, $8; John H. Ixuderbaugh, Library, Allegheny. $8: Jamea Corman, ntuiTsourj, center, ; John Hook, Hoalsburg, Center. $; Milton Hartley, Polk, $6; Thomas J. Frow, Lowlstown, jii; Iemon Seruder, Penn Furnace, Huntington. $8 to tlfV Stnivai-t rt,rhin Connellsville. $12 to $17; J. A. Small, 4i"urasKa, .f orest, J to $8; Jacob W. Ottlnger. Soldiers' Ifnm to $10; Elleabeth Clements. New 'conti. $12: Catharine Nearhnrwi Cn. u.n $8; Mary E. Jackson. Girard. ErlA in' Paul Meshok. a Slav miner. nnt, an attack from three others and dealt Joe Tenakl a deadly blow on the head with a club at California a few days ago. The Injured man died. Meshok, his wife and two children were walk ing on the railroad near Roscoe late Saturday night, and the ruffians fell upon him, knocking him down ami us ing him up badly. He got a oluh nnd struck Tenakl. Joseph Habltskv. who ah r,t and lM1w his brother Michael, at Alverton, last January, was acquitted of the charge of murder. The defense was that the shooting was accidental. John Hath azl, convicted of criminal assault, was sent to the penitentiary for two years and five months. Joshua W. Landls. a Are Insurants aftent of Berlin, fell from a buggy In which he was returning from Meyers dale to his home the other mornlnar and broke hia neck. Landls was 50 years of age and leaves a wife and a number of children. The Washington county commission. ers awarded to William Miller & Sons. or Pittsburg, for $379,900 tho contract to erect the new court house and jail. Sandstone is to be used. An amended contract calls for granite for the court house only at $346,300. William Werti. aged 18. hl back broken by a stune blasted from the. Juniata stone quarry and died Thursday In the Altoona hospital. With companions he was playing: poker near tho quarry when hurt David Ramsey, member of Comnanv I. One Hundred and Third Pennsyl vania Volunteers in the civil war. fall dead In his garden at New Castle re cently while planting potatoes. Ho was 73 years old. William E. Lloyd of West Middlesex. Is back from the Klondike. He has paying claims and will return. He reached uniiKoot pass after the aval. anche and found 67 dead bodies there. Centre County grangers hava set tha date for the mid-summer encampment at centre nan on September 12-17. Leonard Rhone Is chairman of tha Committee of Arrangements. Mrs. Elizabeth Arnold, who was shot by her son-in-law, Albert Daub, on April 27, at Lebanon, died Monday, and the wife of Daub, who was also wound ed, Is not expecteu to live. John W. Irwin, a traveling salesman, was found dead In his room at tha Commercial hotel In Franklin 'a few days ago. He was 65 years of age, and resided at Slippery Rock. Governor Hastings gTanted a re. spite to Walter E. Goodwin, of Wells buro, to have been hanged Wednesda for the murder of his wife, until June a. MrB. Michael Tott and a 6-year-old daughter of John Pollish burned to death in a fire that destroyed threa dwellings at Minersvllle, near Potts vlllo laut week. After dressing In his best clothes. William Gruver went to the barn on hia farm, near Allentown, the other day and hanged himself from a rafter. Herbert Qrlfflth, engineer of the steel mills, of Bristol, scaled the big smoke stack, 130 feet nign, ana nung to the breeze an American flag. While walking on tha Bellefonte Central railroad, near State College. Crawford Swltzer wae killed by a train the other day. Cyrus Zeeger, a veteran of the civil war, met death under the wheels of a Shamokln & Mount Carmel trolley oar last week. Four prisoners got out of Sunburv . jail recently by means of a rope ladder. Daniel McKlnley, a traveling sales man for a Philadelphia drug bouse, was found dead In his chair at hia room In a Lima hotel a few days ago. His son Is a Catholic priest In Ger mantown, Pa, The mansion of Mnnr E. Stein bacher, at Akron, wa damaged by lire and the loss will rel eh s,uw), fully covered by Insurance. Mm. Christina Fisher, the oldest renident of Steubenvilia, celebrated hur 10;J birthday anniversary last tveuk. While out Hailing John Meyer, awed 43 years, fell Into the water 'and was drowned at Akron a few days ago. Frei Mosely, convicted of killing James Silon of irondalu, got two. years to the penitentiary.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers