ARRiEiWiL "^TirfP 3 A Varied Ui«t Tor I lie Cow. Never depend upon a single food for an animal. The cow prefers a varied diet and will give more milk when her food is of a kind to tempt her to eat. A good cow necessarily consumes more food than an inferior one. Clover anil Fertilizers. it is claimed that land can be recu perated by the growing of clover, as it derives nitrogen from tho atmos phere, but clover will not thrive un less the soil can supply lime, potash and phosphoric acid. These sub stances will bo removed from the soil by clover, and if the clover is har vested and sold the land will lose the plant foods that go with the clover, hence, if the clover is plowed under It returns to the soil only the mineral matter taken from the soil, the gain being in nitrogen. To secure large yields of clover, therefore, there must be given the soil a liberal application of the mineral substances, potash and phosphoric acid especially, while lime is always beneficial. When drilling in the wheat, and using fertilizer at the same time, apply extra fertilizer in or der to assist the clover in the spring. Quality l>etermino* tho Price. Quality in poultry controls the price, and prices are often reduced because of tho large supply of inferior stock that reaches the market. Farmers who seek to reduce the number of in dividuals in their flocks by selling off the surplus males and females mane a mistako in not fattening them before shipping. If fed on a variety with corn as the leading article 01' food the fowls intended for market will gain considerably in 10 days. The extra weight secured is an advantage, but. the largest gain will be the increased price for quality. Those who suppose that a coop of fowls are sold without ff ;ard to the individuals will learn t 1 sir mistake by observing the com n ssion merchants and retailers, who a< vays assort the birds when it is pos sib'e to do so. If sold as a coop of fowls the price of the whole will be reduced if one or two poor birds are in the lot Improvori Methods of Corn Harvesting. The past few years have seen wonder ful improvements in the methods of harvesting corn. Several large agri cultural machine manufacturers have been putting corn harvesters on the market. The demand for tho machines when well understood was greater than the capacity of lhe factories. In many sections it is a rarity to And a farmer without a corn harvester. The great advantage in using these corn harvest ers is the saving of labor. Any one who has tried it knows that cutting com by hand is one of the most la borious of farm operations. Then, too, the corn harvester binds the stalks in bundles and the fodder consequently Is much easier to handle. Better shocks can be made and more desirable fodder results. As a complement to the corn binder, the modern husker and shredder is a great success and has come to stay. Different sizes are manufactured and they work so perfectly that not only Is a large amount husked each day, but the husks are taken off completely. The shredded fodder is in excellent condition for feeding, and if properly stacked or stored in the mow is al most as good as hay, provided the corn has been cut early.—Elbert Wheeler, in American Agriculturist. I'roparing the Seed I'.ed for Wheat, Experiments in deep and shallow plowing for wheat at a largo number of agricultural experiment stations, show that the depth of plowing is not of so much importance with tnis crop as a firm seed bed, the upper three or four inches of which is mellow and in good tilth. As with the other cereals, subsoiling has not been found finan cially profitable. Early plowing for fall wheat has been found especially desirable at a large number of the experiment sta tions. In many states it is a com mon custom among farmers to sow wheat after oats. Where this is done the earlier the soil is plowed after the cat crop is removed the better the re sults will be. This point has been well brought out by experiments at a num ber of different stations in all parts of tho country. The value of early plowing for fall wheat has lately been summarized by the department of agriculture as fol lows: Early plowing, followed at in tervals by harrowing, prevents the growth of weeds, conserves the moist ure of tho soil, keeps the soil in good tilth and results in the formation of i seed bed best suited for the prompt germination and growth of the seed. The cost of preparing the ground is lessened, the yie.u of grain is in creased and the practice is financially profitable. Many farmers roll the seed bed. On heavy lands this is of no advantage, but on lighter soils it firms down the Bced bed, thus insuring a more even germination of the soed and a more certain contact with the soil water contained in the subsoil, and would seem to be desirable, especially In dry seasons. In Utah rolllngand harrowing after seeding increased the yield a lit tle over three bushels per acre. On the value of rolling wheat lands in the west the United States department of agriculU'-e has this to say: A roll er should never be used on the western plains, except in the case of lata plow ing, and even then It should be used only before drilling. This Is owing to the fact that roughness of surface is valuable for holding moisture and checking the Injurious action of dry winds. The seed bed should be made \ery fine and mellow before drilling, and whenever possible the drill rows F.liould run east and west. Strict at tention to such general principles as Hie foregoing will result In an increase in certain seasons of as much as five or 10 bushels per acre. —C. B. Smith, in New England Homestead. Organic Matter In Soils. Scientists who have given their at tention to soils devote considerable discussion to humus and its formation. The soil Is largely composed of clay lime, silica (sand) and humus, and, according to Mr. Freer-Thonger of England, who has devoted much of his time to the investigation of soils, all vegetable matter which grows and dies on the soil is transformed Into humus. Formerly it was supposed that humus alone furnished food for plants, hence the fertility of a soil was estimated ac cording to its content in humus or or ganic matter. Thero was some truth in the belief, for in organic matter un dergoing decomposition there exists ni trogenous matters which are gradually converted into ammonia and nitric acid. Carbonic acid gas is also a prod uct of decomposition, which acts pow erfully in rendering soluble the min eral elements of the soil. Humus soils have the property of retaining the sol uble mineral salts, which are so easily washed away into tho subsoil. Soils containing much humus are easily worked, and owing to their dark color are easily warmed by the sun. Such soils give good returns when dressed with phosphate, although on clay soii3 less potash may be required than on light sandy land. The application oi lime favors nitrification of the nitro genous organic matter. It is claimed that humus soils are rich in nitrogen, poor in phosphoric acid, with varia ble quantities of potash. Sandy soil 3 are poor in all the plant foods. Clay soils are rich in potash, poor in phos phoric acid, but vary in nitrogen. These claims, however, depend largely upon the characteristics of soils, their treatment and the kinds of crops that have been grown thereon. Humus is formed under many con ditions. Eeaves, roots, straw, manure and green substances that have been turned under all assist in the work. The value of humus does not depend exclusively upon its content of plant foo<l, but mostly in the influence it ex erts on the soil in relation to its phy sical condition, and its acid in render ing the plant food of the soil availa ble for the sustenance and growth of plants. The upper portion of the soil usually contains more humus than the deeper portion, which marks or con stitutes the difference between soil and subsoil. Humus is the great reser voir which retains the soil moisture and nitrogen. It absorbs moisture like a eponge and prevents escape of mois ture that would otherwise be lost; but, while it stores up nitrogen and other plant food it slowly and constantly gives out carbonic acid gas as a result of decay of vegetable matter. This acid acts on stones, soils and all in soluble materials, setting free the pot ash and phosphates contained, thus providing plant foods for crops. Be sides carbonic acid evolved from hu mus, other vegetable acids are formed, which combine with lime, potash and other substances to form humates. All of these processes are constantly oc curring, the plant foods of the soil be coming available even when the farmer does not assist in the work, for it is well known that one of the most di rect and effective methods of adding to the humus of the soil is by the plow ing under of green crops, which collect carbon from the atmosphere, and If clover, peas, beans or other leguminous crops are used a large amount of nitro gen is also added to the soil. The use of green crops is almost necessary in order to promote the formation of hu mus. although It has been demonstrat ed that when the ground is covered with sod or any other covering there is a formation of humus under proper conditions. Every farmer should endeavor to so rotate and cultivate his crops as to promote the formation of humus, but it may be stated that it has been found by experiment when the soil was well .supplied with the phosphates and pot ash there Is more humus formed than when such mineral substances are de ficient, hence no farmer should depend upon green manorial crops exclusively. Even barnyard manure, which pro motes the formation of humus, will not give as good results as when both ma nure and fertilizers are used. It la the duty of the farmer to keep his land well supplied with all the essential elements so necessary for plants, for it is often a grave mistake to allow any substance to be lacking, as there Is such a thing as a superabundance of one substance with an Insufficiency of others, in which case the crop will make excellent progress for awhile and then fail to utilize more of the partic ular plant food with which it has been overfed. Humus assists in providing all the fods, and also holds the mois ture for the supply of the crop. There is constantly occurring in tho soil more or less loss of plant food. Exposure at certain seasons is injurious to soils. Shade Is one of the conditions re quired by soil bacteria, and shade con duces to the formation of humus. In fact, all farmers know that when a heavy sod is turned under the result 1s a large addition of humus to the soil. Such sod land may have been closely cropped by grazing cattle, but It gained in fertility, due to the shading of the roil, and also to the prevention of loss of soluble plant foods by leaching from rains and melting snows. Any kind of crop that covers the soil, therefore, as sists in the formation of humus in the soil.—rhiladelphla Record. " Straws Show Which Way the Wind Blow*," and the constantly increasing demand for and Iteady growth in popularity of St. Jacobs Oil Iraong all classes of people in every part of Iho civilized world show conclusively what tho people use for their Hheuraatiein and bodily achei and pains. Fucts speak louder than words, and the fact romninu un disputed that the sale of St. Jacobs Oil is greater than all other remedies for outward application combined. It acts like magic, :ures where everything else fails, conquers pain. Boston was the first city in the country to establish free public baths. Permission has been [riven for the erec tion of a crematory in Madrid, Spain. It requires no experience to dye with PUT NAM FADELESS DYES. Simply boiling your goods in the dye is all that is necessary. Sold by all druggists. Between the years 1760 and 1776 100,000 pounds of silk were exported from Geor gia to England. It doesn't take an agriculturist to raise a row. Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup for children teething, soften the gums, reduces inflamma tion,allays pain, cures wind colic. 25c abottl e There are 30,000 Portuguese in Massa chusetts, Boston having over 3000. "SPEAR H EAD" <9 .° 2 ' "OLD HONESTY" I#§|S "jolly TAR" BgwyS yar "standard navt "BOOTJACK" 112 "PIPER HEIDSIECK" DRUHHOND NATURAL LEAF - "PLANET" fsnl OUITCR KMF& Hoatts. 60 TAGS' ylSi "NEPTUNE" JWrL "STAR" mZZ_J |u|| '1 I flj'lll' SUCAU SHtli'AOC£*S" SO TACS. °'S ®1 "HORSE SHOE" ft .a rife O£mJL "OLD PEACH phoney" iJsZ XSP *ord* V.// x\ V^V i— . "UriDDVCDIIII Dm r SPtT BAMBOO HiHWenO 2*o TAGS. UQjj | U IS V# LLi " E. Rice, Qreenvllle," "Qood Luck," "Cross 3irJ Bow," •« Master Workman," •• Sickle," •• Brandy- wine," "Razor," "Tennessee Cross Tic," " Ole ' (TWO " Granger Twist" tags being equal to one of others mentioned.) GGGGP TAOS MAY BE ASSORTED IN SECURING PRESENTS. |jjf TAo *' FQU.irAiN PCN JOO TACS. CJ j»ArcH a Our new illustrated IfL^ CATALOGUE OF PRESENTS ' I | i will include many articles not shown here. It will contain the /w W$ M " A "i>iis. T most attractive List of Presents ever offered for Tags, and. will i uui w ' ■ 1 \/jy/F be sent by mail on receipt of postage—two cents. 4 / iff /, if lL (Catalogue will be ready for mailing about January Ist.' 1902.) Our offer of Presents for Tags will expire Nov. 30th, 1902. 1 -' I CONTINENTAL TOBACCO COMPANY. rT" S5^~ : H Write your name and address plainly on outside of packages - containing Tags, and send them and requests for Presents to ' C. Hy. BROWN, The musical crank is always ready to do a turn. S9OO TO SISOO A YEAR We want intelligent Men and Women a 9 Traveling Representatives or Local Managers; salary S9OO to SISOO a year and all expenses, according to experience and ability. We also want local representatives ; salary $9 to sls a week and commission, depending upon the time devoted. Seud stamp for full particulars and State position prefered. Address, Dept. B. THE BELL COMPANY. Philadelphia, Pa. ASTHMA-HAY FEVER . A CURED BY fcSBfSP je) FREE TRIAL BOTTLE ADDRESS DB.TAFT/79 E.130? ST.. N.Y CITY SaaßE^Hnamg^h v , CURES WHfcRE All. ELSE FAILS. Sf" Best Cough Syrup. Tantes Good. Use » In time. Sold by druggists. H "Tin l Sauce that innde \Ve*t Point I'mHons." McILHENNY'S TABASCO. SOZODOHT for the TEETH 25c SOZODONT Tooth Powdar 25c DROPSYSS.^ ~ easts- BOOK of testimonials and IO days' traatmaot J* x—43 Pf. Dr. ■. ■. QBBSW'S BOMB. Baa B. Atlaata. Oa. YWLftDOUGLAS t 1 - : "1 . UNION MADE -ftv I F/14 A 1 O L?\ VW. L. Douglas S4 Gilt Edgo Lin. a Cannot bo Equaled at Any I I / 1 • c\l \ "}■ " Far laralhaa a Quarter afaCeatary # , fe'y?" M\ l I JfC3--•AwmJr \ * he reputation of W. L. Douglas sß.ooand 33.W ff IsSi B Mi? »£| /c in Jr shoos for style, comfort and wear has excelled M EHr} VF*. ~2%l fr Rat s other makes sold at these prices. This ex-■ !W?f V fm&jr fm&jr * ' cellent reputation has been won by merit alone* t 1 v Jt// ■ HHS fr\ fa? lllm AiJ|a4i W.L. Douglas shoes hare to glre l»et- I 1 ■ /-V I IK? t? ter satisfaction than other $3.00 and I yf/aas&jK Ls m WNkL_-.:Jk 60 hoes because his reputation for ■ NugHjmgk JT fT F> : . • dt&w the bests3.oJ and $3.50 shoes must be main-■ j*] ISITV\ I*B* 5° high that the wearer receives more valued r iV i ID l l*f\ |o i or l " 8 money in the W. L. Douglas $3.00 A Kb*. # w3'j£ x> \ fe>? Q*i(v -L $3.50 shoes than he can get elsewhere. W. V*. •' M Msfr \ n T>o"«la 9 makes and sells more $3.00 and $3.50 shoes tha ,; /AETiPIJ -IT any other two manufacturers In the world. my Eyelet* tiat*«l. W, L. Douglas St BadlS.6oik«M irfaiitc üb" 7 LA in of k'fh frrait* leather* aaed la Si aid SB «hora, and l &^ ISL'; MR * * AUT ** ** OD '■ WO '- CATALOG FBU. l«sv ] _ / Sold by 63 Douglas stores in American cities selling direct from factory ~2f {§ &_/ to wearer at one profit; and the best shoe dealers everywhere. la j£k laalst apoa Aaviag; W. L. Donglaa ahoca with aiat k 1 JUI LLL'L !L" a 1 ;i' PRICE •lamped oa botioa. Shoes sent any- Bjs^ where on receipt of price and 26c. addi .A aHatT-.-'-Ky, ' Itlonal for carriage. Take measure- ll ' e " tS j° f as otate style^^^F^ff^Ja ** toe; heavy, medlani , , B o , ?light < Boleß! >la n ° r Cftl
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers