THE MEYERSDALE COMMERCIAL, MEYERSD ALE, PA. "SHIPS AND THEIR SIZE: Why You Cannot Compare the Vessels According to Tonnage. The different uses of tonnage terms when speaking of ships are causes of confusion to the lay mind, states Cap- tain C. A. McAllister, engineer in chief, United States coast guard, in the Popu- lar Science Monthly. For example, steamship companies in order to im- press upon the traveling public the size and consequent relative safety of their craft will advertise the sailing of a certain steamer of 20,000 tons, mean- ing, of course, gross tons. The com- pany’s agent, in entering her at the custom house, will take great precau- tion to certify that she is of only 7,340 tons when paying tonnage taxes. He then is referring to her net tonnage, and, in fact, that standard is used only when paying dues or taxes. Displacement tonnage is almost ex- ¢lusiveiy applied to warships, as they do not carry cargoes. Strange to say, the tonnage of a battleship varies al- most hourly, as coal or other weighty objects are used or taken on board. The tonnage of warships is, however, fixed. They are referred to in terms of the fixed tonnage. A statement that a 10,000 ton battle. ship sank a 10.000 ton merchant ship does not mean that the ships were of equal size. The merchant ship would be much the larger owing to the dif- ferent meanings of the term *‘ton” as applied to the two types of vessels. It is absolutely impossible to give rules for the relations of these terms, as the conditions vary too greatly. Generally speaking, the gross tonnage of a ship is from 50 to 100 per cent greater than the net tonnage. Tons displacement are always in excess of tons gross. Deadweight tonnage is on an average from 80 to 50 per cent greater than gross tonnage. THE BIBLE NEGLECTED. “Though Still the Best Seller, it Is Not Read as It Used to Be. Although the Bible stiil leads all oth- er best sellers, few read it. People still present Bibles to brides and grooms. People still present Bibles to children. Colporteurs still roam the country handing out Bibles among the villagers. Associations of devout en- thusiasts still put Bibles in hotels. But the Bible is seldom read aloud in the home. And the type of American who daily reads his Bible in secret from a @ense of duty is becoming more and more rare. Quite apart from its moral and re- ligious bearings, the neglect of the Bi- ble involves a cultural handicap worth noting. It involves a cramping of the popular vocabulary, as no other liter ary masterpiece is such a well of Eng- lish pure and undefiled. It involves a dulling of literary perceptions, as liter- ature abounds in Biblical allusions which every reader of the Bible in- stantly understands, but which only readers of the Bible ever can. Finally it involves a failure to respond to many a good joke, as an astonishing percentage of the best quips are noth- ing more or less than Biblical allusions. ‘It is mainly useless, we realize, to propose a course of self enforced Bible reading for adults. We insist, how- ever, that parents who want their chil- dren to get the most enjoyment out of life may well see to it that their chil- dren develop an acquaintance with the Bible. It is the basis of keen speech. It is the basis of intelligent reading. It is the basis of culture. And by cul- ture we mean a capacity for enjoying the fine and beautiful things of this world and the capacity for producing _some.—Chicago Tribune. Fright and the Hair. The hair does stand on end under certain conditions, because there is a little muscle down at the root of each hair that will make each hair stand up straight when this muscle pulls a certain way. It is difficult to say just how these muscles are caused to act in this way when we are fright- ened. We know that when thoroughly frightened our hair will sometimes stand straight up, and we know that it is this muscle at the root of each hair that makes it possible, says the Book of Wonders, but why it is that a big scare will make this muscle act this way we do not as yet know. Platinum Retorts. Platinzis is used directly in the mak- 1:2 of munitions of war and indirectly in all sorts of operations that are in- cidental to warlike operations. To cite but one example, in the man- ufacture of cerdite perfectly pure sul- phuric acié has to be