NEW YORK'S GRANDEST CHURCH ORGAN. ■MlBi On Easter morning the Fifth Avenue Collegiate Church—the oldo st church organization in New York City—heard for the first time one of tho most wonderful church organs that have ever been installed in any place of ■worship. In fact, the instrument combines practically live organs in one, and these five organs may be operated with no greater expenditure of energy on tho part of the organist than is required in playing a piano. The new organ is operated on what is known as the "tubular pneumatic process." It represents a perfect balance between the automatic and mauual systems of uperation. As may be imagined, a considerable amount of power is re quired to procure the frill tones of dozens of pipes, some of them sixteen, eighteen and even thirty-two feet in size. Tiiis power is provided by an electric motor. The various instruments which make up the complete organ are the solo, the swell, the great and tho choir organs. In addition to these there is an echo organ, placed in the opposite end of the church from the main instrument and operated by means of electrical connection from one of the keyboards of the latter. Some idea of the elaborate nature of th« mech anism involved may be gained from the fact that more than two miles of tub ing is used in forming the connections within the organ, and it has tifty-two speaking stops. V* "fc |Trei)chesloßui]From.| £ $ One of the Chief Glories of the Filipino Army—Obstructive Fighting. 4? Although the insurgent soldiers in the Philippine Islands have a poor reputation as marksmen, they deserve considerable credit for the extensive nud elaborate trenches made by them. The hobby of a rebel general seems to be to have his meu devote a large pro portion of their time to designing and building trenches, from which they are ultimately driven by the Ameri cans. It appears to be the plan of the insurgent army to erect magnifi cent barricades aud plan the most beautiful systems of trenches, only to have them captured by the Americans nt the first charge. If the uative sol diers could fight one-quarter as well as they can devise and build trenches, this Filipino war would be more seri ous. As it is, the American troops utterly disregard the trenches of the rebels, aud think nothing of charging up to aud over them, scattering the natives like bees. The writer never sr.T an insurgent forco stand its ground in its trenches more than a few minutes alter an American charge, except at the battle of Balangtang, near Iloilo, when sev eral companies of the rebels managed to hold their position for about thirty minutes before they broke. The in surgents had occupied these trenches for nearly a year, during which time they had been constantly at work on them, putting them into the best of condition for defence. The rebel of ficers had all along asserted that the United States forces would be anni hilated if they attacked this position. One morning the American column moved on the trenches at daybreak, and after a fight of thirty minutes the rebels were obliged to leave the trenches and run for the mountains. The fault was noc with the trenches, but with the soldiers in them. The C B A Fif / MH-)' F l&F: Kill" TYPES OF FILIPINO INTRENCUMENTS. trenches were built as if a thoroughly ekilled engineer had directed the work. The indications at every trench Bystem are that the builders of the trenches always had the possibility of flight in mind. In fact, how to run is the chief consideration of the rebel soldiers, and tho officers cannot get the natives to take to trenches or barricades of any sort unless complete preparations are made for flight. At Balangtang, and at almost every system of trenches used by the in surgents, there will be found series of retreating trenches, constructed on the plan shown in Figure 1. The trenches are cut into the earth zigzag sometimes, and sometimes other ways, but the customary method is that pre sented in the out. This mode of treieliinn not only rives the rebel a chance to retreat gradually, but offers a good chance for him to stop and fire bis rifle frequently from protected places in the cross trenches. He can pass from the maiu trench to 4. when his safety is in doubt, aud work back to B, C, aud so on for miles; for often - tiines these connecting retreating <r, 1,,, ' A FEAST DAY IN THE PHILIPPINES. trenches extend for mile afte* mile along a road or trail, and frequently connect one town with another. On some occasions the Americans have run into trench systems of the type shown in Figure *2, in which a series of haif moon shaped trenches are dug and connected as shown. The first trench (A) will contain the fight ing forces at the beginning, but as soon as the American fire gets too se vere for comfort in Trench A the sol diers fall back to Trench B. Then, if necessary, they fall back to Trench C, and they can continue to fall back in to similar trenches, making a shoit stand at each trench and perhaps damaging the opposing forces a little. Often these half oircle trenches com pletely cover the approaches to cities and towns previously held by the rebels. The natives worked indus triously for years in making them, for they used trenches against the Span ish soldiery, and have been fighting almost all the time since the begin ning of Spanish rule on the islands. Then labor is inexpensive, and the rebels employed some labor and used prisoners to work as well, so that the insurgent forces always hod a large number of men engaged in erecting trenches everywhere. When the rebels abandon a section of trenches they have a habit of either The New Eldorado. r'ornc octAv ujLj VHnuncisc* LOCATION or CAP* NOME GOLD FIELD. covering them over with light stuff for tho Americans to fall through, or they set up poisoned tips of sharpened bamboo as at D, Figure 3, hoping that some of the Americans may tum ble in on these wicked points in tbe dark. A great number of trenches thus fitted have been located in the enemy's country, and, of course, are set fire to at once, so as to destroy the wood points and the poison. The writer has never heard of an Amer ican soldier falling on these poisoned tips, but has seen some natives stark in death upon them. Another trick tho natives have is shown in Figure 3, in which the trench is lightly cov ered with bamboo sticks and some stones or earth thrown ovor so as to conceal the spot. The natives suppose that Americans will not notice the new earth, etc., and will step on the frail top and fall through upon the points below. Tho bamboo cover is marked E and the points G. Sometimes they run water into these places and put poisonous reptiles inside. They work out all sorts of extremely ingenious schemes of this description, and to tho wonder of the natives the American soldiers refuse to be caught. Table Made of Clothenplnn. A table made of clothespins joined together by rigid wire is the creation of Miss Sophie Mclntyre, of (Jonsho hocken, Penn. The clothespins are gilded, and bows made of golden rope help to give the whole of it an artistic finish. Wlll ii Written on Battlefields. Many queer and pathetic wills have been found upon the bodies of dead British soldiers on South African battlefields, and in every case the wishes of the testator have been re spected. The body of one soldier was found on the battlefield of Elandslaagte who, before death, had scrawled with the end of a lead bullet on the inside of his helmet the words, "All to mj wife." \Vhen an English army invaded Afghanistan one soldier was daughl while doing scout duty and shot down when none of his comrades were iu sight. Weeks afterward his body wa.» found lying before a tall rock, on which lie had written iu letteis of blood, "I want mother to have all." In both cases the War Office held the wills to be valid, and saw that the proper distribution of the property was made. Captive balloons are now being used in building operations; they are em ployed to raise and support scaffold poles and ladders until these latter are secured in position. A COTTON QUEEN IS SHE. Methods of Mm. Wilder, a Successful Ala bama flanter. Three years ago Mrs. Lelia Seton Wilder, of Decatur, Ala., took hold of in extensive estate that had been sadly jeglected and determined to make it t uiodel cotton plantation. She snc jeeded, and to-day, says Leslie's Weekly, the planters of her State are jtudying her methods. She visited New York in September and secured iu order for all the cottou her planta tion cau produce during the coming year. She owns over 0000 acres along the Tennessee ltiver. Of this, 700 acres are under cultivation, the balance i3 timber of fine hard wood, princi pally white oak. She cultivates 100 acres herself; the balance is rented on Iho teuaut system. She has twenty aegro families on the place, most of MBS. LELIA SETON" WILDER. them hired by the year. Each family a cabin, garden and pasture rent free, aud firewood. "I think my suc cess with the plantation," says Mrs. Wilder in a letter, "lies in my faculty of getting along with tho negro. Life is very different down here than with the tenautry of the North or West. There are more intimate relations be tween tho mistress and the servants. They come to you with their joys and troubles, and always expect a sympa thetic listener." We have had a num ber of cottou kings, aud now, in the person of Mrs. Wilder, we have a col on queen. HOW BEES MARK A TREE. If It Does Not Suit Tlietn They Leave a Sljjn. "Bees have a language of their own," said a Western bee expert the other day. "They carry different meanings by their buzzings, and they understand each other like a top; but I found out one thing about them that I don't think anybody else did—bees have got a written language aud they send communications to eacu other. "I found this out after years of close observation. Wheu the bees get 100 awfully numerous in a tree till up the hollow so that it's too crowded for comfort—certain wise bees are seut out to prospect. "When a pioneer of this kiud Suds a big, likely-looking tree with a hos pitable-looking wiud-crack in it, ho takes plenty of time aud goes all over it carefully. "Sometimes lie finds that, while the place looks nice and commodious on the outside, the knothole leads into 'f# 44* Ip* THE BEE MARKS ON A THEE. IT BEADS: "THIS TBEE IS PUNK, AND N. G." a shallow receptacle, or the crack is not deep euough to accommodate even a bachelor bee, much less a whole brood. "In such a case, he gets out and writes a message to all aud sundry bees that may come along that way: 'This tree is no good. That, knothole is a fake aud the windcrack is a frost —pass it up!' "He writes this with his tail string ing honey along as we string ink. If the tree is all right he puts up a sign to that effect. Tue next bee scents the honey, 'lights and reads the first words of the message, and if the re port is unfavorable, flies off, saying 'Hm-m-m-h!' and dsesn't worry him self any further about it. "Oh, yes, bees are cute, and if you've got the idea that they're slow, it's because you are slow yourself."— Denver Post. Discoveries In Babylon. Dr. Koldewey, director of the ex* cavations at the ancient city of Baby lon, has informed the Oriental Society of the discovery of a canal built by Arameau bricks, which is believed to be the loug-sought East Canal. A temple called Eruach of the goddess Ninniach was laid bare, and stones found inscribed from the time of Ne buchadnezzar. A man can often improve hii man ners by dropping some of tboia MAKING BOER "REIMS." Skins Turned Into TUonarn for South African Ox Wagon*. One of the strangest things which strike the eye of a casual first visit to a Boer farm is a curious structure, not far from the homestead, standing up agninst the sky-line like a gigantic gallows. There is a stout, roughly hewn tree planted fair and square in tho ground. From this is n cross beam, in the centre of which is a large iron hook. Directly underneath tbis on the ground is a huge, square stone, about 18 inches to two feet in height. But it is not a gallows. It is simply a "breipaal," or brayiag-poles, wheie on the ox-liides are treated and turned into those remarkably serviceable 'reims," or strips of leather thong, which form an indispensable staple of the outfit of every South African ox wagon. This is the method of preparing the "reims." Alter the dead oxen have been skinned tbe pelts are spread on the bare ground an I allowed to dry with tbe undet' side uppermost to the scorching hot sun. After some days' preparation of this kind they are brought by Kaffir "boys" to the bray ing poles. Having been soaked iu water, or preferably brine and water, for some little while, and the hair being still on them, the pelts are somewhat limp and extraordinarily elastic. Tbe skin is roughly trimmed into an oval shape. The Lioer farmer then pulls out a sharp knife, and fiom the outer edge inward com mences to cut the skin into a circular strip of about an inch and a half iu width. As a rule, a full-sized ox hide yields one continuous strip, one and one half inches iu width and 70 yards in leugth. A second hide is treated iu exactly the same way, and the two ends ai e knotted together with thai particular kind of knot known to sailors, which tbe more you pull it the tighter it becomes. The whole length of 140 yards of raw hide ribbon is then stretched to it* fullest length. When it is fully stretched it is looj ed up into a huge hunk, which is of great weight. ]t resembles nothing so much as a great skein of Berlin wool ready to be wound up into a ball for knitting. One end of tbis hank is passed over the ii ou hook on the crossbeam of tho braying poles, while the other end of the hand is tied by "reims," already seasoued. to tho heavy stone imme diately under the hook. The stone is then laboriously twisted round and round, and the rawhide is naturally twisted in the same degree, the weight causing the strain t-o become greater and greater. At last there is an end to the possibilities of twisting, the resistance becoming too great, and all hands let go the stone, which unwinds with great velocity. Ibis, iu brief, is the braying pro cess, aud nothing remains to make tbe perfect "reiui" except that tho whole urip has to be well greased with mutton fat, preferably made from the tail of what is known out there as the "fat-tailed" sheep. —London Mail. WHY HE WANTED MONEY. A lii'jjKur llus Fun Willi a Too Inquisi tive Philanthropist. "Iso, I never ques'ion beggars," said an old citizen who had jivst haud ed a small coin to a typical hobo, who "braced" him on a St. Charlos stre t corner the other day. "If tbe case appeals on its surface tj my sympathy I give, and if not I don't, aud there the matter cuds. But I never waste nny time in interroga tions. To tell the truth, I was broke® of that habit by a very j aiuful experi ence. One night, several years ago, I was standing almost at this very spo', when a mo-t disreputable look ing tram]) shambled up and asked me for a dime. His clothes were in rags and tatievs ; 1 e wore oi.e battered tan gaiter and one cloth slipper ; Lis nose resembled a ripe tomato aud he had a dilapidated, billycock hat perched on the extreme back of his head. In those days I had a foolish idea that I ought lo be very careful r.ot to encourage intem perance by indiscriminate alms, so I looked the apparition over and hard ened my heart. ' [ woul I gladly give you a dime,' I said, 'if I thought it would really do you any good, but I am satisfied you would immediately spend it for rum.' 'No, cap'n, you're dead wrong,' he said, earnestly; 'I don't intend to donuthin' of th' kind.' 'Well, then, I'll make a bargaiu with you,' I leplied. 'lf you'll tell me ex actly and truthfully what you propose to do with it I'll give you the money.' 'ls dat straight?' he asked. 'Cer tainly,' I answered. 'Den come wid me,' he said, mysteriously. My curi osity was aroused aud I followed him half way down the block, where he .turned into an alley aud led me to the further end. The place was silent as the grave and not a soul was in sight, but he looked cautiously up and down aud peered behind a pile of boxes be f ore he spoke. 'Now gimme de dime an' I'll tell he whispered, hoarsely. I handed it over. ' Can ye keep a secret ?' he usked. 'Yes, I guess so,' 'Well, I'm goiu' to get me boots blacked.'"—New Orlean* Times-Democrat. Saving Hin Seat in the Museum, The reading room of the British Museum has just opened after its half yearly cleaning. One or two of the oldest habitues have felt rather pained every now and then lately at finding their pet seats in the occupation oi somebody else. Yesterday morning an elderly reader was seen at 9.0 c o'clock marching triumphantly out ol the reading room with an opera hat on his head, having adopted House oi Commons tactics and deposited a silk hat and a bundle of papers at his desk before .returning home to breakfast.-* T.nndon Ohrnnii<la THE GREAT DESTROYER SOME STARTLING FACTS ABOU' THE VICE OF INTEMPERANCE. Write 11-, tlie Poem Which Hiti Wlllar> (Jrc«<l Kverjr Young l'erson to Uirn. Tli« Waning Estimation of the Vatlua of Alcohol lor Soldier*. Write It on the workhouse gate, Write It oil (lie schoolboy's slate. Write It oil the copybook, That tho young may ofteu look, " Where there's drink, there's danger." Write It 011 the churchyard mound, Where the rmn-slaln dead are found; Write It on the gallows lilgn, Write for all the passers-by, "Wnere there's drink, there's danger." Write It on the nation's laws, Blotting out the license cliuiss; Write it on each ballot white, bo it ean bo read aright, "Where there'a drink, thero'3 dnngor." Write on our ships that sail, Borne along by storm nn.l gale; Write it large in letters plain, Over every land and main, "Where there's drink, there's danger.' Write It over every gate, On tho church and halls of state. In tlie liearls of every band, On the laws of every laud, "Where there's drink, there's danger."' Whisk)'a Growing Disfavor. In commenting on the report from Lady smith that whisky was selling there during the siege at $25 a bottle, a medical journal takes it as an Indication that while oilier provisions were fairly plentiful, it had not been considered necessary to provide alco hol in large quantities. The waning esti mation of the value of alcohol for general purposes is exemplified nowhere mora clearly than iu the records of the British army. In old days, In tho army as In tho navy, grog was an ludispensable and per manent ration. The modern general knows that hardships can host be borne and dan gerous climate best encountered without the constaut use of stimulants. In the lu dinn mutiny Havelock's men performed wonderful feats of endurance on coffee alone as a beverage. General Wolseley has always held a determined condemna tlon of tho spirit ration. In the lied River expedition of 1870 Wolseley refused to per mit an allowance of spirits to the soldiers and it is recorded that no troops enjoyed hotter heulth than those engaged. The rum rution was discontinued iu the Ashan tee war of 1873, nnd was again prohibited lu the Kaffir war of 1877-78. Iu the Hudac oxiioditiou all alcoholic liquors were for bidden, and the men engaged maintained splendid physical condition as regards both health anil endurance. In hot e'imates thf necessity for abstaining from the use of spirits when great and continued physical exertion has to be undertaken, Is unques tionable, tho uuiforui and unimpeachable testimony of every resident and traveler In tho tropics condemns the use of liquor, malt or spirituous, as disastrous to health. It Is suggested that It would be wise to In troduce Iu tho American army a rule as Is now euforced by railway managers and by many other employers upon all employes on whose mental or nervous condition may j depend the lives of many others, tho cor , t-ect working of valuable machinery and ; tho safety of costly investments. The r:ilo I requires oT overy man occupying any post , lion thus Important in its relation to others absolute abstinence from Intoxicating | liquors. No railroad now will employ an engineer, conductor, brakemau, signal ! man or switchteuder who; Is known to use Intoxicants. So it is with the mauitgars o' [ many other industrial enterprises. Hum Is Meimor livery Year. | Englaud, Scotland, Itelan 1 an i Waloj ! consume 95,000,000 gallons of pure alcohol I annually—not in tlie arts, but d r.vu tin 1 gullet iu whisky, wine and beers. Til i I yearly cost of Euglund's liquoring is about [ 4800,000,003. In the last 100 years the ex | penditure has beau #45,000.03,000. Whisk/ lis growing meaner overy year—not tin) or \ iglnal goods, but the hot stuff that 1-t I passed over tlie average bar to a customer. : Audit men would pause to learn how tho ; poison that steals away their brains i-s i made they might desire It lea*. Hixtluu ! sand barrels of whisky were sold iu Louis | ville Inst week at forty-five cents a barrel ; What does tho grog seller do? Jllxes to ! getlier the following: 25 gallons of whisky at $1.50; 15 gallons of spirits at $1.80; a pint of rum, 5) cents; a pint of syrup, 40 ; | lous of wnti-r and a quarter's worth oi bead ; oil for coloring. This gives him -13} 4 ' gal- I lous of ro:-gut for $59.55, a little less than ; $1.23 a gallon. This concoction Is sold ' over.the bar at 15 cents a drink or two for ' a quarter. There being 80 drinks to tlu. ' gallon, he takes In at single drinks sl2 i and at two for a quarter $lO, leaving a ; profit in one caso ot $10.71 and in theothst , $8.71. He calls this vile mankiller a blend , fid whisky.—Victor Ssiith, in the New Vor'* Tress. _ r A Calamity. It Is a calamity, almost criminal In It* nature and effects, that there are not suca unity and liberality upon the part ot the American pulpit against the natural and deadly foe of the American saloon. The liquor traffic lights its battles with ranks all closed; pulpits lire sometimos at the saloon, aud sometimes, alas, at each other. The suloon is fortllled with millions of of money, upon which it may draw at Will In any emergency; the pulpit lias no funds for a crusade against tho liquor traffic. The plain truth Is, aud we may as well face the facts, the saloons exists be jause the preachers and ohurches uud other friends of temperance will not como together and stay together and give light together. It God is not omnipotent lie is not Go.l, and If Ho Is omnipotent—and He Is—He will speedily give victory to the virtuous cnu«o ot temperance, if we will bury our differences and do cur duty.— Cumberland Presbyterian. Alcohol uml Anarchy. Trofessor C 'sare Lombroso recently hail in opportunity to test scleutillcally the elTect of alcohol la developing Intent criminal tendencies. The subject of his experiments was a man who had sur rendered himself to the poilee with tho avowal that anarchists wished to make hiin their Instrument for assassinat ing the King ot Italy. The man seemed sane, but no corroboration of this story could be obtained. Unexpectedly, after drinking wine, lie broke out Into an archistic threats. Acting Upon this hint I'rofoßsor Lombroso administered alcohol to him in carefully measured quantities, and discovered that after he had drunk a certain amount ho developed violent criminal tendencies, all recollections of which appeared to have viuilshe I fron". his mimt when tho effects of the alcohol had passed otT. Tim Crusade In Orlef. In Connecticut liquors and groceries can not cow legally be sold on the samo prem ises. * An Edinburgh professor says It Is the "morning dram" which is the curse of the country. Temperance advocates will be pleased to learn that one man In six lu the British navy Is a teetotaler. Of 7100 men who eutnred one ot the State prisons in a given time 6000 admitted that they were drunkards. Opposition to total abstainers and the work they try to do is founded more in ig norance than in malloa.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers