THE MEYERSDALE COMMERCIAL, MEYERSD ALE, PA.
"SHIPS AND THEIR SIZE:
Why You Cannot Compare the Vessels
According to Tonnage.
The different uses of tonnage terms
when speaking of ships are causes of
confusion to the lay mind, states Cap-
tain C. A. McAllister, engineer in chief,
United States coast guard, in the Popu-
lar Science Monthly. For example,
steamship companies in order to im-
press upon the traveling public the
size and consequent relative safety of
their craft will advertise the sailing of
a certain steamer of 20,000 tons, mean-
ing, of course, gross tons. The com-
pany’s agent, in entering her at the
custom house, will take great precau-
tion to certify that she is of only 7,340
tons when paying tonnage taxes. He
then is referring to her net tonnage,
and, in fact, that standard is used only
when paying dues or taxes.
Displacement tonnage is almost ex-
¢lusiveiy applied to warships, as they
do not carry cargoes. Strange to say,
the tonnage of a battleship varies al-
most hourly, as coal or other weighty
objects are used or taken on board.
The tonnage of warships is, however,
fixed. They are referred to in terms
of the fixed tonnage.
A statement that a 10,000 ton battle.
ship sank a 10.000 ton merchant ship
does not mean that the ships were of
equal size. The merchant ship would
be much the larger owing to the dif-
ferent meanings of the term *‘ton” as
applied to the two types of vessels. It
is absolutely impossible to give rules
for the relations of these terms, as the
conditions vary too greatly. Generally
speaking, the gross tonnage of a ship
is from 50 to 100 per cent greater than
the net tonnage. Tons displacement
are always in excess of tons gross.
Deadweight tonnage is on an average
from 80 to 50 per cent greater than
gross tonnage.
THE BIBLE NEGLECTED.
“Though Still the Best Seller, it Is Not
Read as It Used to Be.
Although the Bible stiil leads all oth-
er best sellers, few read it. People
still present Bibles to brides and
grooms. People still present Bibles to
children. Colporteurs still roam the
country handing out Bibles among the
villagers. Associations of devout en-
thusiasts still put Bibles in hotels. But
the Bible is seldom read aloud in the
home. And the type of American who
daily reads his Bible in secret from a
@ense of duty is becoming more and
more rare.
Quite apart from its moral and re-
ligious bearings, the neglect of the Bi-
ble involves a cultural handicap worth
noting. It involves a cramping of the
popular vocabulary, as no other liter
ary masterpiece is such a well of Eng-
lish pure and undefiled. It involves a
dulling of literary perceptions, as liter-
ature abounds in Biblical allusions
which every reader of the Bible in-
stantly understands, but which only
readers of the Bible ever can. Finally
it involves a failure to respond to
many a good joke, as an astonishing
percentage of the best quips are noth-
ing more or less than Biblical allusions.
‘It is mainly useless, we realize, to
propose a course of self enforced Bible
reading for adults. We insist, how-
ever, that parents who want their chil-
dren to get the most enjoyment out of
life may well see to it that their chil-
dren develop an acquaintance with the
Bible. It is the basis of keen speech.
It is the basis of intelligent reading.
It is the basis of culture. And by cul-
ture we mean a capacity for enjoying
the fine and beautiful things of this
world and the capacity for producing
_some.—Chicago Tribune.
Fright and the Hair.
The hair does stand on end under
certain conditions, because there is
a little muscle down at the root of
each hair that will make each hair
stand up straight when this muscle
pulls a certain way. It is difficult to
say just how these muscles are caused
to act in this way when we are fright-
ened. We know that when thoroughly
frightened our hair will sometimes
stand straight up, and we know that
it is this muscle at the root of each
hair that makes it possible, says the
Book of Wonders, but why it is that
a big scare will make this muscle act
this way we do not as yet know.
Platinum Retorts.
Platinzis is used directly in the mak-
1:2 of munitions of war and indirectly
in all sorts of operations that are in-
cidental to warlike operations.
To cite but one example, in the man-
ufacture of cerdite perfectly pure sul-
phuric acié has to be used, and sul-
phuric acid can only be perfectly
purified in platinum retorts, each of
which, by the way, represents a value
of $50,000 to $75,000.
A Lot to Know.
When Disraeli was prime minister of
England a good looking young man ap-
plied to him for a government posi-
tion. “I know, sir,” said the applicant
wistfully, “how little I know.”
“Dear me,” said Disraeli, “as much
as that? I haven’t got half that dis-
tance yet.”
i
Biting.
Spinks— What made him so annoyed?
Winks—He told his wife she had no
judgment, and she just looked over
him critically from head to foot and
said she was beginning to realize it.
Word From Brier Williames.
Don’t be in a hurry fer de long lane
ter turn, fer de lion what's waitin’
whar de turn is may be mighty hon-
gryl—Atlanta Constitution.
FOUGHT THE DRAFT
The Scene in New York City Dur-
ing the Riots of 1863.
A BRIEF REIGN OF TERROR.
For Five Days the Mobs Opposed to
' Conscription Raged Through the
Streets, and More Than a Thousand
Persons Were Killed or Wounded.
During the draft riots in the war
days of 1863 New York city was in the
grip of a reign of terror and blood-
shed for nearly a week. Conscription
was begun on the morning of Tuesday,
July 13, in a four story brick building
at Third avenue and Forty-sixth street.
under the supervision of Provost Mar
shal Jenkins. Assistance and protec-
tion had been promised, but no one
came to help him and his little force.
Drafting commenced at 9 o'clock, ang
a big crowd stood outside. A stone
was hurled through a window at 10:30
o'clock, and soon many more were bat.
tering against the walls. Terrorized.
the police and draft officers fled to the
street. where many of them were
roughly handled.
The rioters rushed into the draft
office and threw the enrollment books
out of the windows to the crowd.
which tore the records to shreds. The
draft wheel, chairs and tables were
smashed, piled in the middle of the
room, and a match was applied. This
building was one of the many burned,
the aggregate loss by incendiary fires
being estimated at $2,000,000.
For negroes in the city it was a day
of doom, the mob looking upon them
as one of the chief causes of the draft.
. Many of them were killed and wound-
ed, some being shot, others beaten to
death and still others hanged to trees
and lampposts. The Colored Orphan
asylum was burned. Near Fulton mar-
ket boys killed three negroes and .left
their bodies on the pier near Fulton
ferry entrance.
So suddenly did the shock come that
the police and limited force of militia
in town could not resist it. There was
a hurried conference between Major
General Wool, ex-Governor Morgan,
General Anthon and Brigadier General
Harvey Brown: but, owing to the ab-
sence of Governor Horatio Seymour,
whose opinion was wanted, martial
law was not declared. Brigadier Gen-
eral Brown, however, took command of
the troops in the city and summoned
from nearby points all available sol-
diers. Mayor George Opdyke issued
an anti-riot proclamation.
During the afternoon a mob swept
along Fifth avenue, destroying proper-
ty. They were ready to burn Mayor
Opdyke’s home, but Judge Barnard
saved it by telling the crowd the only
way to resist the draft was by bring-
ing it before the court. He promised
he would issue a writ of habeas corpus
for any drafted man for whom appli-
cation should be made. In all the
mobs were many infuriated women,
whose actions were often worse than
those of the men.
Horace Greeley. who was a particu-
lar object of aversion to the rioters,
started, as usual, from his home in
Nineteenth street to go on a Fourth
avenue car to the Tribune office.
Friends told him of his danger, and he
spent the day in Windust’s restaurant,
at Park row and Ann street, and went
home at night in a closed carriage
while mobs were demanding his blood.
Governor Seymour issued a procla-
mation the next day calling on all citi-
zens to stand by the constituted au-
thorities and assist in maintaining
order. Rioting, however, continued
throughout the day and night, the po-
lice, soldiers and mobs having many
fatal encounters.
On the third day the rioting contin-
ved, and ‘many of the mob and the
city’s defenders were killed or wound-
ed. The federal authorities postponed
the draft. but trouble did not cease at
once. as many of the rioters thought
the action was a governmental trick to
gain time. / The fourth day brought
further disorders in New York and
Brooklyn. Archbishop Hughes ad-
dressed a crowd in front of his home.
urging them to keep the peace. His
plea had a soothing effect.
On the fifth day fighting ceased and
order was partly restored. A heavy
storm aiso dampened the ardor of the
tired rioters General James B. Fry,
provost marshal general of the United
States. issued an order that drafting
would be resumed. Brigadier General
E. R. 8. Canby assumed command of
the Federal troops in the city, reliev-
ing General Brown. A roundup of
ringleaders among the rioters followed.
and many were arrested. By July 30
order was completely restored.
More than 1,000 persons were killed
or wounded during the rioting, among
them Colonel O'Brien of the Eleventh
New York volunteers, then in the city
on recruiting duty. He ventured out
in uniform after baving censpicuously
opposed the mob. He was seized,
beaten, dragged through the streets
and finally flung into his own back
yard, where he died.—New York Sun.
Repotting Plants.
Repotting plants becomes necessary
at intervals from two considerations.
The plant uses up the available fertil-
ity in the soil and fills the pot with
roots. In repoetting plants it is well to
shake off whatever earth can be sep-
arated without breaking and injuring
the roots. Then water and shade for a
few days.
Fame is son
he sus, and |
eclate happl- |
| pot be lost.
1g which must be
ing which must
won; honor
Fighting the Fly.
An excellent remedy for the fly pest
Is formaldehyde. The correct strength
may be secured by adding three tea-
spoonfuls of the concentrated formal-
dehyde solution to a pint of water.
The solution should be kept in such a
way that the flies can drink it. A good
way is to take an ordinary thin walled
tumbler and fill it partly full of the so-
lution. Place on a saucer or small
plate a piece of white blotting paper
and cut it to the size of the dish. Then
place it over the glass and turn the
glass bottom up on the dish. As the
solution dries out of the saucer the
tumbler should be slightly raised up,
so that the liquid will again flow over
the entire surface. \
Another simple remedy to keep flies
out of the house is by means of an
odor unpleasant to flies. Any odor
pleasing to man is offensive to the fiy
and will drive them away, as, for in-
stance, ofl of lavender, diluted; gera-
nium, mignonette or hellotrope.
Cows’ Milk and Casein.
It-has been proved that casein, which
forms over 8 per cent of the total
weight of cows’ milk, is an important
commercial product and may be profit-
ably employed in the manufacture of
glue, combs, buttons, linoleum, hair
pins, toys, paints and even shoe polish.
In the preparation of casein for com-
mercial purposes about 700 gallons of
skimmilk are put into a great vat and
heated to about 135 degrees F. Then
very dilute sulphuric acid is added to
precipitate the casein or curd. The
whey is drawn off, and the curd is
drained and cut into chunks, after
which streams of cold water are play-
ed on it to wash out the acid. The curd
is then dried with rotary fans and
ground into powder, in which form it is
placed on the market. One hundred
pounds of skimmilk will yield about
three and one-half pounds of casein
powder.—Popular Science Monthly.
Value of Thunderstorms.
“Thunderstorms,” says Professor
Ward in Science, “bring us much that
is of benefit. To them we owe much, in
parts of our country even most of our
spring and summer rainfall. Without
these beneficent thunderstorms our
great staple crops east of the Rocky
mountains would never reach matur-
ity. One good thunderstorm over a con-
siderable area at a critical crop stage
is worth hundreds of thousands of dol-
lars to American farmers. Our stock
markets time and again show the fa-
vorable reaction of such conditions
upon the price of cereals and also of
railroad and other stocks. Thunder
showers break our summer droughts,
cleanse our dusty air, refresh our
parched earth, replenish our failing
streams and brooks, bring us cool even-
ings and nights after sultry and op-
pressive days.”
Kindergartens, A y
“The first kindergartens in our coun-
try,” said an educator, “were conduct-
ed for the children of the well to do.
The remarkable value of this training
for the children of the poor was soon
recognized, and mission kindergartens
became numerous. Then the more
progressive cities and towns tried them
experimentally in their public schools.
That their worth has been abundantly
proved is clearly shown by the spread
of the kindergarten, and the general
introduction of kindergarten training
departments into state normal schools
and city training schools.
“At present 1,228 cities have an ag-
gregate of 8,463 kindergartens in their
public schools, with an enrollment of
434,000 children.”
A Browning Face.
“A nasty jolt,” said Senator Penrose
at the Philadelphia club, discussing a
political betrayal; “a nasty and an un-
expected jolt. It reminds me of the
octogenarian banker who said to Gobsa
Golde:
* ‘Your beautiful girl wife declares
that your face is like a poem.’
“ ‘Yes? Gobsa chuckled. ‘Have a
cigar. So my wife says my face is
like a poem, does she?
*“ ‘Yes, answered the banker, with a
loud, harsh laugh. ‘She says your face
is like a poem by Browning because
it’s got so many deep lines.’ ”—Phila-
delphia Bulletin,
Man and Pie.
“Pie is all you need give any man for
dessert,” said Mrs. Helen E. McLane,
the food expert. “He thinks that pie is
all there is to dessert anyway, and the
more you give him of it the better he
likes it. So give it to him, but be sure
to give him the best, most nourishing
kinds of pie, for there is a great differ-
ence.
“Mince ple is the best because it has
more food value. But it is also the
most ‘expensive. Prune pie properly
draped and trimmed is a favorite with
my men, and they know good pie when
they see it.”—Exchange.
Effective Threat.
“Having any more trouble with that
temperamental ingenue?”’
“No,” replied the manager. “I con-
trived to get hold of a photograph of
her son, who is now thirty-six years
old, and the last time she got huffy I
threatened to show it to a newspaper
man.”—Birmingham Age-Herald.
A Common Economic Mistake.
The type of man who feels he has
discharged his obligations as a hus-
band when he provides his wife with
a place to do housework for her board
is not uncommon.—Topeka Capital.
No Reason Assigned.
Vicar (at village Red Cross concert)
—Miss Jones wi i C
ing again “I Can-
not Tell You Why.”—London Opinion.
He who is everywhere is nowhere.
Seneca.
FE, NONCSSUN T O n Cat
7”
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
FIRE, AUTOMOBILE,
COMPENSATION AND
PLATE GLASS INSURANGE
W. & COOK & SON
Meyersdale, Pa.
W. CURTIS TRUXAL,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
SOMERSET, PA.
Prompt attention given to all lege
business.
WANTED—OQId papers, magazines,
rubbers and shoes.
J. D. DONER,
18-16 210 Grant ®t
.
Vetenarian
8. P. Fritz, vetenarian, castredag
a speciality. P. O Address, Plas
Hill, Pa. Economy Phope, Gumbert
store, 121
Joseph L. Tressler
Funeral Director and“Embalmer
Meyersdale, Penna.
Residences Office :
09 North Street 229 Center Meo
conomy Phone. Both Phones.
Driving It Homel
Let us drive home to you
the fact that no washwo-
man can wash clothes in
as sanitary a manner as
that in which the work is
done at our laundry.
We use much more water,
change the water many
more times, use purer and
more costly soap, and keep
all the clothes in constant
motion during the entire
process.
. It is simply a matter of having
) proper facilities,
Meyersdale Steam Laundry
SSNS NSN
—r
BILLION DOLLAR AIR
FLEET IS REQUESTED
President of Aero Club Tells Congress
That Victory Is Certain With
Enough Planes.
A billion dollar air fleet.
One hundred thousand airplanes.
>
The Clubby Smoke —“Buil” Durham |
You start something lively when you produce
“Bull” Durham in a crowd of live-wires and start
“rolling your own”. That fresh, mellow-sweet
fragrance of “Bull” Durham makes everyone reach
for “the makings”. A hand-rolled “Bull” Durham , |
cigarette brims over with zest and snap and the
sparkle of sprightly spirits.
® GENUINE
‘BuLL DURHAM
SMOKING TOBACCO
Made of rich, ripe Virginia-North
Carolina leaf, “Bull” Durham is
the mildest, most enjoyable tobacco
in the world.
No other cigarette can be so
full of life and youthful vigor as
a fresh-rolled cigarette of “Bull”
Durham.
“Roll your own” with “Bull”
Durham and you'll discover a new
joy in smoking.
FRE An Illustrated Booklet,
showing correct way to
C “Roll Your Own’
i and a p of cig
papers, will both be mailed, free, to any
address in U.S. on request. Address
Bull”’ Durham, Durham, N.C. |
Crue AMERICAN TOBACCO CO.
Ash tov FREE
package of ‘‘papers’’
with each 6c a
WELL, WE WIN
Our real service plumbing is bound to
win the customer’s good will when he
realizes that long use develops no defects,
no poor arrangement of fixtures, no detai
overlooked oo never that continuous neces-
sity for repairs which accompanies so called
‘cheap’ plumbing. ;
Our plumbing is not cheap. It is the
best of workmanship, material and “Standard”
fixtures installed at a reasonable price.
Ask for a demonstration.
BAER & COMPANY
SRT
a
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¢ RORNCRICHCNN C4
From 10,000 to 20,000 trained avia-
tors.
These three things are the great
essentials by which the United States
can furnish an air fleet “to blind the
eyes of the German army,” according
to Allan R. Hawley, president of the
Aero Club of America. Mr. Hawley
appeared before the subcommittee of
the house military affairs committee,
at the first hearing of witnesses on
the Hulbert-Sheppard bill to create a
department of aeronautics. He de-
clared that the administration’s pro-
posal to expend $600,000,000 in placing
American aeronautics on a war foot-
ing would be far inadequate.
America will be compelled to “do its
bit” by supplying not less than 100,-
000 airplanes and from 10,000 to 20,
000 trained aviators. Amplifying the
testimony of Rear Admiral Peary and
other aerial experts, Mr. Hawley told
the subcommittee that the United
States has its supreme opportunity
to render immediate service on the
western front and that its contribu-
tion to the strength of the allies in
the air would greatly outweigh the
results that might be achieved by
sending an army of 100,000 men or
more to the front later.
The trials of the old directors of the,
Pittsburgh Life and Trust company,
charged with conspiracy ian connec-
tion with turning over the assets of
the company to Clarence F. Birdseye
and his New York associates upor a
small initial payment and the promise
to pay them $80 a share for their
gtock, will be held the first week in
September.
Two persons were killed and
fifty were injured when two passen-
ger cars and a work car on the Char-
leroi line of the Pittsburgh Railways
company collided at Birkhamer stop,
two miles from Monongahela. The
dead are George Patrich, aged twenty-
three, of Charleroi, brakeman, and W.
H. Wees, twenty-six, of Braddock, a
passenger.
Four hundred men, women and ckil-
dren struggled helplessly amid burst-
fng electric light bulbs and falling
poles, to release themselves when 2a
big . tent, belonging to the Redpath
Chautauqua company, collapsed in
Terentun during a windstorm, result-
ing in probable fatal injury te one |
person and serious injury to eight |
others. i
30! o - rey |
“Dowt suffer from
train headadhes™ #
LN AY ~N
X 9 J] 1 5
When travel- a 2 | HR BT
1%, |
ing, attending
a Theatre or
some Social 7 LI
Function, or 79x
J i
if Shopping,
don’t forget to have
DR. MILES’
= Anti = 4°
PAIN PILLS
with you. They are in-
valuable for Headache
and all other Pains.
25 Doses, 25 Cents.
Lay
BRING DESIRED RELIEF.
“I have used Dr. Miles’ Anti-Pain
Pills for some time and find them
an invaluable remedy for headache.
I have always taken great pleasure
in recommending them to® my
friends, being confident that they
will bring the desired relief. I am
never without them and use them
for all attacks of’ pain, knowing
that they will not disappoint me.”
MRS. W. H. BENSON,
West Haven, Conn.
IF FIRST BOX IS NOT SATIS-
FACTORY, YOUR MONEY WILL
BE REFUNDED.
)YAL
“Har sya.
- ut it ¥ == gs — nat
BAKING POWDER
ro Absolutely Purg
No Alum —No Phosphate
Bi
Get our prices on job work. Subscribe for the Commereial.
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fair, $
$6.50@
$6@10
$6@9.2
$40@9
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$10@1
mixed,
$4.60@
calves,
calves,
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$15.50
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