MOST WONDERFUL OF MACHINES., AUTOMATIC ORE UNLOADER AT CONNEAUT, OHIO. The most wonderful machine on the chain of great lakes will be in oper ation the coming season on the Carnegie docks at Conneaut, Ohio. With its introduction at all lake ports there will be little demand for unskilled labor. The ehovelers at Conneaut, realizing this fact, regard the new machine with awe and displeasure. Duriug its construction it was deemed prudent to guard it at night for a time under the glare of several arc lights to insure its •completion. With the new machine six men can unload a vessel in the same time that it requires a force of 100 to do the same wcrk. The weight of the new machine is 400 tons. Its height is more than fifty feet. Equipped with many swivel and hinge joints its movements are almost human. In the tame period of time that one laborer can sink his s'uovel into the ore in a vessel's hold and lift a lew pounds, the scoop of this machine grasps ten tons. 20G0oooooooooooooooooooooo I California's (Jiaitf i | freEs j\re gavel | 3 Tlio United SI a ten Government Una g j Acquired the Fiimou* KeilwotxlH. n a JOOOOOOOOOCSOCOOGOOOOOOOOOO grove of the | / Calaveras mammoth redwood j trees has beer saved from the hands of the vandal. At the opening of the United States Senate's session, on March (5, Mr. liansbrougli, of North Dakota, re ported the House joint resolution di recting the Secretary of the Interior ;o place under bond the "Mammoth Tree Grove" and the "South Parle Grove of Big Trees," in Calaveras ■iud Tuolumne Counties, Califor- HI .< ' ~.. THE "GRIZZLY GIANT —93 I'EKT OIU- . CXTMFfiRENCE. tiia, and the resolution was adopted, j and the Government acquires the groves. Some months ago a lumberman bought au option on the ground for the purpose of cutting down the big trees and sawing them into lumber. A cry went up in Califonia from the snows of Mount Shasta to the orange groves of Los Angeles, to save these mammoths of the forest. By the ef forts of the women of California the matter was brought before Congress with the above result. These are the "sequoia gigauteas," or redwoods that first gave California her reputation for having the biggest trees on earth. Through one of them a Concord stage coaoh may bo driven. The stump of another, thirty feet in diameter, is used as a dancing pavil ion. Redwoods like these tower up 200 feet without a limb, and then burst out into a crown of foliage, rising 100 to 200 feet higher. GOVERNMENT GUARDIAN'S CABIN, MARIPOSA GROVE. Homo scientists say thev are 1300 years old. Others insist that they must be 6000 years old —older than Christianity, older than the Mosaic law. These trees have outlived the natu ral age or cycle in which they be longed. The climate and surround ings of to-day are not congenial and they are slowly dropping their limbs and wearing away with age and weather. Home of these grooves of trees were offered for sale recently at ridicuously low prices—§20 an acre foi large tracts that have in some places six or YOSEMKTE STAGE COACH OX THE "FALLEN MONAIJCH." seven of the great trees upon each acre. It is difficult to realize that but for the prompt action of Congress, for a few dollars one could have bought a tree so old that our entire civilization has lasted for a time which is only tho fraction of its age. People of Cali fornia have beeu accustomed to look upon them as the deities of that land. No wonder a summer day spent in the Sierra Nevadas under the red woods is ono never to be forgotten. The win 1 may blow if it will, but so faintly does sound descend that it seem more like the rolling of a dis tant ocean. Sound and silence alike ero majestic and impressive in those surroundings. Here Bret Hart located ono of his most fascinating stories, with an In dian lover living in a spacious hall within a hollow tree. Here he hides and shields from danger of outlaws his paleface sweetheart. AVhat more romantic place iu which to unfold the love of a wild, passionate child of na ture? Many of the hollow trees in tho grove have served tho more prosaic purpose of homes for miners aud pros pectors. In 1853 one of the largest trees iu the Calaveras grove was cut down and the trunk smoothed off. Five men were busy over three weeks felling it by means of burning and the use of pump augers. The stump is twenty-four aud a half by twenty three feet, and Professor Whitney counted 1255 annular rings, which, making allowanoe for the core of the tree, indicates au age of about 1300 years. That a vast difference exists be tween the ages of these trees is now generally accepted as a fact, and this tree was evidently of the younger generation. The stump of tho tree cut down has served various purposes —theatrical performances have been held upon it; over thirty people at a time have dauced upon it; a news paper, the Big Tree Bulletin, flour ished for d time from its surface. Upon the fallen tree itself was main tained a tenpin alley and a reception room. The Baptist Church in Santo. Rosa was, with ihe exception of the arches, built entirely of lumber secured from one redwood, and but half of the treo was used at that. The ago of this giant was estimated at 1200 years. When one of these big trees gives up the ghost and falls under a stress of wind, it, goes down like au avalanche of the Sierras. The ground trembles and the crash and ruin in its path mark a tragedy of nature. The "Father of the Forest" in the Calaveras grove, which fell not long ago, had seen a thousand years wheu the great majority of its present asso ciates were either non-existeut or literally but little larger thau mustard seeds. Its first limbs are 100 feet from the base, and, with a diameter of six feet, compare favorably with the largest trees of the country east of the Rockies. There are 125 trees in the lower and upper groves ever forty feet in circumference. In the Yosemite National Park, in a belt about two and a half miles long by two miles wide is the next largest grove of redwood trees. Here are some 600 trees which would be con sidered too large as shade trees for the broadest avenue. The largest has a circumference of eighty-one feet three feet above the earth. It is in many ways the greatest and grandest forest on the globe. The big trees ar»i generally wearing away with time and weathor, and seem to have outlived the age in which they belonged, so that they will drop their limbs and topple themselves all too soon without the vandal's axe to bring them down. Many of them show signs of decay, and some are hollow at the base, though still living, with the heart gone. In the hollows of those woodland giauts there is fre quently plenty of space for a comfort ■ able honse of three or four rooms, and in one of them seventeen horses have been sheltered at the same time from a storm. The gigautea is wont to play jokes on travelers, and they are elephantine enough to be serious. The camper is never tempted to seek rest in the grasses and ferns and shrubs at its baie, for he is liable to bo bombarded with cones, and as they are about the size and weight of eggs, a drop of several hundred feet gives them surprising force. But tlxo real danger lies in the limbs, which frequently fall, though the tree may apparently have none to spare. In the Mariposa grove there oro iliinpsßfe- THE ROADWAY Kt'N'S THROUGH THE TREE standing 365 large sequoias—ono foi every day in the year. This grove was donated by Congress to Califor nia in trust at the same time (186-1) and by the same act as the Yosemito Valley, and is mauaged by the same board of commissioners. A troop ef cavalry guards the domain. Wherein Woman tfl Superior lo Man. In three things only are women superior to men; they are superior to meu as nurses, as teachers of young children, and no man can trim a hat equal to a woman. In all other re spects men are the superiors ol women. The best cooks are men; the best housekeepers are men. Although nearly every girl takes piano lessonr and studies music, all of the great piano-players and musicians are men. These facts have been demonstrated by thousands of years of experience. Women who are trying to become lawyers, and who imagine that they can divide up the world's material re' wards with men, should remember that they carry a serious handicap: nature intended that women should travel in certain paths, and will not reward them in other direotions. Women are natural nurses and natural teachers. They should be natural housekeepers and cooks; they would be if they didn't fritter away so much of their time in running after loolish things.—Atchison Globe. The tramways, omnibuses and un derground railway in and around Lon don, within a radius of five miles, carry each year, it ia calculated, about 453,000,000 passengers. TROLLEY AND AUTOMOBILE. The Feature# of Both Combined In One Vehicle. EFFORTS to com bine the princi ples of the auto- I mobile and the trolley have re- C suited in an ex llffil-fj periment being akXr-'psjjj*!!/'. IC-made by a French inventor, M. Lombard-Qeriu, Vv'lly one-half mile v long, has been Jaid down alone; the Seine just out side of Paris. This inventor's scheme is to equip the "trolley," that is, the suppor', which runs on the trolley wire, with an individual motor, in ad dition to the motor driving the ve hicles, so that it is self-propelling and has au independent movement of its own, irrespective of the movement of the vehicle on the ground, though de pendent upon and proportional to the speed of such movement. Briefly the out lit consists of a ~ . AUTOMOBILE AXI» TKOLLEY COMBINED, double trolley wire, suspended about twelve inches apart, on brackets sup ported on poles along the side of the roadway; a "trolley," consisting of two bearing wheels, an electric motor for their operation; a long flexible cable connecting the trolley with the vehicle running on the street, by means of which current is supplied to Ihe series motor which propels it. Tins unique arrangement gives great freedom in the operation of the ve hicle. as it can be operated on the side close to, or away from, the trolley wires. The wagon can turn out for teams without interfering with its operation or placing undue strain on the troiley wires, and go backward or forward At will, ascend or descend hills or steep grade, and, in fact, exe cute auy mancruvre that would be ex pected of a vehicle pulled by horses along a thoroughfare. The flexible cable, twenty-five or thirty feet long, which does duty for the ordinary trolley pole, is connected to tho vehicle at the top of a standard some thirteen feet above the level of the ground, additional cable being wound on a drum, if it is required. While the trolley wires may make sharp turns, following curves or bends in the roadway, it is evidout that two vehicles operated from the same trol ley wires could not pass each other going in opposite direction. This is overcome, however, by arranging the connections of the flexible cables so that they can instantly bo transferred from one vehicle to another, all tho fittings being interchangeable. Thus, if two automobiles met while going in opposite directions, it would only be necossary for them to exchauge trol leys, by exchanging cable connections, when they could continue on their re spective ways. Slaughter ot Heron*. The battle wage 1 by the Audubou Society against the fashion of wearing bird's feathers anil the egret has been so effective as to seri ously influence the sale of those bits of millinery. With a view of meeting the objeotion of women to purchasing these plumes those interested in their sale have been very successful in their efforts in circulating the story that the herons, from which the egrets are taken, are uo longer slaughtered, but they are regularly farmed for the pur pose and the egret gathered up when cast by the birds. In all cases whish have been inves tigated by the American Ornitholo gists' Union Committee on Bird Pro tection there is absolutely no truth in the reports. SCALP OF HHROX CONTAINING EGRET Tho latest advices from collecting grounds in tropical America state positively that, tho birds are being shot wherever found. The accompanying cut shows thf scalp of a heron killed for the purpose of securing the bird's head feathers. Seneca, when tired writing his trea tises on morals, found amusement in going over his acoountb and caloulat. inc how much interest was daelbim- CAa\.AAAAAJv. A \ FARM AND GARDEN^ Roy llfHfi Jldiil for Cow*. »Vith dairy cows, soy beau meal takes the place of linseed meal, being somewhat richer in protein, a laxative feed, and softening the butter fat. Not over three ponuds per day should be fed to a cow, and the softening ef fect on tho but top may be overcome by giving feeds having the opposite tendency, such us corn, kallir corn and cottonseed meal. Til. A<lvin»>«?» or llwni-r Trm-n. Dwarf fruit trees are stated to have certain advantages over high trees: (I) A large liumner can be grown in very limited space; (2) the cultivation of vegetables and flowers near them can bo accomplished without fear of shade; (3) they produce beautiful and excellent fruits; (1) they are an orna ment to the vegetable garden; (5) they have the advantage of resisting the wiuds of autumn which cause the fruit of high trees to full before ma turity. The l)nnn?e to Foliage. During the droughts and hot days of the past parching summer much damage to foliage was caused upon certain crops and trees, notably sugar beets, canlitlowers, che.ries and maples. The leaves of the sugar beets went down as though struck by blight or similar disease, the young cauliflower plants lost many of their unfolding tender blades through parching and death of their margins, and cherries and maples in certain lo culities stood denuded long before time for foliage to fall. These injuries occurred soon after days in late sum mer wheu tho drought had beeu long continued and when hot parching winds made a sudden demand on the on tho plants for more moisture. That tho injury was due to tbi 4 cause, excessive transpiration, and not either, to lack of water due to drought, or to disease, has beeu demonstrated by the New York agricultural experiment station. filvin-; M«<lli'iiie to floi-nei. To givo the horse a drench or bolus requires both skill and patience with exceeding gentleness. All solid medi cines should be at tirst reduced to powder and then rolled in some viscid material to form a paste in an oblong cylinder mass about two and one-half inches long. "Place tho right hand flat over the bones of the unimal's nose, grasping each side, thus to steady tho head, while with the left haud the operator seizes the tongue, drawing it outward to the offside, tho fingers resting on the lower jaw for support. This will secure the tongue from being drawn ont too fa-. The bolus should bo grasped between the first, second and third linger tips of the right hand and carried over the tongue to the back of tho month." Withdraw the right hand quickly and also lelease the tongue, instantly closing tho horse's month and holding his jaws together In giving u draught or drench, which is the liquid form of administering mediciue, use a horn, or a perfectly cleau tin bottle. Stand on tho offside of the horse and "in sert the fingers of the left haud with in the angle of the month," drawing away the animal's cheek iu order to form a suitable pouch into which the fluid is poured "iu small and succes sive dose< as the creature permits it to pass down the gullet. Tho neck of the bottle, therefore, does not enter the mouth and injuries from that source aro entirely avoided. The tongue must be left quite free, as it is a most effective agent iu carrying fluids onward to the gullet, and its action greatly facilitates the operation of drenching."—Our Animal Friends. l*ointH on Rutteriiiakiug. In the tirst place good cows are a necessity. A scrub which gives in different milk half the year is one of the great leaks oil many farms. Next, cows must be well-sheltered, well-fed and kiudlv treated, this last being far more essential than most people think. Cows which are stabled should be well brushed and the udder wiped with a damp clotli to prevent the fine dust of the barn falling into the pail. This is one cause of bitter milk iu winter. A wire strainer with a fine thin cloth over it keeps everything else out of the milk. Tin pans are easier kept sweet, lighter to handle and I thiuk the cieaui rises better in them thau crocks. The milk should not be covered un til the animal warmth is out of it. The sooner it cools the more cream rises. In snmiiio - the pans cau be set iu cold water and the water drawn off when warm and renewed. A shallow zinc box, like the top of a siuk, only large enough to accommodate all the milk of one milking, is handy. 'lha box should be as deep as the pans, with a spout to let the wa'er off. One bucket of water would be sufficient to cool the milk. The pans can be left here until next milking or when cool set flat on the cellar floor. A frame of lath large enough to cover all the milk can be made with legs t\yo or three inches higher thau the pans. Over this stretch muslin and tack tightly. It cau be set to one side or raised up on end and down again, cov ering or uucoveriug all or as much as you wunt at once. The mus lin cau be taken off aud washed, and it does away with somuuy lids to scour and snn aud the milk is better thau when shnt up tight. Tin buckets are the best for the cream. In winter I hang my bucket up near the ceiling and ripeu my cream as well as in summer. In sum mer I skim sweet and hang in the well, so without ice can make good butter the year ronud. Miik mast, be regularly skimmed aud tho cream rejf- ularly "burned wiuter and sniaaer. Thirty-six hours is loug enough for milk to set, and '24 is too long if the milk clabbers. Cream should ba churned at least every other day in summer and twice a week in winter. Sixty degrees in summer and 65 to 70 in winter is about the proper tempera tares to begin churning, for the warm air will raise it a little in summer and cool it in winter. Stop churning when the buttei comes and draw off the milk. I like to wash the butter thoroughly by whirling the churn, ol'iuging watei until it runs clear. \Y ork just enough to mix the salt. The grain then re mains and the butter is rich, sweet ■ and toothsome. Too much working makes it solid and tallowy ami tie s troys the sweet buttery taste. J , never work over butter that come'' lf solid in granules. I find customers prefer it this «ay and every bit ol milk aud water can be got out il ; churned at the right temperature, j There a e people in every town who are willing to pay a good price* for gilt-edge butter, and cows can be i made to be a source of revenue, not to be despised by the farmer's family, even when only a few are kept.—S. is j Wolcott in Ameiic.in Agriculturist. Utilize the Hone*, j Converting the bones about tlia farm into soluble fertilizer is ahothei I of the small economies that it would ] be well for every farmer to heed. \ ery often a goo l many bones of an<- , mals that have died upon the farm might be collected, if farmeis would : give attention to such things; and j quite a lot might be saved in the kit '[ cheu in the course of a few months, j Instea I of being thrown away to be ; carried off by worthless dogs or left i to rot in the forest, all these bones ought to be collected and converted : into a good phosphate by the farmer. A bushel or two of boues, packed down iu strong wood ashes, and kept wei, but not wet enough to drip, will i make a nice lot of fertilizer iu a few i weeks' time. A kerosene barrel ii a good thing to | pack them iu: First, a layer of ashes ' made wet, then a layer of bones, aud ! next another course of ashes, and so i on. until the cask is almost full. | Leave space enough at top to hold a [ bucketful of water, and koep the mass wet. If you fear your ashes are not very strong.add some of the powdered concentrated l.ve from time to time. Large bones should be broken small, but a 1 small or soft boues will soon yield to this treatment. In a few weeks turn the ma-s out on a tloor, : and with a hoe or maul crush the | bones to powder, and yon have as : good a phosphate as the most that you j bnv aud at far less cost. Superphosphate is made from bonea i treated with sulphuric acid, which re j duces them in a fe»v hours. But the acid is a risky article to handle, and the farmer with only a small parcel of boues had better go slow and safe I with ashes, It will pay to utilize j bones in this way. Don't let bones lie about iu the woods where deal animals were left, bnt gather them up anil reduce them to fertilizer. Save all the bones from the kitcheu, and treat them likewise. Slinrt ami lawful Paragraph*. Bran is a good thing for growing ; In gardening clean cujture is the chief essential to success.. | It is the sheep that are kept on low, wet pastures tliat have the foot-ro:. Tne moral is plain. "So foot, no ho' se," so take a look at the feet of your animal often and see if everything is "O. K." Probably the most exacting of all pursuits is fanning, as it requires con stant and careful watchfulness. Make it a habit to wash the cow's ; udder before milking. Most habits | are bad, but this is one of the good i ones. lie sure your poultry get some ani ; mal food. The advicj has been given j often,aud those who have taken it are ; the ones who are getting the eggs. | A flock of "scrub" sheep will bring i more profit in the hands of a well* . I bred slieperd than a Hock of well-bred ; sheep in the hands of a "scrub"' i sheperd. j The weeds will soou putin an ap ! pearance. Don't let them get the best of you, for every weed that grows is taking just so much moisture ami plant nutriment from your soil. Kconmnlrnl t oncllIlon« In Switzerland. The cost of engine building in | Switzerland is affected not only by the high cost of shipment of the com pleted work, bnt also by the fact that nearly all the principal raw materials, especially coal and iron, must be im ported from other countries. Wage conditions, also, are certainly not more favorable than those existing in the work of her great competing neighbor, Germany. The Swiss work men stand as high iu respe.-t to their standard of living and home comforts as any of their fellow workmen on the continent or in Fngland. I can make no comparisons with conditions in America. The dwellings of the Swiss workmen are certainly a degree letter than those of the same class in other countries, aud nil the conditions of life have been strongly influenced for the better by the constant stream of foreign travel, due to the natural at tractions which have made Switzer land a terminal for travelers from all countries, furnishing examples which hive reacted upon the standard ol comfort of the whole population.— .Professor A. Stodola iu Engiueeriup Magazine. The Province of Que'-ec require® the barber, li st of all, to be himself a healthy subject, fro n transmissible offections. Then he must pass an ex aminuti n iu disiufertioi'
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers