NEW YORK'S GRANDEST CHURCH ORGAN.
■MlBi
On Easter morning the Fifth Avenue Collegiate Church—the oldo st
church organization in New York City—heard for the first time one of tho
most wonderful church organs that have ever been installed in any place of
■worship. In fact, the instrument combines practically live organs in one,
and these five organs may be operated with no greater expenditure of energy
on tho part of the organist than is required in playing a piano. The new
organ is operated on what is known as the "tubular pneumatic process." It
represents a perfect balance between the automatic and mauual systems of
uperation. As may be imagined, a considerable amount of power is re
quired to procure the frill tones of dozens of pipes, some of them sixteen,
eighteen and even thirty-two feet in size. Tiiis power is provided by an
electric motor. The various instruments which make up the complete organ
are the solo, the swell, the great and tho choir organs. In addition to these
there is an echo organ, placed in the opposite end of the church from the
main instrument and operated by means of electrical connection from one of
the keyboards of the latter. Some idea of the elaborate nature of th« mech
anism involved may be gained from the fact that more than two miles of tub
ing is used in forming the connections within the organ, and it has tifty-two
speaking stops.
V* "fc
|Trei)chesloßui]From.|
£ $
One of the Chief Glories of the Filipino
Army—Obstructive Fighting. 4?
Although the insurgent soldiers in
the Philippine Islands have a poor
reputation as marksmen, they deserve
considerable credit for the extensive
nud elaborate trenches made by them.
The hobby of a rebel general seems to
be to have his meu devote a large pro
portion of their time to designing and
building trenches, from which they
are ultimately driven by the Ameri
cans. It appears to be the plan of
the insurgent army to erect magnifi
cent barricades aud plan the most
beautiful systems of trenches, only to
have them captured by the Americans
nt the first charge. If the uative sol
diers could fight one-quarter as well
as they can devise and build trenches,
this Filipino war would be more seri
ous. As it is, the American troops
utterly disregard the trenches of the
rebels, aud think nothing of charging
up to aud over them, scattering the
natives like bees.
The writer never sr.T an insurgent
forco stand its ground in its trenches
more than a few minutes alter an
American charge, except at the battle
of Balangtang, near Iloilo, when sev
eral companies of the rebels managed
to hold their position for about thirty
minutes before they broke. The in
surgents had occupied these trenches
for nearly a year, during which time
they had been constantly at work on
them, putting them into the best of
condition for defence. The rebel of
ficers had all along asserted that the
United States forces would be anni
hilated if they attacked this position.
One morning the American column
moved on the trenches at daybreak,
and after a fight of thirty minutes the
rebels were obliged to leave the
trenches and run for the mountains.
The fault was noc with the trenches,
but with the soldiers in them. The
C B A
Fif /
MH-)'
F
l&F: Kill"
TYPES OF FILIPINO INTRENCUMENTS.
trenches were built as if a thoroughly
ekilled engineer had directed the work.
The indications at every trench
Bystem are that the builders of the
trenches always had the possibility of
flight in mind. In fact, how to run is
the chief consideration of the rebel
soldiers, and tho officers cannot get
the natives to take to trenches or
barricades of any sort unless complete
preparations are made for flight.
At Balangtang, and at almost every
system of trenches used by the in
surgents, there will be found series of
retreating trenches, constructed on
the plan shown in Figure 1. The
trenches are cut into the earth zigzag
sometimes, and sometimes other ways,
but the customary method is that pre
sented in the out. This mode of
treieliinn not only rives the rebel a
chance to retreat gradually, but offers
a good chance for him to stop and fire
bis rifle frequently from protected
places in the cross trenches. He can
pass from the maiu trench to 4. when
his safety is in doubt, aud work back
to B, C, aud so on for miles; for often -
tiines these connecting retreating
<r, 1,,, '
A FEAST DAY IN THE PHILIPPINES.
trenches extend for mile afte* mile
along a road or trail, and frequently
connect one town with another.
On some occasions the Americans
have run into trench systems of the
type shown in Figure *2, in which a
series of haif moon shaped trenches
are dug and connected as shown. The
first trench (A) will contain the fight
ing forces at the beginning, but as
soon as the American fire gets too se
vere for comfort in Trench A the sol
diers fall back to Trench B. Then, if
necessary, they fall back to Trench C,
and they can continue to fall back in
to similar trenches, making a shoit
stand at each trench and perhaps
damaging the opposing forces a little.
Often these half oircle trenches com
pletely cover the approaches to cities
and towns previously held by the
rebels. The natives worked indus
triously for years in making them, for
they used trenches against the Span
ish soldiery, and have been fighting
almost all the time since the begin
ning of Spanish rule on the islands.
Then labor is inexpensive, and the
rebels employed some labor and used
prisoners to work as well, so that the
insurgent forces always hod a large
number of men engaged in erecting
trenches everywhere.
When the rebels abandon a section
of trenches they have a habit of either
The New Eldorado.
r'ornc octAv ujLj
VHnuncisc*
LOCATION or CAP* NOME GOLD FIELD.
covering them over with light stuff
for tho Americans to fall through, or
they set up poisoned tips of sharpened
bamboo as at D, Figure 3, hoping
that some of the Americans may tum
ble in on these wicked points in tbe
dark. A great number of trenches
thus fitted have been located in the
enemy's country, and, of course, are
set fire to at once, so as to destroy
the wood points and the poison. The
writer has never heard of an Amer
ican soldier falling on these poisoned
tips, but has seen some natives stark
in death upon them. Another trick
tho natives have is shown in Figure
3, in which the trench is lightly cov
ered with bamboo sticks and some
stones or earth thrown ovor so as to
conceal the spot.
The natives suppose that Americans
will not notice the new earth, etc.,
and will step on the frail top and fall
through upon the points below. Tho
bamboo cover is marked E and the
points G. Sometimes they run water
into these places and put poisonous
reptiles inside. They work out all
sorts of extremely ingenious schemes
of this description, and to tho wonder
of the natives the American soldiers
refuse to be caught.
Table Made of Clothenplnn.
A table made of clothespins joined
together by rigid wire is the creation
of Miss Sophie Mclntyre, of (Jonsho
hocken, Penn.
The clothespins are gilded, and bows
made of golden rope help to give the
whole of it an artistic finish.
Wlll ii Written on Battlefields.
Many queer and pathetic wills have
been found upon the bodies of dead
British soldiers on South African
battlefields, and in every case the
wishes of the testator have been re
spected.
The body of one soldier was found
on the battlefield of Elandslaagte who,
before death, had scrawled with the
end of a lead bullet on the inside of
his helmet the words, "All to mj
wife."
\Vhen an English army invaded
Afghanistan one soldier was daughl
while doing scout duty and shot down
when none of his comrades were iu
sight. Weeks afterward his body wa.»
found lying before a tall rock, on
which lie had written iu letteis of
blood, "I want mother to have all."
In both cases the War Office held
the wills to be valid, and saw that the
proper distribution of the property
was made.
Captive balloons are now being used
in building operations; they are em
ployed to raise and support scaffold
poles and ladders until these latter
are secured in position.
A COTTON QUEEN IS SHE.
Methods of Mm. Wilder, a Successful Ala
bama flanter.
Three years ago Mrs. Lelia Seton
Wilder, of Decatur, Ala., took hold of
in extensive estate that had been sadly
jeglected and determined to make it
t uiodel cotton plantation. She snc
jeeded, and to-day, says Leslie's
Weekly, the planters of her State are
jtudying her methods. She visited
New York in September and secured
iu order for all the cottou her planta
tion cau produce during the coming
year. She owns over 0000 acres along
the Tennessee ltiver. Of this, 700
acres are under cultivation, the balance
i3 timber of fine hard wood, princi
pally white oak. She cultivates 100
acres herself; the balance is rented on
Iho teuaut system. She has twenty
aegro families on the place, most of
MBS. LELIA SETON" WILDER.
them hired by the year. Each family
a cabin, garden and pasture rent
free, aud firewood. "I think my suc
cess with the plantation," says Mrs.
Wilder in a letter, "lies in my faculty
of getting along with tho negro. Life
is very different down here than with
the tenautry of the North or West.
There are more intimate relations be
tween tho mistress and the servants.
They come to you with their joys and
troubles, and always expect a sympa
thetic listener." We have had a num
ber of cottou kings, aud now, in the
person of Mrs. Wilder, we have a col
on queen.
HOW BEES MARK A TREE.
If It Does Not Suit Tlietn They Leave
a Sljjn.
"Bees have a language of their
own," said a Western bee expert the
other day. "They carry different
meanings by their buzzings, and they
understand each other like a top; but
I found out one thing about them that
I don't think anybody else did—bees
have got a written language aud they
send communications to eacu other.
"I found this out after years of
close observation. Wheu the bees
get 100 awfully numerous in a tree
till up the hollow so that it's too
crowded for comfort—certain wise
bees are seut out to prospect.
"When a pioneer of this kiud Suds
a big, likely-looking tree with a hos
pitable-looking wiud-crack in it, ho
takes plenty of time aud goes all over
it carefully.
"Sometimes lie finds that, while
the place looks nice and commodious
on the outside, the knothole leads into
'f# 44*
Ip*
THE BEE MARKS ON A THEE. IT BEADS:
"THIS TBEE IS PUNK, AND N. G."
a shallow receptacle, or the crack is
not deep euough to accommodate even
a bachelor bee, much less a whole
brood.
"In such a case, he gets out and
writes a message to all aud sundry
bees that may come along that way:
'This tree is no good. That, knothole
is a fake aud the windcrack is a frost
—pass it up!'
"He writes this with his tail string
ing honey along as we string ink. If
the tree is all right he puts up a sign
to that effect. Tue next bee scents
the honey, 'lights and reads the first
words of the message, and if the re
port is unfavorable, flies off, saying
'Hm-m-m-h!' and dsesn't worry him
self any further about it.
"Oh, yes, bees are cute, and if
you've got the idea that they're slow,
it's because you are slow yourself."—
Denver Post.
Discoveries In Babylon.
Dr. Koldewey, director of the ex*
cavations at the ancient city of Baby
lon, has informed the Oriental Society
of the discovery of a canal built by
Arameau bricks, which is believed to
be the loug-sought East Canal. A
temple called Eruach of the goddess
Ninniach was laid bare, and stones
found inscribed from the time of Ne
buchadnezzar.
A man can often improve hii man
ners by dropping some of tboia
MAKING BOER "REIMS."
Skins Turned Into TUonarn for South
African Ox Wagon*.
One of the strangest things which
strike the eye of a casual first visit to
a Boer farm is a curious structure,
not far from the homestead, standing
up agninst the sky-line like a gigantic
gallows. There is a stout, roughly
hewn tree planted fair and square in
tho ground. From this is n cross
beam, in the centre of which is a large
iron hook. Directly underneath tbis
on the ground is a huge, square stone,
about 18 inches to two feet in height.
But it is not a gallows. It is simply
a "breipaal," or brayiag-poles, wheie
on the ox-liides are treated and turned
into those remarkably serviceable
'reims," or strips of leather thong,
which form an indispensable staple of
the outfit of every South African ox
wagon.
This is the method of preparing the
"reims." Alter the dead oxen have
been skinned tbe pelts are spread on
the bare ground an I allowed to dry
with tbe undet' side uppermost to the
scorching hot sun. After some days'
preparation of this kind they are
brought by Kaffir "boys" to the bray
ing poles. Having been soaked iu
water, or preferably brine and water,
for some little while, and the hair
being still on them, the pelts are
somewhat limp and extraordinarily
elastic. Tbe skin is roughly trimmed
into an oval shape. The Lioer farmer
then pulls out a sharp knife, and
fiom the outer edge inward com
mences to cut the skin into a circular
strip of about an inch and a half iu
width.
As a rule, a full-sized ox hide yields
one continuous strip, one and one
half inches iu width and 70 yards in
leugth. A second hide is treated iu
exactly the same way, and the two
ends ai e knotted together with thai
particular kind of knot known to
sailors, which tbe more you pull
it the tighter it becomes.
The whole length of 140 yards of
raw hide ribbon is then stretched to
it* fullest length. When it is fully
stretched it is looj ed up into a huge
hunk, which is of great weight.
]t resembles nothing so much as a
great skein of Berlin wool ready to
be wound up into a ball for knitting.
One end of tbis hank is passed over
the ii ou hook on the crossbeam of tho
braying poles, while the other end of
the hand is tied by "reims," already
seasoued. to tho heavy stone imme
diately under the hook. The stone
is then laboriously twisted round and
round, and the rawhide is naturally
twisted in the same degree, the weight
causing the strain t-o become greater
and greater. At last there is an end
to the possibilities of twisting, the
resistance becoming too great, and all
hands let go the stone, which unwinds
with great velocity.
Ibis, iu brief, is the braying pro
cess, aud nothing remains to make
tbe perfect "reiui" except that tho
whole urip has to be well greased
with mutton fat, preferably made from
the tail of what is known out there
as the "fat-tailed" sheep. —London
Mail.
WHY HE WANTED MONEY.
A lii'jjKur llus Fun Willi a Too Inquisi
tive Philanthropist.
"Iso, I never ques'ion beggars,"
said an old citizen who had jivst haud
ed a small coin to a typical hobo,
who "braced" him on a St. Charlos
stre t corner the other day. "If tbe
case appeals on its surface tj my
sympathy I give, and if not I don't,
aud there the matter cuds. But I
never waste nny time in interroga
tions. To tell the truth, I was broke®
of that habit by a very j aiuful experi
ence. One night, several years ago,
I was standing almost at this very
spo', when a mo-t disreputable look
ing tram]) shambled up and asked me
for a dime. His clothes were in
rags and tatievs ; 1 e wore oi.e
battered tan gaiter and one cloth
slipper ; Lis nose resembled a ripe
tomato aud he had a dilapidated,
billycock hat perched on the extreme
back of his head. In those days I
had a foolish idea that I ought lo be
very careful r.ot to encourage intem
perance by indiscriminate alms, so I
looked the apparition over and hard
ened my heart. ' [ woul I gladly give
you a dime,' I said, 'if I thought it
would really do you any good, but I
am satisfied you would immediately
spend it for rum.' 'No, cap'n, you're
dead wrong,' he said, earnestly; 'I
don't intend to donuthin' of th' kind.'
'Well, then, I'll make a bargaiu with
you,' I leplied. 'lf you'll tell me ex
actly and truthfully what you propose
to do with it I'll give you the money.'
'ls dat straight?' he asked. 'Cer
tainly,' I answered. 'Den come wid
me,' he said, mysteriously. My curi
osity was aroused aud I followed
him half way down the block, where
he .turned into an alley aud led me to
the further end. The place was silent
as the grave and not a soul was in
sight, but he looked cautiously up
and down aud peered behind a pile of
boxes be f ore he spoke. 'Now gimme
de dime an' I'll tell he whispered,
hoarsely. I handed it over. ' Can
ye keep a secret ?' he usked. 'Yes, I
guess so,' 'Well, I'm goiu' to get
me boots blacked.'"—New Orlean*
Times-Democrat.
Saving Hin Seat in the Museum,
The reading room of the British
Museum has just opened after its half
yearly cleaning. One or two of the
oldest habitues have felt rather pained
every now and then lately at finding
their pet seats in the occupation oi
somebody else. Yesterday morning
an elderly reader was seen at 9.0 c
o'clock marching triumphantly out ol
the reading room with an opera hat
on his head, having adopted House oi
Commons tactics and deposited a silk
hat and a bundle of papers at his desk
before .returning home to breakfast.-*
T.nndon Ohrnnii<la
THE GREAT DESTROYER
SOME STARTLING FACTS ABOU'
THE VICE OF INTEMPERANCE.
Write 11-, tlie Poem Which Hiti Wlllar>
(Jrc«<l Kverjr Young l'erson to Uirn.
Tli« Waning Estimation of the Vatlua
of Alcohol lor Soldier*.
Write It on the workhouse gate,
Write It oil (lie schoolboy's slate.
Write It oil the copybook,
That tho young may ofteu look,
" Where there's drink, there's danger."
Write It 011 the churchyard mound,
Where the rmn-slaln dead are found;
Write It on the gallows lilgn,
Write for all the passers-by,
"Wnere there's drink, there's danger."
Write It on the nation's laws,
Blotting out the license cliuiss;
Write it on each ballot white,
bo it ean bo read aright,
"Where there'a drink, thero'3 dnngor."
Write on our ships that sail,
Borne along by storm nn.l gale;
Write it large in letters plain,
Over every land and main,
"Where there's drink, there's danger.'
Write It over every gate,
On tho church and halls of state.
In tlie liearls of every band,
On the laws of every laud,
"Where there's drink, there's danger."'
Whisk)'a Growing Disfavor.
In commenting on the report from Lady
smith that whisky was selling there during
the siege at $25 a bottle, a medical journal
takes it as an Indication that while oilier
provisions were fairly plentiful, it had not
been considered necessary to provide alco
hol in large quantities. The waning esti
mation of the value of alcohol for general
purposes is exemplified nowhere mora
clearly than iu the records of the British
army. In old days, In tho army as In tho
navy, grog was an ludispensable and per
manent ration. The modern general knows
that hardships can host be borne and dan
gerous climate best encountered without
the constaut use of stimulants. In the lu
dinn mutiny Havelock's men performed
wonderful feats of endurance on coffee
alone as a beverage. General Wolseley
has always held a determined condemna
tlon of tho spirit ration. In the lied River
expedition of 1870 Wolseley refused to per
mit an allowance of spirits to the soldiers
and it is recorded that no troops enjoyed
hotter heulth than those engaged. The
rum rution was discontinued iu the Ashan
tee war of 1873, nnd was again prohibited
lu the Kaffir war of 1877-78. Iu the Hudac
oxiioditiou all alcoholic liquors were for
bidden, and the men engaged maintained
splendid physical condition as regards both
health anil endurance. In hot e'imates thf
necessity for abstaining from the use of
spirits when great and continued physical
exertion has to be undertaken, Is unques
tionable, tho uuiforui and unimpeachable
testimony of every resident and traveler In
tho tropics condemns the use of liquor,
malt or spirituous, as disastrous to health.
It Is suggested that It would be wise to In
troduce Iu tho American army a rule as Is
now euforced by railway managers and by
many other employers upon all employes
on whose mental or nervous condition may
j depend the lives of many others, tho cor
, t-ect working of valuable machinery and
; tho safety of costly investments. The r:ilo
I requires oT overy man occupying any post
, lion thus Important in its relation to others
absolute abstinence from Intoxicating
| liquors. No railroad now will employ an
engineer, conductor, brakemau, signal
! man or switchteuder who; Is known to use
Intoxicants. So it is with the mauitgars o'
[ many other industrial enterprises.
Hum Is Meimor livery Year.
| Englaud, Scotland, Itelan 1 an i Waloj
! consume 95,000,000 gallons of pure alcohol
I annually—not in tlie arts, but d r.vu tin
1 gullet iu whisky, wine and beers. Til i
I yearly cost of Euglund's liquoring is about
[ 4800,000,003. In the last 100 years the ex
| penditure has beau #45,000.03,000. Whisk/
lis growing meaner overy year—not tin) or
\ iglnal goods, but the hot stuff that 1-t
I passed over tlie average bar to a customer.
: Audit men would pause to learn how tho
; poison that steals away their brains i-s
i made they might desire It lea*. Hixtluu
! sand barrels of whisky were sold iu Louis
| ville Inst week at forty-five cents a barrel
; What does tho grog seller do? Jllxes to
! getlier the following: 25 gallons of whisky
at $1.50; 15 gallons of spirits at $1.80; a
pint of rum, 5) cents; a pint of syrup, 40
;
| lous of wnti-r and a quarter's worth oi bead
; oil for coloring. This gives him -13} 4 ' gal-
I lous of ro:-gut for $59.55, a little less than
; $1.23 a gallon. This concoction Is sold
' over.the bar at 15 cents a drink or two for
' a quarter. There being 80 drinks to tlu.
' gallon, he takes In at single drinks sl2
i and at two for a quarter $lO, leaving a
; profit in one caso ot $10.71 and in theothst
, $8.71. He calls this vile mankiller a blend
, fid whisky.—Victor Ssiith, in the New Vor'*
Tress. _ r
A Calamity.
It Is a calamity, almost criminal In It*
nature and effects, that there are not suca
unity and liberality upon the part ot the
American pulpit against the natural and
deadly foe of the American saloon. The
liquor traffic lights its battles with ranks
all closed; pulpits lire sometimos at the
saloon, aud sometimes, alas, at each other.
The suloon is fortllled with millions of
of money, upon which it may draw at
Will In any emergency; the pulpit lias no
funds for a crusade against tho liquor
traffic. The plain truth Is, aud we may as
well face the facts, the saloons exists be
jause the preachers and ohurches uud
other friends of temperance will not como
together and stay together and give light
together. It God is not omnipotent lie is
not Go.l, and If Ho Is omnipotent—and He
Is—He will speedily give victory to the
virtuous cnu«o ot temperance, if we will
bury our differences and do cur duty.—
Cumberland Presbyterian.
Alcohol uml Anarchy.
Trofessor C 'sare Lombroso recently hail
in opportunity to test scleutillcally the
elTect of alcohol la developing Intent
criminal tendencies. The subject of his
experiments was a man who had sur
rendered himself to the poilee with tho
avowal that anarchists wished to make
hiin their Instrument for assassinat
ing the King ot Italy. The man seemed
sane, but no corroboration of this
story could be obtained. Unexpectedly,
after drinking wine, lie broke out Into an
archistic threats. Acting Upon this hint
I'rofoßsor Lombroso administered alcohol
to him in carefully measured quantities,
and discovered that after he had drunk a
certain amount ho developed violent
criminal tendencies, all recollections of
which appeared to have viuilshe I fron".
his mimt when tho effects of the alcohol
had passed otT.
Tim Crusade In Orlef.
In Connecticut liquors and groceries can
not cow legally be sold on the samo prem
ises. *
An Edinburgh professor says It Is the
"morning dram" which is the curse of the
country.
Temperance advocates will be pleased to
learn that one man In six lu the British
navy Is a teetotaler.
Of 7100 men who eutnred one ot the State
prisons in a given time 6000 admitted that
they were drunkards.
Opposition to total abstainers and the
work they try to do is founded more in ig
norance than in malloa.