used, and sul- phuric acid can only be perfectly purified in platinum retorts, each of which, by the way, represents a value of $50,000 to $75,000. A Lot to Know. When Disraeli was prime minister of England a good looking young man ap- plied to him for a government posi- tion. “I know, sir,” said the applicant wistfully, “how little I know.” “Dear me,” said Disraeli, “as much as that? I haven’t got half that dis- tance yet.” i Biting. Spinks— What made him so annoyed? Winks—He told his wife she had no judgment, and she just looked over him critically from head to foot and said she was beginning to realize it. Word From Brier Williames. Don’t be in a hurry fer de long lane ter turn, fer de lion what's waitin’ whar de turn is may be mighty hon- gryl—Atlanta Constitution. FOUGHT THE DRAFT The Scene in New York City Dur- ing the Riots of 1863. A BRIEF REIGN OF TERROR. For Five Days the Mobs Opposed to ' Conscription Raged Through the Streets, and More Than a Thousand Persons Were Killed or Wounded. During the draft riots in the war days of 1863 New York city was in the grip of a reign of terror and blood- shed for nearly a week. Conscription was begun on the morning of Tuesday, July 13, in a four story brick building at Third avenue and Forty-sixth street. under the supervision of Provost Mar shal Jenkins. Assistance and protec- tion had been promised, but no one came to help him and his little force. Drafting commenced at 9 o'clock, ang a big crowd stood outside. A stone was hurled through a window at 10:30 o'clock, and soon many more were bat. tering against the walls. Terrorized. the police and draft officers fled to the street. where many of them were roughly handled. The rioters rushed into the draft office and threw the enrollment books out of the windows to the crowd. which tore the records to shreds. The draft wheel, chairs and tables were smashed, piled in the middle of the room, and a match was applied. This building was one of the many burned, the aggregate loss by incendiary fires being estimated at $2,000,000. For negroes in the city it was a day of doom, the mob looking upon them as one of the chief causes of the draft. . Many of them were killed and wound- ed, some being shot, others beaten to death and still others hanged to trees and lampposts. The Colored Orphan asylum was burned. Near Fulton mar- ket boys killed three negroes and .left their bodies on the pier near Fulton ferry entrance. So suddenly did the shock come that the police and limited force of militia in town could not resist it. There was a hurried conference between Major General Wool, ex-Governor Morgan, General Anthon and Brigadier General Harvey Brown: but, owing to the ab- sence of Governor Horatio Seymour, whose opinion was wanted, martial law was not declared. Brigadier Gen- eral Brown, however, took command of the troops in the city and summoned from nearby points all available sol- diers. Mayor George Opdyke issued an anti-riot proclamation. During the afternoon a mob swept along Fifth avenue, destroying proper- ty. They were ready to burn Mayor Opdyke’s home, but Judge Barnard saved it by telling the crowd the only way to resist the draft was by bring- ing it before the court. He promised he would issue a writ of habeas corpus for any drafted man for whom appli- cation should be made. In all the mobs were many infuriated women, whose actions were often worse than those of the men. Horace Greeley. who was a particu- lar object of aversion to the rioters, started, as usual, from his home in Nineteenth street to go on a Fourth avenue car to the Tribune office. Friends told him of his danger, and he spent the day in Windust’s restaurant, at Park row and Ann street, and went home at night in a closed carriage while mobs were demanding his blood. Governor Seymour issued a procla- mation the next day calling on all citi- zens to stand by the constituted au- thorities and assist in maintaining order. Rioting, however, continued throughout the day and night, the po- lice, soldiers and mobs having many fatal encounters. On the third day the rioting contin- ved, and ‘many of the mob and the city’s defenders were killed or wound- ed. The federal authorities postponed the draft. but trouble did not cease at once. as many of the rioters thought the action was a governmental trick to gain time. / The fourth day brought further disorders in New York and Brooklyn. Archbishop Hughes ad- dressed a crowd in front of his home. urging them to keep the peace. His plea had a soothing effect. On the fifth day fighting ceased and order was partly restored. A heavy storm aiso dampened the ardor of the tired rioters General James B. Fry, provost marshal general of the United States. issued an order that drafting would be resumed. Brigadier General E. R. 8. Canby assumed command of the Federal troops in the city, reliev- ing General Brown. A roundup of ringleaders among the rioters followed. and many were arrested. By July 30 order was completely restored. More than 1,000 persons were killed or wounded during the rioting, among them Colonel O'Brien of the Eleventh New York volunteers, then in the city on recruiting duty. He ventured out in uniform after baving censpicuously opposed the mob. He was seized, beaten, dragged through the streets and finally flung into his own back yard, where he died.—New York Sun. Repotting Plants. Repotting plants becomes necessary at intervals from two considerations. The plant uses up the available fertil- ity in the soil and fills the pot with roots. In repoetting plants it is well to shake off whatever earth can be sep- arated without breaking and injuring the roots. Then water and shade for a few days. Fame is son he sus, and | eclate happl- | | pot be lost. 1g which must be ing which must won; honor Fighting the Fly. An excellent remedy for the fly pest Is formaldehyde. The correct strength may be secured by adding three tea- spoonfuls of the concentrated formal- dehyde solution to a pint of water. The solution should be kept in such a way that the flies can drink it. A good way is to take an ordinary thin walled tumbler and fill it partly full of the so- lution. Place on a saucer or small plate a piece of white blotting paper and cut it to the size of the dish. Then place it over the glass and turn the glass bottom up on the dish. As the solution dries out of the saucer the tumbler should be slightly raised up, so that the liquid will again flow over the entire surface. \ Another simple remedy to keep flies out of the house is by means of an odor unpleasant to flies. Any odor pleasing to man is offensive to the fiy and will drive them away, as, for in- stance, ofl of lavender, diluted; gera- nium, mignonette or hellotrope. Cows’ Milk and Casein. It-has been proved that casein, which forms over 8 per cent of the total weight of cows’ milk, is an important commercial product and may be profit- ably employed in the manufacture of glue, combs, buttons, linoleum, hair pins, toys, paints and even shoe polish. In the preparation of casein for com- mercial purposes about 700 gallons of skimmilk are put into a great vat and heated to about 135 degrees F. Then very dilute sulphuric acid is added to precipitate the casein or curd. The whey is drawn off, and the curd is drained and cut into chunks, after which streams of cold water are play- ed on it to wash out the acid. The curd is then dried with rotary fans and ground into powder, in which form it is placed on the market. One hundred pounds of skimmilk will yield about three and one-half pounds of casein powder.—Popular Science Monthly. Value of Thunderstorms. “Thunderstorms,” says Professor Ward in Science, “bring us much that is of benefit. To them we owe much, in parts of our country even most of our spring and summer rainfall. Without these beneficent thunderstorms our great staple crops east of the Rocky mountains would never reach matur- ity. One good thunderstorm over a con- siderable area at a critical crop stage is worth hundreds of thousands of dol- lars to American farmers. Our stock markets time and again show the fa- vorable reaction of such conditions upon the price of cereals and also of railroad and other stocks. Thunder showers break our summer droughts, cleanse our dusty air, refresh our parched earth, replenish our failing streams and brooks, bring us cool even- ings and nights after sultry and op- pressive days.” Kindergartens, A y “The first kindergartens in our coun- try,” said an educator, “were conduct- ed for the children of the well to do. The remarkable value of this training for the children of the poor was soon recognized, and mission kindergartens became numerous. Then the more progressive cities and towns tried them experimentally in their public schools. That their worth has been abundantly proved is clearly shown by the spread of the kindergarten, and the general introduction of kindergarten training departments into state normal schools and city training schools. “At present 1,228 cities have an ag- gregate of 8,463 kindergartens in their public schools, with an enrollment of 434,000 children.” A Browning Face. “A nasty jolt,” said Senator Penrose at the Philadelphia club, discussing a political betrayal; “a nasty and an un- expected jolt. It reminds me of the octogenarian banker who said to Gobsa Golde: * ‘Your beautiful girl wife declares that your face is like a poem.’ “ ‘Yes? Gobsa chuckled. ‘Have a cigar. So my wife says my face is like a poem, does she? *“ ‘Yes, answered the banker, with a loud, harsh laugh. ‘She says your face is like a poem by Browning because it’s got so many deep lines.’ ”—Phila- delphia Bulletin, Man and Pie. “Pie is all you need give any man for dessert,” said Mrs. Helen E. McLane, the food expert. “He thinks that pie is all there is to dessert anyway, and the more you give him of it the better he likes it. So give it to him, but be sure to give him the best, most nourishing kinds of pie, for there is a great differ- ence. “Mince ple is the best because it has more food value. But it is also the most ‘expensive. Prune pie properly draped and trimmed is a favorite with my men, and they know good pie when they see it.”—Exchange. Effective Threat. “Having any more trouble with that temperamental ingenue?”’ “No,” replied the manager. “I con- trived to get hold of a photograph of her son, who is now thirty-six years old, and the last time she got huffy I threatened to show it to a newspaper man.”—Birmingham Age-Herald. A Common Economic Mistake. The type of man who feels he has discharged his obligations as a hus- band when he provides his wife with a place to do housework for her board is not uncommon.—Topeka Capital. No Reason Assigned. Vicar (at village Red Cross concert) —Miss Jones wi i C ing again “I Can- not Tell You Why.”—London Opinion. He who is everywhere is nowhere. Seneca. FE, NONCSSUN T O n Cat 7” PROFESSIONAL CARDS. FIRE, AUTOMOBILE, COMPENSATION AND PLATE GLASS INSURANGE W. & COOK & SON Meyersdale, Pa. W. CURTIS TRUXAL, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, SOMERSET, PA. Prompt attention given to all lege business. WANTED—OQId papers, magazines, rubbers and shoes. J. D. DONER, 18-16 210 Grant ®t . Vetenarian 8. P. Fritz, vetenarian, castredag a speciality. P. O Address, Plas Hill, Pa. Economy Phope, Gumbert store, 121 Joseph L. Tressler Funeral Director and“Embalmer Meyersdale, Penna. Residences Office : 09 North Street 229 Center Meo conomy Phone. Both Phones. Driving It Homel Let us drive home to you the fact that no washwo- man can wash clothes in as sanitary a manner as that in which the work is done at our laundry. We use much more water, change the water many more times, use purer and more costly soap, and keep all the clothes in constant motion during the entire process. . It is simply a matter of having ) proper facilities, Meyersdale Steam Laundry SSNS NSN —r BILLION DOLLAR AIR FLEET IS REQUESTED President of Aero Club Tells Congress That Victory Is Certain With Enough Planes. A billion dollar air fleet. One hundred thousand airplanes. > The Clubby Smoke —“Buil” Durham | You start something lively when you produce “Bull” Durham in a crowd of live-wires and start “rolling your own”. That fresh, mellow-sweet fragrance of “Bull” Durham makes everyone reach for “the makings”. A hand-rolled “Bull” Durham , | cigarette brims over with zest and snap and the sparkle of sprightly spirits. ® GENUINE ‘BuLL DURHAM SMOKING TOBACCO Made of rich, ripe Virginia-North Carolina leaf, “Bull” Durham is the mildest, most enjoyable tobacco in the world. No other cigarette can be so full of life and youthful vigor as a fresh-rolled cigarette of “Bull” Durham. “Roll your own” with “Bull” Durham and you'll discover a new joy in smoking. FRE An Illustrated Booklet, showing correct way to C “Roll Your Own’ i and a p of cig papers, will both be mailed, free, to any address in U.S. on request. Address Bull”’ Durham, Durham, N.C. | Crue AMERICAN TOBACCO CO. Ash tov FREE package of ‘‘papers’’ with each 6c a WELL, WE WIN Our real service plumbing is bound to win the customer’s good will when he realizes that long use develops no defects, no poor arrangement of fixtures, no detai overlooked oo never that continuous neces- sity for repairs which accompanies so called ‘cheap’ plumbing. ; Our plumbing is not cheap. It is the best of workmanship, material and “Standard” fixtures installed at a reasonable price. Ask for a demonstration. BAER & COMPANY SRT a eeeeeteretesheree el eater ereesetesrents ¢ RORNCRICHCNN C4 From 10,000 to 20,000 trained avia- tors. These three things are the great essentials by which the United States can furnish an air fleet “to blind the eyes of the German army,” according to Allan R. Hawley, president of the Aero Club of America. Mr. Hawley appeared before the subcommittee of the house military affairs committee, at the first hearing of witnesses on the Hulbert-Sheppard bill to create a department of aeronautics. He de- clared that the administration’s pro- posal to expend $600,000,000 in placing American aeronautics on a war foot- ing would be far inadequate. America will be compelled to “do its bit” by supplying not less than 100,- 000 airplanes and from 10,000 to 20, 000 trained aviators. Amplifying the testimony of Rear Admiral Peary and other aerial experts, Mr. Hawley told the subcommittee that the United States has its supreme opportunity to render immediate service on the western front and that its contribu- tion to the strength of the allies in the air would greatly outweigh the results that might be achieved by sending an army of 100,000 men or more to the front later. The trials of the old directors of the, Pittsburgh Life and Trust company, charged with conspiracy ian connec- tion with turning over the assets of the company to Clarence F. Birdseye and his New York associates upor a small initial payment and the promise to pay them $80 a share for their gtock, will be held the first week in September. Two persons were killed and fifty were injured when two passen- ger cars and a work car on the Char- leroi line of the Pittsburgh Railways company collided at Birkhamer stop, two miles from Monongahela. The dead are George Patrich, aged twenty- three, of Charleroi, brakeman, and W. H. Wees, twenty-six, of Braddock, a passenger. Four hundred men, women and ckil- dren struggled helplessly amid burst- fng electric light bulbs and falling poles, to release themselves when 2a big . tent, belonging to the Redpath Chautauqua company, collapsed in Terentun during a windstorm, result- ing in probable fatal injury te one | person and serious injury to eight | others. i 30! o - rey | “Dowt suffer from train headadhes™ # LN AY ~N X 9 J] 1 5 When travel- a 2 | HR BT 1%, | ing, attending a Theatre or some Social 7 LI Function, or 79x J i if Shopping, don’t forget to have DR. MILES’ = Anti = 4° PAIN PILLS with you. They are in- valuable for Headache and all other Pains. 25 Doses, 25 Cents. Lay BRING DESIRED RELIEF. “I have used Dr. Miles’ Anti-Pain Pills for some time and find them an invaluable remedy for headache. I have always taken great pleasure in recommending them to® my friends, being confident that they will bring the desired relief. I am never without them and use them for all attacks of’ pain, knowing that they will not disappoint me.” MRS. W. H. BENSON, West Haven, Conn. IF FIRST BOX IS NOT SATIS- FACTORY, YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. )YAL “Har sya. - ut it ¥ == gs — nat BAKING POWDER ro Absolutely Purg No Alum —No Phosphate Bi Get our prices on job work. Subscribe for the Commereial. “Fu QUA Goetk that + follow shippi and 1 ‘other Goe reliev whole threal a disj ~ Wa by su the p decap the pi Goeth the F ways all pz liam ] to res thals memb hands The filled. of the annou N. Hi Bainb Admiz Hur of the he re busine Coll busine active in the Adm naval The the bx United annous Mexic: tested soldier Ll] Butt creame Catt @11.7¢ fair, $ $6.50@ $6@10 $6@9.2 $40@9 Shee $10@1 mixed, $4.60@ calves, calves, Hog: and © Yorker $15.50 $13.50 Catt @11.50 and u steers, @10; $9@9.5 mon tx fat ba bulls, cows, | canner COWS a Calv $16; roughs. good, | Hogs @16; $14.40 pigs, $: Caittl 14.15; stocker * and he 918. Ct A anes pen:
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers